Tabel of Content

• Aknowledgements and Organization 5

• Abstracts 7

• Panels 173

• Utilia 181

• List of Participants 183 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Mario Capasso, Paola Davoli Mario Capasso, Chairman Paola Davoli, Chairman Rodney Ast Roger Bagnall Stefania Alfarano Guido Bastianini Alberto Buonfino Sergio Daris Giovanni Del Giudice Lucio Del Corso Arianna Giandomenico Gianluca Del Mastro Francesco Giannachi Maria Rosaria Falivene Natascia Pellé Jean-Luc Fournet Fabio Pollice Jürgen Hammerstaedt Francesca Silvestrelli Giovanni Indelli Fulvio Tornese Andrea Jördens Bruno Bazzani (web & IT) Giuliana Leone Francesca Longo Auricchio † John W.R. Lundon Franco Maltomini STAFF Marie-Hélène Marganne Gabriella Messeri Alberto Antonaci Diletta Minutoli Elisabetta Carmelitano Franco Montanari Stefania Cirfera Federico Morelli Lucia Beatrice De Filippis Rosa Otranto Natascia Pellé Silvio Di Cello Rosario Pintaudi Vincenzo Fai Dominic Rathbone Giorgia Francavilla Fabian Reiter Cesare Iezzi Petra Sijpesteijn Emanuele Miccoli Martin Stadler Alice Nobile Silvia Strassi Flavia Notarnicola Jakub Urbanik Giuseppe Quarta Elena Russo Filippo Maria Sergio Elena Urso Aknowledgements and Organization

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Organizers of the 29 th International Congress of Papyrology gratefully aknowledge the support of:

Università del Salento

AIP (Association Internationale de Papyrologues) AICC (Associazione Italiana di Cultura Classica) ISUFI (Itituto Superiore Universitario di Formazione Interdisciplinare, Università del Salento) Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università del Salento CISPE (Centro Internazionale per lo Studio dei Papiri Ercolanesi “Marcello Gigante”) Fondazione Puglia Banca Popolare Pugliese Associazione Certamen Plinianum, Castellammare di Stabia Biblioteca Interfacoltà “Teodoro Pellegrino”, Università del Salento Monastero delle Benedettine di San Giovanni Evangelista, Lecce Museo Leonardo da Vinci nella città di Galateo Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale “Vittorio Emanuele III”, Napoli Poste Italiane Museo della Stampa, Merine Arakne Mediterranea Pensa MultiMedia Editore, Lecce EC Formedica, Lecce

They also extend their warmest thanks to the Comune di Lecce for concessing the use of Teatro Apollo and Castello Carlo V.

Abstracts

I governatori dell’Egitto nella documentazione del IV sec. d.C.: una rassegna e un’analisi dei termini e delle espressioni ricorrenti

Giulia Agostini Sapienza-Università di Roma

Il linguaggio utilizzato nel IV sec. d.C. nei documenti amministrativi per riferirsi al prefetto o agli altri governatori delle province egiziane non è stato finora oggetto di uno studio sistematico. Dall’analisi della documentazione emergono invece sia delle innovazioni rispetto alle espressioni utilizzate per il prefetto in precedenza, sia delle espressioni particolari che in questo periodo erano riservate al prefetto e non ai governatori delle altre province. Nel presente intervento sarà fornita una visione d’insieme del lessico usato nella documentazione e la sua evoluzione nel corso del tempo, con lo scopo di metterne in evidenza le peculiarità e di indivi - duare dei criteri per la datazione e per l’interpretazione dei documenti. Saranno quindi esaminati innanzitutto i termini che indicano la carica ( ἔπαρχος , ἡγεμών o ἄρχων ), i titoli di rango ( διασημότατος o λαμπρότατος ) e i sostantivi astratti usati per riferirsi ai governatori ( ἀνδρεία , μεγαλεῖον , μέγεθος ), ma anche altre espressioni che fanno indirettamente riferimento al loro intervento.

Papyrus Conservation Techniques at the National Library of Egypt

Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Mohamed Youssef Egyptian National Library

The Papyrus conservation lab at the Egyptian National Library was established in April 2001. However the Papyrus collection was introduced before that date to many conservation treatments, some of the papyri were perfectly conserved and meets nowadays standard Ethics of Conservation, unfortunately there is no Conservation records regarding the old Conservation techniques, so we don’t know a lot about the materials or techniques used before. However, there are pa - pyri that were conserved with good intentions but with poor quality materials and more invasive techniques. This doesn’t mean that all conservation techniques done after 2001 are perfect. This Paper compares between the old conservation techniques and recent conserva -

• 9• tion techniques introduced to the Papyri Collection at the Egyptian National Library and tries to show that assessment process is always in our minds to achieve best results and to do that we are committed to have conservation records of all treatments done to the Collection and using a database to leave information about our tools, tech - niques, and materials used in the papyrus conservation lab since 2001, and we are improving our ways of documenting and recording notes about our work.

Two Coptic letters in Abou el-Goud storage magazine

Ahmed T.A. Khalil Minia University

This paper aims to publish two Coptic ostraka , they are now kept in Abou El- Goud storage magazine in Luxor. Regrettably, there was no information on their provenance and their date. Both of them were written on one side with black ink. The first letter consists of twelve lines written in Sahidic Coptic, while the second one is composed of nine lines written in Sahidic Coptic, but unfortunately the end of this letter was lost as a result of broken lower part.

Lists of Taxpayers from III A.H. of Islamic Egypt at the Egyptian National Library Papyri Collection

Asmahan Abu-Alasaad Egyptian National Library

This paper studies three Arabic Papyri documents from III A.H. (IX CE). The documents record the lists of taxpayers for paying a poll tax and land tax. The lists of names are written in the Arabic language and the amount of tax in Greek figures. The documents raise some questions about the formula, the traditions of receipt writing and list of taxpayer shape in this period.

• 10 • The first document, P .Cair .Eg .Lib . inv. 880 27 x 11.5 cm. On recto, a List of Copts and Muslims names of taxpayers, which is written in 18 lines. On verso, a Receipt for paying a poll tax and land tax, the text contains 10 lines and is written by another hand. The second document, P .Cair .Eg .Lib . inv.12 19.5 X 7 cm. On verso, a list of ten - ants, their plots of land and land tax, the document is written in 16 lines. On recto, a private letter. The third document, P .Cair .Eg .Lib . inv. 2349. 14x10.5 cm. On recto, a list of taxpayers, the document is written in 7 lines. The verso is blank.

Papyrus « trafiqués » à la Collection Palau-Ribes : décollant fragments et vérifiant écritures

María-Jesús Albarrán Martínez ILC, CSIC

La Collection Palau-Ribes abrite un groupe de papyrus, qu’apparemment ont été objet de manipulation à l’époque moderne, avec le but d’obtenir des bénéfices économiques de la part des marchands ou vendeurs. Ils ont été « trafiqués » de façons diverses, mais toujours en faisant l’essai de donner l’apparence d’un docu - ment complet et parfois en bon état de conservation. On trouve des papyrus avec fragments collés d’autres textes qui complet lacunes ou papyrus avec faux écritures qu’imitent et remplissent le texte original. Cependant, les pièces les plus excep - tionnelles sont des faux documents coptes, composés par des petits fragments, qui proviennent de différents textes, qu’ont été coupés et collés avec beaucoup de soin en simulant un document original complet et bien préservé. En cette com - munication on essaiera de réfléchir autour de ce phénomène de « trafique » de papyrus, ainsi que d’examiner des fragments manipulés.

• 11 • Poster Dining rooms in Late Antique Egypt: papyrological and archaeological evidence

Stefania Alfarano, Alberto Buonfino University of Salento

The Roman Banquet as a social phenomenon and the architectural features used for the convivial ceremonies has been widely studied especially concerning the societies in the western part of the Roman Empire and North Africa. Little at - tention has been paid so far to the convivia in Egypt during the Roman and Late Antique periods. This paper focuses on the study of convivial practices in domestic, public, reli - gious and funerary Egyptian contexts through the analysis of two kinds of sources: the archaeological remains and the written sources such as papyri. The dining rooms and couches documented by the archaeological excavations are characterized by specific architectonic plans and shapes, decorative elements and a peculiar setting. These elements suggest a certain standardization of the ar - chitectural patterns and the introduction of models and traditions coming from the Graeco-Roman world. At the end of the 3rd century a new type of banquet couch, the stibadium , spreads throughout the Roman Empire and is documented in all Egyptian functional contexts: private houses, public buildings, cemeteries but also temples both pagans and Christians. However, these stibadia show a particular horseshoe-shape which is not common in other regions of the Mediterranean basin. The comparison between the different kinds of texts analysed and the architec - tural evidences identified in several Egyptian sites, show that a perfect match be - tween the terms used in the written sources and the types of dining rooms is not always possible. Despite the large amount of texts on papyrus found in Egypt, the archaeological evidence provides more information to define the main features and patterns used in this region for the celebration of formal banquets .

• 12 • The Predictability of the Law in Roman Egypt

José Luis Alonso University of Zurich

From a modern perspective, predictability is one of the law’s crucial dimensions: the predictability of the legal consequences of any given fact, of the legal solution of any given conflict. From this point of view, certain aspects of the Roman legal tradition fall strikingly short of our expectations. Among the reasons of this rel - ative unpredictability of the law in the Roman world, jurisdictional discretion is generally considered decisive. The rich materials that illustrate the jurisdictional practice in Roman Egypt provide a more nuanced picture and show that discre - tion was often used as a force towards stability and predictability. Sources: BGU I 19, BGU XX 2863, SB XII 10967, OGIS II 669, SB XIV 12139, CJ 8.52.1, Dig. 1.3.38.

Early Ptolemaic Alexandria as a “City of Reason”: Two Hibeh Papyri and the Egyptian Exile of Demetrius of Phalerum

Davide Amendola Harvard University

In the past few years the reception of the Athenian model throughout the Hel - lenistic world has become a central strand in Classical scholarship. In recent re - search the assumption that Alexandria’s πολιτικὸν σύστημα was closely modelled upon that of Athens has been gaining traction, and parallels in the system of civic laws and regulations of both cities have been hinted at by several scholars. The present paper focuses on two early Ptolemaic papyri that possibly shed light on the initial shaping of the Alexandrian institutions: P.Hibeh I 28 (TM 65668) de - picts the tribal organization of an unnamed polis as structured around three dif - ferent sets of criss-crossing civic subdivisions forming a pyramidal system, while P.Hibeh II 196 (TM 5788) mentions an official called γυναικονόμο ς in connec - tion with the registration of young men into the citizen body. In an attempt to clarify whether the two papyri are documentary or literary, I argue that both of

• 13 • them are connected to the exile of Demetrius of Phalerum, who, after the liber - ation of Athens from Cassander in 307 BC, managed to flee to Egypt to take shelter at the court of Ptolemy I.

‘Days of Purity’ for Agoranomi

Amin Benaissa University of Oxford

Presentation of an unpublished official letter from Oxyrhynchus mentioning an order of the prefect C. Valerius Pompeianus (287-290 CE) concerning ‘days of purity’ ( ἡμέραι ἁγνεία ς) due to agoranomi . The expression is attested for the first time in relation to civic magistrates and may refer to the imperial cult. The meas - ure is perhaps to be linked to problems with the agoranomia in Oxyrhynchus in the late third century.

Back straight, set the record straight! A reconsideration of Latin upright minuscule script(s)

Serena Ammirati Università degli Studi Roma Tre

The origins and developments of Latin minuscule script(s) between Antiquity and Late Antiquity have always been of great interest for historians of ancient writings. In this perspective, the study of Latin papyrus fragments represents an outstanding source to understand this phenomenon. The publication, in the latest years, of a significant number of new Latin pieces compels to a new, more exhaustive analysis of the evidence, and to a reconsideration of outdated chronologies and geographical divisions. In this paper, after a brief illustration of the ‘classical views’ (especially, from the French school of Jean Mallon and Robert Marichal), I intend to tackle a new and updated survey of Latin minuscule forms between III and VI c. CE ( i.e. more or less cursive ductus, more or less sloping to the right), in order to define new criteria for chronology. This will also be the occasion to present the paleograph - ical features of some new Latin legal fragments currently under edition in the frame of the ERC Project REDHIS Università degli Studi di Pavia.

• 14 • Montre-moi ta main et je te dirai ... pourquoi tu écris : Pour une paléographie signifiante des lettres grecques de Dioscore d’Aphrodité

Yasmine Amory Ghent University

Bien que la main de Dioscore d’Aphrodité ait déjà fait l’objet d’études (notam - ment Del Corso 2008), celles-ci ayant d’ailleurs distingué la main documentaire de deux mains littéraires (cf. l’introduction à P.Lond. V 1674 et Fournet 1999, p. 245-249), le dossier de ses lettres grecques permet d’examiner un aspect encore assez négligé en papyrologie : la corrélation entre style graphique et nature du do - cument. La correspondance de Dioscore, constituée d’une dizaine de documents qui relèvent tantôt du domaine littéraire tantôt du domaine documentaire, ouvre une perspective plus complexe qui dépasse celle de la différenciation binaire tra - ditionnelle et se prête à illustrer l’attention de Dioscore à l’aspect visuel du docu - ment. Le style d’écriture se modifie alors selon la finalité et le destinataire du message, en s’articulant à l’intérieur même d’un seul type documentaire, et consti - tuant ainsi le premier élément significatif du document à l’attention du destina - taire. De cette manière, l’analyse graphique du dossier apporte sa contribution à la notion de « paléographie signifiante » (Fournet 2007).

Demotic Letters from the Griffith Archive in Oxford

Carolin Arlt University of Würzburg

This paper will present some unpublished Demotic letters from the Griffith Archive. This archive mainly consists of texts that deal with the temple in So - knopaiou Nesos in the second cent. BC. My research for the project “Dime im Fayum” housed at the University of Würzburg currently focuses on the about 60 letters from this archive, 21 of which have been published by Bresciani in her book L’archivio demotico del tempio di Soknopaiou Nesos .

• 15 • Poster Gli Alessandrini e le loro proprietà nella prima fase imperiale

Anna Arpaia Poster - Università degli Studi di Firenze

Si vuole presentare sinteticamente l’esito del lavoro di ricerca dottorale (in attesa di discussione) Gli Alessandrini e le loro proprietà nella prima fase imperiale . I documenti individuati per il I secolo (circa 70) permettono di discutere lo status economico degli alessandrini proprietari e gli eventuali privilegi a loro spettanti in virtù della cittadinanza, o dell’appartenenza a un ceto emergente. L’attestazione di privilegi è affrontata attraverso: un’indagine sul contratto notarile riconducibile ad Alessandria (la synchoresis ), con valore giuridico di sentenza; l’analisi delle categorie terriere legate agli alessandrini ( oikos poleos , chora alessandrina, beni usiaci), parallelamente alla contestualizzazione di prostagmata e editti che certificano esenzioni fiscali su base personale o topografica. Nella ricostruzione di carattere prosopografico si presentano i dati secondo due prospettive d’indagine: la relazione tra l’acquisto di proprietà e l’esercizio di un incarico in una determinata regione; il tipo di gestione dei beni, personale o a distanza, ponendo in luce i casi di “investimento” o interesse indipen - dente nell’acquisizione di campi nella chora egiziana.

Plenary Session Opening Access and Controlling Quality

Rodney Ast University of Heidelberg

Over the past several decades, we have witnessed greater access to papyrus collections thanks to digital initiatives and higher demand for open access publications. This has inevitably given rise to questions of control (how open should collections be) and quality (how can we ensure it, especially in web publishing). Given the emphasis of this panel on papyrological publishing, I will discuss the current state of on-line editing. No matter where an edition originally appears, papyrologists today want to find it on line, and many will treat the on-line version as the up-to-date standard edition. Many on-line editions, however, are not perfect – not that all print ones are, either! This talk thus considers how we might meet the increasingly common expectation for our online texts to serve as standard reference editions.

• 16 • Panel Script Styles Panoramas by Computational Synthesis

Vlad Atanasiu University of Basel

I discuss three methods to acquire knowledge about a collection of scripts. /An - alytic deconstruction/ describes a script pattern by an n-dimensional feature space, such as size, slant, or weight. The method allows quantitative analysis directly, but only the relationship between at most three or four dimensions can be con - comitantly represented, and the scripts are difficult to imagine without having seem them previously. /Ipsofactual sampling/ represents a collection by selected samples, without further description: the style of a script is that what it looks like. Only a limited knowledge of the collection can be acquired, given the limited display surface and acquisition time available in practice. /Synthetic holography/ produces a composite representation of all the data, often multisensorial and typ - ical of design and the arts. An example is Proust’s evocation of the Belle Époque as opposed to that of a historian or a bureau of statistics. This epistemological approach produces phenomenological knowledge and operates by enabling the sensory and emotional experience of the world.

New Readings in Philodemus’ Third Book On Rhetoric

Eleni Avdoulou University of Cologne

Philodemus’ third book On Rhetoric (P.Herc. 1426, P.Herc. 1506) was edited by Siegfried Sudhaus in 1896 ( Philodemi Volumina Rhetorica II , 196-272). Since then a new edition of the whole book has not been attempted. Only the last part of the third book was republished by Jürgen Hammerstaedt in 1992. In the present lecture I will present some new readings from the part of the book that has not been re - published and I will discuss them briefly. With the assistance of the multispectral images, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and other scorze , which also contain parts of our book, we are able to make improvements in Sudhaus’ text.

• 17 • Carte e cartuscelle: nuovi papiri dal dossier degli Apioni

Giuseppina Azzarello Università degli Studi di Udine

Il contributo mira alla presentazione di papiri inediti da varie collezioni, ricon - ducibili al dossier della famosa famiglia ossirinchita dei Flavii Apiones , le cui vi - cende si snodano lungo quasi due secoli (metà del V-primo quarto del VII sec.). I nuovi testi gettano luce su vari aspetti della casata – da quelli prosopografici a quelli amministrativi e socio-economici – che verranno di volta in volta illustrati sullo sfondo più ampio ricostruibile dalle centinaia di testi già noti del dossier. Ancora una volta piccoli frammenti ( carte e cartuscelle ) recuperati dalle discariche dell’antica Ossirinco si rivelano materiale prezioso per illuminare aspetti ancora misteriosi del mondo antico.

A Matter of Life and Death: An Undertakers’ Dispute in the Necropolis of Shashotep/Hypsele

Gert Baetens KU Leuven

The manuscript collection at Trinity College Dublin holds a number of Ptolemaic papyri derived from cartonnage discovered by Petrie in Deir Rifeh at the start of the 20 th century. One of these papyri, unpublished to date, contains a petition and some other official documents related to a dispute between undertakers (taricheutai ) active at the necropolis of Shashotep/Hypsele (present-day Shutb). The petition turns out to be written by an old acquaintance from the famous Siut lawsuit.

• 18 • Comptes de céréales en démotique IIIème siècle av. J.-C.

Brigitte Bakech EPHE

Je travaille actuellement avec Stéphanie Wackenier sur six fragments de papyrus inédits provenant du Fayoum datés du III ème siècle avant notre ère et conservés à l’Institut de Papyrologie de la Sorbonne. Ces papyrus opistographes sont écrits en démotique et en grec, tête-bêche. Ces fragments, bien que non-jointifs, ap - partiennent au même rouleau. La partie démotique présente des comptes de cé - réales avec des montants élevés laissant penser qu’il s’agit de récapitulatifs au niveau de la toparchie. Aucune année de règne n’est mentionnée seuls les mois sont indiqués. Malgré une écriture soignée, des difficultés de lecture persistent. Après une brève présentation générale de la documentation, nous nous proposons de consacrer la séance de travail aux difficultés de lecture rencontrées.

Papyri Vratislavienses: provenance, history and content

Constantinos Balamoshev University of Warsaw

The Papyri Vratislavienses a.k.a. Wroclaw Papyri is a small papyrus collection orig - inally kept in Wrocław before World War II and intended for the Philological Sem - inar of the Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau. Initially, the collection comprised 50 papyri, 45 Greek, 1 bilingual (Greek-Demotic) and 4 Ara - bic, but one papyrus disappeared. An investigation into the historical materials con - cerning the collection has led to the establishment of the provenance of the papyri, their connection with well-known figures of papyrology in Germany, their journey to Wrocław and finally to Warsaw and the Department of Papyrology, where they are still housed. The collection remained largely unpublished except for 6 docu - ments and another one published recently (P.Pintaudi 18). The task of editing the unpublished and re-editing the already published papyri was undertaken by Tomasz Derda and the author, with the assistance of Naïm Vanthieghem (Arabic texts), as part of a research project funded by the N.S.C. of Poland. The edition is due to ap - pear in the near future. This paper attempts to shed light on the various threads of the collection and to summarize the research results.

• 19 • Un papiro inedito di epoca augustea

Carla Balconi Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano

P.Med. inv. 69.27 è un papiro documentario appartenente alla collezione del - l’Università Cattolica di Milano. Datato nel 38° anno di Augusto (8/9 d.C.), con - serva parte di un conto con fornitura di generi alimentari (pane, birra) destinati a soldati ( μαχαιροφόρος, στάτωρ, στρατιώτης ).

Studi paleografici sul P.Herc. 1232

Gaia Barbieri Università di Pisa

Il P.Herc. 1232 conserva il primo libro dell’opera Περὶ Ἐπικούρου di Filodemo di Gadara. Il papiro, datato per ragioni paleografiche al I d.C., è stato vergato da due mani: una situazione non molto frequente tra i rotoli della biblioteca ercola - nese. Come gli studi di Del Mastro hanno dimostrato, la compresenza di due o più mani all’interno dello stesso rotolo può dipendere da diversi fattori. In alcuni casi la presenza di una seconda mano deriva da un processo di restauro; in altri, come nel caso del P.Herc. 1232, le due mani sembrano agire contemporanea - mente, alternandosi nella stesura del testo. Nel presente lavoro si avanza anche una proposta di identificazione della mano B del P.Herc. 1232 con quella di uno scriba coinvolto nella stesura di un altro testo ercolanese ugualmente “a due mani”.

• 20 • PSI VII 845 Reconsidered

Krystyna Bartol Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Since the editio princeps of the remains of the hexameter composition(s) from a papyrus codex from Hermoupolis (PSI VII 845 = Page 147 = Heitsch 39 = MP 31835= LDAB 566) was published by Medea Norsa in 1925, numerous as - sumptions concerning readings and interpretation of the text have been put for - ward by the scholars. However, we are still not closer to solving many problems caused first of all by the poor state of its preservation. In my paper I would like to discuss some issues related to restoring the text as well as to its interpretation (epithalamic literary traditions will be of special interest here). I will also try to find the answer to the question whether the lines surviving on the verso and the recto of the papyrus constitute parts of the same poem or we have to do with the fragments of two separate epic pieces.

Hire of a Servant from III A.H. of Islamic Egypt

Belal Abu-El-Ala Egyptian National Library

This paper studies an unpublished Papyrus from the collection of Egyptian Na - tional Library (P.Cair.Eg.Lib.inv. 1485 14 x 15.6 cm). The document records a Hire of a Servant from III A.H. of Islamic Egypt. On recto, 7 lines are written on dark yellow papyrus, cut off on all sides and full of lacunae. The letters are large and clear. The servant was hired, and engaged to serve his master for a full year. His wage is five Dinars. The name of the witness is lost. The date of year of the contract is not preserved completely; the text contains only the word «two hundred». The provenance is Ashmunian. The verso contains 6 uncompleted lines of a private letter.

• 21 • Panel An Astrological Fragment from Oxyrhynchus

Roxanne Bélanger Sarrazin University of Ottawa

Although most of the Oxyrhynchus papyri in the Washington University collec - tion are documentary, we can also find some fragments of literary and paraliterary papyri among them. During the Summer Institute in Papyrology held at St. Louis in 2018, I had the opportunity to work on one of these paraliterary papyri. The piece is a small fragment of an astrological text. Though there are now over 200 known astronomical and astrological papyri from Oxyrhynchus – see A. Jones, Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus ( P.Oxy . 4133–4300a) (Philadelphia, 1999) – the content of this piece seems rather unique, which makes it even more inter - esting. In this contribution, I will present this astrological fragment by going over some its physical characteristics, offering an edition of the Greek text and a trans - lation. I will then discuss some of the unique features of the content and offer an interpretation of the text. Finally, I will place the fragment within the larger con - text of the astronomical and astrological papyri from Oxyrhynchus.

Note e riflessioni sull’inedito Exercitationes in monumenta papyracea

Nikola D. Bellucci University of Bern

All’interno delle indagini circa il rapporto epistolare tra Gaetano Marini (1742- 1815) e Antonio Zirardini (1725-1785) (Vat. Lat. 9060) il contributo fornirà note e considerazioni preliminari circa l’inedito Exercitationes in monumenta pa - pyracea contenuto nel ms. Vat. Lat. 9142.

• 22 • Expressing lineage in Roman and Late Antique petitions and contracts. A variationist perspective

Klaas Bentein Ghent University

Studies of naming practices have made great progress in recent years. One topic which has not received much attention, however, is how people expressed their lineage in Greek documentary texts (petitions and contracts in particular). Ono - mastic studies typically state that this was done through the use of the genitive case, in continuation of Archaic and Classical times. I intend to show that con - siderable variation existed in how people expressed their lineage: focusing on the Roman and Late Antique period, as many as eight different lineage expressions can be distinguished (including πατρός/μητρός + gen., υἱός /θυγάτηρ + gen., τοῦ /τῆς + gen., etc.). Generalizing, one could say that the default option to ex - press one’s lineage was to name a male ancestor, typically the father, through the use of the bare genitive. In situations which departed from the standard one, how - ever, more elaborate marking was used ( e.g. when there was need for disambigua - tion, when one wanted to add honorific epithets, or when one wanted to expressed descent in the female line). This correlation between non-default situ - ations and heavier marking is well-known from functional linguistics: as Du Bois (1985) famously observed, “grammars code best what speakers do most”.

New readings and interpretations of P.Petrie I 10

Roberta Berardi University of Oxford

P.Petr. I 10 (= Brit. Libr. inv. 490 = P.Lit.Lond. 137, MP3 2523, LDAB 6998) was extracted by Flinders Petrie from the cartonnages of Ptolemaic mummies found by him at Gurob in 1889-90. It dates back to 3 rd century BC according to the palaeog - raphy and the documents with which it is preserved, and it contains, according to its first editor, a rhetorical exercise on a protreptic about philetairia , based on the example of Achilles. Petrie’s edition (1891) was merely diplomatic, and made on a

• 23 • much dirtier and less polished object than the one we can see now at the British Li - brary, therefore his supplements and readings are sometimes inconsistent or mean - ingless. Not even Milne’s corrections and additions (1922) actually improved the text. After Milne, this papyrus has never been studied, therefore I would like to present a new transcription – with some new readings and supplements – of P.Petr. I 10, including the so far unedited column 1, “too fragmentary to be worth tran - scribing” according to Petrie. Thanks to these new elements, I will argue that this papyrus is rather an encomium of Achilles, or even rhetorical composition on courage, using Achilles as an example, than a protreptic.

The Trilingual Archive(s) of the Monastery of Apa Ieremias in Saqqara in the 8th century and the Birth of Arabic Papyrology

Lajos Berkes, Naïm Vanthieghem Humboldt Universität, CNRS-IRHT

In the last twenty years many Greek, Coptic, and Arabic documents from the Early Islamic period have been discovered in European, American, and Egyptian collections and subsequently published. However, most of those papyri stem from the Fayyum, Thebes, the Herakleopolite or the Hermopolite nomes. In this paper, we present documents concerning Cosmas, son of Proou and Kallinichos, son of Ouenobre from the early to the mid-eighth century. We argue that they were dis - covered in the monastery of ApaIeremias, near Saqqara. Furthermore, we discuss whether these two groups of documents were parts of the same archive or consti - tuted two separate ones. In the course of this, we finally hope to provide a panorama of all documents discovered in the monastery.

• 24 • Latin Documentary Papyri from Iudaea/Syria Palaestina : an Overview

Andrea Bernini Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

A list of the papyri coming from the Near East and dated to the Roman period was published by Cotton, Cockle and Millar (1995). Among the listed texts, the papyri from Iudaea/Syria Palaestina stand out in importance, and especially Latin papyri deserve particular attention. The present paper provides – in the light of the researches carried out within the project PLATINUM (ERC-StG 2014 636983) – an updated and in-depth overview on these texts. Starting from a re - vised list of the texts – with some specific ecdotical and exegetical remarks – a portrait on textual typologies and contents is drawn. The different textual typolo - gies are sketched out (among them, the contract of sale of the slave Abban and the acknowledgement of debt written in Aelia Capitolina are noteworthy), thus allowing fruitful comparisons with similar sources of different origin. From the historical viewpoint, important insights into daily military life are provided by two lists, P.Masada 722 and 723, whereas P.Masada 727 attests the only one Latin occurrence of the toponym Masada, and two texts (P.Masada 725 and 749) men - tion the xylobalsamon .

The Symbol for “Half/a Half” in the Documentary Papyri: variants and evolution

Miriam Blanco Cesteros Università di Bologna

This analysis in based on from the study of the so-called alchemical papyri (P.Leid. X and P.Holm.), two Greco-Egyptian handbooks on dyes and metallurgical processes written around the end of the 3 th century and the beginning of the 4 th , which compile a knowledge stemming from a long and heterogeneous tradition. The recipes collected in these manuals employ different systems for measuring as well as a different terminology for concepts such as “silver” or “drachma”. Another phenomenon observed during the study of these recipes was the fluctuation

• 25 • of the symbol used to express the concept of “half/a half”. With the aim to determine whether the different ways in which this concept was represented correspond to di - achronic or diatopic tendencies, I started a study examining how this concept was represented in the documentary papyri. This paper presents the results of my research.

The Typology of Greek-Demotic Bilingual Texts

Ana Isabel Blasco Torres Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Approximately 2,5 % (more than 2700) of the texts from Graeco-Roman Egypt were written in both Demotic and Greek. Even if in some texts the Greek and De - motic parts are syntactically integrated ( e.g. in some ostraka from the Narmuthis archive in the late 2 nd century CE), in most cases both parts have been separately written. The content and the extent of the sections written in Demotic and Greek, along with the relationship between them according to the different types of doc - uments and the chronological period, help to trace the evolution of the role of each language (cf. the use of Demotic in tax receipts until the 2 nd century CE, although in some texts related to a private use it stayed alive until at least the 3 rd century CE) and the different stages of the introduction of Greek as the official language of the administration and its final predominance also on some aspects of daily life.

An Inscribed Greek Mummy Cloth in Triplicate?

Lincoln H. Blumell, Kerry Hull, Chiara Aliberti Brigham Young University

In this presentation we will discuss three unpublished mummy cloths preserved in two different collections that contain the same Greek text. Two of these cloths are located in a private collection in Tokyo, Japan and the third is in the Schøyen Collection. While all three cloths present the very same text – a rather common burial formula that preserves the name of the deceased, the names of his parents, and the approximate age of his death – the two mummy cloths in the Tokyo col - lection are exactly identical and preserve a different lineation from the copy in the Schøyen Collection. Upon further inspection we suspect that the two copies

• 26 • in the Tokyo collection are modern forgeries of the text in the Schøyen Collection, which we believe is authentic. Our paper will present an edition of the authentic piece and discuss our research on the two forged pieces as well as try to elucidate the chain of transmission and how they were acquired.

What even Papyrology owes to Giuseppe Botti (and to Erminia Caudana)

Paola Boffula Alimeni Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”

The restoration of papyri conserved in the Egyptian Museum of Florence has also allowed, through the study of some documents in public and private archives, to examine in further depth the patient work that was carried out by Giuseppe Botti and Erminia Caudana during the translation and restoration of the papyri from the first excavations of the Italian Mission in Egypt to Tebtynis. The study of these documents has revealed a working relationship based on mu - tual respect but above all a relationship animated by the same passion for papyri. Among the many donations, of particular interest, was my discovery of an un - published papyrus also originating from Tebtynis: the Pap. 6 Tebt inv. 10494, donated by the “Girolamo Vitelli” Papyrological Institute, whose very unique content will be published by Prof. Nicola Reggiani (University of Parma).

Hidden Words, Hidden Worlds: The Lexicon of the Documentary Papyri and the “Revitalization” of the Past towards the Future

Isabella Bonati North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

The in-depth study of the words found in the documentary papyri allows us to unveil the hidden world of the concrete reality that they describe, because of their close relation to everyday life. Combined with the other ancient sources, notably the archaeological evidence, a lexical study based on the papyri can be crucial in

• 27 • the effort to “revitalize” and throw new light on the past. This kind of integrated and interdisciplinary approach is vital for a deeper and more sophisticated un - derstanding of the complex, often fragmentary picture of the ancient world as it was, made both of objects and words. The fresh ways to re-construe the past un - locked by this approach lead to reflect on new possible tasks of papyrological re - search in future. The resulting impact of work done by papyrologists not only on and through, but also beyond the text, coupled with the knowledge that papy - rology gives the other disciplines, already plays a large part, but should arguably play a larger part in the cross-disciplinary project we call the Humanities. This paper hopes to contribute to it by suggesting a methodological approach illus - trated by means of lexical specimens provided by documents on papyrus.

XRF Ink analysis of selected fragments from the Herculaneum collection

Olivier Bonnerot, Gianluca Del Mastro, Jürgen Hammerstaedt Vito Mocella, Ira Rabin Center for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC), Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)

Hundreds of papyrus rolls, carbonized during the 79 CE eruption of Mount Vesu - vius, were discovered in 1754 at Herculaneum. Sophisticated mechanical methods for unrolling the best-preserved scrolls have been applied, with varying success. However, such processes have been abandoned, to prevent risk from irremediable damage or loss and to preserve the integrity of the extremely fragile rolls. Follow - ing the development of X-ray based non-invasive techniques, attempts to virtually unroll the scrolls were made. The most common ink in Antiquity was carbon- based, and the main element of carbonized papyrus is carbon, making these in - vestigations difficult. However, some attempts with synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) were successful. Recently, the identification of antique inks containing metals raised hope that if some of the inks contain metal the rolls can be virtually unrolled using conventional CT- technique. We are presenting here the first results of a preliminary analysis, which aimed at iden - tifying scrolls whose ink contains metals.

• 28 • P.Flor. III 383 + P.Flor. 383/a-l: richieste di affitto di terreno pubblico a buleuti di Antinoe sotto Severo Alessandro

Bianca Borrelli Università degli Studi di Firenze

Nel 1915, Vitelli pubblicava come P.Flor. III 383 alcuni frammenti papiracei, che considerava provenienti da due diversi rotoli, datati al 13° e al 14° anno di Severo Alessandro (233/4 e 234/5 d.C.): in entrambi erano incollate insieme, di seguito, singole richieste di affitto di terreno pubblico, indirizzate a buleuti di Antinoe. A questi frammenti se ne aggiungono altri, inediti (P.Flor. 383/a-l), di cui già Vitelli dava notizia: accostandosi a quelli editi, essi restituiscono un testo più completo, che offre materia di riflessione sulla forma e sul contenuto dei contratti di affitto di terreno pubblico, in un’area e in un periodo poveri di documentazione in tal senso, e fornisce preziose informazioni sulla prosopografia dei buleuti antinoiti e sulla topografia della nomarchia di Antinoe. Col presente intervento, che anticipa l’edizione dell’intero documento, mi propongo di prendere in esame alcuni di questi aspetti, dopo aver illustrato la struttura originaria dei due rotoli, così come ricostruita sulla base di dati materiali, paleografici e testuali.

