1 the Pearl of the Antilles: Haiti in Colonial Times (1492–1791) 2 the Slaves Who Defeated Napoléon: the Haitian Revolution (
Notes 1 The Pearl of the Antilles: Haiti in Colonial Times (1492–1791) 1. Christopher Columbus, The Four Voyages (New York: Penguin Books, 1969; translated by K. M. Cohen), 116. 2. Quoted in Robert D., Nancy G., and Michael Heinl, Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995 (New York: U. Press of America, 1996), 4. 3. Quoted in Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean (1970; reprint, New York: Vintage Books, 1984), 34. 4. Quoted in Heinl et al., Written in Blood, 18. 5. Aristide and Christophe Wargny, Jean-Bertrand Aristide: An Autobiography (New York: Orbis Books, 1993), 143. From 1500 to 1650, Spanish imports of gold and silver from the entire New World (including Mexico and Peru) were 80 tons and 16,000 tons, respectively. See Henry Kamen, Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763 (2002; reprint, New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 287. 2 The Slaves Who Defeated Napoléon: The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) 1. Quoted in Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 100. 2. Antoine Métral, Histoire de l’expédition des Français à Saint-Domingue sous le consulat de Napoléon Bonaparte (1802–1803), suivie des mémoires et notes d’Isaac l’Ouverture (1825; reprint, Paris: Karthala, 1985), 325. 3. Quoted in Wenda Parkinson, “This Gilded African”: Toussaint l’Ouverture (New York: Quartet Books, 1978), 155. 4. “Louverture to Brig. Gen. Domage” (20 Pluviôse Year X [February 9, 1802]), CC9B/19, Archives Nationales, Paris. 218 ● Notes 3 Missed Opportunities: Haiti after Independence (1804–1915) 1.
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