An official letter of demand: an unpublished papyrus from the Collection of Trier

Spyridoula Bounta Universität Trier

Presentation of an unpublished Ptolemaic papyrus from the collection of the Trier University. The document comes from a mummy cartonnage and, based on the paleography, it is dated to the second century BC. It seems to be a fragment of an official letter concerning a payment. The main focus will be on prosopograph - ical and lexical matters, which require further research.

• 29 • Poster Patrimonium Caesaris: imperial estates in Roman Egypt

Yanne Broux Université Bordeaux-Montaigne

I will present my research in the framework of the PATRIMONIVM project (http://patrimonium.huma-num.fr), which conducts a comprehensive study of the political, social and economic role of the properties of the Roman emperors from Augustus to Diocletian. I will present the Atlas patrimonii Caesaris , the full- text XML database in which all relevant evidence is being collected, and will briefly introduce several questions concerning the continuity of local practices when it comes to land categories and the ownership and management of estates in Egypt, e.g. which land was claimed by Augustus to form them, who managed them, and who did the actual labor. Most estates were located in the Fayyum, where mainly royal (public) and katoikic land abounded. In contrast to other provinces, imperial slaves did not play a significant role in Egypt. Instead we find local middlemen on various levels, from Alexandria to the villages where the in - dividual plots were situated. The farmers taking up leases were at the same time royal farmers, a privileged group that enjoyed some benefits, at least under the Julio-Claudians.

Organising Slave Trade in Early-Islamic Egypt

Jelle Bruning Leiden University

Our understanding of slavery in early Islam (7 th -10 th centuries CE) has increased much in the last few decades. Not only have new questions been asked from the better-known literary sources dating from the 8th century and later, recently also archaeological, numismatic and papyrological studies have entered the discussion on early-Islamic slavery. Above all, these relatively new approaches deeply enrich the often disparate references to slave trade in historical sources. Archaeology and numismatics substantiate our knowledge of long-distance trade in humans over long periods. The papyrological contribution, by contrast, focuses on the specifics

• 30 • of Islamic laws concerning slave acquisition and their relationship with documen - tary practices. An aspect that has hitherto not been studied in much detail is the organisation of slave trade. This is largely due to the unavailability of source ma - terial on this topic. This paper will present an unpublished private letter written in Arabic by a 9 th -century slave merchant that bears on a number of key topics: large and small-scale trade in slaves, the role of personal networks in slave acqui - sition, and the validity of selling slaves.

A Greek literary genre in a 9th century school? Menandri Sententiae in an Arabic papyrus

Ursula Bsees University of Cambridge

It is well-known that Greek is among the languages and cultures with most in - fluence on Arabic culture and intellectual history. There is papyrological evidence for administrative practice, but also for magical techniques that were taken over by the Arabs after the conquest of Egypt. A first insight into the ways the Greek literary tradition and even Greek school teaching entered the Arabic tradition can be gained from P.Heid. inv. Arab. 49. The fragmentary papyrus contains short phrases with an edifying or moralising content, aligned alphabetically after an initial isolated letter. In form, they closely resemble the collections of edifying sayings known generally as Menandri Sententiae . It is likely that it was a school text, like many of its Greek parallels. P.Heid. inv. Arab. 49 can not only provide much-needed information about how Arabic was taught in Early Islamic Egypt, but also about the cultural continuation in the transmission of a literary format. If preliminarily readings of two (scholars’?) names on the papyrus turn out to be valid, we might even be able to trace this Arabic version of sententiae back to an earlier stage of its transmission history.

• 31 • Connecting the Dots: Using Diaeresis as a Source of Information about Scribal Practices in Byzantine Egypt

Elizabeth Buchanan University of Findlay, USA

Diaeresis is a set of two dots placed above certain vowels for one of three reasons: to mark two consecutive vowels not forming a diphthong, in foreign names, and when either an iota or upsilon stands at the beginning of a word. Although occa - sionally attested in the early Roman period, it became more common after the second century CE. The use of diaeresis in Byzantine Egypt papyrological texts, however, is variable in the sense that it is used on some words within a document and not on others or even sometimes not on the same word in a different portion of the document. As a result, it is rarely the subject of discussion. This paper pro - poses that a careful examination of the use of diaeresis in a controlled set of doc - uments, specifically the documents in the archive of Dioscorus of Aphrodito, which often identify the scribe responsible for the document, can be useful in providing dating criteria, information about scribal training and networks, and markers for understanding the distribution of dating and legal clauses in sixth century CE Aphrodito.

The Carbonized Papyri from Bubastos: Overview of the Unpublished Material

Matias Buchholz University of Helsinki

Fragments of carbonized papyri deriving from Bubastos in the Nile Delta are held by several collections, most notably those in Cologne and Vienna. These papyri date to the early 3 rd century CE and must come from the central archive of the administration of the Bubastite nome. Three volumes featuring a total of six scrolls, all from the Cologne collection, have been published so far: P.Bub. I 1-4 (J. Frösén and D. Hagedorn, 1990), P.Bub. II 5 (D. Hagedorn and K. Maresch, 1998), and P.Bub. III 6 (K. Maresch, 2016). I will give an

• 32 • account of my work towards the next volume that will possibly consist of just one scroll, a massive register of tax arrears (P.Vindob. G 39888 + P.Köln inv. R). I will also give an overview of the remaining unpublished material from Cologne and Vienna. It features, inter alia , correspondence of the royal scribe, a list of liturgical nominations, a census list, a diary of the imperial cult, and court proceedings.

Call-girls in the Quarries?

Adam Bülow-Jacobsen Sorbonne Université

Among the hundreds of letters – private or official – from the quarry-site of Umm Balad ( Δομιτιανὴ Λατομία or Καινὴ Λατομία , end of first to middle of second century) there are some twenty-five written to or by women. The status of these women will be examined. Some of them must have been prostitutes, but of a higher class than those found in the praesidia along the roads to Myos Hormos or to Berenice.

Plenary Session L’apporto dei papiri alla storia di Atene: il papiro londinese della Costituzione degli Ateniesi di Aristotele

Luciano Canfora Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro

Il grande incremento alla conoscenza della storia costituzionale, e in parte anche politica, di Atene fino alla “restaurazione democratica” venne dalla sco - perta (1891) e dalla faticosissima edizione dell’ Athenaion politeia attribuita ad Aristotele, ma palesemente opera di scuola. Contributo ancora maggiore venne dalla seconda parte dell’opuscolo, contenente la descrizione del funzionamento della città.

• 33 • Ma il racconto della storia costituzionale, se è pregevole per i documenti che tra - scrive o parafrasa, appare difettoso per quel che riguarda il tessuto narrativo che collega i vari documenti. Ciò risulta in modo evidente nei capitoli 29-34, relativi alla vicenda dei Quattrocento (411 a.C.), dove il racconto di Tucidide, testimone oculare, prevale nettamente. In quei capitoli il testo della Athenaion politeia è macchiato anche da un guasto testuale che ne ha penalizzato l’attendibilità: il ripristino dell’ordine del testo ci restituisce un documento di estrema importanza, la costituzione terameniana.

The Formula ‘I am’ in the Greek Magical Papyri. The ‘Divine Role’ of the Magician

Isabel Canzobre Martínez Universitat Pompeu Fabra

One of the main characteristic of the recipes of the Greek Magical Papyri is the melding of many attributes originating from different traditions and beliefs, but there is one element that brings them together: the attempt to communicate with the deity. In order to achieve this goal, the magical language of the PGM has a large number of formulas that facilitate the interaction between the prac - titioner and the superior entities. One of these formulas is ἐγώ εἰμί , used by the prayer for establishing communication with divinities in a very special way: identifying himself with an entity and adopting a ‘divine’ role, as an attempt to equate their status and to incorporate the capabilities and power of the entity. Besides, this trick makes more likely that the gods care for his needs and, if needed, forces them to appear against their will. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this paper is to identify the terminology reinforcing the ‘divine iden - tification’ and to analyze how it affects the magical recipes in which they are inserted.

• 34 • Plenary Session Pubblicare papiri ercolanesi oggi

Mario Capasso Università del Salento

I notevoli progressi nella ricerca sui papiri della così detta Villa Ercolanese dei Pi - soni degli ultimi decenni hanno consentito di affinare la metodologia ecdotica di questi testi. Due sono i progressi più significativi. Il primo è rappresentato dai si - stemi di ricostruzione dei volumina originali, basati sostanzialmente su calcoli matematici, sull’esame dei materiali, sull’analisi dei testi e sulla documentazione di archivio. Sotto questo aspetto un ruolo importante ha avuto la ricostruzione del meccanismo di “scorzatura” dei rotoli e del rapporto tra le “scorze” ed il resto dei volumina . L’altro aspetto importante è rappresentato dall’uso delle fotografie digitali multispettrali, che costituiscono un eccellente strumento di lavoro, ma non possono sostituire l’esame degli originali.

La rivolta ebraica sotto Traiano: papirologia e storia

Livia Capponi Università di Pavia

Nella mia relazione presenterò alcuni testi papiracei di contenuto storico, collegati alla rivolta della diaspora ebraica sotto Traiano, oggetto del mio ultimo studio ( Il mistero del Tempio , Roma: Salerno Editrice 2018). Tenterò una ricostruzione cro - nologica della prima fase della rivolta, cioè della stasis ad Alessandria nel 115, se - condo le parole di Eusebio ( HE 4.2.1-5), attraverso i documenti papiracei più importanti. Considererò l’editto del prefetto Rutilio Lupo datato 14 ottobre 115 (P.Mil.Vogl. II 47 = Musurillo, Acts cit., ix Recensione C, pp. 59-60 e 194-5, CPJ 2.435), e tenterò di spiegarlo da un punto di vista cronologico e logico collegan - dolo con gli Acta Pauli et Antonini (Musurillo 1954, ix, pp. 49-60, 179-195), testo erroneamente ricondotto ad Adriano (anche da Vega Navarrete 2017, 198) e ai postumi della rivolta, mentre tratta di un processo di fronte a Traiano all’inizio delle ostilità. Il processo ad Antonino, con Paolo di Tiro come avvocato, si rico - struisce da BGU I 341, frammento del III secolo dal Fayyum, con i resti di una colonna, insieme a P.Louvre 2376 bis + P.Lond. inv. 1 frammenti dello stesso ro - tolo di papiro, contenente sei colonne di testo. La scrittura è datata da Musurillo

• 35 • fra il 117 e il 157 d.C. sulla base di un confronto con PSI X 1063 (117 d.C.) e PSI X 1110 (157 d.C.). L’identificazione dell’imperatore con Adriano era basata su una congettura interamente ricostruita dal Crönert sul nome del prefetto d’Egitto (Rammio?) in P.Lond. inv. 1 verso 3 e dunque non è più accettabile. In - fine, prenderò in considerazione P.Oxy. XLII 3023, frammenti di un processo di Antiocheni davanti a un imperatore il cui protagonista è chiamato Claudio Ati - liano; argomenterò che il processo avvenne alla presenza di Traiano ad Antiochia durante la spedizione partica del 113-117, e culminò nella condanna capitale di un magistrato romano locale, Claudio Atiliano, che aveva fatto uccidere illegal - mente alcuni giudei. Gli eventi in questione, per quanto frammentari e poco do - cumentati, sono riconducibili a mio avviso al festival ebraico detto Yom Tyrianus , che appunto celebra la morte di un persecutore (Atilianus/Tyrianus), ordinata dall’imperatore Traiano, prima che la stasis degenerasse in polemos .

Poster Of texts and sherds: papyrological and ceramological approaches to Coptic ostraka

Clementina Caputo, Jennifer Cromwell Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Manchester Metropolitan University

Ostraka , especially on potsherds, are found at sites throughout Egypt, their use being ubiquitous for a range of day-to-day writing. Publications of ostraka , unsur - prisingly, focus on the texts themselves. However, examination of the very material of the sherds can illuminate a range of extra-textual features that make significant contributions to our understanding of ancient scribal culture. The environment in which texts are produced is a vital factor in influencing the use of material on which scribes wrote. An equally important role is played by the available techno - logical knowledge and the degree to which this permeated the communities pro - ducing the ostraka . When dealing with texts on pottery – one of the most common of materials around the ancient world – was the choice of the type of potsherd haphazard or was it chiefly dictated by codified use of materials or practical needs? In the case of the latter, can these practical needs be identified and how does such data inform our interpretation of the production of daily life texts? In this poster, we will present key case studies of Coptic ostraka from late antique and early Islamic Egypt (broadly the 6 th to 8 th centuries), demonstrating what information can be obtained by combining papyrological and ceramological data.

• 36 • Scoperte recenti nel codice copto XVI del Museo Egizio di Torino

Nathan Carlig Sapienza Università di Roma

Nell’ambito del progetto ERC Advanced Grant “PAThs” (www.paths.uniroma1.it) ospitato dalla Sapienza Università di Roma, è in preparazione un catalogo completo, a cura di T. Orlandi, P. Buzi e il sottoscritto, dei codici papiracei copti del Museo Egizio di Torino. Il riesame completo del materiale compiuto tra il 2017 e il 2019 ha portato alla luce parecchie novità che sono state integrate nei varî database svi - luppati nel progetto “PAThs”. In questa sede saranno presentate le scoperte effettuate nel codice XVI, che è stato possibile ricostruire quasi integralmente, con particolare attenzione ai testi in esso identificati di recente.

Aspetti della famiglia “greca” nelle richieste di epikrisis di adolescenti nell’età romana

Gerardo Casanova Università Cattolica di Milano

Gli ellenofoni di origine straniera costituivano una popolazione probabilmente di alcune decine di migliaia di persone. L’ordinamento romano riconosceva a que - sta popolazione una serie di privilegi, soprattutto di carattere fiscale. Ci è perve - nuta più di una settantina di richieste di epikrisis (esame/selezione), rivolte dagli interessati all’autorità, per il ragazzo che si voleva inserire nelle categorie privile - giate all’età di tredici/quattordici anni (ossia prima che diventasse fiscalmente maggiorenne). Esse riguardano categorie quali gli apo gymnasiou o i katoikoi tôn 6475 e provengono da alcuni centri della provincia d’Egitto, ossia Ossirinco, Pto - lemais Euergetis, Hermopolis Magna e Heracleopolis Magna. Da esse possiamo evidenziare aspetti significativi quali la consistenza dell’elemento greco, la com - posizione delle famiglie e il ruolo dei suoi membri (per esempio la predominanza maschile a Ossirinco), la loro compattezza o la crisi di disgregazione interna del nucleo familiare quale si riscontra a Ptolemais Euergetis, l’incidenza e il significato dell’endogamia in particolare ad Hermopolis Magna.

• 37 • Panel Lease for a Single-Room House in 6th century Oxyrhynchus

Serena Causo Ghent University

P.Wash.Univ. inv. 367 is a Byzantine lease contract of a single room house (μονόχωρον ) from the properties of the Church called apa Ierakionos in the city of Oxyrhynchus. The document consists of two non-contiguous fragments. The central part is missing, but the formulaic nature of the document helps us to sup - plement most of the text. The document is drafted in the form of epidochai and it is exemplary of Oxyrhynchite lease contracts of this type. A noteworthy aspect of the document is the date clause, in which the latest use of the postconsulate of Flavius Philoxenus is attested (Feb. 26, 527).

A Jewish-Christian Codex? P.Oxy. IV 656 Revisited

Juan Chapa University of Navarra

P.Oxy. IV 656 corresponds to several fragments of four leaves from a papyrus codex containing Gen 14:21-23, 15:5-9, 19:32-20,11, 24:38-47, 27:32-41, dated to the end of the second or the beginning of the third century. On the one hand, it is generally thought to be a Jewish production on the basis of the tendency of the preserved text to omit the name of God and, above all, the blank space left by the scribe so that, apparently, the tetragrammaton in Hebrew could be later in - troduced. On the other hand, the codex format would seemingly suggest a Chris - tian origin. In this paper, questions related to the dating of this codex are studied together with other features and circumstances that may help to determine to what extent there was an interaction between Jewish and Christian palaeograph - ical and codicological practices.

• 38 • Witnesses in the Surety Contracts of the Jouguet Collection

Marie-Pierre Chaufray CNRS-Ausonius, Bordeaux

The ERC project GESHAEM (StG 758907), The Graeco-Egyptian State: Hel - lenistic Archives from Egyptian mummies , studies the Ptolemaic administrative archives from the Fayyum discovered in mummy cases by P. Jouguet in 1901- 1902. In 1973, F. de Cenival published 63 surety contrats. Since then, other fragments and new documents have been identified and joined by W. Clarysse in the Jouguet collection, so that the corpus now amounts to c. 200 documents. In these texts, dating from 262 to 209 BC, private persons guarantee that other individuals will pay a sum of money to the Crown, or remain in a village for a specific task linked to a state monopoly (brewing, oil production, etc.). For one debtor, several sureties were needed. The documents were written in demotic in front of three or four witnesses, and archived on the back in Greek by the ad - ministration. F. de Cenival studied the legal formulae, the officials, the guaran - tors and the debtors but nothing has been done on the witnesses. My paper aims at studying those people, named at the end of the contracts, in order to measure the involvement of villagers in those specific bonds.

The Unpublished Documents of the Memphite Archive at the Russian National Library

Elena Chepel University of Vienna

The so-called ‘Archive of the Memphite official’ (Trismegistos archive 403) dat - ing from III CE consists of 107 fragments that were found by locals near Saqqara in 1853 and later distributed between three collections in Berlin, Leipzig, and Saint Petersburg. The Berlin and Leipzig parts were published in 1865 by G. Parthey and in 1885 by C. Wessely, respectively. The 15 fragments housed at the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg were described in a catalogue in 1864 and were scheduled for publication (with proper papyrolog - ical editions and commentary) by G. Zereteli in Papyri russischer und georgischer

• 39 • Sammlungen . However, only five documents got eventually included (P.Ross.Georg. I 22, III 26, V 5, 19, and 56). In this paper, I present my editions of the ten inedita and attempt to trace links between the documents in all the three parts of the archive, taking into account the new material. When studied as a whole, this archive provides valuable and unique historical evidence of Memphis in III CE, since other papyrological sources from this region during Roman era are almost non-existent.

Some Odor of Frankincense

Robert Cioffi, Yvona Trnka-Amrhein Bard College, University of Colorado

In this paper we provide a preliminary study of Bibl. Nat. Paris 1294, an illus - trated papyrus often identified as a fragment of Greek novel. After presenting our text, we build on Stephens and Winkler’s suggestion that the text may in fact be a Jewish or Christian martyrology. Beginning from the one character with a clearly legible name, Δημήτριος , our paper aims to locate the text among the multiple traditions of prose fiction that flourished in the first centuries CE. By analyzing the papyrus’ language, content, and onomastics, we argue that it should be understood within the vibrant culture of politicized historical fiction illustrated by martyrologies, the Acta Alexandrinorum , and apocalyptic prophe - cies. It has often been noted that fictional texts of the Roman imperial period are particularly interested in the relationship between text and image. In the final third of our paper, we consider how the papyrus’ illustrations relate to con - tent, situating the papyrus within the corpus of illustrated papyri that has re - cently been expanded by papyri from Oxyrhynchus and elsewhere. By contextualizing this papyrus that has intrigued many but resisted interpretation for almost a century, our paper seeks to contribute to an understanding of the development of prose fiction in the first centuries CE, and to the relationship between text and image on ancient papyrus rolls.

• 40 • Nouvelles recherches sur les papyrus du « lot Melaerts »

Garance Clapuyt Université libre de Bruxelles

En 1986, avec l’appui de la Vrije Universiteit Brussel, les Musées royaux d’Art et d’Histoire de Bruxelles ont acquis auprès de M. Fackelmann un lot de 70 papyrus ptolémaïques tirés de cartonnages de momies, désormais connus sous le nom de « lot Melaerts ». Ces documents, pour la plupart toujours inédits, ont d’abord été étudiés par Henri Melaerts (1957-2017) et font actuellement l’objet de ma thèse de doctorat. Je présenterai quelques papyrus qui nous apportent des informations nouvelles sur l’administration de la méris de Polémon à l’époque lagide.

A receipt confirming a refund and updating the term in office of Marcus Petronius Honoratus, Praefectus Aegypti

Nahum Cohen Achva Academic College:

P.Berol. inv. no. 25143 is a new document to be presented here for the first time. It is a receipt confirming the refund for the price of pyros synagorasticos , (Lat. fru - mentum emptum ), which was a special levy of wheat or burly imposed on Egyptian farmers by the government in Roman Egypt. A very short history of this tax will be delivered. The papyrus sheet itself is highly fragmentary (three long strips highly holed and with many lacunas, but attached to one another). The text, how - ever, can be generally reconstructed, not in detail though, out of which a more or less clear picture of its contents may be presented. This manuscript also refers to events occurring during the 11 th and 12 th regnal years of Antoninus Pius, CE 147/148 and CE 148/149. In the course of this pe - riod two Roman officials are known to have governed the province of Egypt, Lu - cius Valerius Proculus and Marcus Petronius Honoratus, who succeeded him. P. 25143 adds an important piece of in formation in this matter probably attesting that Honoratus was still in office in the summer of CE 149. This significantly closes the current known “black” gap between the governorship of Honoratus and that of his successor, Lucius Munatius Felix. As there are still uncertain read - ings and some unresolved issues in the text, it is my hope that the participants will assist me to overcome some of these difficulties.

• 41 • Le titolature dei buleuti: ancora sulla gerarchia tra archai

Lucia Consuelo Colella Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Fin dai primi studi sulla vita municipale egiziana ci si è interrogati sull’utilità delle titolature magistratuali per l’individuazione di una Rangordnung tra le archai . L’ordine in cui appaiono citate determinate magistrature nelle titolature è stato usato, con varie conclusioni, come argomento per affermare la superiorità di un’ arche rispetto ad un’altra, in base all’assunto per il quale la sequenza in cui si trovano menzionate due o più magistrature, se ricorrente, rispecchierebbe la loro reciproca posizione gerarchica. L’esame delle titolature dei buleuti nel III secolo porta a ritenere che un ordine ricorrente di menzione delle archai , pur con dei margini di variazione da metropoli a metropoli, sia effettivamente ravvisabile e che esso possa costituire un indizio per individuare, almeno a livello formale, i rapporti gerarchici tra le magistrature superiori. L’intervento sarà focalizzato sulla documentazione proveniente dall’Arsinoite.

Inks for papyri, inks of papyrus: recipes from the Arabic world

Claudia Colini University of Hamburg

Papyrus was in use in the Islamic world until the 11 th century and few ink recipes collected from treatises about the art of the books are dedicated to this support. But papyrus was also burnt in order to obtain soot used as an ingredient for a particular type of ink ( midād al-qarāṭīis ). In this talk I will give an overview of the recipes – in particular those by ar-Rāzī –, their context and transmission in order to evaluate this double nature of papyrus, which is considered at the same time a writing support and a material to be recycled. Moreover, I will discuss what kinds of ink are most likely to be found, according to these literary sources, on Arabic manuscripts and documents written on papyrus and compare them to the typologies mentioned for paper and parchment. These results are the premises of a research project starting at the beginning of 2019, in which a number of dated fragments from several European institutions will be analysed with non-destructive techniques in order to establish a profile of the main writing media used in the early centuries of the Islamic Era.

• 42 • P.Lips. inv. F 36r: frammento inedito di glossario

Daniela Colomo University of Oxford

P.Lips. inv. F 36r , forse proveniente da Saqqara e vergato in una Maiuscola Biblica accuratamente eseguita, contiene i resti di un lessico. Vi si possono distinguere termini decisamente poetici e l’intervento di una seconda mano piuttosto infor - male. Il verso del papiro è stato riutilizzato per un testo stenografico.

The Pisais Network: Organizing Religious Land in the Rural Fayum

Andrew Connor Monash University

In this talk, I survey the evidence for economic activities in the epoikion of Pisais. This settlement was located on the southern shore of the Birket Qarun in the Fayum but seems to have been strongly connected to the Temple of Soknopaios in Soknopaiou Nesos. I argue that, despite their position on the northern shore of the Birket Qarun, that is, on the other side of the lake from the rest of the Ar - sinoite nome, the priests of Soknopaios were able to manage their far-flung prop - erty through a site like Pisais, which could serve as a regional processing center for temple land south of the lake. This arrangment allowed for the oversight of collection and processing without requiring the costly transportation of raw ma - terials to Soknopaiou Nesos itself. I further argue that the presence of primary processing sites at Pisais and elsewhere reflects a network that also took in sec - ondary processing sites in Soknopaiou Nesos itself, and that, along with other references in the Greek and Demotic texts, highlights the deep interconnectedness of Soknopaiou Nesos and sites on the southern side of the Birket Qarun.

• 43 • Formule poco attestate nelle lettere di epoca greco-romana

Eleonora Angela Conti Università di Firenze

Questo contributo nasce da un’indagine sistematica svolta sul materiale epistolare all’interno della collezione dei Papiri della Società italiana conservati presso l’Isti - tuto Papirologico “G. Vitelli”. Dallo spoglio di questo materiale sono state indi - viduate alcune formule iniziali e finali che presentano un numero limitato di attestazioni. Analizzare queste espressioni, l’epoca in cui sono attestate e la tipo - logia di lettere in cui ricorrono porta a considerazioni sul contenuto e sul contesto storico e sociale di questi documenti.

L’administration au Mons Claudianus : de Trajan à Antonin

Diane Coomans Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

La gestion du Mons Claudianus et des praesidia des alentours (Raima et Tibe - rianè), l’organisation des travaux d’extraction de la granodiorite et la direction des ouvriers étaient entre les mains d’une administration complexe, bien connue sous les règnes de Trajan et d’Antonin. Si certaines fonctions ont pu se maintenir telles quelles, d’autres ont été amenées à disparaître ou à évoluer ; de nouvelles, enfin, ont été créées. Dans la communication, je chercherai à comparer les struc - tures administratives des deux périodes, à partir des ostraka du Mons Claudianus déjà publiés et de documents inédits du même site.

• 44 • Poster Papyri.info: an update

James M.S. Cowey University of Heidelberg

The poster will include an update on the volumes fully incorporated into papyri.info, present areas of work and possible future developments.

Autographs Again

Raffaella Cribiore Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York

My paper will attempt to shed some light on questions concerning autographs, partial autographs, ideographs, and master copies. It will consider the two Enco - mia of a professor at Berytus, which should be dated to the fourth century CE (MP 3 1851; TM 64374; BKT V 1, 82-93; P.Berol. inv. 10558-10559). They com - memorate a scholar who was born in Smyrna, taught rhetoric in Berytus, and died in Constantinople where he had been offered a chair of rhetoric. Several scholars, among which were Pasquali, Dorandi and Cavallo, debated the question whether these were autographs or master copies and all of them excluded the pos - sibility of autographs. This paper argues that we do not have to suppose manda - torily that a scribe wrote the texts. A professor of rhetoric might have composed and written the Epicedia correcting them on the way.

Poster Overview of Équipe Fonds Jouguet Démotique, EFJD

Aurélie Cuenod PSL Université, Paris

Since 2009 a team of researchers (Équipe Fonds Jouguet Démotique, EFJD) has been working on the Demotic papyri of the Jouguet Collection in the Papyro - logical Institute of the Sorbonne University, Faculty of Arts & Humanities. These

• 45 • papyri have been discovered in mummy cartonnage excavated in the Fayyum by Pierre Jouguet in 1901-1902. Most of them are dated from the 3 rd century BC and were part of administrative archives (contracts and letters but mainly ac - counts, lists and land surveys). They help to understand the tax system and eco - nomic policy under the first Ptolemies. Their fragmentary state and deterioration due to the plaster of the cartonnage make them difficult to decipher, which ex - plains why they remained largely unpublished. A first volume was released in 2016 (M.-P. Chaufray, St. Wackenier, eds), Papyrus de la Sorbonne, P. Sorb. IV n°145-160 , Paris) and the team is currently working on a new publication. The EFJD works in close relation with the ERC project GESHAEM that allows ex - tensive restoration and a better overall knowledge of the corpus through the con - struction of a digital database. The poster presents an overview of the EFJD’s work and results achieved so far.

Στίππιον κογχισθέν Hélène Cuvigny CNRS-IRHT

The phrase occurs in P.Yale IV 186 (VII p). It will be demonstrated that, in most contexts, στίππιον should not be translated «oakum/stuppa/Werg/étoupe », and that κογχίζειν refers to a process which has nothing to do with dyeing.

Egyptian Greek: A Prestige Contact Variety

Sonja Dahlgren University of Helsinki

Generally, typologically similar languages borrow structures more easily than ty - pologically different ones. In contact varieties arisen through conquest, however, borrowing is mostly limited to the phonological level, likely resulting from the combination of prestige effect and the typological difference between the lan - guages. For example, Egyptian Greek seems to have spread as a contact variety

• 46 • among L2 Greek users. Besides technical terminology, it mostly involves phono - logical transfer; for example, consonant-to-vowel coarticulation transferred from Egyptian onto Greek. At the same time, Coptic has loanwords from almost all Greek grammatical categories. The same asymmetry also applies to e.g. Indian English with individual culture-related words ( jungle ) but heavy replacement of English phonemes with L1 ones, while Hindi has much English code-switching and borrowed vocabulary. These contact situations possess some common factors. First, the language of the conquerors became the prestige language of the society. Second, attachment of L2 users to own culture remained strong; third, learning the prestige language was socially beneficial.

Per un’edizione del P.Herc . 89/1383 (Philodemus, Opus incertum )

Marzia D’Angelo Università di Pisa

I P.Herc . 89 e 1383 costituiscono rispettivamente la parte superiore e inferiore dello stesso rotolo, fratturatosi approssimativamente a metà della sua altezza. En - trambi i papiri non sono mai stati oggetto di uno studio sistematico a causa del loro cattivo stato di conservazione e del grave disordine stratigrafico che li carat - terizza, che impedisce la lettura continua del testo. L’intervento intende mostrare alcuni risultati preliminari della ricerca in corso finalizzata a un’edizione com - plessiva del rotolo. In particolare, attraverso la scelta di un caso esemplare, si mo - strerà come il ripristino virtuale di sovrapposti e sottoposti può contribuire alla lettura e al recupero di porzioni di testo più ampie. Il rotolo restituisce un nuovo testo teologico di Filodemo, che rivela importanti punti di contatto con le altre opere sugli dèi della biblioteca ercolanese.

• 47 • P.Monts.Roca. inv. 318 + 794: a new enteuxis from Montserrat

Alba de Frutos García Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Among the unpublished Ptolemaic Greek papyri kept at the Roca-Puig Collection in Montserrat there are two fragments that happened to belong to the same doc - ument. These fragments contain the upper and bottom left half of a petition ad - dressed to the Kings. This enteuxis comes from the Arsinoite and has been dated to the 2 nd cent. BC. As participant in a wider research project devoted to the edi - tion of Greek documentary texts belonging to the Roca-Puig Collection, in this contribution I shall present the edition and the commentary of this enteuxis with a focus in its both textual and historical dimensions. In addition, I shall discuss the type of copy in which this enteuxis has been preserved.

Sulla paleografia del P.Herc. 989

Angelica De Gianni Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Il P.Herc. 989, inedito, contiene i resti di un libro dell’opera capitale di Epicuro. I rotoli che conservano l’opera del Maestro del Giardino sono stati più volte ana - lizzati sotto l’aspetto paleografico e, a partire dalle osservazioni di Cavallo, si è portati a credere che alcuni di essi, riferibili ad un arco temporale che va tra il III- II e il II-I sec. a.C., facessero parte di uno stesso progetto editoriale all’interno di un primitivo fondo bibliotecario. A partire da queste considerazioni, intendo sof - fermarmi sull’aspetto paleografico e sulla mise en page del testo nel quale, in spazi ben definiti, si riescono ad individuare ben tre mani di scrittura delle quali ana - lizzerò le caratteristiche e le funzioni.

• 48 • Who is who and who did what in late seventh and early eighth century Aphrodito? Tax documents and prosopography

Janneke de Jong Radboud University Nijmegen

The late seventh and early eighth century archive from Aphrodito, preserving more than 400 documents in three languages (Greek, Coptic, Arabic), offers a unique glimpse in the fiscal administration and the linguistic landscape on the local level in Egypt under Umayyad rule. Another aspect that deserves to be ex - amined is Aphrodito’s social composition. The papyri contain thousands of names, which have not yet been thoroughly studied. Apart from their onomastic value, these names have the potential to be investigated for social relations in Aphrodito. In my paper, I will discuss whether and how the fiscal documentation can be used to study social relations underlying Aphrodito’s fiscal-administrative management, focusing on the identification of individuals and groups and on connections between texts. The ultimate goal of analyzing the relevant data in a prosopographical study is to assess the relative place of individuals and groups that can be distinguished in Aphrodito and in this way get a better understanding of the functioning of Aphrodito as a (tax) community.

Papyrus coptes et grecs du fonds Lefort à Louvain-la-Neuve

Alain Delattre Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

L’Université catholique de Louvain possède une collection d’une cinquantaine de papyrus et de parchemins acquis par Louis-Théophile Lefort en 1946. Les pièces documentaires, rédigées en copte ou en grec, restent pour la plupart inédites. Plu - sieurs textes se révèlent particulièrement intéressants, notamment des contrats grecs d’Aphroditê, des documents fiscaux du monastère de Baouît et une lettre écrite en copte par un musulman.

• 49 • Une entreprise problématique: la reconstruction de colonnes centrales de La Calomnie de Philodème

Daniel Delattre, Annick Monet CNRS-IRHT Paris

La reconstruction de ce papyrus (P.Herc.Paris. 2), “ouvert” à Naples en 1986 avec la “méthode d’Oslo” et aujourd’hui conservé en 283 fragments, est de plus en plus difficile au fur et à mesure que l’on remonte depuis les colonnes finales vers le début du rouleau. En effet, les frustula étant de plus en plus étroits et déformés, la multiplication des sotto - et sovrapposti rend fort délicat le rapprochement des fragments entre eux – moins malaisé quand les morceaux sont plus conséquents, comme le sont ceux de la fin du volumen – en vue d’obtenir des séquences cohé - rentes de texte. Nous présenterons quelques passages récemment reconstruits dans la partie centrale du papyrus.

Il P.Herc. 986: un libro morale di Filodemo?

Gianluca Del Mastro, Giuliana Leone Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Il P.Herc. 986, svolto nel 1802 e oggi conservato in 26 pezzi suddivisi in 15 cor - nici, fu solo parzialmente disegnato nel corso dell’Ottocento (crr 1-6) ed è per la maggior parte inedito. Nel Catalogo dei Papiri Ercolanesi pubblicato sotto la dire - zione di Marcello Gigante nel 1979 lo stato di conservazione del papiro è definito «cattivo», e il papiro stesso «poco leggibile». Di fatto, in molti pezzi la superficie papiracea appare stratigraficamente sconvolta e talora abrasa, probabilmente a causa di uno svolgimento reso arduo dalla compressione «in varie guise» che aveva interessato il rotolo. Del papiro, vergato secondo Cavallo verso la fine del I sec. a.C., non è conservata la subscriptio , ma ci sono indizi che lo riconducono a una paternità filodemea, come hanno dimostrato le prime ricerche da noi condotte. Vengono qui prese in esame alcune colonne del rotolo, in vista della prima edi - zione critica complessiva.

• 50 • Hypercorrect Use of iota adscript in Greek Documentary Papyri: a Historical-Sociolinguistic Approach

Geert De Mol Ghent University

The aim of this contribution is to develop an approach to explain orthographic variation in Greek documentary papyri from a historical sociolinguistic perspec - tive, in particular the hypercorrect use of the iota adscript. The variation between Greek long consonants ( α, η, ω) in their simple form on the one side and their combination with a iota adscript ( αι , ηι , ωι ) on the other side, in cases where the iota is historically redundant, forms a salient case of spelling variation in papyri from the post-classical era. Little research has been done on this subject: Clarysse (1976) and Vierros (2012) adopt a purely morphological point of view, whereas I will focus both on the linguistic as well as the social context in which the iota adscript appears. The use of the EVWRIT database, containing documentary pa - pyri from Egypt, dating from the 1st up to the 8th century CE, will allow auto - matic analysis combined with close reading of the source material. This will provide us with a fuller insight into the social relevance of orthography, an issue which has been intensively studied for modern languages in recent years ( e.g. Sebba 2012).

Trismegistos

Mark Depauw KU Leuven

In this workshop, we will demonstrate the Trismegistos website [www.trismegis - tos.org] in its new form. Several sections have been updated and now offer more advanced search and filter options, as well as some statistical overviews. The up - dated websites so far are:

– TM Collections: the present whereabouts of ancient sources; – TM Archives: ancient papyrus archives; – TM Places: all known places of the ancient world; – TM Authors: ancient literary authors and their works;

• 51 • – TM Editors: modern scholars who have published ancient sources; – TM Words: all words attested in the Greek papyri (lemmatized).

By the summer of 2019, the new version of Trismegistos’ main component, TM texts, should be finished as well. We will start with a short introduction of each section, demonstrating all available features. This will be followed by some short exercises for the participants to try out, and which we will then discuss in group. Participants will be encouraged to pose questions and comments throughout the workshop. Such feedback is ex - tremely valuable for us, since it allows us to stay up-to-date with the needs of scholars and helps us make the website more user friendly!

‘Marea’ ad Aegyptum: new excavations and new documents

Tomasz Derda University of Warsaw

An ancient urban settlement located on the southern shore of Lake Mariut about forty-five kilometres west of Alexandria has been excavated since the year 2000 by the mission of the Archaeological Museum in Cracow and the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw. The site has been provisionally baptized ‘Marea’ by its investigators; however, its identification with Marea of Herodotus and Thucydides remains uncertain. ‘Marea’ is one of the few archaeologically investigated sites in the north-western Egypt. Sixteen successive seasons of excavation have revealed evidence of habitation spanning the period from the third century BC until the 8 th century CE which offers an opportunity to study the history of the town and changes of its settlement patterns over a millennium. The disentanglement of these complex processes is the main objective of the project financed by the National Science Centre of the Re - public of Poland (‘Is “Marea” indeed Marea? Roman industrial centre and Byzantine city in the region of Mareotis’, NCN UMO-2017/25/B/HS3/01841). ‘Marea’ continuously provides new documents. In 2011, Polish archaeological team excavating the site discovered over a hundred inscribed pottery sherds. Dated to the second half of the sixth century CE, the ostraka , record refurbishment and construction works conducted on various sites in an urban setting which was al -

• 52 • most certainly none other than the town where the dossier was discovered. In 2018 another set (dossier) of documents was unearthed in room 54 in the basil - ica’s atrium. The documents, all in Greek, are to be dated to the 8 th century, both on the palaeographical and ceramological grounds, and thus document the last phase of the existence of the city.

Eraclide Pontico e la Pizia nell’ Academicorum Historia di Filodemo: osservazioni su P.Herc. 1021 coll. IX-X Dorandi

Dino De Sanctis Università di Pisa

La vita di Eraclide Pontico nell’ Academicorum Historia di Filodemo (P.Herc. 1021 coll. IX-X Dorandi) presenta caratteristiche significative sia per il contenuto ge - nerale del racconto sia per l’osservazione finale sul filosofo avanzata dall’autore che testimonia una personale volontà di correggere la fonte seguita. Lo stato la - cunoso delle colonne nella parte centrale della vita, tuttavia, non consente una comprensione precisa del racconto proposto da Filodemo, sebbene i parallelismi con la sezione dedicata a Eraclide in Diogene Laerzio (V 86-94) permettano di comprendere come doveva plausibilmente svilupparsi nelle linee generali questa parte dell’ Academicorum Historia . Quanto rimane della vita, infatti, si concentra essenzialmente sul profilo negativo di Eraclide, abile manipolatore, che avrebbe corrotto Cefisogene e la Pizia Delfica in un momento di siccità patita dagli abi - tanti di Eraclea (col. IX). La parte finale del βίος , invece, espone la morte di Era - clide in teatro per un incidente e quella della Pizia (col. X). Nella prima parte del mio intervento mi soffermerò sul testo della vita che alla luce della lettura autoptica del papiro, supportata dall’ausilio delle immagini multispet - trali, può essere sanato in numerosi punti, con acquisizioni nuove, per una com - prensione più nitida del testo. Tornerò sulla complessa correzione interlineare e marginale ΗΝΚΑΙΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΤΟΣ (col. IX 1-3), che appartiene a una mano diversa da quella dello scriba del rotolo. Mi soffermerò poi su col. X 8, nella quale una nuova lettura consente, a mio avviso, un inquadramento migliore del racconto sulla morte della Pizia. Nella seconda parte, invece, in breve cercherò di inquadrare la sezione su Eraclide all’interno dell’ Academicorum Historia , mettendo in evidenza l’andamento biografico-peripatetico che emerge dagli aneddoti qui presenti, secondo l’impianto narrativo tipico dello scritto sull’Accademia di Filodemo.

• 53 • A linguistic commentary on P.Oxy. 3860

Giuseppina di Bartolo University of Cologne

The documentary papyri belong to the most relevant and copious sources for the study of the everyday language of ancient Greek. They contain several construc - tions different from those of the literary language and allow us already to detect some tendencies of Greek that would become standard many centuries later. P.Oxy. LVI 3860, a private letter of the 4 th c. CE, will be analyzed as a significant sample text from the documentary papyri which indicates several phenomena re - lating to different linguistic domains. The primary goal of my paper is to show the major syntactic changes in Post-Classical Greek, starting from the evidence found in this private letter ( e.g. finite instead of non-finite complementation). Further corresponding examples from other private letters of the Roman and Byzantine Periods will be shown. In the second part of my paper, I will consider the phenomena relating to the do - main of morphology ( e.g. usage of prepositions) and especially to that of semantics (e.g. use of hapax legomena and Latin loanwords). Finally, I will suggest a new reading of a word in P.Oxy. LVI 3860.

Panel Medieval Coptic Manuscripts in Context: The Colophon of BL Or. 7029 and the Esna-Edfu Manuscripts (10-11th Centuries)

Jitse H.F. Dijkstra University of Ottawa

The Life of Aaron is one of the most interesting hagiographical works in Coptic literature. I am currently preparing a new critical edition of this text with J. van der Vliet, which will also include a translation and exhaustive commentary. Among the first fruits of our critical edition, I want to focus in this contribution on the colophon of our only complete, 10 th -century manuscript, British Library Or. 7029 (papyrus fragments of an earlier, 6 th /7 th century manuscript survive, Or. 7558 [89] [93] [150]). The manuscript was formerly in the British Museum and

• 54 • was made available online in 2015 due to a collaborative project with the British Library. We will start with presenting a re-edition of the text of the colophon, and will then discuss the evidence that it provides for the context in which the manuscript was produced. As we will see, the scribe was a member of a family of scribes and deacons from Esna that was also responsible for copying several other manuscripts in the Esna-Edfu collection (10 th -11 th century manuscripts all coming from the same area and currently housed in the British Library), and we will gain an idea of the milieu in which these scribes were operating.

Beyond ‘monopolies’: Ptolemaic State Involvement in Industry and Trade

Nico Dogaer KU Leuven

Since the publication of the so-called ‘Revenue Laws’, the dominant paradigm for the study of Ptolemaic industry and trade has been that of the ‘royal’ or ‘state’ monopolies. Although this notion has been criticized, the quintessential synthesis is still Claire Préaux’ L’économie royale des lagides (1939). In the meantime, many new papyri have been published. In this paper, it will be shown that although tax farming contracts shared certain characteristics, their practical implementation varied considerably according to the sector being taxed. This could include strict state control (as in the oil industry) and the granting of local monopolies ( e.g. in the case of some aromata), but as a general paradigm, ‘state monopoly’ is not helpful. Close scrutiny of papyri dealing with beer, for instance, dispels any notion of a ‘beer monopoly’. In addition, newly published demotic texts inform us about the involvement of temples in some of the sectors traditionally described as ‘mo - nopolized’. Only by combining the Greek and the Demotic evidence, we can come to a better understanding of the Ptolemaic fiscal system.

• 55 • A New Look at the Gnomon of the Idios Logos

Anna Dolganov University of Vienna

The so-called Gnomon of the Idios Logos , an epitomized version of an adminis - trative handbook for a fiscal procurator in Roman Egypt, is one of the longest and most important administrative texts surviving from the Roman Empire. It is also one of the most intriguing, preserved in a short fragment from Oxyrhynchus (P.Oxy. XLII 3014) as well as a long calligraphic papyrus from the Arsinoite nome (BGU V 1210), with an imperious preamble where an unnamed sender directs the epitome to an unnamed addressee. Where, when and why, exactly, this epit - ome was created, where it circulated and how it was used, and what the full ver - sion of the handbook looked like, remain open questions. In an effort to shed new light on these questions, this paper offers a new reading and interpretation of the Oxyrhynchus fragment of the Gnomon , with significant implications for our understanding of the document as a whole – both the epitomized version and the full version of the handbook that was originally created under Augustus and contains a large amount of legislative material from the Augustan Age.

Roll and Codex: The Format of the Magical Handbook

Korshi Dosoo, Sofia Torallas Tovar University of Würzburg, University of Chicago

The bulk of surviving Graeco-Egyptian magical handbooks date from the third to fifth centuries, a period that was also an important moment of transition in the history of the book format. From the second century on, magical, like literary texts shifted from being written on rolls, the traditional book-format of antiquity, to the newer codex format, while the fifth to sixth centuries saw the development of a third form, the rotulus, or vertical roll. Meanwhile, throughout the whole period, shorter recipes continue to be written on individual papyrus sheets, and, in some regions, on limestone or pottery ostraka. In this paper we will discuss the different formats used for magical handbooks, looking at the relationship between form and content, and comparing the uses of these formats for magical texts to their uses in other genres. We will ask whether magical handbooks represent a special case, or if they rather follow larger trends in book production.

• 56 • Late Antique Monasteries – Centers of Luxury Production?

Elizabeth Dosp ěl Williams, Marek Dosp ěl Dumbarton Oaks

Late antique monasteries are commonly associated with agricultural and low-end, daily-life craft production. Growing number of material evidence, including from controlled excavations, however, seems to suggest that early Christian monasteries were also involved in high-end, luxury crafts. Acknowledging that much of the evi - dence is still rather circumstantial, this paper will explore both archaeological and documentary sources for two particular groups of luxury goods, namely jewelry and fine textiles, especially textiles with inscriptions (both woven and penned in ink). While literary sources mention textiles being made in monasteries, they typically are not specific as to the kind or economic value of the product; and while there is scanty archaeological evidence for goldsmithing in some monasteries, it remains to be seen just how much light can papyrological evidence shed on this subject. Contesting the model of industrial, imperial workshops-centered production of luxury goods, we hope to introduce converging evidence from the 4 th through the 7 th century to support the initial thesis about monastic origins of certain high- end products and to draw conclusions relevant to contextual evaluation of these products and the economic role of monasteries.

Quittungsformular, Schreibergepflogenheiten und Personalstruktur im Steuereinzug von Elephantine zu römischer Zeit

Ruth Duttenhöfer Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung Berlin

Die römischen Steuerquittungen von Elephantine sind gekennzeichnet durch typ - ische Quittungsformulare, die über ihren begrenzten Inhalt hinaus explizite und implizite Hinweise auf den Einzugsmodus und die Personalstruktur im Steuereinzug der Region Syene/Elephantine enthalten. Die Analyse wird sich sowohl mit of - fiziellen Zusätzen der Quittungen als auch mit impliziten Hinweisen beschäftigen, die sich aus der Beobachtung von Schreibergewohnheiten und dem Wechsel in der Formulargestaltung über die Zeit von Augustus bis Commodus ergeben.

• 57 • Poster Pathyris in the Light of the Current Archaeological Research

Wojciech Ejsmond, Julia M. Chyla, Aneta Skalec University of Warsaw, University of Warsaw, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa

Pathyris is well known for its Ptolemaic papyri and Demotic ostraka , which enable some scholars to attempt reconstructions of the topography of the town and its surrounding. What the previous studies lacked was the detail spatial and archae - ological data regarding this area. The Gebelein Archaeological Project was initiated in 2013 and one of its aims is to fulfill this deficiency. The area of Pathyris was the subject of the field research during past years. This helped to locate the remains of the town and its temple. Archival data, like old photographs and unpublished plans, paired with the results of the current surveys enable project members to understand the topography of this centre. Wider stud - ies on the local archaeological landscape of Gebelein helped to locate Ptolemaic burials which may be related with this town. In the result, one can set the infor - mation form the literary sources in spatial context of the micro-region of Gebelein and the town of Pathyris as well.

Greek Names in Arabic Letters: Translation, Transliteration and Mishaps of Arabisation

El-Sayed Gad Tanta University, Egypt

The Arab conquests on the near east in the seventh century CE brought them in close contact with various cultures and civilizations. Although some of these were not entirely foreign to the Arabs, they had to face some problems dealing, for ex - ample, with the Arabisation of the names of peoples and places which they en - countered in the newly conquered regions. This paper studies how Greek names were written in Arabic letters starting with and in the light of the earliest Arabic Papyri. It argues that the process of Arabisation was by no means a direct nor two sided operation. Several factors should be considered and not least the develop - ment of the Arabic script itself in the seventh century CE. The paper also stresses

• 58 • that while the development of the ancient Greek language into Medieval Greek represents an important factor influencing how Arabs pronounced and wrote an - cient Greek names, the Coptic transliterations of some names are yet to be con - sidered, in particular, in explaining and studying the forms of some Greek names found in the early papyri from Egypt.

A Survey Study on a Selected Collection from the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. “Qasr Ibrim Manuscript Collection”

Eman Aly Selim Ain-Shams University, Cairo.

Qasr Ibrim collection is a very rich collection of a special importance. The Col - lection came from the excavations of the Egyptian Exploration Society at Nubia and housed at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. It kept in two tin boxes since 1967 till now and nothing was known about it. This paper will focus on the importance of this collection and making a deeply sur - vey to discover it, what is its content, quantity, the language and the material, etc.

Filosofia e παιδεία nei frammenti di lettere di Epicuro conservati nel P.Herc. 1005

Margherita Erbì Università di Pisa

Nello scritto di Filodemo conservato nel P.Herc. 1005 sette sono i frammenti che possono essere ricondotti alla produzione epistolare di Epicuro: fr. 81, 9-12, fr. 82, 10-11, fr. 110, 11-14, fr. 111, 6-12, fr. 114, 5-11, fr. 116, 1-12 (Angeli). Tali frammenti si inseriscono in una porzione del papiro estremamente lacunosa, bi - sognosa di una nuova indagine papirologica. L’analisi dei frammenti, anche alla luce di nuove letture, offre utili elementi per ricostruire un aspetto spesso trascu - rato della vita del Kepos: il contesto filosofico-culturale nel quale Epicuro sviluppa la sua παιδεία . In particolare i frammenti con richieste di libri documentano la

• 59 • circolazione di testi all’interno del Kepos e provano l’interesse di Epicuro anche per la produzione di altre dottrine filosofiche. I frammenti con una polemica verso gli avversari rivelano una critica serrata di Epicuro che tuttavia non prescinde dalla buona conoscenza del pensiero di coloro dai quali il Kepos prende le di - stanze. Emerge da questi passi il profilo di un maestro attento a guidare i φίλοι nella ricerca filosofica.

P.Heid. inv. 3069 verso: un lessico inedito

Elena Esposito Università degli Studi della Basilicata

P.Heid. I 207 (= P.Heid. inv. 3069 recto), pubblicato da Ernst Siegmann nel 1956 e attribuito al I sec. d.C., reca un frammento dell’orazione di Demostene, In Mi - diam . Sul verso del papiro si trova un testo di cui esistono brevi descrizioni, ma che è tuttora inedito. Si tratta di un lessico, con lemmi in ηλ- , ηπ- , ηρ- . Se ne proporrà una presentazione.

Zur virtuellen Rekonstruktion von Scorza-Stapeln

Holger Essler Universität Würzburg

Durch die Delattre-Obbink-Methode und die weiteren Erkenntnisse R. Jankos zum sollevamento kann heute der Textverlauf selbst von Papyri rekonstruiert wer - den, die durch mehrfache scorzatura geöffnet wurden. Das Ergebnis dieses Ansatzes ist ein Modell der geöffneten Rolle. Der Vortrag zielt demgegenüber auf ein virtuelles Modell der einzelnen scorze ab und zeigt, welche zusätzlichen Erkenntnisse sich daraus gewinnen lassen.

• 60 • Intorno a Padre Piaggio

Maria Rosaria Falivene Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’

The figure and vicissitudes of Padre Antonio Piaggio suggest a number of reflec - tions concerning ‘role play’ and ‘good practices’ in the field of papyrus conserva - tion and restoration.

Tolemeo III dal ritorno in Egitto al decreto di Canopo: tempi e ragioni di due visite nella chora

Lorenzo Fati Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”

Il periodo che va dalla fine della spedizione in Asia alla promulgazione del decreto di Canopo (OGIS 56) è cruciale nella storia del regno di Tolemeo III. In quegli anni Tolemeo visitò la chora in almeno due occasioni, nel 244 e nel 242. Tre do - cumenti privi di data, ma ascrivibili al periodo 243/242, alludono direttamente (P.Lond. VII 2056 e P.Tebt. III 748) o indirettamente (P.Tebt. III 749) ad un viaggio di Tolemeo nei nomoi Arsinoites e Oxyrhinchites. È stato ipotizzato che questa visita nell’Alto Egitto rientrasse nel tour che doveva inaugurare il suo regno, rinviato prima per la partecipazione alla guerra Laodicea, poi per lo scoppio di una seditio domestica (Iustin. XXVII 1, 9). Pur riconoscendo la plausibilità di que - sta tesi, per tale visita nella chora dell’Evergete vorrei suggerire un’altra spiegazione, sinora trascurata, riconsiderando P.Lond. VII 2056, P.Tebt. III 748, P.Tebt. III 749 e altri documenti coevi (tra cui P.Hib. I 81-82). Il riesame delle fonti ha per - messo inoltre di circoscrivere con più precisione la data in cui avvenne la visita di Tolemeo III a Philae (I.Philae I 4).

• 61 • To be or not to be: Support-verb constructions in early Byzantine Greek

Victoria Beatrix Fendel University of Cambridge, UK

Support-verb constructions (SVC) are a cross-linguistically attested type of verbal phrase (cf. Ronan 2012). Prototypical SVCs are combinations of a support verb (SV) and a predicative noun (PN) (cf. Langer 2005) such as English {to give} SV PN PN SV {a speech} or Greek { φόβον } {λαμβάνω } ‘to be afraid’. The PN carries the main semantic weight, whereas the SV has a primarily grammatical function (cf. Storrer 2009). With regard to Greek, SVCs as a type of verbal phrase are often overlooked or over - simplified (cf. Zilliacus 1956, 1967). However, considering SVCs is crucial since mistaking them for verb-object sequences would often alter the interpretation of a text. This paper seeks to explore SVCs with δίδωμι ‘to give’, ἔχω ‘to have’, λαμβάνω ‘to take / receive’, and ποιέω ‘to do / make’ in the sixth-century archives of the Api - ones of Oxyrhynchos (313 texts) and Dioskoros of Aphrodito (517 texts), a corpus that is composed of texts reflecting an array of registers and genres. Thus, analysis of the corpus will shed light not only on the range of SVCs in sixth century Greek, but also on register- and genre-related differences in their usage (cf. Biber and Conrad 2009).

Testimonianze peripatetiche nella Retorica di Filodemo

Mariacristina Fimiani Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

La Retorica di Filodemo di Gadara è una fonte inesauribile di testimonianze e ci - tazioni di autori di cui, a volte, poco o niente si conosce altrimenti. È questo il caso della Retorica del peripatetico Critolao di Faselide, un’opera per - duta di cui Filodemo riporta nove testimonianze sulle quindici totali che abbiamo. Nonostante l’esiguità di questi riferimenti, il Gadareno è una fonte imprescindi - bile per l’opera di Critolao e in generale per il Peripato, un fatto che non è più

• 62 • possibile ignorare dopo gli studi di Marcello Gigante, secondo il quale «Filodemo innesta sul tronco epicureo Aristotele e l’aristotelismo». Nel corso del mio intervento intendo soffermarmi su alcuni passi di particolare interesse in cui Filodemo fa riferimento alla concezione della retorica di Critolao.

Poster Dall’“infame inferno dei coccodrilli” ai P.Tebt.Pad.

Matilde Fiorillo - Università degli Studi di Padova

Presso il Museo di Scienze Archeologiche e d’Arte dell’Università di Padova è con - servata una collezione di papiri provenienti dagli scavi compiuti dalla Missione Archeologica Italiana a Tebtynis nei primi anni Trenta del Novecento. Per lungo tempo depositata e quasi dimenticata nei magazzini del Museo, negli anni Settanta la collezione, ora denominata con la sigla P.Tebt.Pad,, è tornata alla luce e, a partire dal primo decennio di questo secolo, viene progressivamente esplorata, studiata e valorizzata. Il poster, redatto in italiano e in inglese, intende illustrare i lavori compiuti e tuttora in corso sulla collezione, volti a chiarire la cronologia dei ri - trovamenti e la contestualizzazione archeologica dei papiri, il rapporto esistente tra i P.Tebt.Pad. e i papiri da Tebtynis conservati presso altre istituzioni italiane e straniere, le caratteristiche contenutistiche e materiali della collezione. Verranno date informazioni, infine, sul lavoro di conservazione, catalogazione, fruizione digitale ed edizione dei papiri patavini.

Two Ptolemaic papyri from the Stanford Classics Collection

Christelle Fischer-Bovet USC, University of Southern California – Los Angeles

The papyrus collection of the Department of Classics at Stanford University con - tains sixty-one Greek papyri, some fragmentary, from the Arsinoite nome ( c. 250- 150 BC). Half were published in the «Journal of Juristic Papyrology» XLII (2012)

• 63 • by Clarysse and Fischer-Bovet. Ten letters and six petitions are in preparation, two of them are presented here. The first is a petition to the oikonomos Poseidonios (inv. 5) by a royal farmer who is wronged by a tax-collector of the tax of wool in Mouchis for whom he was a surety for payment of 100 drachmas in the fishing business. The reading of some words and the two subscriptions still cause prob - lems. Of interest is the intersection between the wool and fishing industry, the high amount (it must still refer to silver), the mention of two oikonomoi whose names are known in the period 223-215 (Pros. Ptol. I 1063, 1079), the new title of πραγ ̣μ̣ατε ̣υ̣θέντα and the new village of Thmoinesei. The second text is an of - ficial letter (inv. 4) concerning the reception of oil-bearing product in Lysimachis, apparently followed by an account or list and mentioning an Osireion and Soucheion together, producing (or receiving?) oil.

Homeric Citations in the Early Columns of Philodemus’ On the Good King According to Homer (P.Herc. 1507)

Jeffrey Fish Baylor University

As is usually the case with Herculaneum papyri, columns near the beginning of the roll of Philodemus’ On the Good King According to Homer suffered the most damage and are the most difficult to read. Issues of multiple layers compacted together present particular challenges to the editor, since the same cornice some - times contains as many as five different layers. On the Good King is particularly rich in sovrapposti and sottoposti , as more than one hundred fragments can be vir - tually placed with precision. In the earliest part of the papyrus, placement of the fragments reveals citations from the Iliad that deal with the issue of kingly repu - tation, in particular the dangers that a king can bring upon himself by woman - izing. The newly discovered citations show that Philodemus was especially concerned with the lack of respect which is accorded to Paris by Hector, Helen, and Trojans and Achaeans in general. The text surrounding these Homeric quo - tations indicates that the discussion was framed in terms of the Epicurean theory of safety and friendship.

• 64 • The verses of Apollodorus’ Chronica (P.Herc. 1021, col. 26-32) Towards a new edition

Kilian Fleischer Universität Würzburg

Philodemus’ Index Academicorum is a book about Plato and the history of the Acad - emy (P.Herc. 1691/1021) which preserves much otherwise lost information. The papyrus scroll is a special case, inasmuch as it is a real author’s manuscript, Philode - mus’ draft version. Not least due to Multispectral images (MSI) and very recently made Hyperspectral images (HI) of the papyrus my forthcoming new comprehen - sive edition of the Index Academicorum will improve the text up to 20% in com - parison with previous editions and provide much new “hard facts” about Academics. A very interesting case are col. 26-32 where Philodemus copies a verbatim excerpt from Apollodorus’ Chronica , a work composed in iambic trimeters. It deals with Lacydes, his immediate successors, Carneades, Charmadas and other minor Aca - demics. So far the (partly) reconstructed trimeters amounted to around 80. I could restore or significantly improve about 30 verses revealing much new information. Also the structure of the excerpt and its relation to other passages in the papyrus could be illuminated. The verses of Apollodorus’ Chronica shall be published in a separate monograph including introduction and commentary.

Plenary Session Quelques réflexions (pas toujours politiquement correctes) sur l’édition papyrologique

Jean-Luc Fournet Collège de France

L’édition papyrologique n’a cessé d’évoluer depuis la publication du premier pa - pyrus au XVIII ème s. et, malgré la fixation des usages éditoriaux avec le système de Leyde (1931), elle continue de se modifier. Elle se perfectionne en même temps qu’elle s’adapte aux exigences sans cesse variables des sciences historiques et phi - lologiques mais aussi du contexte académique. En ce sens, elle est le reflet de la

• 65 • science et de son organisation. Il n’est donc pas illégitime de se demander si cer - taines évolutions sont bénéfiques et si certains ajustements ne seraient pas profi - tables. Que doit-on éditer, où et comment le faire ? Telles sont les trois questions sur lesquelles je proposerai quelques réflexions.

Un nuovo frammento papiraceo del Digesto : problemi di ricostruzione e trasmissione testuale

Marco Fressura Università degli Studi Roma Tre

La ricostruzione del testo di un frammento di codice papiraceo del Digesto di Giustiniano (VI sec.), da me recentemente identificato, evidenzia significative di - vergenze rispetto allo stesso luogo come attestato dall’autorevole codice F (Firenze, Biblioteca Laurenziana, s.n.). In questo modo, il frammento permette di riconsi - derare alcuni aspetti della tradizione testuale del Digesto fra tarda antichità e me - dioevo, particolarmente riguardo al rapporto di F con i manoscritti occidentali della cosiddetta Vulgata.

Before lingua franca. A note on multiple Arabic literacies in Early Islamic Egypt

Eugenio Garosi University of Basel

A language present but comparatively marginal in the pre-Islamic Near and Mid - dle East, Arabic belonged to the cultural adstratum imported into Egypt by the Arab conquerors. While Arabic supplemented the use of Greek and Coptic at the highest echelons of the provincial administration early on, at first only a small insular community of Arab expats used Arabic for short- and mid-distance private written exchange. In the first part of the paper, a preliminary edition of one of the earliest surviving documents of private Arabic correspondence, currently housed at the Austrian Na - tional Library in Vienna will be presented. In a second step, the document will be

• 66 • contextualized within the socio-economic environment of its conception. Particular attention will be devoted to the discriminative layout and formal features of Arabic informal literacy practices vis-à-vis coeval documents produced in the fiscal and of - ficial realm during the first century and a half of Arab rule over Egypt.

Linen traders in Byzantine Egypt

Jean Gascou Sorbonne Université

Linen has been a key Egyptian product since the Pharaonic times, but its economy is poorly documented in the Roman period. The contrast is striking when one compares this lack of evidence with the situation prevalent during the Byzantine and early Arabic centuries. Indeed, linen appears frequently then in the Greek, Coptic, Arabic papyri, and other sources (hagiographical). The documentary con - text is specific and may explain this apparent surge: the production and the con - ditioning of flax ( linokalame ), or semi-elaborated linen ( stippion ) appear above all in instruments of credit (deeds of loan, sales on delivery and the like). The money lenders and buyers are frequently traders ( pragmateutai ; emporeuomenoi ). The present lecture, based on new readings in some papyri, is devoted to the eco - nomic role of these figures, their social profile and their national and international range of activity. Two trade centers for linen emerge in the 6 th and 7 th centuries, Alexandria and Damietta.

P.Herc. 817 and the Augustan propaganda

Pier Luigi Gatti Università degli Studi di Napoli l’Orientale

P.Herc. 817 provides us with the remnants of an anonymous and anepigraphic poem about the capture of Egypt by Octavian in 30 BC. The surviving fragments have recently been interpreted as containing a critical text against Augustus. Con - versely, a correct reading of the text and especially, a contextualization of the poem in relation to the motives related with the Augustan propaganda, is very helpful

• 67 • to truly understand the author’s point of view and his positioning towards the princeps . Accordingly, the author depicts Octavian’s virtues – he is the direct suc - cessor of Julius Caesar and restrains his soldiers from plundering the city of Pelousios; on the opposite side Marc Anthony is the coniunx of Cleopatra. Finally, the queen of Egypt gazes fondly upon the Parthian kingdom, the offering pro - vided to her by Marc Anthony, and uses prisoners to test refined homicide method, with intent to commit suicide in the near future.

A New Commentary on Hesiod’s Theogony

Marius Gerhardt Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

In this paper I intend to present a so far unedited papyrus fragment kept in the papyrus collection in Leipzig/Germany. It contains two fragmentary columns of a so far unknown commentary on some verses of the beginning of Hesiod’s Theogony , which I will discuss and contextualize.

Archaeometric Study of Coptic Inks from Various Collections

Tea Ghigo Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)

The main aim of my research project is to record the technological evolution of writing inks in early Christian Egypt. In addition to its intrinsic value, our work supports palaeography and codicology. I will discuss cases of study that show how material characterization of inks helps distinguishing between different scribes or different writing phases. The results achieved so far, prove that iron-gall ink was in existence in Egypt on papyrus support during the late Antiquity. This disclaims the widespread opinion linking the iron-gall ink to parchment and European Middle Ages. Whether the kind of ink may have been at a certain point in time linked to the kind of text, remains to be verified.

• 68 • To better understand the technological and manufacturing context, we will dis - cuss the variety of inks identified on papyrus and parchment so far. Iron-gall inks containing exclusively iron, carbon inks containing also metals, and mixed inks – that could be a result of Arabic influence – co-existed in the same time. The further investigation will concern their geo-chronological distribution.

Severan Acclamations from Oxyrhynchus

Nikolaos Gonis University College London

The paper will offer a preliminary presentation of a number of diaries of officials and records of proceedings with acclamations for the emperors, their wives and mothers, and imperial functionaries. The texts date from the reigns of Septimius Severus and Sons, Elagabalus (?), and Severus Alexander.

The Palaeographical Dating of P-46/Chester Beatty II Revisited

Bruce W. Griffin Keiser University, Nicaragua

In a paper to the Society of Biblical Literature in 1996, I assigned Chester Beatty II (P-46) to c. CE 150-250. There has been much discussion of the date of this papyrus since then with important contributions coming from Don Barker and Orsini & Clarysse. In this paper, I seek to revisit these discussions with a special attention on the uncertainty of palaeographical dating in general and the special problems of Christian papyri.

• 69 • Panel The Jewish Quarter of Edfu: A Reconsideration

Noah Hacham The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

In his monumental survey of the history of the Jews in Egypt, V. Tcherikover wrote: “Wessely, when first publishing Jewish ostraka from Apollinopolis Magna (Edfu), applied the term ‘Ghetto’ to the Jewish quarter in this town. Juridically envisaged, this term is erroneous, since ‘ghetto’ presupposes that Jews were pro - hibited from settling outside it, and no such prohibition was ever issued by any Roman government. But taking the word in its wider sense – as a special quarter deliberately chosen by Jews – it is quite correct. We have reason for supposing that in the earlier period the Jews of Apollinopolis Magna were scattered all over the town, and that the conditions of a ghetto life began to develop only in the middle of the first century A.D. Of course, this tendency towards a ghetto life was a striking feature of the Jewish settlement in Egypt, from the very beginning … but now, after the bitter experiences of A.D. 38 and 66-70, the ‘ghetto’ became not only a home but a shelter as well” (‘prolegomena’, CPJ I, pp. 82-83). In my paper I will present the findings – both the new Greek ostraka from Edfu and the old ones – and shall try to show that there is no basis to define the Jewish presence in this town as a “ghetto”, and the whole picture does not differ from other Jewish localities of the Ptolemaic and early Roman periods.

Plenary Session Open access to papyrus collections and the future of editing papyri

Jürgen Hammerstaedt Universtät zu Köln

In the last 30 years, thanks to the rise of the internet, the development of easy and (hopefully) harmless methods of scanning and digital photography, and a considerable amount of funding, the images of many papyri are now easily ac - cessible worldwide, saving much time and trouble for those who work in Papy - rology and related disciplines.

• 70 • While this progress is very welcome, a dispute is arising about the access to un - published material. This dispute involves not only individual papyrologists but also institutions at which papyrological work is conducted. There are cases in which papyrus collections are digitized only under the condition that all material, including unedited papyri, be made freely accessible on the internet. On the other hand, some important papyrus collections choose to control the access to such digitalized documents. Problems arising from the different policies will be considered with an eye to their impact on the future of editing papyri.

A Neglected Papyrus in the Beinecke Library with thirty-three lines from Iliad 1

Ann Ellis Hanson Yale University

This papyrus in the Beinecke Library has been used for decorative purposes on several occasions, no doubt because of its attractive features – an entire column with top, bottom and right margins preserved for thirty-three lines of Iliad 1, written in a rounded and legible hand of the earlier second century CE [https://beinecke.library.yale.edu/collections/highlights/papyrus-collection-data - base]. About eight to ten letters are missing on the left margin. The papyrus’ pres - entation as P.Yale I 4 emphasizes its scribe’s tendency to attach an iota adscript to the long vowels eta and omega , in many instances erroneously. No transcript of the papyrus seems to have been made at any point, and I present one here that highlights fellahin actions that dressed it up for sale, and impeded, perhaps un - intentionally, production of a transcript over the course of the ninety years the papyrus was resident at Yale University.

• 71 • Les relations entre les associations gréco-romaines et les temples

Cassandre Hartenstein University of Strasbourg

Le phénomène des associations égyptiennes durant les périodes hellénistique et romaine est bien attesté au travers des sources textuelles (inscriptions et papyrus). Le rôle et la place de ces associations vis-à-vis des temples restent difficiles à défi - nir : par exemple, dans le cas des confréries dites « religieuses », l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces dernières constitueraient simplement une forme d’organisation interne des temples a été avancée à maintes reprises. La présente communication va tenter de jeter un éclairage sur cette question, en s’appuyant sur les textes grecs et dé - motiques, mais également sur les données archéologiques, telles que les bâtiments dans lesquels les associations se réunissaient, dans l’enceinte des temples.

Demades in an unpublished papyrus from Oxyrhynchus

Rosalia Hatzilambrou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

This paper presents an edition of a hitherto unpublished literary papyrus belonging to the Oxyrhynchus Papyri collection, assigned to the late second/early third century CE. The papyrus is of special interest because it could well preserve sections of a lost speech of an Attic orator, namely Hypereides, Dinarchus or Lycurgus.

Panel An Open House: The Public Face of the Michigan Papyrology Collection

Brendan Haug University of Michigan

The door of Michigan’s Papyrology Collection is always open. This policy man - ifests itself in frequent public tours, amounting to some 750 individual visitors

• 72 • in 2017-18. But although the Collection is open to all, tour groups overwhelm - ingly derive from local and regional Christian communities, most of whom come specifically to visit the leaves of the Chester Beatty Paul/Hebrews codex (P46). Many of these visitors arrive with considerable prior knowledge of this text, albeit derived from problematic sources. Most, however, know nothing either of Michi - gan’s other early Christian papyri or the broader world of ancient Christianity. Since 2014, I have worked to develop an approach to “Christian papyri” tours that respects the knowledge and interests of these groups but which also attempts to convey a clear and honest sense of current scholarship. At one level, then, this paper thus addresses the familiar problem of translating scholarly knowledge into public knowledge. Yet it also addresses the far more fraught issue of communi - cating past the widening cultural divide between secular academia and popular Christianity in the contemporary United States. I hope to demonstrate that Michigan Papyrology is a rare site of continued cultural contact and exchange between two groups that are elsewhere growing ever more estranged.

Artemidoro, un papiro da salvare

Cecilia Hausmann Istituto Centrale per il Restauro e la Conservazione del Patrimonio Archivistico e Librario, Roma

Il papiro di Artemidoro conservato presso il Museo di Antichità di Torino è stato oggetto di uno studio approfondito comprendente le attività di analisi diagnosti - che, conservazione e restauro presso i laboratori specializzati dell’Istituto Centrale del Restauro e la Conservazione del Patrimonio Archivistico e Librario (ICRPAL), a Roma. L’opera presentava una forte disidratazione e danni meccanici dovuti a parametri ambientali non idonei alla conservazione e alla forte pressione che i vetri esercitavano sul supporto. Le analisi diagnostiche sono state finalizzate al ri - conoscimento del grado di degradazione e all’individuazione dei prodotti e delle metodologie più idonee ai trattamenti conservativi e di condizionamento. L’in - tervento conservativo di restauro ha reso possibili un totale recupero dell’assetto strutturale del supporto e la completa leggibilità del papiro.

• 73 • Panel The Search for the Qumran Scribes

Gemma Hayes University of Groningen

Palaeographic research makes an interesting case for collaborations between the humanities and the computer sciences. The purpose of palaeography – a pivotal auxiliary science in the study of ancient manuscripts – is for dating manuscripts and for scribal identification. However, there are matters in question because of the problems associated with the explication of palaeographic reasoning. I will explore how machine learning offers a tool for palaeographers working on scribal identification to assess and explicate their palaeographic reasoning. I will discuss promising ways of overcoming the problems associated with scribal identification in the Qumran scrolls by using Artificial Intelligence.

The Role of the Epimeletes in Controlling the Royal Monopolies in Ptolemaic Egypt

Haytham A. Qandeil Ain Shams University, Cairo

The Epimeletes was an important official in the Ptolemaic administrative system. He had roles in leasing and collecting rent and arrears from royal land. He had a prominent role in controlling the operation of tax collecting and matters relating to securities for tax contractors. The Epimeletes also had judicial authorities in those issues affecting negatively the royal treasury. He was involved too in the process of grain tax transportation to Alexandria. One of his important duties is that of controlling the royal monopolies. In Ptole - maic Egypt the state extensively controlled various branches of the economy. The methods of conducting control over the manufacture and sale of many key prod - ucts are usually called royal monopolies. Our documents attest that the Epimeletes had a prominent role in directing the Ptolemaic monopolies. The monopolized products were put up into auctions by him. Salt, tanning, papyrus, and oil were royal monopolies mentioned in documents directed by the authority of the Epimeletes . He was also capable of punishing anyone who would break the mo - nopoly of any of the royal monopolies.

• 74 • P.Mich. inv. 196 verso Did friendly fire get the prefect Maximus in trouble?

Paul Heilporn, Nikos Litinas Université de Strasbourg, University of Crete

Both sides of P.Mich. inv. 196 will be published in the upcoming centenary vol - ume of the Michigan collection (see M. Sampson’s paper). Its recto bears part of a tax register dealing with pittakia : its provenance is obviously Theadelphia, and it ca be safely dated to the mid-2 nd century. Though fragmentary, the two main columns of the verso show an interesting scene, with two speakers respectively named Καῖσαρ and [Μ]άξιμο [ς]: such a setting belongs to the Acta Maximi , which purportedly report on the trial of the prefect C. Vibius Maximus by Trajan. This new fragment has the prefect not only discussing the difficulty and usefulness of his office, but also having to defend himself after trouble ( ταραχή ) led to the death of soldiers. Could this have led to his damnatio memoriae ? What does the new fragment bring to the debate on the status of the Acta Maximi – real-life ju - diciary proceedings or fiction?

A philosophical fragment from Oxyrhynchus

W. Benjamin Henry University College London

I will present for discussion a short but problematic unpublished fragment of a Greek philosophical text from the Oxyrhynchus collection.

• 75 • Panel Greek and Latin tablets in the British Library and British Museum

Todd M. Hickey University of California, Berkeley

The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri at the University of California, Berkeley, has embarked on a project to catalogue the Greek and Latin tablets in the British Li - brary and the Ancient Egypt and Sudan Department of the British Museum, with the aim of making these important collections more accessible to specialists and the broader public. The present communication commences with an overview of these sibling assemblages and then considers one set of ten tablets, now invento - ried as British Library Add. MS 33369, in detail. Acquired by the British Museum in 1888, Add. MS 33369 was written during the last decades of the 5 th c. CE. It is of exceptional interest because it preserves a series of model contracts (and two “template” petitions from a woman to the defensor civitatis ) from the Panopolite nome. These texts were not produced by accomplished scribes (as, e.g. , the con - temporary Oxyrhynchite Musterverträge SB XXVI 16507) but were rather the work of individuals learning to write.

An Early Papyrus Codex of Favorinus’ De Exilio

Solmeng-Jonas Hirschi University of Oxford

During the workshop I shall present a yet unpublished literary papyrus from Oxyrhynchus, the edition of which I am currently preparing in collaboration with Dirk Obbink and Veronika Lütkenhaus. Written on both sides in a rather non - descript, tiny hand comparable to late second century CE ones, this small papyrus (7.3 x 5.7 cm) contains 19 fairly well-preserved lines of Favorinus’ De Exilio (18.2- 3 and 19.4-5 Tepedino Guerra). If correct, our dating would make it the earlier of the only two direct witnesses to this work so far (the other one being the famous P.Vat.Gr. 11 v = MP 3 455), copied only few decades after the author’s death and suggesting that he was more widely read than is generally thought. In addition to

• 76 • the remarkable codex format for such an early date, this P.Oxy. offers new readings and confirms an important scribal correction in the P.Vat. There are thus several issues which would benefit from an educated discussion, such as the various pos - sible reconstructions of the page layout, the evaluation of the new variants, and the alternative interpretations of a paleographical uncertainty at a line end (l. 3), possibly confirming a conjecture by Barigazzi.

Preliminary Results from a New Edition of the Milon Archive

Andrew Hogan UC Berkeley

The Archive of the Praktor Milon (225-222 BC) contains information relating to the fiscal management of the Edfu temple. The Archive consists of 32 texts, 22 Greek & 10 demotic. However, since its excavation and subsequent publica - tion by Rubensohn (1907), there has been no new edition that integrates the two sets of documents; the editio princeps notes that the translators of the respective texts never communicated about their work. I have continued the task prelimi - narily begun by Clarysse (2003) of composing a new edition of the Milon Archive with transcriptions, transliterations, and other corrigenda. My new comparative analysis between the demotic and Greek documents has proven the nature of the office of praktor as a temporary fiscal official of the state called in for the distraint of the property of the family of Estphenis. Likewise, comparing many of the let - ters bidding upon the property of Estphenis at auction with other auction docu - ments reveals the nature of priests as types of tax farmers themselves. This has deep implications for public fiscality in Ptolemaic Egypt, as auctions may have taken a multiplicity of forms rather than the ideal type recorded in P.Eleph. 14.

• 77 • P. Leiden Pap. Inst. inv. 119: Hens and eggs and other deliveries (II-III CE)

Francisca A.J. Hoogendijk Leiden University

Presentation of an unpublished Greek papyrus document containing an incom - plete report of deliveries of agricultural produce, including hens, eggs, lentils, wheat, wine, as well as barley and chaff “as food for his horses”. The deliveries seem to have been carried out through several middlemen and were probably des - tined for different localities (Panopolis, Nesos, Thmoo and Triphion). At least part of the mentioned commodities may have been supplies for the army. The papyrus probably comes from the Panopolite nome and may stem from the administration of a farming estate. The text is not entirely clear; hopefully this presentation will lead to helpful suggestions of colleagues.

The First Christians of Egypt New Evidence from before 250 CE

Sabine R. Huebner University of Basel

The recently discovered History of the Episcopate of Alexandria implies an early and swift expansion of Christianity along the main traffic arteries of Egypt and confirms indirectly the anecdotes narrated by Eusebius about thriving Christian communities in the Egyptian hinterland from the times of Demetrius (189-232) on. The scattered and late papyrological evidence for Christians seems to tell a different story, however. Have we potentially overlooked something? While most research has focused so far on the papyri from Oxyrhynchus, the Ar - sinoite nome is by far the most richly documented region of Egypt during the first three centuries of Roman rule. Where, if not there, should we look for evi - dence for the earliest stirrings of Christianity in rural Egypt? This paper discusses new evidence from the Arsinoite for the spread of Christianity, local Christian leaders, the many facets of Christian identity, and the part Christians played in the fabric of the province’s social and political life.

• 78 • Panel Computational Analysis of Handwriting Styles in Heavily Degraded Manuscripts

Hussein A. Mohammed Universität Hamburg

Analysing the style of handwriting is still a challenging task for e.g. law enforce - ment agencies and forensic documents analysis. Addressing this problem in digi - tised historical manuscripts poses additional challenges due to the nature of these documents, e.g. the different kinds of degradation, limited sample numbers and unavailability of ground-truth information. The goal of this work is to analyse the handwriting samples of heavily degraded manuscripts in order to generate similarity scores, which can be used as a supporting information for the task of handwriting style identification. In this work, we focus on heavily degraded man - uscripts with cursive handwritings where background-foreground separation and character segmentation are close to impossible, or at least not reliable, such as the Greek and Coptic papyri. In addition, we take into consideration the scarcity and unbalance of data samples and the unavailability of class labels (scribe identity is often subject to opinions).

Recommendation Letters in Ptolemaic Egypt in the Third Century BC: The Case of Amyntas

Ibrahim Seada Ansoura University

Although Ptolemaic Egypt might have represented for the early Greek immigrants “Eldorado on the Nile”, in Naphtali Lewis’ words, life there proved to be difficult for many of them as years went on. This paper studies one of these Greeks who happened to be in a position to help others by writing recommendation letters on their behalf. From his position as a superintendant in the service of Apollonius the finance minister of Ptolemy II in Alexandria and being a friend of Zenon the manager of Apollonius’ estate at Phildelphia, Amyntas was in a position which he could make use of to make other people’s life easier. In this regard, P.Cair.Zen. I 59046 (257 BC), which he wrote on behalf of a certain Menandros so that he

• 79 • might find a job, is not an exception, as this paper argues. At least six other such letters were written on various occasions and for several persons. The paper also seeks, in addition to studying the letters, to explore Amyntas’ connections through the recommendation letters he wrote and their impact on his acquaintances.

Panel The Limited Pool of Biblical Names used by Jews in Egypt in the Early Roman Period

Tal Ilan Freie Universität Berlin

In the Early Roman period, with the demise in the use of ethnic designations so common in the Ptolemaic period, the term Ioudaios almost went out of use alto - gether. Thus, one of the only methods left for identifying a Jewish papyrus is through the identification of a Jewish (mostly biblical) name. In this paper I will discuss the names used by Jews in the early Roman period, and show how these two are of a very limited nature (mostly Isaac, Jacob and Joseph). P.Harrauer 33 will stand at the center of the presentation.

Le Illustrazioni dei Papiri ercolanesi di Angelo Antonio Scotti

Giovanni Indelli Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

L’Accademico Ercolanese Angelo Antonio Scotti, che fu editore di cinque Papiri ercolanesi nei volumi IV, VI e XI della cosiddetta Herculanensium Voluminum quae supersunt , preparò le Illustrazioni parziali anche di altri papiri, rimaste inedite, che sono conservate nell’Archivio dell’Officina dei Papiri Ercolanesi

• 80 • Poster The P.Thrace collection

Grace Ioannidou, Stamatis Bussès Democritus University of Thrace

The Laboratory of Papyrology and Paleography of Democritus University of Thrace is home to a collection of 24 papyri, one of the largest in Greece. The documents, preserved either in papyrus or cartonnage, span roughly from Ptole - maic to Roman period, and contain documentary texts. Most of the texts have never been studied and translated. The roots of the collection go back in the pre - vious years to Prof. Ioannidou, who traveled through Europe purchasing items for the University. The collection presents a wealth of possibilities for original re - search by both students and scholars.

Latin in documents from Egypt between Caracalla and Diocletian

Giulio Iovine Università di Napoli Federico II

During the six centuries of Roman domination over Egypt, Latin language was em - ployed in several documentary papyri written in that province. In the first two cen - turies one finds Latin both in Alexandria and in the chora , in documents referring to the military; in business documents such as acknowledgments of debts and emp - tiones ; and documents crucial to Roman citizens in the province: testaments and related paperwork ( agnitiones bonorum, cretiones hereditatis ), enfranchisement of slaves ( manumissiones ), birth certificates ( testationes , professiones ), etc. On the other hand, in the last centuries of Byzantine Egypt, Latin has been confined, when con - cerning documents, to formulae and subscriptions to Greek documents, all pro - duced within provincial bureaus. The critical period for the evolution of Latin in Egyptian documentary papyri is the third century, ideally contained between Cara - calla’s Constitutio Antoniniana (CE 212) and Diocletian’s reforms (CE 285-305). This paper takes into accounts all surviving Latin documentary papyri produced in Egypt during the 3 rd CE, collected and studied within the frame of project PLAT -

• 81 • INUM (ERC-StG 2014 no 636983) and unconnected with the military; it will point out which typologies of documents keep existing, and which ones are wiped out; it will investigate on how the historical events which marked the crisis of the century affected the use of Latin in documents from Egypt.

Jouguet’s excavations: some recent discoveries in the Sorbonne collection

Florent Jacques Sorbonne Université

The reputation of the Sorbonne’s collection is partly due to the fragments and cartonnage brought back by Jouguet in 1901-1902, from which were extracted famous literary works such as Menander’s Sicyonians and documentary corpora like the Greek Magdola petitions ( ἔντε υξι ς) or the Demotic surety contracts. The collection has however still not delivered all its secrets. Indeed, a forgotten envelope of Jouguet was rediscovered recently, containing probably the first fragments he found in the Fayyum. Furthermore, new joins of fragments have been made and gave us what are now the largest Ptolemaic rolls of this collection. All this material has allowed us to start an ERC project ( GESHAEM ). Under this project, beautiful cartonnage is being restored, pieces of badly preserved carton - nage are being dismantled, new fragments of papyri are being extracted and pre - vious fragments are being restored. IR pictures will be taken also, to enhance joins, reconstitutions and edition. Connections to the older part of the collection have already been made.

Law, custom and imperial jurisdiction

Eva Jakab Karoli G. University of the Reformed Church, Budapest

The legal order is a social action in general and a communicative action in par - ticular. J. Habermas has supplied a model for such actions in his theory of com - municative action (1984). Orders based on subjective recognition of their

• 82 • legitimacy rely upon their consensual validity. Individuals undertake and shape their social actions in order to respond to norms of action, to social expectations. They themselves recognize those norms as binding and they know that other par - ticipants in their society feel an equal obligation to recognize them. Papyri from Roman Egypt raise questions about the use and abuse of Roman law in the provinces. Romans and provincials drafted their documents – or rather had them drafted – carefully, mostly by scribes, notaries – choosing the terms ac - cording to practical considerations, not theoretical studies. Undoubtedly, the sta - tus, origin and cultural environment of the parties had a strong impact on this choice. By no means a general ‘personality principle’ seemed to determine the choice of law. In my contribution, I scan the documentary evidence of testaments from the 1 st and 2 nd centuries CE, focusing on legal identity.

A Literary Papyrus of the Classical Period from the Black Sea Littoral: P.Callatis 1

Richard Janko University of Michigan

Until now, only two papyri of the classical period are known from Europe – the Daphni papyrus from Athens of c. 450-425 BC, and the Derveni papyrus from near Thessaloniki, datable to c. 375-350. In fact a third was found in 1959, when Romanian archaeologists, excavating an impressive tomb at Mangalia (ancient Callatis), dated to the time of Alexander of Macedon, discovered a complete scroll in the right hand of the deceased, but has remained unknown until now. Although the scroll disintegrated upon contact with light and air, 224 small fragments of it were taken to Moscow for conservation, where Ion Pâslaru tracked them down in 2011. Even so, almost nothing on it has been read. A new method of photog - raphy now permits it to be dated to the late 5 th or early 4 th century; its dialect, genre, content, and perhaps author, can be identified. This paper will also discuss how best to conserve papyri preserved in such conditions, and the likelihood that a major trove of papyri remains to be found in the Euxine.

• 83 • Flood of the Nile: new remarks on P.Michael 4

Gréta Kádas Spanish National Research Council

P.Michael 4 (Pack 2 2271) is a literary description of the inundation of the Nile and its geological consequences in the area of the Canopus. Although it has been studied before (Drescher 1949, West 1973, Santoni 1991, Stramaglia 1993, Stephens-Winkler 1995, López Martínez 1998, among others), the genre it be - longs to is still a vexata quaestio . The aim of this paper is to provide a new com - mentary of the text delving into some lexicographical and linguistic peculiarities which have remained unnoticed. New observations will emerge concerning the syntactic twists, the highly metaphorical language, the number of rare expressions and terms, as well as other significant parallels which support the belonging of this text to the literary genre of the novel.

Neues zu PSI VI 726

Demokritos Kaltsas University of Cyprus

PSI VI 726 (Mertens-Pack 3 2627) ist das Fragment eines ansonsten unbekannten Romans, welches vor allem wegen seiner möglichen Beziehungen zu Xenophon von Ephesos die Forschung interessiert hat. Das Verständnis wird durch den gerin - gen Umfang und den schlechten Erhaltungszustand des Stückes sehr erschwert. Im Vortrag wird der Versuch unternommen, an einer Stelle durch neue Lesungen und Ergänzungen einen etwas glatteren Text herzustellen; anschließend werden die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für die zugrundeliegende Situation disku - tiert.

• 84 • Some Thoughts on the Eusyene (P.Oxy. LXXXIII 5356)

Nikoletta Kanavou Heidelberg

The new short fragmentary narrative, which was given the title Eusyene by its ed - itor (P.J. Parsons; P.Oxy. LXXXIII 5356), is the latest addition to a number of novelistic narratives known exclusively from papyri. Like the Panionis (P.Oxy. LXXI 4811), Eusyene features a named heroine and contains indications of a nov - elistic plot, but is too brief and broken to allow more than a faint glimpse into the work to which it belongs. Like the Panionis (on which see Kanavou, «APF» Digitare l’equazione qui. 64, 2018), however, Eusyene can arguably be con - textualised within the large body of Greek fictitious narrative literature. The pro - posed paper examines the fragmentary plot of Eusyene in relation to this context and makes a new suggestion for a parallel text that may hold clues to the broader plot of the new narrative and provoke thought about its genre.

Fragment of a Letter from the Heroninos Archive in Yale’s Beinecke Library

Erynn Kim Yale University

The fragment contains the middle section of a letter, missing both the opening address and the closing greeting, as well as the right margin. The letter mentions ‘Apianus,’ the dominant figure Aurelius Appianus who owned multiple states in the Arsinoite nome and elsewhere during the middle decades of the third century CE. Certain details make it likely that the letter in some way involves Alypios, who managed the estates of Appianus in the Arsinoite and was the direct super - visor of Heroninos, for whom the archive is conventionally named.

• 85 • Re-editing SPP III Texts: Challenges, Problems, Results

Aikaterini Koroli Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften

The third and eighth volumes of the series Studien zur Palaeographie und Pa - pyruskunde (SPP ), known as Griechische Papyrusurkunden kleineren Formats , contain short documentary texts from the Byzantine and early Arab periods. The documents in question were first edited by Carl Wessely in the early twentieth century. The weaknesses of the editio princeps (incomplete transcriptions, erroneous datings, lack of commentary, etc.), owing mainly to the lack of modern instrumenta studiorum at the time, has necessitated a new, systematic edition. This paper presents the al - ready accomplished re-edition of the last part of the third volume of SPP (Nos. 583–701), mostly papyrus and parchment receipts for tax payments in money. My focus will be on: (a) issues of re-transcribing and re-dating, particularly difficulties deriving from the damaged and/or mutilated state of the writing materials as well as the cursive handwriting; (b) placing the texts in their historical context on the basis of the multifaceted information that these valuable written sources furnish.

A New Skar Codex: Contribution to the Taxation in Later Roman Egypt

Marcin Kotyl University of Warsaw

The preliminary results of my study on an unpublished new “Skar Codex” (P.Giss. inv. 58A-L) will be presented. The codex is a 44-page tax register ( λόγος λήμματος ) from the Egyptian village Skar dated to the early decades of the fourth century. Its main interest lies in a relatively early date where we can observe the very first results of fiscal changes shortly after Diocletian’s reforms. We gain direct insight into many taxation issues, including for the main part the so far poorly understood method of tax assessment on the basis of kephale . It is a prolific source of tax arrears and deduction management, accounting practices, monetary situation, institutions and officials engaged in fiscal matters, etc. The study is a part of research project no. 2018/28/C/HS3/00338 financed by the National Center of Science.

• 86 • Where did the Persians go? Conflicting documentary evidence for the Sasanian occupation of Egypt (619-629)

Sophie Kovarik University of Vienna

The present paper will deal with the impact of the Sasanian occupation on the documentary evidence in Egypt. The notarial deed is the one document type using a precise dating by writing the year of issue in a threefold way (regnal year, consular year and indiction). A lack of the regnal and consular year is hence con - sidered to be evidence of the absence of imperial power in times of political tur - moil and uncertainty and must be assigned to the relevant historical periods of foreign rule in the 7 th century, the Sasanian occupation of 619-629 and the Arab conquest of 640-641 and the following decades. Thus, by looking at the earliest disappearance of this dating element in different parts of Egypt one can try to follow the direction of the Persian advances and es - tablish their chronological order. This seems to be conflicting as far as Upper Egypt is concerned which will be explored using the dossiers of Philemon and Thekla in Edfu and of the Monastery of Epiphanios in Thebes.

“… Then the Angel of the Topos Shall Bless You!” Economic Evidence for the 6th Century ‘Monasticization’ of the Cult of Saints in Coptic Ostraka from the Monastery of Apa Ezekiel at Hermonthis.

Frederic Krueger Freie Universität Berlin

As was shown by A. Papaconstantinou, a significant change in late antique Egypt - ian history of religion begins to be noticeable from the mid-6 th century onward, as the previously mainly city-based cult of saints becomes increasingly co-opted by the desert monasteries that dominate so much of the socioeconomic daily life visible in 7 th and 8 th century papyri, often promoting their own, specifically monastic saints. Based on the edition of the Coptic ostraka at the Leipzig Uni - versity Library, this paper presents early evidence for the economic realities of this

• 87 • development. The correspondence of the abbots of the Monastery of Apa Ezekiel at Hermonthis during the late 6 th century illuminates the strategies by which monastic leaders negotiate with wealthy layfolk and village leaders for endow - ments to the monastery in exchange for the intercessionary prayers of the monastery’s patron saint (its “Angel”), the legendary anchorite Apa Ezekiel of Hermonthis.

Poster An Egyptian Official in War and Peace

Thomas Kruse Austrian Academy of Sciences

The poster will present an ongoing research project funded by the Austrian Sci - ence Fund and aiming at the first complete critical edition of the c. 240 docu - ments of the archive of the strategus Apollonios ( c. 113-120 CE), which represents the most important dossier of papyrus documents for the first two centuries of Roman Rule over Egypt (https://www.oeaw.ac.at/antike/forschung/documenta- antiqua/antike-rechtsgeschichte-und-papyrologie/apollonios/). A complete edi - tion of the archive is an urgent desideratum because its texts are scattered over 15 different collections and are available in editions of sometimes considerable age and different quality. Some texts are also still lacking a scholarly edition. These issues have until now significantly hampered a scholarly reception of the docu - ments which would have been commensurate with their importance. All texts shall be re-edited with a critical apparatus, a commentary, a bibliography, an image and a translation. An elaborate introduction to the editions shall embrace the rel - evant historical and philological aspects of the dossier.

• 88 • The Rubensohn Find I of 1906: New Material Study

Myriam Krutzsch, Ira Rabin Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection – Berlin, University of Hamburg

The recent discovery of copper-based writing ink in the double documents 1 and 2 from the Rubensohn Find I motivated the re-assessment of the papyrus struc - ture of the documents from this find. In addition to the appearance and layout of the documents, I will present the latest results of the material study and tech - nical details of the writing supports. Among other things, I wanted to clarify whether the material characteristics of the papyrus on which the documents from Find I were written correspond to those typical of the papyrus manufacture that was associated with Elefantine. The overall properties of the Find I documents will be compared with those from the other Rubensohn finds.

The Transition from Emmer to Hard Wheat in Egypt During the Second Half of the 1st Millenium BC: an Agrotechnical Hypothesis

François Lerouxel, Damien Agut, Charlène Bouchaud, Claire Newton Sorbonne Université

The interpretation of the transition from emmer to hard wheat in Egypt is mostly based on Greek papyri and it is assumed that hard wheat was introduced under the Ptolemies to satisfy the alimentary tastes of the new Greek settlers. Consump - tion was the main determinant of this huge agricultural change and the replace - ment of emmer by hard wheat seemed to be merely a cultural phenomenon. We reconsider this problem by taking into account Demotic and archeobotanical evidence and we submit a new, agrotechnical hypothesis to explain the transition. Emmer belongs to hulled wheats whereas hard wheat belongs to naked wheats and this distinction is very important as far as volume, storage and transportation are concerned. The foundation of a new capital, Alexandria, which soon became one of the very few ancient Mediterranean cities of 100.000+ residents during the Hellenistic period, implied to reconsider the challenge of urban grain supply on a new scale. As far as this issue was concerned, hard wheat was superior to emmer in terms of storage and transportation.

• 89 • Poster Aligning extant transcriptions of documentary and literary papyri with their glyphs

Benjamin Kiessling, Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra, Rodney Ast, Holger Essler Paris Sciences et Lettres, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Würzburg

Our poster will give a project report on an attempt to align a small sample set of transcribed documentary and literary papyri with the glyphs on the manuscript images. As a first step we will detail the training of a pixel-segmenter based on convolu - tional neural networks to distinguish between the main ink, the papyrus, the background and additional objects (such as rulers, color charts or plate numbers and other annotations by conservators). Our first attempts have been quite suc - cessful with around 94-96% of correctly annotated pixels on a relatively small training test set consisting of documentary and literary papyri and parchments in Greek and Hebrew. The second step involves the training of a line-segmenter also based on convolu - tional neural networks. The third step is the alignment of the resulting image seg - mentation with existing transcriptions, which we have widely applied to Medieval manuscripts in Hebrew and Latin.

La struttura della Retorica di Filodemo: un aggiornamento

Francesca Longo Auricchio Università deli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Nella presente comunicazione si intende fare il punto sulla struttura della Retorica di Filodemo di Gadara, trasmessa, come è noto, da diversi Papiri ercolanesi, grazie ai progressi compiuti dalla ricerca sulla ricostruzione dei rotoli e a nuove letture delle subscrptiones .

• 90 • A fragment of a Greek novel? P.Med. 36 revisited

María Paz López Martínez, Consuelo Ruiz Montero University of Alicante, University of Murcia P.Med. 36 corresponds to a codex which belongs to the Library of the Università Cattolica di Milano and is dated in the 3 rd century CE. The fragment was in - cluded in López Martínez, Fragmentos papiráceos de novela griega , 1998 – number 39 of her edition – where it was labeled as valde incertum . The text is interesting from a linguistic point of view, moreover to raise a question concerning the liter - ary genre to which it pertains. Indeed it could be considered as a mythical or his - torical text. It has even been considered as a fragment of Timaeus, due to the fact that the papyrus exhibits the term gorgónion , a term designating the place where Agatocles, the tyrant of Syracuse, was defeated. The purpose of this paper is to review the text and to deep in the study of its literary genre.

Papyrological Evidence for Primary Mathematics Education in Greco-Roman Egypt

Julia Lougovaya Heidelberg University While education in literacy is both attested by papyrological evidence and de - scribed in literary works, the stages and content of the curriculum in numeracy are less clear. Nevertheless, there survives extensive papyrological evidence related to learning numbers and training in performing calculations. The problem is that it can be difficult to distinguish educational material from technical computation aids. Analysis of some extant mathematical exercises and tables ( e.g. , Miniature Codex from Kellis, O.Petri Mus. 64, or P.Mich. 620), however, allows us to at - tempt a reconstruction of the process of their compilation. This, in turn, eluci - dates how some types of calculations were performed and taught, thereby shedding light on stages of the curriculum in mathematics. Finally, by looking at educational material for numeracy and literacy together, we gain a more compre - hensive picture of ancient education.

• 91 • Dirty Books: Papyrus Manuscripts Beyond Reading

AnneMarie Luijendijk Princeton University

Books as material objects always served multiple purposes beyond carrier of text. This paper, which is part of my broader research on the life cycle of ancient books, analyzes evidence for the lives of manuscripts in combination with and in addition to being read. Drawing on papyrological, archaeological, and literary sources, I pres - ent a preliminary overview of the somewhat random usages of ancient manuscripts outside of reading. I discuss evidence for reuse, maintenance, and repair of papyrus rolls and codices and the traces this leaves on the manuscripts; I dwell on dirt and other kinds of debris deposited on ancient books, especially those discarded as trash, as signs of the different kinds of the use of texts. Then I turn to the final uses for texts as they became discarded at ancient garbage heaps or left behind in buildings. This research contributes to a better understanding of ancient bookish practices, showing how manuscripts turn from valuable objects to detectable trash and how humans intervene in multiple different ways in this life cycle. Theoretically, my work draws on Igor Kopytoff’s insights on “the cultural biog - raphy of things”. I am also influenced and inspired by Kate Rudy’s scholarship on “Dirty Books”.

Multispectral Imaging and Fragments of Carbonized Papyri from Thmouis (Tel Timai)

Roger T. Macfarlane Brigham Young University

Fragments from a carbonized papyrus scroll are kept in a non-descript confectioner’s box at the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities in Cairo. The scroll is believed to be one found by Naville at Tel Timai (ancient Thmouis) during 1892/1893 excavations. He described papyri discovered in large numbers there as “quite carbonized, like those from Herculaneum”. A project was begun in 2015 and is underway to conserve and read this scroll through the application of the same multispectral digital photography used on the Herculaneum Papyri. The scroll’s otherwise illegible text can be rendered legible and the study of this scroll has begun.

• 92 • The scroll is documentary. Kambitsis (1985) had conjectured that the scroll might have fiscal records on it. However, given the technology of the time, it was im - possible to read the texts with any precision. Although in 2015 only a sampling of fragments could be extracted from the scroll without causing undue damage, what was taken reveals through the MSI a clear 2 nd century documentary hand, its content pertaining to loans and purchases. Names of individuals ( e.g. Diosk - our[ ], Isidoros, Zois in frg. 2499) will contribute to the internexus of names al - ready known from Roman Thmouis. For comparanda see P.Thmouis 1 and other potentially related papyrological texts. Fifty-four fragments of the Thmouis scroll are available from the 2015 session. The scroll’s extraordinary fragility will limit further imaging until considerable con - servation can be done on the scroll. Having demonstrated in my paper the nature and scope of this Thmouis scroll, we may pose questions about the search for the funding that will afford full conservation of this carbonized artifact. To that end I propose in my paper and handout to present a full reading of the fragments imaged in December 2015 and justify further study into other, cognate texts.

The Official Daily Life of Aurelius Leontas, Strategus of the Ombite nome and of Elephantine: Evidence for an Elephantine Papyri

Magda Bahloul Abdelhady Aly Egypt

Elephantine Island is one of the most ancient sites in Egypt, with artifacts dating to the Pre-Dynastic Period. Due to its location at the first Cataract of the Nile, it provided a natural hinge between Egypt and Nubia. The ancient town located in the southern part of the island was a fortress through much of its history. At one time, there was a bridge from the mainland to the island. Through the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the twentieth, a collec - tion of papyri was found at and near Aswan and Elephantine. The discoveries in - clude papyri written in Egyptian, Greek, and Aramaic. The documents contain a great deal with a variety of materials ranging from political to religious, family, busi - ness, and literary concerns. Among these texts are letters (both official and personal), contracts, lists, literary works, and accounts. My paper is concerned with one pa - pyrus from Elephantine about the official daily life of Aurelius Leontas, strategus

• 93 • of the Ombite nome and of Elephantine. The paper includes an analysis of this pa - pyrus and connects it with other papyrus from the same time period in a way that illustrates daily life in Elephantine as well as the life of important persons and offi - cials in Elephantine in a manner that may distinguish it from the rest of Egypt.

Hypotheseis a scuola

Massimo Magnani University of Parma

Nell’ambito dell’edizione delle Hypotheseis in Euripidis fabulas, Commentaria et Le - xica Graeca in Papyris reperta (CLGP ), I.2.5.2, viene presa in esame la diffusione del “manuale delle hypotheseis narrative” nel contesto scolastico e nelle scuole di retorica, come base per la composizione di declamazioni. Analisi papirologica, paleografica e testuale di possibili o discussi specimina quali e.g. P.Leid.Inst. XXV 2 (= TM 59800), P.Mil.Vogl. II 44 (= TM 59791), MPER III 32 (P.Vindob. inv. G 19766v = TM 59684), P.Oxy. III 420 (= TM 59860), P.David 18 (= TM 59869).

Panel Public-Facing Papyrology from the News to the Classroom

Rachel Mairs, Katherine Blouin University of Reading, University of Toronto

At a time when the ancient world is increasingly prominent in Western media and public discourse, what role does papyrology have to play in these debates? This paper examines several instances where papyri have been discussed in international news media, and argues for several general trends: an interest in early Christianity; a focus on scientific and technological advances ( e.g. RTI); and a positioning of pa - pyri from Egypt as part of either a Classical ( i.e. Graeco-Roman) past rather than a Middle Eastern one. We also explore how scholarly projects have both contributed to and challenged these trends. Finally, we offer a perspective on the teaching of papyrology, and suggest ways in which public-facing papyrological scholarship can be meaningfully incorporated into pedagogical practice.

• 94 • The power of light: Λύχνος in the ritual and religious life of Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt

Dimitra Makri, Ioannis Drakos University of Ioannina

The role of oil lamps ( λύχνοι ) in the daily and religious life of the inhabitants of Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt was unarguably important. After the sunset their artificial light facilitated a range of activities from the simplest to the most complex, such as the lighting of stables or construction sites respectively, while it was a company for the scribes during their lonely, late night work. The aim of this paper is to give a detailed insight into the religious significance of oil lamps in Egypt through a meticulous examination of the Greek papyri as well as the sources of ancient Greek Literature. Beginning with matters of terminology, which reveal the significance of the oil lamp as an artefact (material, shape etc.) and its various uses, the present paper will be devoted to the particular role of λύχνοι in ritualistic context and cult, as they were used in worship ceremonies and in burial practices. Finally, we will discuss the transcendence of λύχνος from the pagan temple to the Christian church, which indicates its predominance as a practical and symbolic artefact over time.

Panel Tony Harrison’s The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus as Post-Colonial Criticism

Myrto Malouta Ionian University

In the introduction to the published text of The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus , Tony Harrison explains how one of the merits of Shakespeare’s plays was their capacity to speak to the entire audience, by containing various elements that spoke to peo - ple of differing social status, learning and experience. He mentions this in defense of the satyr play genre, the unity with tragedy of which is rarely observed in schol - arship. Harrison’s own satyr play also fulfills this ideal, and indeed The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus have been considered in the secondary literature from many points

• 95 • of view: dramatic impact, classicism, social criticism (politics, class, disenfran - chisement), all of which are central to Harrison’s oeuvre as a whole. In this paper, I aim to pick up another thread offered by this remarkable text, which I propose is a major, but overlooked, theme of the play, namely that of colonial exploitation in the practices that shaped the study of the classical past and, particularly, papy - rology. I suggest that this text can be read as a very detailed and astute post-colo - nial criticism of Classics, and, more constructively, as a valuable guide to decolonizing papyrology.

Un nuovo testo oracolare dalla collezione dei Papiri della Società Italiana

Francesca Maltomini Università degli Studi di Firenze

Presentazione di un papiro inedito, conservato presso l’Istituto Papirologico “G. Vitelli” e contenente un responso oracolare in trimetri giambici. Il testo, databile al III sec. d.C., va a inserirsi in una tipologia di Sortes cleromantiche nota da te - stimoni epigrafici dall’Asia Minore, mostrando al contempo alcune peculiarità di notevole interesse.

Lucianic Linguistics and the Language of the Papyri

Anastasia Maravela University of Oslo

Several of the works in the corpus of Lucian of Samosata ( Lexiphanes ; The Soloecist ; The Mistaken Critic ; The Judgement of the Vowels or Consonants at Law ; A Slip of the Tongue in Greeting ) endorse correct language use and/or condemn linguistic errors. An important task when assessing the linguistic claims made in these works is to distinguish between what reflects current linguistic use, pieces of information which target normative approaches to linguistic use (grammarians, lexicographers) and in - formation shaped by Lucian’s distorting humour. This paper will offer examples of how the language of the documentary papyri sheds light on the quandary.

• 96 • L’utilisation de l’encre rouge dans les papyrus littéraires grecs et latins

Marie-Hélène Marganne Université de Liège

Si, selon La papirologia d’Orsolina Montevecchi (p. 16), l’utilisation de l’encre rouge sur le papier de papyrus est exceptionnelle, sauf, parfois, dans les papyrus magiques, auxquels il faut ajouter les papyrus documentaires (P. Schubert, Les ar - chives de Marcus Lucretius Diogenes et textes apparentés , Bonn, 1990 [ PTA , 39], p. 34-39, et BGU I 361 et P.Gen. inv. 69 : retour sur l’encre rouge , dans APF 51 [2005], p. 228-252), une enquête effectuée dans le Catalogue des papyrus littéraires grecs et latins du CEDOPAL montre que cette opinion doit aujourd’hui être nuan - cée. À côté des papyrus astronomiques et scolaires, l’encre rouge est également employée pour d’autres textes que l’on s’efforcera de répertorier et de caractériser selon leur langue, leur genre, leur datation et l’état de la copie, en vue de préciser les conditions de son utilisation, soit pour écrire des caractères d’écriture, soit pour tracer des lignes ou des dispositifs ornementaux.

Panel Writing to make a living, writing for oneself, writing for others in a Byzantine village: the new D-scribes project and the Dioscorus archive

Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello University of Basel

D-scribes is a four-years project that has started in September 2018 in the Uni - versity of Basel. It will address the questions of handwriting style classification and writer identification within a more general reflection on a possible Digital Palaeography of Greek and Coptic papyri. Three case studies will be investigated: papyri of Homer’s Iliad , the Byzantine archive of Dioscorus of Aphrodito and the bilingual (Greek and Coptic) archive of Papas, pagarch of Edfu in the seventh century CE. This paper will present the first results on one of these case studies: the Dioscorus archive. It will detail the methodology and provide an overview of the various writers that are attested in the c. 700 papyri forming this archive and their specific activities on a socio-economical perspective.

• 97 • Les archives de l’AIP (Suite)

Alain Martin Université Libre de Bruxelles

Complément à l’exposé présenté lors du XXVIII ème Congrès. Il avait été question à Barcelone des archives appartenant à la période où Marcel Hombert avait as - sumé le secrétariat du Comité International de Papyrologie et de l’Association In - ternationale de Papyrologues (1930-1961). L’accent sera mis cette fois sur la période où Jean Bingen occupa cette fonction (1961-1992). – Ampleur et contenu du fonds archivistique. – Présentation de quelques pièces significatives.

Production of magical formularies: the opistographic bookroll

Raquel Martín Hernández Universidad Complutense de Madrid

The scarcity of Ancient bookrolls whose content runs throughout both sides of the papyrus may be the reason for the small number of studies devoted to opis - tographic rolls (see e.g. Turner [1954], Capasso and del Mastro for Herculanean papyri, D. Kaltsas [2015] for documentary papyri and notes and scholia in literary and paraliterary texts). The aim of this paper is the study of the production of magical texts in rolls and the use of the verso side. Statistically, the number of opistographs is higher for magical texts. I will analyze the papyri preserved in order to understand the reasons why practitioners/scribes used the verso side of their rolls and how the books were sometimes subsequently supplemented by other scribes. Materiality, book structure, hands, and content will be analyzed in order to understand the peculiarities and similarities of opistographic magical for - mularies, and try to offer some ideas about the transmission and accumulation of magical knowledge in Roman Egypt.

• 98 • P.Texas 24: A Ptolemaic account mentioning the rhabdophoroi

David Martinez University of Chicago

This second century BC account is from the collection of Ptolemaic papyri from mummy cartonnage, housed in the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. It records payments made in kind and, in one case, in both kind and cash. The payments in kind are the typical bread, oil, and wine, but also meat and chickens. The groups to whom the allotments are made include the agents of the grammateus Sarapion, the police unit know as the rhabdophoroi , and one individual, Neon. The said Sarapion could be identical with the gram - mateus of that name in P.Tebt. I 112.38 (112 BC). The rhabdophoroi are a group of policemen rarely mentioned in the papyri, whose precise function is obscure. In the bread distributions the distinction is made between artoi katharoi and artoi autopuroi . The papyrus is complete on all sides and the text displays some peculiar physical features, including odd spacing.

Diorthosis nei papiri dello “scriba A24”

Chiara Martis Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale

Nell’Egitto di epoca romana il progressivo ampliarsi dei circuiti di lettura e scrit - tura, iniziato nel periodo ellenistico, giunge a completa maturazione quando l’una e l’altra pratica risultano ormai diffuse presso un pubblico relativamente ampio ed eterogeneo sui piani sociale, economico e culturale. Contemporaneamente av - viene un incremento della circolazione di opere riprese dall’età arcaica, classica ed ellenistica e, in tale contesto, è possibile vedere come i rotoli librari, in generale, risultino assai diversi tra loro per aspetti materiali, tecniche di manifattura, forme grafiche, presentazione ed acribia testuale. Il termine “scriba” serve di solito a designare una professione, se non una carriera; ma non tutti i rotoli librari furono copiati da scribi in questo senso. Nel mondo greco-romano i libri potevano essere acquisiti in diversi modi. Si poteva sempli - cemente ricopiare il testo per conto proprio e persino un eminente erudito avrebbe

• 99 • potuto farlo come sappiamo da Galeno ( De indolentia 6, 13, 19). Produrre una copia personale aveva dei propri vantaggi: per i meno abbienti era una maniera economica di procurarsi un testo; per quelli, come Galeno, che non avevano di che preoccuparsi a livello di spese, significava un controllo totale sul livello del - l’accuratezza della copia. D’altra parte, era un lavoro noioso, che richiedeva molto tempo, e dobbiamo ragionevolmente pensare che la normale procedura, per chiunque potesse permetterselo, fosse non quella di copiarsi il testo da solo, ma di affidare il compito ad uno o più schiavi. Tutti i prodotti compresi nel corpus facenti parte della mia dissertazione di Dot - torato – dal titolo I sistemi di correzione nei papiri ossirinchiti di epoca romana – provengono da Ossirinco e si collocano per la maggior parte, con pochissime ec - cezioni, nell’arco temporale che va dal I a.C. al III sec. d.C., concentrandosi in maniera rimarchevole nel II sec., durante la cosiddetta “rinascenza” di età anto - nina. Dall’esame dei materiali da me selezionati sono emersi due risultati degni di nota: 1. la molteplicità tipologica delle copie; 2. la notevole presenza di volu - mina realizzati da scribi cui sono ascritti vari prodotti librari: i cosiddetti “scribi di Ossirinco” o “Scribi Johnson”.

Nuovi collegamenti tra documenti da Tebtynis

Roberto Mascellari Università degli Studi di Firenze

Un nuovo confronto di aspetti esteriori in alcuni documenti di epoca romana – editi e inediti – provenienti da Tebtynis, ora conservati in varie collezioni (Berke - ley, Firenze e altre), dà l’opportunità di individuare legami che finora non erano stati messi in rilievo dagli editori dei papiri: ciò consente di aggiungere informa - zioni sul contesto nel quale questi documenti vennero prodotti e di circoscrivere la datazione di quelli frammentari.

• 100 • La fête de Pâques dans les documents grecs et coptes

Élodie Mazy F.R.S.-FNRS - Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

De nombreux comptes, lettres et contrats de l’Antiquité tardive, rédigés en grec ou en copte, nous renseignent sur les fêtes privées et religieuses célébrées en Égypte, mais cette documentation n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude systé - matique. Dans le cadre de cette communication, j’examinerai les papyrus relatifs à la fête de Pâques pour tenter de déterminer comment celle-ci était annoncée, qui y participait et quelles étaient les modalités pratiques et économiques de son organisation.

Towards a New Edition of Demetrius Laco, On Poems II

Michael McOsker Ohio Wesleyan University

As is now well known, recent advances in imaging technology and our under - standing of the early history of the Herculaneum papyri have shown that much earlier work is unreliable and in need of complete revision. One serious case of this is Demetrius Laco’s On Poems II. Previous editions, including the most recent edition (Romeo 1988), present the cornici in the wrong order, and advanced im - aging and techniques for placement fragments have allowed us to recover a great deal of text. In this paper, I intend to demonstrate the correct ordering of the cornici , and then discuss the organization of the contents of the treatise as revealed by the new order. Specifically, I will focus on a discussion of comedy which stands at the very beginning of the extant part of the text, but whose existence was ob - scured in the past.

• 101 • Greek Paideia in Ptolemaic Egypt: A Reassessment of the Livre d’Écolier

Chiara Meccariello Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Dated to the late third century BCE and allegedly found in the Fayum, the so- called Livre d’Écolier (P.Cairo JE 65445) is the earliest extant school textbook in Greek. The roll contains heterogeneous material of increasing difficulty, such as syllabaries, word lists and literary passages, and thus allows us to observe how be - ginners’ learning practices unfolded in the first century of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt. In this paper I present the results of new work on this artefact, focusing on aspects that have not been adequately investigated so far. Firstly, I propose a new recon - struction of the roll height, and consequently of the items certainly or possibly af - fected by the loss of the roll’s upper portion. Secondly, I explore the overall learning experience of the roll’s user, arguing – on the grounds of a reconsideration of the choice of texts and layout – that a crucial part of its educational project was the in - culcation of a religious worldview instrumental to Ptolemaic policies, through a careful combination of mythical, historical, cultic and ethical knowledge.

International Collaboration for the Elephantine Papyri Conservation

Eve Menei, T. Siopi Louvre Museum – Paris, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung – Berlin

Several thousand papyri and documents on other media were discovered on Ele - phantine Island, Egypt in the 19 th and 20 th centuries. They are now held in more than 60 institutions worldwide. The texts found are written in different languages and scripts, including Hieroglyphics, Hieratic, Demotic, Aramaic, Greek, Coptic, and Arabic. 80% of these documents are still unpublished, and most of the papyri are still in unopened excavation boxes. Scholars, scientists, curators, and conservators part of an ERC starting grant (di - rector Prof Dr. V. Lepper, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung Berlin) are studying these documents and making open access digital editions of them publicly online.

• 102 • The challenge for the project’s conservators is to negotiate evolving methods in papyri conservation when organizing and documenting the vast amount of vari - ous sized fragments. Conservators from Berlin and Paris have collaborated with each other and with curators and scholars to develop a methodology and a system for studying and processing the papyri. This system adapts to the requirements of each institution while enabling the survey and digitization of the fragments and providing appropriate condition for storage.

Some Remarks on Papyri dealing with the Relations between Egyptian Priests and the Roman Administration

Carmen Messerer University of Cologne

In October 2015, I started to prepare a new edition of all papyri which deal with the administrative relations between the Egyptian priests and the Roman author - ities from Augustus to Constantine. This project consists of three volumes. The first two have now been published under the title: Corpus des papyrus grecs sur les relations administratives entre le clergé égyptien et les autorités romaines , Vols. I and II (Papyrologica Coloniensia XLI, 1–2), Paderborn 2017, 2019. I am currently working on the third volume. The editions contain a number of new readings and restorations. A selection of them is discussed in the present contribution.

The Egerton Collection of Papyri and a Prefect’s Disappointment over a Failing Irrigation System

Federica Micucci British Library

The Egerton papyri are a small section within the collection of Greek papyri in the British Library acquired with the help of the ‘Bridgewater Fund’. Most of these were purchased in 1934. The collection includes some famous pieces such as the so-called Egerton Gospel, but has otherwise been somewhat disregarded

• 103 • until recently, and only a few papyri have been published as yet. This paper will offer some details on this small collection: information about its acquisition on the basis of the archival materials of the British Library will be provided, alongside a short overview of the unpublished texts. The main focus will be Egerton Papyrus 13, which was briefly mentioned by Bell in CAH but has remained unpublished. The papyrus contains the copy of a letter of Rutilius Lupus, prefect of Egypt in 113-117, to the strategus of the Hermon - thite nome and an ex-strategus of the Oxyrhynchite nome. The prefect complains about the poor condition of the dykes and irrigation works in the country and refers to earlier regulations of Trajan. On the back there is another text, possibly of medical nature.

Mary, Michael, and the Twenty-Four Elders: Saints and Angels in Christian Liturgy and Magic

Ágnes T. Mihálykó Eötvös Loránd University

Late antique Christians populated the heavens with a host of angels and saints. In order to invoke their help, the faithful addressed them in their ritual texts, both in liturgical and magical rites. While the distinction between these two re - mains ambiguous, saints and angels had a clearly diverging role in these two strands of ritual traditions. What did these differences consist in and how did the two strands influence each other? My paper will offer an overview of the role of saints and angels in Christian ritual in a comparative perspective, based on the evidence of the papyri. These show that late antique liturgy had a predilection for the saints; of the angels only Michael and Gabriel were prominent. Magical texts on the other hand display a broad interest in angels, their various classes, numbers, and names. The two strands of tradition had an impact on each other, and while usually liturgical language influenced magic, later Coptic liturgy in - corporated the angels typical of the magical texts and of Coptic literature. By sketching the ritual aspect of the cult of saints and angels, this study will thus also reflect on the relationship between Christian liturgy and magic.

• 104 • Romans in Egypt before the Constitutio Antoniniana : When, Where, and Why?

Peter van Minnen University of Cincinnati

This paper investigates the development of the presence of Romans in Egypt. This increased dramatically after the Roman conquest in 30 BC, and culminated after the promulgation of the Constitutio Antoniniana in 212. The spread of Ro - mans in Egypt was uneven. A distinction should be made between Alexandria and the chora , and within the chora areas of relatively high Roman presence can be identified. Some Romans arrived from the West, some Greeks and Egyptians became Roman through service in the army, and some Greeks and Egyptians be - came Roman through manumission. An attempt will be made to establish orders of magnitude across time and place, improving on a recent article by Myles Lavan, «Past & Present» 230 (2016) 3-46. Was the spread of Romans in Egypt part of a Roman Bürgerrechtspolitik , did it have anything to do with Romanization, or did it have its own dynamic? With nuanced and up-to-date answers to these ques - tions, we will be in a better position to understand the possible impact of the Constitutio Antoniniana .

“Prayers for justice”: the Materiality as Perspective for a New Evaluation of the Corpus

Giuditta Mirizio Universität Heidelberg

The communication between men and gods has attracted the attention of many scholars who have approached the topic under many perspectives and through different methods. The aim of the project “Magie im Kontext: Defixiones und die Kommunikation mit antiken Göttern”, part of the SFB 933 ( Materiale Tex - tkulturen ) in Heidelberg is to investigate a particular aspect of this interaction: the cases in which the petitioner wishes an offense to be punished through the intervention on the part of the divinity. The genre of the “Prayers for justice” (“Rechtsschutzbitten”) represents one of the methods that whoever had suffered

• 105 • a wrongdoing could exploit to obtain justice. It is attested from the fourth century BC to the sixth century CE, was widespread within the Greek-Roman world and constituted the counterpart of the appeal to a civil authority through a petition. A practice was established and distinguished by peculiar formal and linguistic fea - tures. The material side of the genre has been either neglected or underestimated, but deserves instead a deep evaluation. The process of drafting the text, mainly on lead tablets, the possible display and the final deposition make up a chain of steps which have to be taken into consideration. The attention given to the ma - teriality of the object (durable or non-durable support), the layout of the text and the matter of its potential public value introduces a further perspective which ac - counts for the praxeology of the process and contributes to a better understanding of the peculiarities of this category.

Lettura virtuale dei Papiri Ercolanesi. Gli ultimi progressi dalla scorzatura virtuale all’analisi chimica

Vito Mocella CNR-IMM Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi

Dopo le prime dimostrazioni sperimentali che hanno mostrato la possibilità di una lettura non invasiva dei papiri ercolanesi, le indagini sperimentali sono pro - seguite su diversi rotoli conservati alla Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli ed è prose - guita su quelli conservati presso l’Institut de France a Parigi. L’analisi delle immagini si presenta particolarmente complessa ma le tracce di inchiostro sono chiaramente leggibili e lo sviluppo di algoritmi per l’individuazione delle superfici e il loro srotolamento virtuale procede con risultati incoraggianti. Una nuova tec - nica di “scorzatura virtuale” verrà presentata. Anche l’indagine sulla composizione chimica ha fornito informazioni interessanti che sono di enorme aiuto alle tecni - che di lettura a raggi x. Verranno presentate dunque una panoramica generale dei risultati ottenuti finora e un’analisi critica delle prospettive future.

• 106 • The Cynopolite Nome in the Delta … Did it really exist?

Mohamed Abdel Ghani Alexandria University

Four years ago I published (in Arabic, my native tongue) a lengthy and detailed paper entitled: The Cynopolite Nome (in the Heptanomia) during the Ptolemaic and Roman Times in the Bulletin of the Centre of Papyrological Studies and Inscrip - tions in Ain Shams University in Cairo. During the preparation of the papyro - logical material for that paper, there attracted my attention some scholarly comments by the publishers of some documents of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri and other scholars who alluded to another “Cynopolite Nome” in the Delta. This issue was raised by Grenfell and Hunt in vol. XIV of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri (1920, 1708, 311 CE). Later in 1927 in vol. XVII (2136, 291 CE) Hunt trans - lated the phrase “Lower Cynopolite” as the “Lower division of the Cynopolite Nome (in Middle Egypt”, thus withdrawing his previous arguments and hypoth - esis of a “lower Cynopolite Nome” in the Delta which he suggested on his com - mentary on P.Oxy. 1708. By this correction of his doubtful interpretation of P.Oxy. 1708 in the publication of P.Oxy. 2136, Hunt reaffirmed a previous un - derstanding of him (in vol. X 1914, 1256) of “one” Cynopolitenome in the Hep - tanomia divided into two “lower” and “upper” divisions. Thus, the controversial issue seemed to have been settled by the same publisher long ago. H. Gauthier, however, in his Les nomes d’Egypte ... in 1935 adopted the view of a “Lower Cy - nopolite Nome” in the Delta, supported by his understanding of a mention of a certain Cynopolis in the Delta near Busiris (Abu Sir Bana, nowadays). Thus, the controversial issue was revived once again. Moreover, the publishers of two other related documents (published much later in vols. XLVII and XLIX of Oxyrhynchus Papyri, nos. 3345 and 3477) held the view of two distinct Cynop - olite nomes “Upper” and “Lower” in the Heptanomia and the Delta in order. In face of this controversial and debatable question, the researcher presents in this paper a thorough study of the above material of the mentioned scholars; and at the same time attempts to clarify and shed more light on the controversial inter - pretations of the source material to reach a more convincing conclusion from his viewpoint.

• 107 • New Papyri from Lykopolis

Mohamed Gaber Elmaghrabi Alexandria University

Within the Fouad collection, housed at the IFAO, thirty papyri with inventory numbers from 228 to 257 deserve a special consideration. These papyri were ac - quired sometimes between April 1941 when inv. 211 was purchased and the 14 th of June 1941 when invs. 258-262 were dedicated to the Society by King Farouk. These papyri seem to constitute a coherent group from Upper Egypt, especially Lykopolis (modern Asyut) which is only sporadically attested in the papyrolog - ical documentation, with only few attestations from the early Roman period. This paper will (1) review all the papyri from Lykopolis in the first three centuries of Roman Egypt; (2) give a general overview on the provenance of the Fouad collection; and (3) present five new documentary papyri (one in duplicate) from Lykopolis in the Fouad collection: Bank Receipt (105/6 CE); A tomos synkolles - imos with two census declarations (160 CE); Registration of Sale προσαγγελία (161 CE) (with duplicate); A Fragment Mentioning a Strategos of the Lykopolite and the Hypselite (173/4 CE); Permission to Execute a Pledge ἐνεχυρασία (211/212 CE).

Prayer of Thursday Night in the Religious Sources

Mohamed M. Morsy Aly Hellwan University, Cairo

The Hadith books mention some texts which devote prayers to each night of the week, e.g. a prayer for Saturday night, Sunday night, Monday night, Tuesday night, Wednesday night, Thursday night and Friday night. This hadith is not mentioned in one of the trusted Hadith books, so that it could not be from the prophet Mohamed’s speech. This prayer was performed between Maghrib prayer and Eshaa prayer. It was consisted of two rak’ahs recited in each rak’ah al-Fatihah one time, al-Kursi verse five times, sura Al-Ikhlas five times, sura Al-Falaq five times and sura An-Nas five times, after the completion the Muslim seeks forgive - ness fifteen times and makes his parents reward.

• 108 • The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo preserved a similar text written on a paper showing the Thursday night prayer. This text citing Suhail ibn Abi Saleh from Abi Hurayrah, This paper is preserved at the museum under the number 25275, recto includes 21 lines and verso includes 22 lines, written by black ink, and the paper has some gaps.

Poster New lights on Apollonios archive

Mohamed Ramadan Mohamed Abdelhamid Elarga Cairo University

A lot of Greeks lived in the Egyptian chora during the Roman and Ptolemaic rule and before this; of course, they represented the upper class among the citizens. This study attempts to throw light on the life of this segment of Greeks through the archive of a prominent character called Apollonios who is the focus of this study. Apollonios was a descendant of an ancient Greek family in Hermopolis and was appointed a governor of the province of Apollonopolite Heptakomia in Upper Egypt between 113-120 CE. The texts in this archive were recorded at the end of the reign of Emperor Trajan (98-117 CE) and the beginning of the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117-138 CE). This study is very interesting case. I think Apollonios is the first Roman-period strategos who is known to have been a met - ropolite, not an Alexandrian. His archive tells us much about estate management, but also about other important things. This study attempts to interpret some of the issues that come within the archive’s texts, some of which are related to the private life of Apollonios with his family, while others are related to the official side of his life during his work as a governor of the province of Apollonopolite Heptakomia. In addition, the texts of the archive are scattered among a number of papyri which will be classified by the researcher so that he could reach an explanation for the intricate relations in this family which is one of the highly cultured and educated families. The texts in the archive are clas - sified, according to language, between those written in ancient Greek, which rep - resents most of the texts, and a few papyri written in Demotic ancient Egyptian. The paper also aims to continue the important studies about the archive of Apol - lonios and to give more lights on his activities in Hermopolis Nome and his re - lation with the Roman nobles.

• 109 • Reconstructing a Roll of Philippikoi logoi (P.Oxy. LXII 4314+4764, P.Oxy. LXIX 3435 and PSI XI 1205)

Chiara Monaco University of Cambridge

My paper will focus on four Demosthenic papyri from Oxyrynchus, all belong to the I-II century CE: P.Oxy. LXII 4314+4764; P.Oxy. XLIX 3435 and PSI XI 1205. The papyri listed hand down parts of the Olynthiacs I, II and III and the Philippic I. The type of writing and the layout of the four papyri suggest that they were written by the same scribe. Also the place of the finds and the correlation between the British and the Italian excavations in that area support the possibility that the papyri belong to the same collection. Moreover, calculations on the meas - ures of the length and the width of the columns of each papyrus seem to confirm the possibility that they were part of the same roll. Thus, the aim of this paper is to reconstruct a roll of Philippikoi logoi showing that the listed papyri have been written by the same scribe and belong to the same roll by the examination of the similarities between them. I will focus on the writing and the layout, the place and the date of the finds and the content.

Panel An Official Letter or commonitorium from Washington University in St. Louis

Anna Monte Humboldt University, Berlin

The aim of my paper is to present an unpublished papyrus hosted at the Washington University in St. Louis. P.Wash.Univ. Inv. 146 contains an official letter which deals probably with an admonitory or legal procedure concerning fiscal matters. The pa - pyrus gives a new instance of the rare word κομμονιτώριον . This term denotes a letter of instruction sent by a higher official to a subordinate indicating how he should proceed in a particular legal or fiscal matter. Since only a few examples of commoni - toria have been preserved up to now, this papyrus adds new evidence for this rare kind of document. The text, however, presents some editorial and interpretative prob - lems, which I intend to present in the paper and bring into discussion.

• 110 • Gioielli e preziosi in alcuni documenti viennesi

Federico Morelli Universität Wien

Presentazione di alcuni documenti viennesi inediti del periodo bizantino con in - formazioni sui prezzi di gioielli e altri oggetti preziosi. I prezzi e le altre indicazioni contenute nei documenti saranno messe in relazione con le informazioni ricavabili da testi già editi, e saranno discussi materiali, pesi e caratteristiche degli oggetti in essi considerati.

Greek and Coptic Ostraka from the Excavation of the Khnum-Temple on Elephantine (Late Byzantine to Early Islamic period)

Matthias Müller, Stefanie Schmidt University of Basel

The site of the Khnum Temple on Elephantine, an island opposite Aswan, is being excavated by the German Archeological Institute Cairo in cooperation with the Swiss Institute for Egyptian Building Archaeology since 1969. The excavation carried out on Elephantine is one of the longest running archaeological projects in Egypt and yielded already a larger number of papyri and ostraka dating from the pharaonic to the Early Islamic period. Until the Graeco-Roman period, the temple of Khnum was the most renowned temple in the region of the First Cataract. By the 4 th century, however, it had lost its dominant position and fell out of use. The former temple was dismantled and by the beginning of the 5 th century, the court yard had been turned into a domestic area, which later housed also several workshops. In the settlement area, more than 200 ostraka have been found; 72 thereof in and around various buildings. The majority of them is Cop - tic but some Greek ostraka can be identified. The joint paper by M. Müller and S. Schmidt will present yet unedited texts from the excavations and contextualize them historically in order to provide a deeper insight into the society of Elephan - tine in the Late Byzantine and Early Islamic period.

• 111 • Singular readings and scribal motivation. Assessing claims to discern scribal bias in the text of the Apocalypse in Codex Sinaiticus

Alan Mugridge University of New England, Armidale

After introducing and commenting on the methodology of using ‘singular readings’ in a papyrus as evidence for ‘scribal habits,’ and in particular ‘scribal bias’, this paper offers an assessment of this methodology which has been applied to the text of the Apocalypse in Codex Sinaiticus. The singular readings reviewed in particular are at Apoc. 2.13 ( κρατει ς το ονομα σου ), 2.22 ( καλω αυτην ει ς κλινην ), 3.14 ( η αρχη τη ς εκκλη σια ς του θεου ) and 3.16 ( παυ σε του στοματο ςσου ), as well as a small number of other examples that are less likely to have been introduced out of theological bias – at 7.15 ( γινωϲκει αυτου ς), 10.1 ( η θριξ επι τη ς κεφαλη ς αυτου ) and 21.3 (omission of ηκου σα). The various motives suggested for the singular readings cited are discussed, and an assessment is offered that, while they usually depend on textual meanings that might have been intentionally created, they gen - erally include awkward constructions which were later corrected, and are thus more likely to have been simply errors in the copying process.

The Impact of Labour and Mobility on Family Structures in Roman Egypt

Elizabeth Nabney University of Michigan

My presentation will examine the effects on families when one or more members left home to work in another town or village. The papyri provide evidence for a variety of arrangements where people of all ages left home for work, ranging from young children leaving their parents to work as apprentices or on agricultural labour contracts, to the head of the household leaving to serve in government positions or the military. The effects of the separation of family members mani - fested in various ways, from concerns over practical matters (the process of send -

• 112 • ing letters and exchanging goods; inconveniences caused due to an absent head of household), to the emotional toll of separation (anxiety over the health and safety of absent family members, and in some cases a deliberate avoidance of com - munication). I will examine some of these issues in three archives from Roman Egypt: the archives of Apollonios strategos , Paniskos and Ploutogeneia, and Tiberi - anus and Terentianus. These archives span a wide range of circumstances and so - cial classes and provide insight into a variety of problems experiences by separated families.

Poster The Digital Rosetta Stone Project

Franziska Naether Universität Leipzig

The aim of this paper is to present the Digital Rosetta Stone, which is a project developed at the University of Leipzig by the Digital Humanities Chair and the Institute of Egyptology in collaboration with the British Museum and the Digital Epigraphy and Archaeology Project. The Rosetta Stone preserves a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC and its importance is due to the fact that it is written in two languages (ancient Egyptian and Greek) and three scripts (Hieroglyphic, De - motic, and Greek). The goal of the project is to produce a collaborative digital edition of the Rosetta Stone, to address standardization and customization issues, and to create data that can be used by scholars and students to understand the document in terms of language and content. The three versions of the text have been aligned with the Ugarit iAligner tool that has also allowed the alignment of the ancient text with modern languages like English and German. The morphol - ogy and the syntax of the Greek text have been annotated with the Arethusa Tree - banking Editor. Part of the project was also devoted to taking new pictures of the Rosetta Stone in the British Museum, to produce a 3D model.

• 113 • Falsificazioni “genuine” nei disegni di alcuni Papiri Ercolanesi

Stefano Napolitano Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Mi ripropongo di prendere in esame i disegni di alcuni papiri ercolanesi effettuati da Francesco Casanova tra il 1822 e il 1835 e già ritenuti falsificati da Crönert nel suo contributo Fälschungen in den Abschriften der Herculanensischen Rollen (1898), per mettere in evidenza quanto di genuino si conservi in essi. Infatti, pur avendo potuto in generale confermare le falsificazioni del disegnatore in una mia precedente ricerca, ho potuto successivamente rinvenire alcune sequenze di testo copiate dal Casanova da pezzi originali conservati sotto una numerazione diffe - rente da quella a cui si riferiscono i disegni sospetti; a partire dal confronto tra questi disegni e i pezzi originali si può rilevare che, nonostante il pregiudizio che grava sugli apografi di Casanova, è possibile non solo ottenere porzioni di testo maggiori di quanto gli originali conservino, ma anche, in alcuni casi, porzioni di testo significative. In tal senso, i disegni di Casanova, pur se in parte falsificati o, forse, ancora fecondi proprio perché finora sottovalutati per tale motivo, possono contribuire in maniera decisiva alla ricostruzione del testo in alcuni pezzi originali oggi deteriorati.

Per la ricomposizione di rotoli ercolanesi scorzati

Federica Nicolardi Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Il metodo dell’apertura tramite scorzatura è stato applicato a un gran numero di rotoli ercolanesi, che risultano, di conseguenza, frammentati e sparsi nella colle - zione sotto numeri di inventario diversi. Una volta stabilita la successione dei frammenti di ciascuna singola serie di scorze secondo il metodo ormai in vigore e una volta identificate le differenti scorze appartenenti a uno stesso volumen , si pone il problema della loro originaria posizione nel rotolo. In seguito ai calcoli su base geometrica ideati da H. Essler, ha iniziato a profilarsi una metodologia per la ricostruzione di volumina scorzati. In molti casi, tuttavia, la perdita di ma - teriale avvenuta durante o dopo l’apertura delle scorze ostacola la disponibilità

• 114 • immediata dei dati necessari. Nel corso dell’intervento saranno mostrati alcuni espedienti per sopperire a queste mancanze e saranno esaminati altri criteri, basati sia su assimilazioni geometriche che su informazioni bibliologiche, utili per ri - collocare le serie di scorze nella loro posizione originaria nel rotolo.

Hipponax and Ancient Scholarship

Anika Nicolosi Parma University

The fragments of Hipponax have had a careful analysis and study by Scholars since ancient times. The proof is the rich papyrological documentation that reveals a high number of glosses, interlinear notes and also part of a commentary. Ex - amples will be provided to reconstruct the typology of these scholarly interests and their context. Among other texts, of particular interest is P.Oxy. XVIII 2176 that is copied in a neat upright semi-angular bookhand, an example of the so-called “intermediate- style” (vd. Menci 1984, 53-55), and that it is possible to dating around the end of the I or the beginning of the II century (CE). Writing, glosses and interlinear notes show remarkable affinity with a group of fragments (some of which are commentary) ascribed by scholars, not without some doubts (vd. Haslam 2011, 17 and Porro 2011, 184-185), to the so called Oxyrhynchus’ Scribe A19 (Johnson 2004, 23s.): they are P.Oxy. XXII 2318 (Archilochus), XXII 2327 and XXV 2430 (Simonides), XXIV 2389 and XLV 3210 (Alcman commentary), XXIV 2397 (Hom. Il . commentary), XXXIV 2694 (Apollonius Rhodius).

A Syriac Church Father in Merovingian France (BnF, Suppl. gr. 1379)

Gabriel Nocchi Macedo University of Liège

The Bibliothèque nationale de France preserves twenty fragments of a VI/VII- century papyrus codex containing extensive passages of the Greek sermon Εἰς τὸν πάγκαλον Ἰωσήφ attributed to Ephrem the Syrian. The leaves of the codex

• 115 • were glued to Latin documents and used in the binding of a manuscript at the abbey of Saint Martin in Tours, in the VII century. Though the existence of the Greek manuscript has been known for a long time – a partial reproduction was printed in Bernard de Montfaucon’s Palaeographia Graeca (1708) – it remains unedited to this day, and has not being used in critical editions of the sermon. As a preliminary study to the edition of this papyrus, this paper will discuss the cod - icological and paleographical features of Suppl. gr. 1379 in the attempt to recon - struct the original book. Further attention will be given to the context of production and use of the manuscript, and to its place within the tradition of the patristic text.

Panel What’s inside the cigar boxes? The carbonized papyi of the Palau-Ribes collection

Alberto Nodar, Lluís González Julià Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Among the funds of the Palau-Ribes papyrus collection in Barcelona, housed at the Historical Archive of the Jesuits in Catalonia, are three cigar boxes containing several hundred fragments of carbonized papyri. Whether Josep O’Callaghan, the founder of the collection, placed them there or acquired them already in the boxes, we do not know, but he did know that they came from Bubastis, as he wrote on the card that was in one of the boxes. Preliminary studies have confirmed that some of the fragments belong to some of the Bubastis rolls housed in Köln. For the last months we have been working on a protocol for the digitization and the conservation of the fragments after their extraction from the boxes where they have been kept for decades, and we have started the systematic study of their physical characteristics (shape, colour, consistency), their bibliological features (palaeography, mise en page) and their content. This contribution will present the first results of the work that has been carried out so far.

• 116 • Γυμνός in Greek Papyri Between Literal and Metaphoric Meaning

Noha A. Salem Ain Shams University, Cairo

The meaning of the word Γυμνός and its forms depends on the context; it can indicate either literally “without clothing”, or metaphorically “without money”, “without helper”, etc... . This paper focuses on the reading of a new text, in which the word Γυμνός is used, and adds to the investigation of the uses of either the literal or the metaphor - ical meanings of the word.

Successio in Roman Oxyrhynchos?

Maria Nowak University of Warsaw

In my paper, I will present a re-edition of one of the oxyrhynchite wills, P.Oxy. IV 837 descr. = Egyptian Museum in Cairo (now: Grand Egyptian Museum) inv. JdE 43449. This text contains a few elements which make it special in comparison with other local wills from both Oxyrhynchos and ouside of it. Yet, the most in - teresting one is a way how successors were appointed. Analysed together with other papyri, especially P.Oxy. III 646 descr. = Derda & Nowak, «ZPE» 207 (2018) 145–154, P.Oxy. III 649 descr . = Derda & Nowak, «JJurP» 42 (2012), pp. 101-115, and PSI XII 1263 = SB V 7816, the document constitutes a stron suggestion that the legal phenomenon similar to the Roman universal succession could be traced in the second century Oxyrhynchos.

• 117 • Monks, Pots, and Inscriptions: Inscribed Pottery from the Ghazali Monastery

Grzegorz Ochała University of Warasaw

Recent Polish-Sudanese excavations in the Nubian monastery at Ghazali (Wadi Abu Dom, northern Sudan) have brought to light roughly a thousand inscribed pottery fragments. Together with such objects known from earlier works on the site, they form the largest collection of this sort known to date from both Egypt and Nubia in late-antique and medieval periods ( c. 1.200 items). The inscriptions are almost exclusively labels identifying the owner, addressee, or sender of a vessel or its contents, and names of holy beings, fulfilling most probably apotropaic functions. The material is difficult to study due to its fragmentariness and de - contextualisation, but under a close inspection, it can nevertheless bring valuable information on various aspects of life in the monastic community.

Poster Stylometry of Literary and Documentary Papyri Jeremi K. Ochab, Holger Essler Jagiellonian University – Kraków, Universität Würzburg

The growing and freely accessibile text databases of papyri (papyri.info, litpap.info) make it possible to explore, analyze, and classify them with a variety of text mining and machine learning tools (Jockers and Underwood 2016). The computational analysis of writing style, stylometry (Edere et al. 2016), has been applied mostly to literary texts, especially as a way of determining their author - ship. In this poster we present the first results of a stylometric analysis of both li - terary and documentary texts. Specifically, we explore the potential of such methods for automatized classification of papyri in terms of their authorship, text, genre or type, and its place and time of origin. We also study which textual - features or metadata are most informative for such categorizations

• 118 • The Troubles and Delights of Re–editions: the Case of the Archive of the Strategus Apollonios

Mario C.D. Paganini Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften

Showcasing examples from the work on the first complete critical edition of the archive of Apollonios, strategus of the Apollonopolites Heptakomia, in the frame - work of a project based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences and funded with a grant by the Austrian Science Fund (P 29164; https://www.oeaw.ac.at/antike/ forschung/documenta-antiqua/antike-rechtsgeschichte-und-papyrologie/apollo - nios/), the present paper will focus on the methodological questions, issues, lim - itations, and difficulties faced during the work of re–edition of Greek papyri. While showing the value, interest, and implications of such a practice on different scholarly and antiquarian levels, as well as suggesting possible approaches to spe - cific issues, the paper aims to provide ground for theoretical and methodological debate within the discipline regarding the re–edition of texts.

Überzeugungstechniken und Überredungsstrategien in den spätantiken Privat- und Geschäftsbriefen (4.-7. Jh. n.Chr.)

Amphilochios Papathomas University of Athens

Die meisten Autoren spätantiker Papyrusbriefe bemühen sich intensiv darum, das Wohlwollen ihrer Adressaten zu gewinnen und sie im Hinblick auf diverse Themen, die meistens einen praktischen Charakter haben, zu überreden. Ihr Ziel ist, dass die Adressaten ihnen Entgegenkommen zeigen oder sie dabei unter - stützen, ihre Anliegen bei dritten Personen durchzusetzen. Zu diesem Zweck ver - suchen sie, ihre Privat- und Geschäftsbriefe so elegant, stilvoll und überzeugend wie möglich zu gestalten. Dabei werden von ihnen zahlreiche rhetorische Mittel, allen voran diverse Überzeugungs- und Überredungsstrategien, ganz bewusst eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll derartige rhetorischen Techniken beleuchten, repräsentative Beispiele vorstellen und analysieren, und das bereits zusammengeführte Material im Rahmen einer allgemeineren Betrachtung der

• 119 • Rhetorik der spätantiken Papyrusbriefe auswerten. Bei der Analyse werden der soziale Hintergrund, das Bildungsniveau und das hierarchische Verhältnis der Ko - rrespondenten sowie die Abfassungsumstände des jeweiligen Briefes berück - sichtigt.

Making the Invisible Visible. New Techniques of Documenting Coptic Inscriptions and Paintings from the Monastery of St. Phoibammom (Deir el-Bahari)

Aleksandra Pawlikowska-Gwiazda Warsaw University

When St. Anthony the Great started a monastic movement in Egypt, many monks had spread out all over the country, often finding dwellings in the old pagan temples or tombs. Western Thebes, an ancient necropolis hidden between the desert hills, seemed to be an obvious choice for those seeking a shelter far from urban crowd. According to different data ( ostraka , papyri, archaeological sources), monastic activity was particularly vivid round here with the Monastery of St. Phoibammon built on the Upper Terrace of the Temple of Hatshepsut. His - tory of this complex was thoroughly examined by Włodzimierz Godlewski, who in 1986 presented his results in a monography Le Monastère de St. Phoibammon . In the course of works still carried out by the Polish Archaeological Mission in Deir el Bahari, new evidences from Christian period have come to light, majority of which are yet to be published. The aim of this paper is to present effects of a Decorellation Stretching – a photo- processing algorithm which enhances the colour separation. The visual improve - ment not only allows us to re-read or re-interpret already known Coptic dipinti, but it also makes possible to identify new ones that were so far completely illeg - ible. Presented issue is a part of my PhD project Monks in Western Thebes. Reusing the Pagan Space .

• 120 • I codici delle Historiae di Erodoto

Natascia Pellé Università del Salento

Dei 47 frammenti della tradizione diretta delle Historiae di Erodoto, datati tra il II-I sec. a.C. e il V/VI sec. d.C., solo 2 sono delineati su codice, a fronte dei 45 pervenutici su papiro. In entrambi i casi si tratta di codici di pergamena, dei quali uno (PSI XVII 1660 + P.Lit.Palau.Rib. 10) è il frammento erodoteo più recente. Se quest’ultimo ha ricevuto adeguata attenzione anche sui piani paleografico e bibliologico, essendo stato da poco pubblicato nella serie dei Papiri della Società Italiana per la sua parte che si congiunge col P.Lit.Palau.Rib., non si può dire al - trettanto per il P.Lit.Lond. 103, che necessita di una nuova edizione alla luce degli attuali standard papirologici. La presente comunicazione si propone da un lato di integrare la precedente edizione critica di P.Lit.Lond. 103, con particolare at - tenzione agli aspetti paleografici ed al rapporto tra spazio scritto e spazio non scritto, oltre che al testo erodoteo, dall’altro di mettere in evidenza le più rilevanti novità bibliologiche di PSI XVII + P.Lit.Palau.Rib. 10. Lo studio dei suddetti codici rientra nel lavoro preparatorio dell’edizione dei pa - piri di Erodoto, alla quale sto lavorando nell’àmbito del Corpus dei Papiri Storici Greci e Latini .

P.Vindob. G 26768a: non-Antimachean Thebaid (with Associated Fragments from Oxford)

Marco Perale University of Liverpool

P.Vindob. 26768a preserves twenty-seven heavily mutilated hexameters on Ata - lanta (l. 6), portrayed as a hunting maiden in line with Arcadian mythical tradi - tion. Her profile contrasts with the Atalanta we know from Hesiod’s Catalogue of Women , to which the fragment was initially ascribed (Oellacher, Traversa). Ref - erences to a military expedition (3) and an emphylion arch e-, an ‘intrafamilial (am -

• 121 • bition for) power’ (4) point, in fact, to the conflict between the Argives and the Thebans. The name of Atalanta’s son, Parthenopaeus, can be restored in l. 16. Ll. 23 ff. must have described the nightmare of Atalanta foreseeing her son’s death. Parallels from the same scene in Statius’ Thebaid support this interpretation. The fragment did not come from Antimachus’ Thebaid , in which Parthenopaeus was considered an Argive, not an Arcadian (fr. 17 M.). The chapter also explores pos - sible thematic links with other two papyri on the same subject: i) P.Oxy. 2519 fr. 1, arguably containing a speech by Atalanta dissuading Parthenopaeus from en - tering the Theban war (A. Silvestro, «Aegyptus» 96, 2016); and ii) P.Oxy. VI 859, portraying Parthenopaeus leaving Arcadia for Thebes (C. Meliadò, «ZPE» 205, 2018).

Ritual Evidence and the Art of Going Unnoticed in the PGM

Richard Phillips Virginia Tech

Scholarship exploring the philology of rituals in the PGM reveals that invisibility in most cases is conceived of as an act of going unnoticed. The use of ἀμαύρωσις and related terms supports this assertion, though the scarcity of parallels is prob - lematic. However, exploring prescribed ritual evidence found within the same texts (e.g. eyes, the dung ball of a scarab, aglaoph tis plant, a gilded falcon’s egg, etc.) seems to bolster the notion that invisibility should be considered as an act of going unnoticed, whether it is viewed as an act of blinding or a kind of conceal - ment. Earlier literary parallels ( e.g. Plin., HN 28.29.115 and 37.60.165) and Egyptian antecedents for these kinds of similia similibus rites ( e.g. ancient Egypt - ian homopoeic amulets, whose shape represents a part of the body or a particular animal associated with a desirable trait) support this assertion.

• 122 • P.Derveni and P.Berol. inv.13044v: Orphic Interpreters at Work

Valeria Piano Università di Firenze

The paper presents a comparative analysis between P.Derveni and P.Berol. inv.13044v, containing, respectively, a philosophical commentary to a theo-cos - mogonic poem attributed to Orpheus and an Orphic version of the Hymn to Demeter. Although the two texts present substantial differences, they both contain an exe - gesis of a hexametric composition ascribed to Orpheus, the interpretation of which is somehow connected with the performance and interpretation of rites. The link between the interpretation of a poem and sacrificial activity is openly attested in P.Berol. inv.13044v (col. IV 6-12), while it can only be supposed in the Derveni papyrus by admitting a connection between the Orphic commentary and the religious and ritual account contained in the first columns. Moving from these shared aspects, the paper focuses on (i) the presentation of Orpheus as a poet and a religious authority (P.Berol. inv.13044v col. I; P.Derv. col. VII and passim ), (ii) the exegetical patterns characterising the two texts, and (iii) the relationship between Orphic and Homeric poetry, also in connection with the way it is quoted in one of the two texts at least.

Usage et réception des documents dans l’ Histoire des Patriarches d’Alexandrie

Perrine Pilette. Naïm Vanthieghem Sorbonne Université – Paris, CNRS / IRHT – Paris

L’ Histoire des Patriarches d’Alexandrie (HPA ), texte arabe partiellement traduit du copte et considéré comme l’histoire officielle de l’Église d’Alexandrie (XI ème s.), est une mine d’informations rares pour l’histoire de l’Égypte chrétienne et isla - mique. Cette communication propose une étude des mentions de documents qui apparaissent dans les des biographies des patriarches coptes et dont certains sont même transcrits partiellement. Nous en recenserons d’abord toutes les occur -

• 123 • rences, puis procéderons à une comparaison des documents mentionnés dans l’ HPA avec des originaux que les sables d’Égypte ont fait revenir. Enfin, nous ten - terons d’évaluer le degré de fidélité de ces documents transmis par la tradition manuscrite et de comprendre les raisons qui expliquent les éventuelles divergences que présente l’ HPA par rapport au matériel papyrologique.

Panel On Stars, Emperors and Jews: An Analysis of P.Oxy. 4950

Meron Piotrkowski The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

P.Oxy. 4950, a papyrus dated to the 2 nd century CE, contains a fragmentary prophetic text alluding to the advent of the Roman Emperor Titus Flavius Ves - pasianus. Reference is made to an anonymous king/leader who will destroy the city of Jerusalem and its magnificent Temple “at the same rising of the Dog Star”. Because of the mention of the destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple, it is ob - vious that the king/leader should be identified with Vespasian. But this text also contains a chronological reference, namely the “rising of the Dog Star”, which can be fixed to the summer months of mid-July until mid-August. In my paper, I will discuss the implications, if at all, of this chronological reference for the re - construction of the history of the Judaean War against Rome and Vespasian’s rise to power. I will also pursue the question why a text that clearly refers to events of the 1 st century CE, was popular and copied a century later, in the 2 nd century CE. The answer to the latter question, I argue, has to do with the fateful history of the Jews in Egypt in the 2 nd century CE and their failed revolt in the Egyptian Diaspora (and elsewhere).

• 124 • Poster Encoding, analysis and visualization of demotic accounts from the Temple of Dime

Nathalie Prévôt CNRS-Ausonius, Bordeaux

The aim of the project DimeData (ANR-17-FRAL-0004-01 and 02-DFG 389429869 ) is to renew our knowledge of the economic life of Egyptian temples under the provincial Roman administration, through the study of the archives of the temple of Soknopaios in Dime, alias Soknopaiou Nesos, in the Fayyum. DimeData (http://dimedata.huma-num.fr) will provide an efficient way to pub - lish online the demotic papyri recording the daily expenses of the temple of Dime. This will make available more than 40 long rolls still unpublished, kept mainly in the collections of Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London, for sharing with the al - ready existing digital platforms. The poster aims at presenting the user friendly tool developed to encode and study those documents. It will give an overview of all the research possibilities of - fered by semantic annotation in TEI/Epidoc standard of translitered demotic texts, and will focus on the quantitative analyses and data visualizations this tool will allow, especially those dealing with products, prices paid for those products and prosopographical data.

An Unpublished Lyric Fragment from Oxyrhynchus

Enrico Emanuele Prodi Balliol College, Oxford

P.Oxy. inv. 24 3B.74/G(b), which I am in the process of publishing for the Oxyrhynchus Papyri” series, is the recto of P.Oxy. LXXIII 4948 (Achilles Tatius, Leu - cippe and Clitophon ). As the editors of the verso recognized from the diction and the koronis which it partly preserves, it represents ‘choral’ lyric. The author cannot be identified, but hypotheses can be made. Damaged and hard to read though the text is, it yields intriguing hints of the content of the piece. The proposed paper introduces the fragment before presenting an edition of the text and some notes of comment.

• 125 • L’aristocrazia bizantina di Ossirinco nel V sec.: un nuovo papiro della collezione di Gießen

Linda Putelli Universität Trier

Presentazione di un papiro bizantino inedito della collezione papirologica di Gie - ßen, databile al V sec. d.C. e contenente la parte iniziale di un contratto di prestito di denaro. Di particolare interesse appare la presenza di un notabile ossirinchita di nome Flavios Musaios, creditore nei confronti di un certo Aurelios Phoibam - mon, sulle cui possibili identificazioni si concentrerà l’intervento.

The Quest for the Oldest Metal-based Ink

Ira Rabin, Myriam Krutzsch, Francesca Maltomini, Oliver Hahn University of Hamburg, Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection Berlin, Università di Firenze, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)

Serious progress has been made in the producing of the geo-historical map of the writing black inks. The current projects dedicated to the experimental analysis of writing inks used in different areas cover a period from 4 th century BC to 11 th century CE, including dated Greek documents from Antiquity, Coptic literary texts, Carolingian and Hebrew medieval documents. The earliest iron-gall ink based on use of vitriolic salt found within our studies can be firmly placed in the 1-2 centuries of the common era. Another much older ink based on copper was discovered in the testament dated to the 3 rd century BC. This ink is very similar to the one found previously using PIXE and described as a secret ink by Philon of Byzantium. We would like to present here the panorama of the writing inks used in the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages.

• 126 • Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging of Herculaneum Papyri

Graziano Ranocchia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Only a few Herculaneum rolls have been written on the verso. Being unrolled papyri permanently sticked to kraft paper, so far this was known to us only from 18 th century drawings. The application of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging to the most famous of them (P.Herc. 1691/1021) has revealed por - tions of the Greek text hidden on the verso more than 200 years after their first discovery. Even concerning the text preserved on the recto, Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging has produced better contrast and legibility than this was the case through previous Multispectral Imaging, with a significant impact on the text reconstruction. These encouraging results make a systematic inves - tigation of the Herculaneum collection through this technique both possible and desirable.

Tell me Muse, who and where are you?

Rasha Hussein El-Mofatch Ain Shams University, Cairo

The paper will try to shed light on the nine muses and their names in Greco- Roman Egypt through papyri and ostraka . It will try to address questions like: is there any archaeological evidence outside Alexandria for the muses? How do they appear? Do their names appear, and what is the relationship between people and the muses? In which provinces are they known, and when?

• 127 • Pompeius Niger: Roman Soldiers and Citizenship Reconsidered

Dominic Rathbone King’s College London

Around CE 19 Zoilos son of Syros, a metropolite from Oxyrhynchus, became a legionary in the XXII Deiotariana with the name L. Pompeius Niger. However, he formally received Roman citizenship only in CE 45, a year after his discharge, in a form of imperial grant which from CE 50 became standard for auxiliaries. This case, along with other evidence, suggests that we should reconsider the his - tory of the rules about citizenship and service in legions and auxiliary units in the early Principate.

The economics of Ancient Mother-work in Roman Egypt

David Martyn Ratzan New York University

What was the economic value of the work women performed as mothers in Roman Egypt? While mothering was not an economic transaction in the first instance, but a complex cultural activity and a deeply personal commitment, it was nevertheless vital work in the reproduction of society. The economic perspective on ancient moth - ering acquires greater historical significance when one considers (1) that the vast ma - jority of adult women in Roman Egypt bore, nursed, and cared for multiple children; and (2) that this work likely represented one of the largest investments of labor in the next generation and, in the aggregate, perhaps one of the largest economic con - tributions by women as women in antiquity. Ancient historians typically lack reliable, quantifiable data for ancient social phenomena, yet the economic study of the family is one area in which ancient and modern historians for once find themselves on a similar footing: the modern family is, by contemporary standards, radically under- measured. Economic analysis of the last fifty years has therefore relied on various proxies to construct models of economic exchange within families, a method well suited to ancient data. This paper will deploy the theoretical framework of contem - porary family economics with ancient demographic models and proxy prices recorded in papyri ( e.g. , wet nursing contracts, slave sales, wage rates, paramon contracts, etc.) to arrive at a set of valuations of mother-work in Roman Egypt.

• 128 • Poster From Homer to Menches to Munatius … Some glimpses on unpublished Tebtunis papyri from a project at the University of Parma

Nicola Reggiani, Alessia Bovo, Gianna Borciani, Eugenia Chetta Corrado Gambini, Marianna Guareschi, Maria Eugenia Leoni, Daniele Zani Università degli Studi di Parma

The poster presents a project of editing unpublished or described Tebtunis papyri from the Berkeley collection, held at the University of Parma under an agreement with the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri. The papyri range from Ptolemaic to Roman times and are of very different types, encompassing literary pieces (Homer, Euripides, few adespota ) and documentary genres such as private / official letters, accounts, petitions, receipts, etc. The poster focuses on a selection of samples, presented in their general outlines and special features to illustrate the wide variety of texts and of their interpretive issues. The selected items are: (a) literary: P.Tebt. 4 (Homeric fragment with semeia of Aristarchean tradition); UC 269 (anonymous philosophical fragment mentioning the sophists); UC 21009 (Homeric fragment with critical signs and a phonetic variant); 689 (unpublished medical fragment); (b) documentary: new and renewed texts from the Menches archive (UC 1581: petition; 160, land report); lists of persons with particular features (UC 2420: groups of 3 individuals; UC 2002: workers; UC 1061.2: with marks); special lin - guistic problems ( ξυλάριον in P.Tebt. 513v; στύλατα in P.Tebt. 815).

Was verbirgt sich hinter dem Ninos-Roman? Ein Blick auf die Rückseite der Berliner Fragmente

Fabian Reiter Università di Bologna

Vor 125 Jahren sind durch Ulrich Wilcken die Berliner Fragmente des Ninos- Romans publiziert worden. Der Text ist wegen seiner Bedeutung für die Geschichte des griechischen Romans rasch bekannt geworden und hat mehrfache

• 129 • Neueditionen sowie textkritische und literaturgeschichtliche Kommentare er - fahren. Die Rechnungen auf den Rückseiten der beiden Fragmente, von denen Wilcken bei Behandlung der Datierungsfrage einige Zeilen transkribiert hat, sind dagegen unbearbeitet geblieben. Der Beitrag präsentiert erste Ergebnisse meiner Transkriptionsversuche der teilweise schwer lesbaren Schrift und diskutiert mögliche Schlußfolgerungen für die kulturgeschichtliche Kontextualisierung der Niederschrift der Romanfragmente.

Sensory Disability in Synoptic Miracle Stories and in Ancient Everyday Life: A Papyrological Reading of Mark 8:22–26

Mara Rescio University of Regensburg

The present contribution is part of a larger project which aims at investigating all the miracle stories reported by the three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke) from a papyrological point of view. The final goal of the project is to produce a Papyrological Commentary on the Miracle Stories in the Synoptic Tra - dition, to be published within the international series of “Papyrologische Kom - mentare zum Neuen Testament” (PKNT, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht). As a case-study, the paper will focus on Greco-Roman documentary papyri and semi- literary texts (such as medical prescriptions and magical papyri) illuminating the background of the story of the blind man in Bethsaida, transmitted only by Mark (8:22-26). The story is particularly interesting because of the detailed description of the healing method employed by Jesus, as well as for Jesus’s initial failure to completely restore the sight of the blind man. The analysis, therefore, will con - centrate on papyrological evidence relating to blindness, eye diseases, and, more generally, people suffering from visual disability.

• 130 • The Archive of the Strategus Apollonios: Readings Old and New

Markus Resel Austrian Academy of Sciences

The more than 240 papyri of the archive of Apollonios, strategus of the Apollo - nopolites Heptakomias represent the most important dossier of documentary texts from Egypt for the first two centuries CE. The chief objective of our current project based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences and financed by the Austrian Science Fund is a complete and critical edition of all texts belonging to this archive, based on a detailed re-examination of all transcriptions and comments published to date. The present contribution will put up for discussion some of the more important old readings and some siginificant new suggestions, hoping to contribute to a better paleographical and philological comprehension of these texts, as well as to an enhanced appreciation of their significance for our under - standing of second century Egypt at large.

Les signes dans les papyrus littéraires grecs de medicine

Antonio Ricciardetto Université de recherche Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres (PSL)

Malgré l’intérêt croissant porté, depuis trois décennies, à l’étude des signes gra - phiques, – esprits, accents, marques de ponctuation, signes critiques ou dispositifs d’organisation du texte, numérotation –, qui accompagnent les textes grecs et latins écrits sur papyrus, parchemin, ostrakon ou tablette, les signes attestés dans les pa - pyrus littéraires grecs de médecine n’ont pas encore fait l’objet, à de rares exceptions près, comme l’Anonyme de Londres (MP 3 2339), d’une enquête systématique. Poursuivant nos recherches sur les pratiques scribales dans les écrits médicaux grecs, c’est cette lacune que nous nous proposons de combler, en répertoriant l’ensemble des signes présents dans les papyrus médicaux grecs des époques ptolémaïque, ro - maine et byzantine, et en nous efforçant ensuite de les classer d’après leur fonction, en vue de mieux comprendre comment les anciens concevaient la mise par écrit d’œuvres médicales, et comment ils lisaient et utilisaient ces dernières. Ce faisant, on relèvera les ressemblances et les différences dans la forme et dans l’utilisation des signes suivant le support et suivant les périodes envisagées.

• 131 • Sharing Contractual Clauses in Different Legal Systems: a Mediterranean Legal Koiné?

José-Domingo Rodríguez Martín Universidad Complutense de Madrid

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between certain contractual clauses of different ancient legal systems (Demotic, Greek, Roman) that share a common formulary content, in order to identify patterns of communication, tol - erance or legal reception of alien contractual policies. Taking the formula ‘ ἄνευ δίκης καὶ κρίσεως ’ as a case study (including its formal versions with δίχα / χωρίς , as well as its interaction with complementary clauses such as ‘ ἄνευ πάσης ἀντιλογίας ’, ‘ χωρὶς ἀφορμῆς ’, etc.), this research focuses on the common material and formal features of the Greek clause with the Latin formula ‘ sine controuersia et spe futurae dilationis ’ and the Demotic clause ‘n h tr (n) iwty mn’.

The Gymnasium of Philoteris in the Themistou Meris

Cornelia Römer Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo

In the campaigns of 2017 and 2018 the first hellenistic gymnasium in Egypt was dicovered by a team of the German Archaeological Institute in the village of Philo - teris in north-western Fayum. The paper gives an introduction to the building and its papyrological and historical backgrounds.

• 132 • Atticism, Atticist Lexica, and Non-literary Papyri: Syntactic Variation Across the Registers of Post-classical Greek

Emmanuel Roumanis Ghent University

During the Second Sophistic manuals and lexica concerning the ‘correct’ usage of Greek were produced by grammarians and lexicographers; they sought to re - capture the language of high Attic literature, particularly its lexicon. Phrynichus was perhaps one of the strictest of these lexicographers, and his floruit during the end of the 2 nd century CE coincided with the early stages of diglossia in the Greek language. This paper aims (a) to categorise his Atticistic manual’s ( Ecloga ) pre- /proscriptions in terms of their linguistic domain (lexicon; morphology; orthog - raphy; syntax), and (b) utilise select lexical dicta from the same prescriptive, dictionary-like work, to determine how Atticistic usages (ranging from lexical to simple grammatical constructions) are instantiated in non-literary papyri (and other documentary texts), of I-VI CE. The linguistic variation (or lack thereof) will be assessed vis-à-vis the systems provided by both Systemic Functional and Cognitive Linguistics for understanding and (diagrammatically) representing lin - guistic (syntactic) complexity, in order to rethink the traditional models of register variation for documentary papyri.

Alleviating Death: Consolatory Expressions in the Mummy Labels from Roman Egypt

Dimitrios Roumpekas National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

People in ancient times craved to express their grief and sympathy for the loss of a beloved person, usually by alleviating the end of his/her life. The various ways of alleviating death encountered in the ancient written sources (Greek and Latin consolatory literature, funerary epigrams, sepulchral inscriptions, papyrus letters of condolence) have already been studied by many scholars. On the contrary, little has been said about the various consolatory phrases occurred in a category of some brief texts referring par excellence to death: the mummy labels from

• 133 • Roman Egypt. In this paper, I will make an attempt to explore expressions of salutation and condolence addressed kindly to the dead by the writers. In partic - ular, I will try to: (a) place the consolatory expressions among the other kinds of the ancient Greek consolatory literature, (b) reveal any relationship between the phrases of condolence and the age, the sex, the social status or the religious affil - iation of the deceased, (c) explore any link between the use of the consolatory language and the status of the writers of the mummy labels.

Poster Il progetto di ricerca Lexicographie Papyrologique de la vie matérielle ()

Simona Russo Università degli Studi di Firenze

A otto anni dall’ideazione del progetto, il poster vuole ricordare le finalità per cui è nato, ripercorrere le tappe finora raggiunte e tracciare un primo bilancio sui ri - sultati conseguiti.

I papiri del “Romanzo di Calligone”: aspetti stilistici e topoi romanzeschi

Alessio Ruta Università di Catania

La recente pubblicazione di P.Oxy. LXXXIII 5355, contenente cinque colonne di testo vergato sul lato perfibrale in una scrittura datata tra il II e il III sec., ha consentito di ampliare la nostra conoscenza del cosiddetto “Romanzo di Calli - gone”, prima d’ora testimoniato unicamente da PSI 981, pubblicato nel 1927, che consta di quattro colonne di testo perfibrale in una scrittura datata alla fine del II sec.

• 134 • Nel presente intervento saranno presentati i risultati emersi da un’indagine su forma e contenuto dei due papiri del “Romanzo di Calligone”, con particolare attenzione al rapporto con altri testi dello stesso genere. L’analisi stilistico-lessicale ha permesso infatti di cogliere una raffinata facies linguistica densa di iuncturae che riecheggiano la tradizione poetica, circostanza che potrebbe suggerire un ac - costamento ai romanzi che presentano un maggior grado di allusività intertestuale. Verranno inoltre messi in evidenza gli aspetti che caratterizzano l’unità tematica e formale tra i due papiri, enucleando al tempo stesso i non pochi motivi ricorrenti nel genere romanzesco ravvisabili in essi, come la Ich-Erzählung da parte di un personaggio o il tentativo di suicidio sventato.

On Sappho 1 Voigt and Kypris Poem

Maroula Salemenou University of Oxford

In this paper, I shall discuss φίλη σι in the Kypris poem (l.2) that has been printed as accepted reading in P.Sapph. Obbink (Obbink 2016a) in relation to the same ending, ἀδίκη σι, as has been restored by Voigt (1971) for Sappho fr. 1.20. This is in an attempt to discover certain conjugations in –μι , sometimes referred to as ‘unusual’ (Hutchinson [2001] 157), which might have belonged to the Aeolic poetic tradition. Hamm (1957) is skeptical of the authenticity of the forms in – ηω , i.e. ἀδικήει (printed in Lobel [1955] and other editions) and φιλείη (Burris in Obbink [2014]). Meillet «BSL» 32 (1931) 200 sets out an Indo-European background on how ἀδίκη σι in Sappho fr. 1 Voigt could be accepted by adducing parallels that support ἀδίκημι and other forms in –μι as a reasonably certain form. Furthermore, the corruption of an originally correct ἀδίκη σι to ἀδικήει posited by Meillet in his study of Indo-European languages is likely as the lectio difficilior potior . I support φίληϲι in the Kypris poem by showing that ἀδίκη σι is a verifiable reading both in terms of linguistics and of strict parallelisms with other verbs in the Sapphic poetic tradition that heightens this sense of correctness for both.

• 135 • 99 Years Later: The Founding Purchase of Michigan Papyri

C. Michael Sampson University of Manitoba

In early 1920, Francis Willey Kelsey travelled to Cairo to purchase artifacts and manuscripts to be used for research and training at the University of Michigan. Though well funded, Kelsey was not trained in papyrology, and in February he sought out Bernard Grenfell, who was then working at the Egyptian Museum. Together, they went shopping (“practically making a clean sweep of the Greek papyri on the market”, Grenfell wrote), and among the papyri they acquired were the 534 which established a collection for the University of Michigan: additions made in subsequent years through both purchase and archaeological excavation would make it the largest such collection in the new world. In advance of the publication of new material from the 1920 Kelsey/Grenfell pur - chase in P.Mich.Cent. – a work intended to celebrate the centenary of Michigan papyrology – this presentation surveys a number of prominent and important texts from the purchase (including previously published material) – literary texts, documentary texts, and downright challenging texts.

Water and Divination in PGM

Carmen Sánchez-Mañas Pompeu Fabra University

Water has plenty of usages in PGM, being used for drinking, washing, pouring out libations, sprinkling, deifying, and so on. In fact, it usually appears in divinatory op - erations, serving not only as a key instrument of divination (hydromancy), but also as an ingredient, sign or mere accessory in other divinatory practices (prophetic dreams, dice). In this paper the following five aspects shall be analysed, paying special attention to the water-related vocabulary used in PGM IV, V, VII, VIII, XXIIb and LXII, namely: 1) conditions to be fulfilled by the practitioner; 2) instructions for the practice; 3) water form (rainwater, river water, seawater, spring water, etc.) depending on the type of practice or invocation; 4) function performed by water and 5) practice results, if indicated. Our aim is to give an overview of practices involving water that effectively shows the versatility of water in divinatory contexts within PGM.

• 136 • P.Ant. I 27, an Important Early Codex of Demosthenes’ De Corona

Lorenzo Sardone Sapienza Università di Roma

P.Ant. I 27 is a single parchment leaf; it contains §§ 49-56 of Demosthenes’ De Corona . This specimen, published by C.H. Roberts in 1950, shows several features that justify a new analysis. First of all, observing the codicological aspects, we appreciate the accurate layout. The text is organized in two columns per page. Margins are carefully defined, be - cause they keep the same extension both on recto and verso. Furthermore, there is a rudimental ruling system: the scribe draws only the lines that define the columns extension (type Leroy V 00D2). The second aspect that makes P.Ant. I 27 so interesting is its palaeography. Observing the letter morphology, the ten - dency to curving strokes, the fluid ductus and some typical features like bouclage and bouletage, we can compare the writing with the so called “Alexandrinian ma - juscule”, especially with an early example of this regular script. The presence of page numbers indicates that originally the codex did not contain only the speech On the Crown . Finally, P.Ant. I 27 represents a good example of an early codex, that appears already in the III century as a luxury product with capability of containing great portions of text.

Unveiling Emotions in Magical Practices

Panagiota Sarischouli Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Although formulaic in structure and form, Greco-Egyptian magical procedures seem to reflect the manifold influence of emotions on human behaviour: the present paper explores how humans experienced and expressed emotions while performing magical acts, focusing in manifestations of fear, wrath, sexual desire and jealousy. The Greek and Demotic Magical Papyri (PGM and PDM) demon - strate that individuals in Greco-Roman Egypt practiced magic mostly seeking solutions to sexual and familial dramas, revenge for real or imagined wrongs,

• 137 • but also assistance in practical eventualities (in the form of divination rites or procedures aimed at acquiring business success, wealth or attractiveness). By contrast, Pharaonic magic was predominantly concerned with helping people to deal with real but also imagined fears, such as the attacks of malevolent beasts and insects, but also nightly visions of evil demons, whereas the practical aspects of magic were only marginal.

Panel Handling of Received Letters from Ptolemaic to Roman Times

Antonia Sarri University of Manchester

Around 12% of the letters included in the combined papyrological databases of HGV and DDbDP (Papyrological Navigator) contain an indicator (handshift) of some kind of change of hand. A large number of those changes of hands in letters indicate text inserted after the reception of the letters by their addressees. Many of these cases are dockets endorsed by the recipients for archiving purposes but there are also letters that have been re-sent or have marks of heavier or other processing. This paper presents the results of a systematic examination of letters that contain texts inserted by their recipients, in order to show the changing trends in the han - dling of received letters from Ptolemaic to Roman times. It will examine i) the typological categories and temporal distribution of the letters that contain text added by their recipients, and ii) the content, position and style of the texts writ - ten by the letters’ recipients.

• 138 • Panel Oxyrhynchite irrigators as arsades ? A reference explained in P.Wash.Univ.Inv. 305

Rebecca Sausville New York University

In this paper I present P.Wash.Univ.Inv. 305, one of a cadre of unpublished pieces held by Washington University in St. Louis that were acquired in 1922 via sub - scription. This fragmentary papyrus of 11 lines is a list of amounts of wine, meas - ured in dipla , that were to be issued to a series of people identified by name or by position. I aim to debut this piece as an addition to the existing corpus of wine accounts from Oxyrhynchus, especially those found throughout P.Oxy. 16. This piece adds to our picture of Oxyrhynchite vineyard practices and estate life by identifying the different actors in wine production and beneficiaries of wine yields. Beyond its contextual value, the fragment’s most notable feature is the re - peated reference to the largest group of beneficiaries of the yields from individual merides, identified here as τοῖς ἀρσαδες . The closest parallel to this word appears in P.Oxy. LXIII 4391, as τοῖς ἄρσασιν , where it was concluded to have been a mistaken form of ἀείρω . I argue for reading it in this fragment as a derivation of ἄρδω , a reading which establishes this fragment as illustrative of both the central role that irrigators played in the various stages of wine production and the level of compensation that irrigators could expect to receive, while also inviting further discussion on estate-specific terminologies.

A Coptic Letter from the Governor of Egypt? The Case of P.Ryl.Copt. 277

Eline Scheerlinck Leiden University

The Coptic document P.Ryl.Copt. 277 has been identified by its editor, Walter Crum, as probably belonging to the correspondence from the Arab-Muslim gover - nor of Egypt Qurra b. Sharik to Basileios, administrator of Aphrodito, of the early eighth century. Although the document does not mention any personal names, it

• 139 • can be reasonably claimed that it belongs to this archive. However, I take issue with Crum’s statement that “it is indeed probable that the present letter is from the gov - ernor himself” and offer a new interpretation of this document. Recent scholarship of the language distribution of Early Islamic Egypt suggests that it is highly im - probable that the office of the governor of Egypt would have issued a Coptic letter. Analysing the content, language use, structure and lay out of the document and using evidence from the other documents in the archive, I argue that this document is a partial translation of a Greek or Arabic letter from the governor. The translation was probably made in the office of Basileios and the document was intended to communicate the orders of the governor to the inhabitants of Basileios’ region.

A Coptic Companion to Ritual Healing

Gesa Schenke University of Oxford

A small handbook for self-medication and ritual healing offers instructions on how to manage common physical ailments and sufferings, such as diarrhoea and childbirth. Twelve fragmentary parchment pages of a Coptic codex from the early Arab period, kept at the papyrus collection in Cologne, present formulas invoking divine assistance in order to reduce symptoms and gain relief. The paper will give an overview of the handbook’s structure and layout prior to dis - cussing the spread of such manuals and the frequency of their private or public use.

Un train sur le Nil ? Le mot σχεδία et la pratique du flottage de bois en radeaux. Valerie Schram Collège de France, Paris

Parmi les papyrus de Lille publiés sous la direction de Pierre Jouguet en 1928, un document provenant de l’Arsinoïte du III e s. av. J.-C., intitulé « comptes de trans - port par eau » (P.Lille I 25), fait apparaître successivement des recettes « pour le transport des bois destinés au pont (?) » (l. 4 : εἰς τὴν σχεδίαν , trad. ed. pr .), et des dépenses pour des séries de transport entre Ptolemaïs et Oxyrhynchos, puis

• 140 • dans le nome héracléopolite. Le terme σχεδία , ici traduit par « pont (?) », restait problématique : toponyme ou nom commun, comme le suggère la présence de l’article ? Différents indices présents dans cette comptabilité invitent en fait à re - venir sur l’interprétation de ce document à la lumière d’un sens de ce mot bien attesté dans le monde grec lorsqu’il est question de transport de bois, à savoir la pratique du flottage de bois en radeaux.

A Will of Her Own? Female Guardianship in Late Antique Egypt

Lydia Schriemer University of Ottawa

In this paper, I present a succinct summary of the evolution of female guardian - ship in Late Antique Egypt, beginning with the widespread legal introduction of Roman style guardianship into the formerly Greco-Egyptian legal sphere in 212 CE. Over the following centuries, guardianship appears to have continued to change and evolve, seemingly in ways irreconcilable with the law. I explore these changes through several examples from Late Antique documentary sources. In these case studies, I note both a decline in the presence of guardians and a resurgence of husbands as guardians. While the general decline in guardianship can be attributed to the efficacy of the ius trium liberorum , which granted legal autonomy to free women with three or more live births, the resur - gence of husbands as guardians is more difficult to account for. I question whether this can be a result of the normative Christian narrative of the submis - sive and subservient wife, or whether it rather has its roots in an earlier Greek style of guardianship. In conclusion, I propose that this question ought to be examined further, as part of a comprehensive study on Christianity and female guardianship in Egypt.

• 141 • The Architecture of Greek Documentary Papyri

Paul Schubert University of Geneva

We badly need a proper typology of Greek documentary papyri. A team of schol - ars and computing scientists based at the University of Geneva has started working on such a project. Producing a fat monograph would presumably be a mistake: it seems more appropriate to use the digital data already available and to build an online tool that will adapt to the evolution of the material. The aim of this short presentation will be to describe the methods that will be used in the project, to define its purpose, and to elicit comments on the part of colleagues who are in - volved in closely related projects.

Family Archives from Elephantine. The Evidence from the ostraka

Shereen Abd el-Ghany Aly Egypt

The majority of Greek ostraka from Egypt, and from Elephantine in particular, are tax receipts. The huge number of names which are provided by ostraka pro - vides the opportunity to reconstruct family archives from the island. Such a study has not been carried out before intensively; it will enhance our knowledge of var - ious aspects of the prosopography and sociology of Elephantine.

• 142 • Metatum , a Latin (Military) Loanword in a Saintly Context: P.Bon. 9 and P.Amh. I 9b Reconsidered

Giuliano Sidro University of Oxford

The paper will provide a detailed reexamination of P.Bon. 9 and P.Amh. I 9b. P.Bon. 9 has always been recorded as a Christian amulet (interestingly, the only one completely written in red ink) from the fourth or fifth century, while P.Amh. I 9b has been identified as a Christian liturgical fragment from the seventh or eighth century. Both these texts mention the Virgin Mary and St. Longinus in close conjunction. A fresh look at these papyri allows us to revise the dating of the Bologna piece and to propose some new readings and interpretations for both papyri. It will be shown that the incipit of both texts should be read as μητᾶτον < metatum , a Latin loanword rarely attested in papyri, which refers to an actual place (‘quarter’, ‘lodging’, etc.). This reading excludes the hypothesis that P.Bon. 9 is a longer prayer to the Virgin Mary and St. Longinus the centurion and invites us to reconsider the nature of P.Amh. I 9b. Some new hypotheses will be offered on the possible use and context of these texts.

Plenary Session Editing Arabic Papyri: A Special Challenge

Petra M. Sijpesteijn University of Leiden

In the last twenty years Arabic papyrology has seen a marked surge in terms of edi - tions and studies based on papyri, the development of (internet-based) tools and the number of scholars involved. The field has become more diversified, with schol - ars interested in different disciplines, including linguistics, history and literary stud - ies, as well as different regional specialisations – besides Egypt, also the Iberian peninsula, Central Asia, Arabia, and Persia – and even different languages, with be - sides Arabic, Coptic and Greek, Pahlavi, Sogdian and Aramaic also now attracting attention. And these different texts are written on very different materials, from textiles, leather, stone, parchment to, most importantly, paper, and there is thus no reason not to extend the field chronologically into the 21 st century.

• 143 • Arabic is thus perhaps not the right identifier, while papyrology, even in the wider sense applied in classical papyrology, does not cover the kind of work Arabic pa - pyrologists now typically engage in. So how does Arabic papyrology relate to the longer and better established field of classical papyrology? Why do Arabic papy - rologists feel they can learn something and have a contribution to make at the International Congress of Papyrology? This paper will, through my personal experiences in the field and that of my con - temporaries, illustrate how Arabic papyrology is finding its place in the academic study of documents. It will ask where and why Arabic papyrology joins Arabic studies or is considered a way in to study the Islamicate world, and how it can benefit from classical papyrology and all its well-established insights. On the one hand we struggle with the same questions concerning the choice between applied papyrology and philology, the relation with archaeology and history. On the other hand, Arabic writing is unsuited to some of the editing conventions that were developed for papyrology, forcing us to develop idiosyncratic traditions. And Ara - bic papyrologists also position themselves consciously in discourses peculiar to Islamic or Arabic studies. How has this affected the development of the field and what special challenges does it face? I will relate these issues to developments in the field of Arabic studies and Arabic papyrology.

Die Vorzeichen eines Tempelsterbens? Neues zu ägyptischen Priestern im kaiserzeitlichen Fayum

Benjamin Sippel Universität Erfurt

Nach der communis opinion gerieten die ägyptischen Priester im 3. Jh. aufgrund wirtschaftlicher und politischer Unterdrückung sowie durch die Konkurrenz neuer, hellenistisch geprägter Festformate in eine Krise, in deren Folge ganze Tem - pel aufgegeben worden seien. Eine Gesamtbilanz des Quellenbestandes zu ägyp - tischen Priestern und Tempeln zeigt indes, dass überlieferungsbedingt fast ausschließlich die Tempel am Rande des Fayum greifbar sind. Inwiefern von diesem speziellen Raum eine landesweite Entwicklung abgeleitet werden kann, ist jedoch fraglich. Dies verdeutlicht eine mikrohistorische Studie zu den dort lebenden Priesterfamilien und Tempelkollegien, die zeigt, dass nicht etwa die Tempel, sondern vielmehr die Dörfer in eine Krise geraten waren; die oben genan -

• 144 • nten Krisenfaktoren sind hingegen anzuzweifeln oder sogar zu widerlegen. In der Konsequenz argumentiert dieser Beitrag dafür, die religiöse Landkarte des kaiserzeitlichen (und damit auch des spätantiken) Ägypten neu zu denken und die Erzählung von einem großflächigen Tempelsterbens seit dem 3. Jh. min - destens mit Skepsis zu betrachten.

Bemerkungen zur Weinproduktion im ptolemäischen Ägypten

Eleni Skarsouli University of Cologne

Im Rahmen dieses Vortrags wird ein unedierter Kölner Papyrus aus der Ptolemäerzeit präsentiert, der sich auf die Weinproduktion bezieht und zum er - sten Mal einen ληνοφύλαξ bezeugt. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Papyrus wird eine neue Interpretation der ebenfalls auf die Weinproduktion bezogenen Papyri BGU VII 1549 und 1550 vorgeschlagen.

Hypercorrection in Papyrus Spelling: a Corpus Study

Winnie Smith University of Oxford

Corpus linguistics considers patterns of variation across groups of texts. It provides new insights into spelling variation in documentary Greek papyri, as traditional phonological accounts do not fully explain differences in distribution. For exam - ple, P.Berl.Zill. 3 l. 3 contains ἐπέστιλα ὑμεῖν = ἐπέστειλα ὑμῖν , I sent you (pl) . Within one text, this shows that { ει }, { ι} both represent the phoneme /i/ for its writer. But across documents, these words are outliers. Overall, only 2% of pa - pyrus words are marked variant by editors; for ἐπέστειλα the figure is 10%, and for ὑμῖν 25%. This talk uses 200 letters and the Trismegistos Words tool to show how hyper - correction helps explain high variability in some high-frequency tokens ( e.g. ὑμεῖν = ὑμῖν , you.2.pl.dat). The argument is supported internally (relative grapheme frequencies) and externally, by parallels with grammatical papyri and contempo - rary psycholinguistics.

• 145 • As hypercorrections imply awareness of formal spelling norms, their presence has implications for the link between non-standard spelling and poor competence in Greek often assumed in papyrological scholarship.

Three Coptic Letters on Ostraka

Sohair Ahmed Ain- Shams University, Cairo

This paper presents publishing three Coptic letters on potsherds ostraka . These ostraka represent a part from collection kept in the Cairo Museum (Tahrir square), Egypt. This collection has no information about provenance and date however they can be suggested. Although the context of these ostraka is different but they are in - cluding mentioned a visiting. The sender of the first ostrakon entreats the recipient to visit him southward and mentions paying a hire for him. And the sender of second ostrakon makes the recipient change his opinion and come again to him in a visit by mention to him many things like fields and gardens. While the sender of the third ostrakon mentions a visit of another person (not the recipient) and it seems to be the sender here sent one or more jars.

The Μαστιγοφόροι : a Special Kind of Policemen in Ptolemaic Egypt

Suzanne Soliman Ain Shams University, Cairo

This paper aims to presenting and outlining the official μαστιγοφόροι (= whip- bearers) through the papyrological evidence in the Ptolemaic period in Egypt. Through the preliminary results of the unpublished P.Lund 143, I shall ask: Who were the μαστιγοφόροι , and what was their task as a legal force? What is their re - lationship to the ῥαβδοφόροι (= stick bearers)?

• 146 • Legally Counterfeit: The Impact of the Military in the Monetary Life of Late Antique Egypt

Irene Soto Marín Universität Basel

The life of the military in fourth century Egypt is rather well-documented in some areas, as the archive of Theophanes and Abinnaeus provide substantial in - formation on aspects of the daily administration of high-ranked military officials. However, there is little information up to date on the role and activity of the Alexandrian mint during this period, and perhaps somewhat unexpectedly, it is in this historical lacuna where fourth century coin molds, excavated by Jacques Schwartz in 1948 and 1950 near the military camp in Dionysias, come into play. While the subject was already explored by Alessandra Gara in her 1978 article Matrici di fusione e falsificazione monetaria nell’Egitto del IV secolo in light of the legal and numismatic sources, this paper aims to expand the current state of knowledge in light of the papyrological record and an unpublished database of 30,000 bronze coins. In this paper we will see that not only were the imitation coinages produced from coin molds “quasi-official” as Gara suggested, but they potentially contributed a large percentage of the coinage in circulation at a time when the state seems to have lacked precious metal bullion, highlighting the role and impact of the army in the economic life of Late Antique Egypt.

Plenary Session Demotic Studies: a Janiform Sub-Discipline of Egyptology

Martin Stadler Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg

While Egyptologists have been considering the study of Demotic a marginal field of their own subject, Demotic studies had traditionally strong links particularly to those Greek papyrologists who specialized in documentary texts. During the past 20 years this has considerably changed, and ‘classical’ Egyptologists mean - while acknowledge how innovative Demotic studies are and how important their contribution to Egyptology is. This is due to a certain shift of Demotic studies

• 147 • from documentary to literary and religious texts recorded in Demotic. This shift, however, weakens the links to Greek papyrology. That is at least how I feel for my own work as a Demotist. Thus, I would deem the study of Demotic docu - mentary texts as being essential for keeping up the traditional ties to Greek pa - pyrology. But how should we study them? Does it make sense to publish isolated items of Demotic documents, such as a single receipt or an individual contract? What about tiny fragments? And could the study of Demotic literary texts (in the broadest sense) foster links to other sections of Greek papyrology so that De - motic still janiformly serves its function to connect both Egyptology and Greek papyrology?

Com.Adesp. fr. 1008 K.-A.: un esempio di prologo innovativo?

Felice Stama, Daniela Cagnazzo Università degli Studi di Bari

Com.Adesp . fr. 1008 K.-A., preservato dal P.Strasb. inv. G 53, databile al I d.C. (ovvero al secolo successivo), restituisce una rhēsis prologica, che, per il contenuto, può essere divisa in due parti: nella prima (vv. 1-15), sono fornite informazioni sull’identità del Prologsprecher e si criticano i prologhi espositivi lunghi e verbosi che non facilitano al pubblico la comprensione della trama; nella seconda (vv. 16- 29), attraverso la narrazione delle avventure in una terra straniera di due fratelli, la persona προλογίζουσα (forse Dioniso) illustra all’uditorio gli antefatti della vi - cenda scenica. In ragione delle rivendicazioni di originalità poetica espresse nella prima sezione del brano, si è cercato di valorizzare la componente ‘innovativa’ di tale rhēsis , ritenuta da molti una sorta di anello di congiunzione tra i prologhi espositivi della ‘Commedia nuova’ e quelli a carattere critico-letterario del teatro terenziano. Scopo di questo intervento sarà quello di offrire, attraverso una nuova indagine bibliologica e paleografica, una più precisa proposta di datazione del pezzo e di passare in rassegna le varie ipotesi circa la possibile provenienza dei versi, da taluni critici ascritti agli Ἀνεψιοί di Menandro, sulla base di argomenti tutt’altro che solidi.

• 148 • Poster Ein Opferaufruf nach Haushalten?

Kathrin H. I. Stenzel Universität Wien

Ein Vergleich der decianischen Libelli und der Zensusdeklarationen des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr. soll zeigen, dass die Zusammensetzung der Personengruppen in diesen zwei Quellengruppen nicht in gleichem Maße als Haushalte bezeichnet werden können, wie es häufig in der Forschungsliteratur geschieht. Vor allem Reinhard Selingers Theorie, die Bevölkerung sei im Zuge des decianischen Opferedikts 250 n. Chr. nach Haushalten zum Opfer aufgerufen worden und es wäre möglich gewesen, als einzelnes Haushaltsmitglied stellvertretend für die restlichen Mit - glieder zu opfern, soll durch einen detaillierten Vergleich mit den Zensusdekla - rationen, zu denen die Libelli bereits häufiger in Bezug gesetzt wurden, neu betrachtet werden. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass in der Untersuchung der Libelli einige Prämissen der Forschung neu überdacht werden müssen.

Taxes and Authority in the Late Roman Countryside: Fiscal Shares and the Pagarchy of Byzantine Egypt

Matthias Stern University of Basel

The question about the relation of the pagarchy to the model of fiscal shares in Byzantine Egypt has so far been insufficiently addressed. How did the obliga - tion/privilege of tax collection by the large estates relate to the prominent author - ity of the pagarchs in the countryside of the Roman-Egyptian civitates ? An analysis of the komai pagarchoumenai and their occurrence in the documents (mainly) from the Apion estate provides the missing link, which not only supports basic assumptions of the model of fiscal shares from an administrative perspective, but also refines it in significant aspects. I shall argue that the expression kome pagar - choumene does not relate to the pagarchy of Oxyrhynchos but to a different in - stitution that vested to large landowners the administrative control over villages. This institution is most likely to be seen as a manifestation of the model of fiscal

• 149 • shares, which existed parallel to the pagarchy. It appears to have been grown along with the responsibilities of the oikoi for civic duties, and was apparently abolished during the Byzantine reconquest or in the first years of Islamic rule.

Scribal Corrections and Drafts

Joanne Stolk University of Oslo

The presence of scribal revision in a papyrus document is often used as a reason to identify the text as a draft. How many corrections does one need to assume a drafting process at work? Which types of corrections are typical for drafts? Does this vary in different types of documents? I will approach these questions from two perspectives. A closer study of the types of revisions commonly found in doc - uments that can be qualified as drafts based on other criteria will reveal the char - acteristics of drafting in the process of text production. On the other hand, a quantitative study of scribal corrections in all Greek documentary papyri will show what kind of corrections, at which linguistic level, are commonly attested in different types of documents from the Ptolemaic until the Byzantine period. By combining these two approaches, I will refine the definitions for different processes of textual production and point out some additional considerations for the identification of the stage of textual composition of a papyrus document.

Il κοινόν degli olificatori ad Ossirinco all’inizio del IV secolo Antonio Stornaiuolo Università degli Studi di Messina

La accertata esistenza di un’associazione di olificatori ad Ossirinco nella prima metà del IV d.C. (cf. P.Oxy. LIV 3738 e 3760) sembra trovare ulteriore riscontro in un inedito papiro della Società Italiana, sulla base delle cui informazioni – e con il supporto della bibliografia relativa tanto al mondo della produzione dell’olio nella tarda antichità, e.g. cf. F. Morelli, Olio e retribuzioni nell’Egitto tardo (V-VIII

• 150 • d.C.), Firenze 1996, quanto al tema del corporativismo nel mondo romano ( e.g. cf. F. De Robertis, Storia delle corporazioni e del regime associativo nel mondo ro - mano , Bari 1973) – è possibile tentare di qualificare meglio l’attività e la compo - sizione del suddetto κοινόν . In particolar modo, può essere di una qualche utilità ricollegare l’attività di tale gilda con le informazioni deducibili dagli studi relativi alla coeva Ossirinco, per la quale sono attestati fenomeni di cristianizzazione ( e.g. cf. L. Modena, Il Cristianesimo ad Ossirinco secondo i papiri , in «BSAA» 9.2, 1936/7) e di ripresa e municipalizzazione ( e.g. cf. Bowman, Oxyrhynchus in the Early Fourth Century: “Municipalization” and Prosperity , in «BASP» 2008).

Il sistema di abbreviazioni dotte nei commentari e nei testi di studiosi

Marco Stroppa Università degli Studi di Firenze

L’uso di abbreviazioni è un fenomeno ampiamente attestato nei papiri greci dei più svariati ambiti, dai documenti ai testi di letteratura, dai manuali ai testi magici. Nell’ambito di testi di carattere letterario è stato da tempo riconosciuto il cosid - detto sistema di “abbreviazioni dotte”, perché tale articolato sistema si ritrova pro - prio in commentari o in esemplari di libri di studiosi e comporta l’uso di segni non alfabetici posti sopra determinate lettere a rappresentare preposizioni (o pre - verbi) e particelle: sono tratti rettilinei (obliqui e orizzontali) o curvilinei. Se il si - stema nel suo complesso è noto ed è stato descritto il suo funzionamento in alcune edizioni di singoli testi, manca tuttavia un approccio globale e una trattazione specifica su questo interessante aspetto della pratica scrittoria antica. La mia ricerca intende approfondire i dati sui papiri in cui è utilizzato tale sistema, affrontando quattro punti cruciali.

1) La raccolta dei testi. 2) L’utilizzo del sistema nel tempo. 3) L’individuazione delle caratteristiche distintive e delle variazioni all’interno del sistema. 4) La compresenza nello stesso papiro di altri sistemi di abbreviazione.

• 151 • Panel The Jews of Edfu in demotic ostraka

Zsuzsanna Szanto Freie Universitat Berlin

The second volume of Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum edited by V.A. Tcherikover and A. Fuks contains more than 250 early Roman ostraka excavated mostly by the Franco-Polish archaeological team in the 1930s at the site of Apollinopolis Magna (Edfu). While the bulk of the Greek material was published very quickly, most of the demotic ostraka excavated by the same team are still unpublished. During the last decades, scholars began to read and edit these texts, and, as one may expect, quite a few mention Jews. The aim of this paper is to give a short overview of the early Roman demotic ostraka recording Jews with special attention paid to their connection with the Greek ostraka , as well as to show how they can help to modify the dating of some Greek texts included in CPJ II.

Panel The Coptic papyri in the British Library collection

Ilana Tahan The British Library, London

The British Library’s Coptic collection comprises approximately 1,600 manu - scripts written in the Sahidic and Boharic dialects, with some going as far back as the early centuries of the Christian era. The collection was one of the earliest to reach Europe, and includes a broad range of texts, on papyrus, leather, vellum and paper. The Coptic papyri constitute about a third of the entire collection, and contain religious as well as secular texts. Among the latter, legal and financial documents, and letters abound. This presentation will provide an overview of the Coptic papyri, stressing their historic provenance, with highlights from our rare holdings. We will also discuss how the collection is being used by researchers, and what initiatives are being cur - rently explored to make it accessible online to global audiences.

• 152 • Unpublished Selling Contract from Al-Fayum Province Dated “371 A.H./ 981-982 CE”

Tamer Mokhtar Mohamed Helwan University, Cairo

The Fatimid period are still keeping a treasures of documents. Those documents are very important because it gives a lot of specific informations about the eco - nomic conditions in the Fatimid Egypt. There are a lot of selling Fatimid contracts on paper, one of them is (dealing) for selling a store, coming from Al Fayoum province written on paper, preserved now in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo (NO. 22217).The contract text has been written in 12 lines, with black ink, and dated “371 A.H., 981-982 CE”. Al Fayoum province is one of the most important Egyptian provinces, where many sales contracts written on paper and paper were discovered. The researcher in this paper will study and publish this contract for the first time, and study its Formula, and compare it with contemporary selling contracts, in the Fatimid era, as well as identifying the purchased values of stores in this period. We hope to add more infromations about the economic condition in Egypt in the 4 th century, the period which we considered the most richness in all the Fatimid era.

Agoranomos or trapezites ? Some Case Studies in the Ptolemaic Administration

Stefania Tateo University of Basel

The tax system of Ptolemaic Egypt was extremely complex and could rely on many officials such as agoranomoi , trapezitai , telonai and antigrapheis . The aim of this paper is to present some case studies of officials active in the Pa - thyrites, in the second half of the II century BC. By analysing both agoranomic contracts and tax receipts, and with the aid of palaeographical evidence, I will try to demonstrate that the officials declaring themselves to be acting as agoranomoi in the contracts were the same individuals as the officials signing tax receipts as trapezitai , thus suggesting a more complicated interaction of various offices.

• 153 • An Unidentified Hymn from Arsinoe

Timothy M. Teeter Georgia Southern University

P.Berl 21367 is an unidentified Christian liturgical text – presumably a hymn of some kind – in the Berlin Papyrussamlung, acquired by Georg Schweinfurth from his excavations at Arsinoe in 1886. It is actually two fragments that almost cer - tainly belong together, clear in parts but worm-eaten and faded. Oddly, the text is across the fibers, i.e. , only on the verso with no text on the other side. Ink at the top indicates another verse above, with a full verse of nine lines in the center, followed by five lines of another at the bottom. The two fragments together have a height of 24 cm, but if the verses indicated at the top and bottom were originally complete on the page it would have been quite large, perhaps over 40 cm. The hand, where clear, is not difficult to read and suggests a sixth century date. The first line of the complete verse includes includes τῶν τετραμόρφων ζώων , a rare phrase that occurs for example in the so-called Liturgy of Saint Gregory Nazianzus still in use in the Coptic church. The challenge is to both reconstruct the missing or damaged text and determine its place in liturgical development.

Some Remarks on Women’s Social Life in Roman and Late Antique Egypt: Religious and Social Celebrations

Marianna Thoma University of Athens

Women in the ancient world were often excluded from participation in the public sphere, except for the religious cults. Roman Egypt had a large number of public festivals and private celebrations which played an important role in the everyday life. Perpillou-Thomas has studied festivals in Egypt, however the women’s par - ticipation has not yet been fully enlightened. This paper aims to discuss some as - pects of women’s social life in the light of papyrus documents, mainly private letters and invitations to various events, from Roman times and late antiquity,

• 154 • and elucidate women’s role in the Greco-Roman society in regard to their legal and economic status. Private letters give evidence of women’s participation in re - ligious and social festivals. For example, in SB XX 14226 from the fourth century CE, Therpe complains to her father, because he has neglected to send her orna - ments for a feast, probably for the New Year’s Day. Moreover, important life events were also celebrated in Greco-Roman society, such as birthdays, marriages and coming of age, to which women were invited. In a letter from the first century (PSI XII 1242), two parents invite Antonia Tekosis to their son’s first birthday. It is also interesting that women, as heads of their household, could organize private celebrations and dinners. In P.Oxy. XII 1579, Thermouthis writes an invitation to her daughter’s wedding, while in P.Corn. 9 Artemisia leases two castanet dancers to perform at a religious festival at her house for six days.

Continuity and Discontinuity of the Sciences from the 5th to the 10th Centuries CE

Johannes Thomann University of Zurich

The 7 th and 8 th centuries were sometimes called the dark cenutries, but this view has been questioned, and the absence of literary witnesses has been explained as the result of a later break in the manuscirpt tradition. Such an option does not exist in documentary tradition because there are enough papyri extant from the centuries in question. In the case of astronomy the discontinuity is undenyable. There are many Greek astronomical papyri from the 5 th century but none from the mid 6 th century until the mit 9 th century. Two Arabic horoscopes on papyrus for the years 869 CE and 894 CE are the earliest witnesses of the re-establishment of astronomy in Egypt. In the case of medicine the extant Greek papyri from the 6th and 7 th prove much longer scientific activities. The continuity of the medical tradition is corroborated by Coptic papyrus and paper documents from the 6 th to the 12 th centuries. A number of Arabic medical papyri suggest an early accept - ance of that scientific tradition by the new ruling class. Less clear are the cases of other disciplines, such as that of pure mathematics of alchemy.

• 155 • Adoption Practices in Late Antique and Byzantine Egypt

Kleanthi Tirla Democritus University of Thrace

The aim of the present paper is to examine adoption and fosterage in Late Antique and Byzantine Egypt, focusing on the social and historical context of adoption/fosterage contracts. Although scattered references to adoption in pa - pyrus documents from Ptolemaic and Roman period indicate that adoption was a common practice in Egypt, these texts provide little information on the proce - dure followed and the circumstances under which adoption (or fosterage) took place. By contrast, details about the adoption (relating e.g. to the age and status of the adoptee, the motives of the adopter etc.) can be found in the extant adop - tion/fosterage contracts dating from the 4 th century onwards. Our study focuses on the clauses contained in adoption/fosterage contracts and examines the reasons dictating the compilation of a written contract in Greco-roman and Byzantine Egypt. Additionally, attention will be given to the level of interest that the adop - tion/fosterage contracts demonstrate in the welfare of the adoptive children re - garding the protection of their status and property.

Eschilo a Ercolano

Pietro Totaro Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro

I papiri si rivelano di straordinaria importanza per le nostre conoscenze sulla tra - smissione e fortuna di autori e opere del teatro greco. Lo stock principale della documentazione proviene da Ossirinco, in gran parte compresa nelle collezioni degli Oxyrhynchus Papyri e dei Papiri della Società Italiana. Ma riferimenti ad autori ed opere (a volte con citazione di versi) del teatro ateniese di V-IV sec. a.C. sono presenti anche nei papiri ercolanesi. Quel che sopravvive dei testi di Filo - demo di Gadara, in particolare, ci permette di leggere – o, in casi disperati, di tentare di leggere – richiami interessanti a Eschilo, a Sofocle e a Euripide. Man - cano ancora un assestamento del testo e una valutazione critica ponderata e ag -

• 156 • giornata (anche rispetto alle edizioni critiche e ai commenti disponibili per i tra - gici) di quei passi contenenti riferimenti alla tragedia greca. In questo mio inter - vento, mi propongo una ricognizione accurata della presenza di Eschilo nei papiri di Ercolano, in particolare nelle opere filodemee (anche nel quadro del mio lavoro, attualmente in corso, nel progetto di edizione e commento delle tragedie eschilee, presso l’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei).

Panel Treasure Island in London: Greek Ostraka in the British Library

Peter Toth The British Library, London

The collection of some 4000 Greek ostraka in the British Library is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. Despite its size, importance and the general acces - sibility of the collection through the Library’s Reading Rooms, it is underrepre - sented in the scholarly literature. Apart from the 320 items published by Ulrich Wilcken in 1899 and a few more later, the majority of the collection remains un - studied and unpublished. This contribution seeks to explain this situation and to present recent documentation efforts aimed at making the material more ac - cessible. After a short overview of the history and development of the ostraka collection, the talk will highlight the most important batches of acquisitions, their dates, provenances and significance, and give a survey of previous attempts of its cata - loguing and publications. In addition to presenting some recent developments in digitising and online publication of some 200 pieces, including 100 previously unpublished items, it will introduce a new joint project of the British Library and British Museum to digitise and exploit archival material held at the BM. Sharing archives across the two institutions helps us to gain a better overview of the un - explored layers of the BL collection for planning further thematic projects for digitisation and cataloguing of this Treasure Island hidden in Central London.

• 157 • Panel Two petitions to the defensor civitatis of Oxyrhynchus

Georgios Tsolakis New York University

The present paper discusses two previously unpublished petitions to the defensor civitatis of Oxyrhynchus. Despite their fragmentary character, the two papyri shed additional light on the office of the ἔκδικος . The first papyrus can be safely re - stored due to its formulaic language and is dated to 463 CE. More importantly, it contributes to the fasti of the defensores of Oxyrhynchus with the redating of an already known ἔκδικος . The second papyrus, also partially preserved, records a petition regarding a matter of health. The most striking feature of this text is that the petition was written by a woman belonging to the upper stratum. Inter - estingly, because of her husband’s apparent poor health, this woman becomes re - sponsible for dealing with the important affairs of her household.

An unpublished petition from the Sorbonne collection

Lorenzo Uggetti CNRS-Ausonius, Bordeaux

In 1901-02, Jouguet excavated the sites of Ghoran and Magdola in Fayyum and dis - covered many cartonnages, then brought to France. Most of them were dismantled, seeking for Greek papyri, but around twenty still remain to be inventoried and are now kept in the Papyrological Institute of Sorbonne University. In order to enhance the study of Jouguet’s collection, that contains both Greek and Demotic administra - tive and fiscal papyri of the 3rd-2nd century BC, in 2018 the GESHAEM project has been launched. The external decoration of the well preserved cartonnages is re - stored, while new papyri are carefully extracted from their internal side. Other car - tonnages have been partially dismantled in the twentieth century and are now in bad conditions. One of them has given at least four different fragments pertaining to the same text. The analysis of the formulas allows to identify it as a petition: the verso re - veals that it was adressed to a certain Philonautes. GESHAEM is a European Research Council project (ERC-StG 758907) hosted by the Ausonius Institute at Bordeaux Montaigne University and coordinated by Dr. Marie-Pierre Chaufray.

• 158 • Public Land Leases Turn Inhumane. Imperial Grace and Local Custom(s), or the Status of Local Law under Roman Rule Revisited

Jakub Urbanik University of Warsaw

Among the papers of Apollonios strategos of Heptacomia there is a number of petitions (as, e.g. , P.Giss. I 4 (WChr. 351 = Sel. Pap. II 354), from the tenants of public land claiming abatement of the rent-amount in virtue of a privilege granted by Hadrian. In my presentation I will relate the manner in which this euergesia seem to have worked with the principles of Roman (compulsory) rent-reduction in the case of land leases ( remissio mercedis ), and the apparent practice of forced prolongation of land-leases of public land curtailed (most probably unsuccess - fully) also by Hadrian (Callistratus, D. XLIX 14.3.6). In my conclusions I will aim at a possible comparison of these three instances of imperial interventions, trying to sketch some more general remarks on law creation and application under the Roman rule, and thus revisiting the perennial debate on the status of local law in Roman Egypt (with Mitteis, Schönbauer, Arangio Ruiz, and more recently Wolff, Talamanca and Mélèze Modrzejewski).

Panel Papyri and Papyrology in Egypt Revisited

Usama Ali Gad Ain Shams University, Cairo

Context and community are keywords in papyrology. Yet the relationship be - tween modern Egyptians, papyri, and papyrology remains a largely under-re - searched field. While European and North American publications from the colonial era tend to both reproduce derogatory clichés about Egyptian com - munities and, inversely, portray Western papyrologists as idealized scientists and learned collectors of artifacts, the Egyptian public often sees the latter as treasure hunters who came to Egypt mainly to exploit and appropriate, rather than to learn and educate. This dissonance raises the issue of the relationship between papyrology and modern Egyptians. In a time when populism and the

• 159 • ultra-right are on the rise, and the Humanities in a crisis in both Europe and North America, how much, and most importantly which, support should be given to promote papyrological scholarship in Egypt and to enhance scholarly and public access to papyri in the country? How does the traditional and on - going absence of Arabic from most papyrological publications and digital proj - ects impact the public, pedagogical and academic reception of papyrology in Egypt and the wider Arab-speaking world? To date, the reconfiguration of pa - pyrological projects away from their traditional Eurocentrism and closer to the needs and expectations of modern Egyptian communities remains to be achieved. This paper revisits the topic and explores ways in which we, as a com - munity, can do better.

Une attestation de la capitation dans une lettre en copte d’Aphroditê au VIème siècle

Loreleï Vanderheyden Sapienza - Università di Roma

Si l’apport de la documentation grecque à la connaissance de la fiscalité byzantine a fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie de la part des historiens et des papyrologues, tel n’est pas le cas, en revanche, de celui de la documentation copte. Quoique gé - néralement considérée comme privée, la correspondance copte de Dioscore d’Aphroditê comprend également des lettres d’affaires qui mentionnent souvent la fiscalité et sont susceptibles d’apporter des données nouvelles. Cette communication sera l’occasion de présenter la documentation copte de ces archives bilingues et d’en montrer les aspects insoupçonnés et pourtant complé - mentaires par rapport aux textes grecs. C’est le cas, en particulier, d’une lettre de ces archives qui mentionne le diagraphon et donne même le taux d’imposition personnel « par tête » auquel sont soumis les habitants d’un village. Il s’agit, à ma connaissance, de l’unique attestation de l’usage de la capitation par l’administra - tion byzantine, alors qu’on pensait jusqu’à présent que cet impôt n’avait été ins - tauré qu’après la conquête arabe.

• 160 • On the Disappearance of the Praepositus Pagi

Guus A.J.C van Loon Universität Wien

At the head of the pagus , the rural subdivision of the civitas in Egypt, stood the praepositus pagi . This office was created, together with the pagus -division, in the year 307/308, as part of the far-reaching program of reforms of Diocletian. The praepositi pagorum are well-attested in the papyri from the first half of the fourth century, but there is a decline in evidence for them in the 350s. After the 360, there are no attestations of the praepositus pagi , which could suggest that the office had been abolished. The pagus itself, however, is attested until the middle of the fifth century. The aim of this paper is to explore what happened to the office of the praepositus pagi , and it will try to sketch how the pagus was run in the late fourth and early fifth century CE.

Do Digital Papyrological Resources Meet User Needs?

Lucia Vannini Institute of Classical Studies, London

Papyrology is at the forefront of Digital Humanities, with the adoption and even the creation of computational tools to assist scholars in reading, restoring and identifying severely damaged texts. Now that many aspects of the history and the features of digital papyrological resources have been dealt with in the literature, it seems opportune to dedicate a study to the evaluation of these tools from the user perspective, so as to offer an overall reflection on the acceptance of electronic resources in the papyrological community. Are digital resources for papyrology useful, i.e. , suitable for user needs from the content point of view, as for the width and quality of their collection material? Are they also usable, i.e. , effective and easy to interact with for the user? What is technology used for in papyrologists’ practices, and is it allowing them to do research and learn in new ways? This paper seeks to answer such questions, to ascertain whether digital papyrology resources meet users’ expectations and to point out what could be improved to make these tools increasingly fit well with research behaviour.

• 161 • Ein neues Lexikon hellenistischer Zeit für poetische und dialektale Wörter

Riccardo Vecchiato University of Cologne

Wenige Lexika der Ptolemäerzeit auf Papyrus sind publiziert worden (P.Hib. II 175; P.Heid. I 200; P.Berol. inv. 9965; P.Feib. I 1c). Der Vortrag wird sich mit einem unedierten, auf das 3./2. Jh. v.Chr. datierbaren Lexikon auseinandersetzen. Eine Eigenartigkeit dieses Textes ist, dass seine etwa 65 glossanda in einer vollständig al - phabetisierten Reihenfolge verzeichnet wurden. Seine sowohl dichterischen als auch alltäglichen Vokabeln wurden mehrfach als idiosynkratisch für den Dialekt einer einzelnen Stadt bzw. Region bezeichnet (z.B. Kletorier, Kreter, Tarantiner). Die dichterischen Wörter (die Hälfte davon sind eindeutig homerisch) wurden ab und an mit einem entsprechenden Zitat versehen. Von diesen zehn Zitaten stammen sieben aus Homer (u.a. findet man eine bis jetzt unbelegte Version von Hom., Il . 22, 65), und je eins aus einem homerischen Hymnus, aus Archilochos und aus Ais - chylos. Die Art und Weise, wie die Vokabeln ausgesucht und interpretiert wurden, schließt eine Bestimmung dieses Textes für den Schulunterricht aus und lässt vielmehr an einen Zusammenhang mit der alexandrinischen Philologie denken.

Generationsübergreifende Solidarität und Konflikte in den privaten Briefen

Natalia Vega Navarrete Universität zu Köln

Die auf Papyri erhaltenen Familienbriefe zeigen normalerweise eine formelhafte Sprache und beschränken sich auf praktische Angelegenheiten. Sie weisen aber manchmal einen vertrauten und fürsorglichen Austausch zwischen Angehörigen auf, der oft auch von Konflikten in zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen zeugt. Anhand einiger Beispiele aus einem Corpus von Briefen zwischen Eltern und Kindern aus der römischen Zeit wird hier gezeigt, wie der Zusammenhalt und die Spannungen zwischen Generationen in den privaten Briefen auf emotioneller Ebene zum Ausdruck kommen.

• 162 • The Archive of Aristoboulos, Son of Saminos (2 nd Century BC)

Arthur Verhoogt University of Michigan

In this paper I will discuss a small archive of ostraka that Todd Hickey and I are in the process of preparing for publication. The 26 short texts (currently in Up - psala and Berlin) all date from the late second century BC and involve the family of Aristoboulos, son of Saminos, from the Koptos region. Most ostraka are receipts for the payment of the hemiartabieia , but there are also some receipts for the pay - ment of pasture tax.

Genitive Absolute in Documentary Papyri

Marja Vierros University of Helsinki

The genitive absolute construction (GA) is widely used in written Greek. It has been noted, however, that it was not favoured in popular speech in the post-clas - sical period (Jannaris 1968 [1897]) or even in Plato’s times (Thesleff 1969). In - stead, the GA was a formal and literary device. Even as such, the use of GA underwent changes during the post-classical time; already Mayser (1934) presents a mass of examples of non-classical usage of GA in the papyri from the Ptolemaic period. In this paper, I will discuss the use of GA in the documentary papyri, based on a selected and linguistically annotated corpus, from which we can query the GA easily and distinguish between different genres and writers. The corpus contains a high proportion of private letters, which are often taken as reflecting the spoken language much more than administrative documents, for instance. The diachronic use as well as the variation across text types will be tracked down in order to enhance our understanding about the status of the GA in the non-lit - erary, post-classical Greek.

• 163 • From Papyrus to Field: Identifying the Temple Equipment of Soknopaiou Nesos

Déborah Vignot-Kott CNRS-Ausonius, Bordeaux

In September 2018, the ANR/DFG funded project DimeData (ANR-17-FRAL- 0004-01&02 – DFG 389429869) started working on the Roman demotic archives of the temple of Soknopaiou Nesos, Fayyum. These archives are consti - tuted by a big number of demotic papyri recording daily expenses of the temple and covering a large variety of subjects. DimeData will deliver an online publica - tion of the texts, sharing with the scientific community a valuable source for eco - nomic history of Roman Egypt. The site of Soknopaiou Nesos, on the northern bank of lake Qarun, has been excavated since 2001 by a team led by Mario Ca - passo and Paola Davoli (University of Salento). The archaeological findings in - clude of course ceramics that have been studied by Delphine Dixneuf, Introduction à la céramique de Soknopaiou Nesos , in M. Capasso-P. Davoli (eds.), The Soknopaiou Nesos Project I (2003-2009) , Pise-Rome, 2012, pp. 315-361. This paper explores the possibility of crossing textual, lexical and archaeological evidence to identify the temple equipment mentioned in the papyri with actual artefact discovered through excavations.

New Evidence in the “dossier” of Dionysodoros (Arsinoite-3 rd Century BC)

Stéphanie Wackenier University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne

I am currently working on 6 unpublished papyri issued of mummy cartonnages of the Fonds Jouguet (Institut de papyrologie de la Sorbonne) with Brigitte Bakech. These papyri are opistograhs, written in greek and demotic head to foot and belong to the same administrative roll. The Greek texts are part of the archives of a well-known oikonomos , Dionysodoros in charge of the Meris of Polemon in the Arsinoite Nome ( c. 230 BC). The aim of this paper is to present the unpub - lished papyri of the Sorbonne and their links with the other papyri of the same “dossier” to establish a better view of the career and function of Dionysodoros.

• 164 • Officers but no Gentlemen? Roman Soldiers and their Illegitimate Wives

Sofie Waebens University of Cologne

Starting from Augustus’ reign, soldiers were subject to a marriage ban, prohibiting them to contract legal Roman marriages while serving in the army. The documentary evidence (papyri as well as inscriptions and military diplomas) nevertheless reveals that a large number of soldiers had long-term relationships with local women. No punitive actions were taken against these relationships, but the effects of legal marriage were denied to them. As a result, soldiers’ wives enjoyed little legal protection and were largely dependent on the good will and sense of responsibility of their husbands. Most scholars therefore believe that the marriage ban merely enabled Roman soldiers to seduce poor provincial women without having to account for the consequences, painting a picture of “disappointed wives and abandoned children” in the provinces of the Roman Empire. Drawing on the papyrological documentation, this paper will examine the problems that soldiers’ wives may encounter because of their illegal mar - riage and the attitude of soldiers towards the marriage ban, thus addressing the ques - tion whether Roman soldiers were bad husband material.

New Documents from the Soterichos Archive from Cairo Museum

Walaa Abdel-Hameed Ahmed Elgenedy Cairo Egyptian Museum

New two documents from the Soterichos Archive are preserved in the Egyptian Museum under SR. No 3732. Two documents belong to Soterichos Archive who lived in Theadelphia during the first Century CE: 1. Receipt for Transport-Tax; the text began by the name of the tax collector Her - aklides and his associates who received the account of the transport of grain to the granaries which was paid by Soterichos. 2. Receipt for Grass-Price, the receipt between Posidonius son of Aphrodisios and Soterichos. The payment mentioned in money 39 drachmae. The date backed to the first year of Emperor Nero.

• 165 • Poster Gestellungsbürgschaften als Zeugnisse einer sozioökonomischen Transformation im spätantiken Ägypten

Lucia Waldschütz Poster - Austrian National Library

Im späten 4. und im 5. Jh. vereinte ein Teil der provinzialen Elite immer mehr Grundbesitz in ihren Händen; bislang freie Bauern begaben sich unter die Schirmherrschaft reicher Grundherren, indem sie diesen (freiwillig?) ihren Grundbesitz übertrugen. Im Gegenzug übernahmen die Patrone die Steuerzahlungen der ihnen unterstellten coloni adscripticii . Rechtlich waren die coloni zwar frei, tatsächlich gerieten sie jedoch in Abhängigkeit und ihr Status glich sich dem von Unfreien an. Diese Abhängigkeit der Bauern spiegelt sich ins - besondere in den Gestellungsbürgschaften wider. Da die Bürgschaften keine per - sönliche Verbindung zwischen Bürgen und Verbürgtem erkennen lassen, bleibt fraglich, warum sich der Bürge für die Gestellung einer fremden Person haftbar machte. Umstritten ist ferner, ob die Gestellungsbürgschaften ab dem 5. Jh. n. Chr. auf eine Ortsbindung der coloni abzielten. Dieses Poster über mein Disser - tationsprojekt wird sich der Präsentation einzelner Gestellungsbürgschaften und den dadurch aufkommenden Fragestellungen widmen, beispielsweise ob solche Verträge eingesetzt wurden, um Schollenbindung und Abhängigkeit zu etablieren bzw. zu verfestigen oder ob Formen der Abhängigkeit und Patronage bzw. der Kolonat bei der Ausstellung der Urkunden eine Rolle spielten.

Panel Digital Palaeography and Demotic studies

Fabian Wespi University of Heidelberg

Palaeography seems to be a solid scientific concept and a well-established inter - disciplinary method but it turns out that palaeography is rather a multidiscipli - nary pragmatic technique qualified by disciplinary boundaries and missing a common conceptual framework. Although heuristic strategies are of course not inappropriate from a practical standpoint as long as palaeography is about joining

• 166 • fragments and dating scribal hands, a more elaborate palaeographical examination of written texts may offer various other important insights. Regarding the creation of an interdisciplinary group of research on digital palaeography, it may be expe - dient to consider the question of what the concept of a digital palaeography shall stand for. Is digital palaeography just another heuristic technique that allows us to reach the goals of palaeography by means of digital tools, or may it become a theory-based method to explore written texts in more detail, requiring us to re - consider the different ways of doing palaeography, their premises and their limi - tations? I intend to reflect on traditional and digital palaeographical approaches in Demotic studies in order to provide a baseline for discussion.

Panel The Amathous Curse Tablets (British Museum inv. 1891, 4-11) and PGM VII (British Library Pap. 121): Evidence of Ritual Exchange between Cyprus and Egypt

Andrew T. Wilburn Oberlin College, Ohio

Discovered in the late 19 th century and subsequently acquired by the British Mu - seum, the cache of over 200 lead and selenite tablets from Cyprus is one of the largest archives of curses from antiquity. The tablets were created using a formulary, which included an invocation that the practitioner inscribed on the objects. Some objects refer to themselves as “muzzling deposits” ( τόδε τὸ φιμωτικὸν κατάθεμα ), which denotes a particular type of incantation, found in other curses from across the Mediterranean, most notably in the instructional manual PGM VII (= P.Lond. 121) 396-404. The Cypriot tablets incorporate a number of magical symbols, or charaktêres , that are comparable to those found in PGM VII 396-404. An invoca - tion on one of the selenite tablets to “Chthonic Amphipolis” suggests an association with the ritual language of mainland Greece. This paper uses objects from the British Museum and British Library to frame and assess the broader processes of exchange and recombination of ritual knowledge in the Mediterranean, arguing that ritual experts in communities were instrumental in the transformation and implementa - tion of diverse traditions within local environments.

• 167 • Doing Business in Another Town

Andreas Winkler Stockholm University

The presentation focuses on a Demotic papyrus kept by the British museum that can be dated to the second century BC. It is a petition involving two priests from two Fayumic villages, Kerkeneith and Tebtunis, who were supposed to cultivate fields at a third locality, Muchis. Rather than focusing on the juridical aspects of the text, I will centre on what it can tell us about priests being involved in agri - cultural business in the Ptolemaic period. Since the text contributes to new in - sights into the land tenure regime of temples, e.g. mentioning a specific temple land tax, this aspect too will be highlighted in the presentation, as well as a few topographical remarks about the mentioned localities.

The Elusive Issue of Legal Representation of Monastic Communities in the Late Antique Papyri

Marzena Wojtczak University of Warsaw

Worldly affairs of the monastic communities and monks’ contacts with the ‘world outside’ have become in the recent years a subject of growing interest and debate among scholars dealing with Late Antiquity. The literary sources depicting the Egyptian monastic milieu evoke images of the desert and renun - ciation of the worldly cares and possessions by the monks. The symbolic sig - nificance of the total withdrawal from the earthly matters, ascetic life in the deserted cells, anchoritic assemblages or cenobitic communities have paved its way into common imagination and have occupied an unshaken position ever since. One must, however, remain cautious while attempting to translate the monastic literature into the reality of day-to-day life of monks in Egypt. In fact, social and economical relations between monks and the surrounding world were an inevitable element of the monastic existence. Thanks to the papyri it is pos - sible to investigate the Late Antique monasticism in a much broader spectrum. In my presentation I would like to discuss one of the aspects of this issue,

• 168 • namely the existence of an independent legal personality of monastic commu - nities in late antique Egypt. I would like to address the problem of legal repre - sentation of the monasteries as outlined in the sources of legal practice. For a lawyer, these questions are all the more stimulating since there has been an on - going debate about the existence of the legal persons as such in Roman law and whether we could talk about anything approaching our current understanding of legal personality.

Demosia Phoretra, Phoretra Epispoudasmou : Contextual Explanation of Terminological Diversity in the early Roman Arsinoites

Uri Yiftach Tel-Aviv University

Lease documents from Roman Arsinoites routinely treat future liabilities: the identity of the person responsible for the payment of charges to the fisc. Besides regular taxes, routinely termed demosia , or demosia telesmata , the document also records payments for transportation of state grain: the phoretra . The precise type of phoretra is commonly elucidated through an adjective – in particular, demosios , recorded in nineteen documents. Alternatively, the phoretra could be disam - biguated through a noun in the genitive. In this context, the term epispoudasmos is by far the most common, attested in almost forty texts: the use of the two terms is thus mutually exclusive. With a single exception, that of P.Mert. II 68 (136 CE, Kerkeosiris), whenever the phoretra are termed ‘ demosia ’ they are not labelled epispousamou and vice versa. As the two terms are used contemporaneously (viz. primarily in the second century CE) and are employed in the same region (viz. the Arsinoite nome), it can be asked what evoked their simultaneous use. A closer study of the formulaic context in which the two terms are employed may yield an answer.

• 169 • A New Text from the Archive of the Apiones

Yosra Ahmed Awad Ahmed Mosleh Ain Shams University, Cairo

An unpublished Oxyrhynchus papyrus kept in the Egyptian Museum at Cairo. The text belongs to Apion Archive. It dates to the sixth century CE, especially to the time of Apion II. The text is an account which concerns the expenditure of the Apion estate. The account shows the minus carats system for the amount of the payment. It attests many villages, which are: Premenon, Kerkeures, Pektus, Kinea, and Amuntus. This paper will give an answer: Is Premenon κτῆμα or ἐποίκιον ? The verso contains many numbers, symbols, and abbreviations. So, it could be a Stenography?

Panel An assemblage of Coptic magical texts on leather and their traditional context (BM EA 10391, 10376, 10122, 10434, 10414)

Michael Zellmann-Rohrer University of Oxford

This paper presents the results of textual analysis within the framework of a British Museum Research Board-funded project, “The ‘Hay cookbook’ of Coptic spells and associated ritual handbooks on leather.” (For a prospectus see .) This multi-disciplinary project aims to develop and publish a new approach to the conservation and mounting of documents on leather; disseminate the results of scientific analysis on leather production; and provide the first complete edition and English translation of these Coptic texts of the eighth and ninth centuries CE, ac - quired by the Scottish antiquarian Robert Hay. The contents include recipes for div - ination, healing and apotropaic rituals, and erotic magic, functioning via oral invocations of a range of angelic and demonic powers, inscription of text and signs, and the performance of ritual offerings. The texts are now being studied in the context of the expanded corpus of Coptic magical texts published since the cursory first edi -

• 170 • tions by Angelicus Kropp and Walter Crum in the 1930s (A.M. Kropp, Ausgewählte koptische Zaubertexte , Brussels 1930-1, vol. 1, text M; W.E. Crum, Magical Texts in Coptic , «JEA» 20, 1934, 51-53, 195-200). New readings have been made possible by recent multispectral imaging, a selection of which will be presented, as well as com - mentary on the place of the Hay manuscripts in the diachronic development of mag - ical texts in Coptic. The Hay texts can now be seen as a nexus of contemporary Egyptian Christianity with influences via continuity from ancient Egyptian ritual traditions, in particular the analogical deployment of narratives from the mythological cycle of Horus and Isis, as well as from Jewish post-biblical lore, such as concerning the magical prowess of Solomon and an expansive cast of angels and demons. The Hay manuscripts will also be considered as a synchronic assemblage, based on archival research into their acquisition, providing a case study for the cultural context of pro - duction of magical texts in Byzantine and Islamic Egypt. Analysis of palaeography and dialect features suggests the compilation of a collection over time for the use of a family or association of practitioners.

• 171 •

Panels *

* For the abstracts of the speakers see the section of the Abstracts in this volume.

Panel 1 Public-facing Scholarship and the Reception of Papyrology

Organizer : Katherine Blouin, University of Toronto Chariman : Roberta Mazza

This panel will address the topics of public-facing scholarship in and reception ofpapyrology, with the intent of continuing and advancing ongoing conversations on these subjects both within and beyond academia. What is public-facing schol - arship, and why is it important, in general, and for the field of papyrology in par - ticular? What does the public reception of papyri as objects and texts, and of papyrology as a discipline, say about the socio-economic entanglements of the field?What are the benefits of making papyri “public” today, both to society and to the academics who participate? What are the risks, to individual academics and to universities? In what venues, platforms, and modes are papyri made avail - able beyond academia, and what considerations apply when choosing between them? How can these conversations reverberate in (non-)papyrological class - rooms? And finally, how can the AIP and individual departments support people who are interested in engaging in public-facing papyrology?

Speakers : Brendan Haug , University of Michigan An Open House: the Public Face of the Michigan Papyrology Collection. Myrto Malouta , Ionian University, Corfu Tony Harrison’s The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus as Post-Colonial Criticism. Usama Ali Gad , Ain Shams University, Cairo Papyri and Papyrology in Egypt Revisited. Rachel Mairs , University of reading Katherine Blouin , University of Toronto Public-facing Papyrology from the News to the Classroom.

• 175 • Panel 2 Shared Histories: New work in British Museum and British Library collections

Organizers : Elisabeth O’Connell, British Museum Peter Toth, British Library; Ilana Tahan, British Library Chairman : Elisabeth O’Connell

After the British Library Act of 1972, Latin, Greek, demotic and Coptic papyri and ostraka from Egypt held in the British Museum (BM) were officially divided between two institutions. While demotic papyri and ostraca and Coptic ostraka remained in BM, in what is now the Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan, Greek and Latin papyri, ostraca and tablets, and Coptic papyri are now largely in the British Library (BL), today held by the Western Heritage and Asia and Africa Collections, respectively (for exceptions, see O’Connell in PapyCongr XXVIII). This panel seeks to survey new collaborations and documentation work under - taken by BM and BL and to highlight new research addressing one or more of three strands of enquiry, 1) the utility of new imagining projects and techniques 2) archaeological findspot and provenance revealed through archival research, and/or 3) the cultural context of production. Within these rubrics, paired papers highlight the diversity of language, content and materials.

Speakers : Elisabeth O’Connell , Introduction. Peter Toth , The British Library, London Treasure Island in London: Greek ostraka in the British Library. Ilana Tahan , The British Library, London The Coptic Papyri in the British Library collection. Todd M. Hickey , University of Berkeley Greek and Latin tablets in the British Library and British Museum. Drew Wilburn , Oberlin College The amathous Course Tablets (British Museum inv. 1891, 4-11) and PGM VII (British Library Pap. 121): evidence of Ritual Exchange between Cyprus and Egypt. Michael Zellmann-Rohrer , University of Oxford, An assemblage of Coptic magical texts on leather and their traditional context (BM EA 10391, 10376, 10122, 10434, 10414). Jitse H.F. Dijkstra , University of Ottawa Medieval Coptic Manuscripts in Context: The Colophon of BL Or. 7029 and the Esna-Edfu Manuscripts (10-11 th Centuries).

• 176 • Panel 3 Late Antique Oxyrhynchus: Texts from the Summer Institute in Papyrology at Washington University in St. Louis

Organizer : Irene Soto Marín, Universität Basel Chairman : Todd M. Hickey, University of Berkeley

The aim of this panel is to present the papyri edited by the participants of the Amer - ican Society of Papyrologists’ Summer Institute in Papyrology, held this summer at Washington University in St. Louis. Despite its modest size, the papyrological col - lection in Wash U is an important collection. The papyri were commissioned and obtained from the British School of Archaeology in Egypt after William Matthew Flinders Petrie’s return to Oxyrhynchus in 1922. Although two volumes of texts have been published, important and interesting pieces remained unedited and un - published in the collection until now. During the SIP, unpublished texts were edited by the participants, further elucidating the life of Late Antique Oxyrhynchus. The texts in this panel include a Byzantine lease contract, receipts of payment and peti - tions showing elite women running estate affairs, a rare legal text showing common - itorium, astrological texts, a wine account notably showing arsades as wine recipients, and petitions to the defensor civitatis of Oxyrhynchus.

Speakers : Anna Monte , Humboldt University, Berlin An Official Letter or commonitorium from Washington University in St. Louis. Rebecca Sausville , New York University Oxyrhynchite irrigators as arsades ? A reference explained in P.Wash. inv. 305. Roxane Bélanger Sarrazin , University of Ottawa An Astrological Fragment from Oxyrhynchus. Georgios Tsolakis , New York University Two petitions to the defensor civitatis of Oxyrhynchos. An Order for Payment in the Business of Viticulture in Nomographos. Serena Causo , Ghent University Lease for a Single-Room House in 6 th century Oxyrhynchus.

• 177 • Panel 4 Digital Palaeography

Organizers: Klaas Bentein, Ghent; Gabriel Bodard, London Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello, Basel Chairman : Klaas Bentein

The aim of this panel is to present the Group of Research on Digital Palaeography (GoRDiPal) which counts a rich variety of projects and expertise—in papyrology, epigraphy, palaeography, digital humanities as well as interdisciplinary contribu - tions from outside classics. The presentations will be followed by an in-depth conversation between speakers, organizers, and other participants to identify pro - gress, future work, and collaborations.

Speakers : Vlad Atanasiu , University of Basel Script Styles Panoramas by Computational Synthesis. Fabian Wespi , University of Heidelberg Digital Palaeography and Demotic Studies. Gemma Hayes , University of Groningen The Search for the Qumran Scribes. Antonia Sarri , University of Manchester Hundling of Received Letters from Ptolemaic to Roman Times. Hussein A. Mohammed , Universität Hamburg Computational Analysis of Handwriting Styles in Heavily Degraded Manuscripts. Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello , University of Basel Writing to make a living, writing for oneself, writing for others in a Byzantine village: the new D-scribes project and the Dioscorus archive. Alberto Nodar-Lluís González Julià , Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona What’s inside the cigar boxes? The carbonized papyri of the Palau-Ribes collection.

Discussants : Yasmine Amory, Rodney Ast

• 178 • Panel 5 Jews in the Early Roman Period according to the papyri

Organizers : Tal Ilan, Freie Universität Berlin Noah Hacham, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Chairman : Tal Ilan

In this panel we will be discussing the state of the Jews in Egypt from after the Roman conquest to the end of the Jewish revolt (117 CE) and the demise of the Jewish community. The Panel coincides with the work in progress on the new Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum second volume (the Early Roman period, before 117 CE).

Speakers : Tal Ilan , Freie Universität Berlin The Limited Pool of Biblical Names used by Jews in Egypt in the Early Roman Period. Noah Hacham , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Jewish Quarter of Edfu: A Reconsideration. Zsuzsanna Szanto , Freie Universität Berlin The Jews of Edfu in Demotic ostraka . Meron Piotrkowski , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem On Stars, Emperors and Jews: An Analysis of P.Oxy. 4950.

• 179 • Panel 6 The Nessana Papyri in Context

Organizers : Hannah Cotton-Paltiel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Robert Hoyland, New York University Arietta Papaconstantinou, University of Reading Chairman : Petra M. Sijpesteijn

The Nessana Papyri, both literary and non literary, were discovered some 80 years ago by the Colt expedition in the ruins of the late Byzantine town of Nessana in Israel (see map), brought to New York, and deposited in the Morgan library. This panel will present a new project undertaken by scholars from different countries and focused on this neglected corpus of papyri. This corpus contains material in four languages – Greek, Latin, Aramaic and Arabic – spanning the sixth and sev - enth centuries, so crucial to the understanding of the region in its transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule. Photographs, almost totally absent from the edition, have now been made, and will shortly become available online. The new project has already revealed the existence of five new Arabic papyri and a cache of in - scribed ostraka from the site, located at NYU and hitherto unknown, and proved once more that the materials, both published and unpublished, need to be fully collated and made accessible to all online. It is also a key aim of the project to try to situate the papyri in their archaeological context, since we are talking about (at least!) three distinct archives, found in two different buildings on the site.

Speakers: David Ratzan , New York University Recent Rediscoveries from Nessana. Eline Scheerlinck , Leiden University The Nessana Papyri on their Way to Papyri.info. The Unpublished Fragments in the Morgan Library and Museum. Arietta Papaconstantinou , University of Reading Archive, Geniza, or Dump? Revisiting the Context of the Nessana Finds.

• 180 • Utilia

Addresses: Phone numbers: Studium 2000 General Emergencies : 112 Università del Salento, via di Vale - Medical Emergencies : 118 sio, 73100 Lecce Local Police : 0832 233224

Teatro Apollo For local Phone numbers dial +39 before Via Salvatore Trinchese, 13A, 73100 Lecce Ospedale “Vito Fazzi” Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Castello Carlo V Lecce - t.: 0832 661111 Viale Felice Cavallotti, 73100 Lecce

Monastero delle Benedettine Transports in Lecce di San Giovanni Evangelista Via delle Benedettine, 73100 Lecce Aeroporto del Salento Brindisi (information: 0831 411 7406) Museo Leonardo da Vinci nella città https://aeroportidipuglia.it del Galateo Palazzo Marchesale, Piazza SS. Cro - Crusi Viaggi e Turismo , Transfer Services cifisso, 73044 Galatone (Lecce) (www.airshuttle.it) 0832/305522

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Public Transport Bus : 0832 3400898 Piazza San Lorenzo, 9, 50123 Firenze Central Station Biblioteca Nazionale Lecce, viale O. Quarta, Piazzale Sta - “Vittorio Emanuele III” zione (information: 0832.30.34.03) Piazza del Plebiscito, 1, 80132 Napoli Taxi Lecce Radio Taxi (h24): 0832 2240 Taxi Salento (h24): 331.2410613; 0832 1680068

• 181 •

List of participants

Giulia Agostini [email protected] Ahmed Abdel Fattah Mohamed Youssef [email protected] Ahmed T. A. Khalil [email protected] Maria-Jesus Albarran Martinez [email protected] Stefania Alfarano [email protected] Chiara Aliberti [email protected] José Luis Alonso [email protected] Davide Amendola [email protected] Amin Benaissa [email protected] Serena Ammirati [email protected] Yasmine Amory [email protected] Pierre Luc Angles [email protected] Antonia Apostolakou [email protected] Carolin Arlt [email protected] Anna Arpaia [email protected] Asmahan Abu Alasaad [email protected] Rodney Ast [email protected] Vlad Atanasiu [email protected] Eleni Avdoulou [email protected] Giuseppina Azzarello [email protected] Gert Baetens [email protected] Roger S. Bagnall [email protected] Brigitte Bakech [email protected] Constantinos Balamoshev [email protected] Carla Balconi [email protected] Silvia Barbantani [email protected] Francesco Barbaro [email protected] Gaia Barbieri [email protected] Krystyna Bartol [email protected] Belal Abou Ela Ala [email protected] Roxanne Bélanger Sarrazin [email protected] Nikola Bellucci [email protected]

• 183 • Klaas Bentein [email protected] Roberta Berardi [email protected] Lajos Berkes [email protected] Andrea Bernini [email protected] Miriam Blanco Cesteros [email protected] Ana Isabel Blasco Torres [email protected] Katherine Blouin [email protected] Lincoln H. Blumell [email protected] Gabriel Bodard [email protected] Paola Boffula Alimeni [email protected] Gianluca Bonagura [email protected] Isabella Bonati [email protected] Olivier Bonnerot [email protected] Bianca Borrelli [email protected] Spyridoula Bounta [email protected] Alessia Bovo [email protected] Yanne Broux [email protected] Jelle Bruning [email protected] Ursula Bsees [email protected] Elizabeth Buchanan [email protected] Matias Buchholz [email protected] Adam Bülow-Jacobsen [email protected] Alberto Buonfino [email protected] Stamatis Bussès [email protected] Daniela Cagnazzo [email protected] Isabel Canzobre Martínez [email protected] Mario Capasso [email protected] Livia Capponi [email protected] Clementina Caputo [email protected] Nathan Carlig [email protected] Gerardo Casanova [email protected] Serena Causo [email protected] Juan Chapa [email protected] Rozalia Chatzilamprou [email protected] Marie Pierre Chaufray [email protected] Elena Chepel [email protected] Sanne Christensen [email protected] Robert Cioffi [email protected] Garance Clapuyt [email protected] William Claytor [email protected] Nahum Cohen [email protected] Lucia Consuelo Colella [email protected]

• 184 • Claudia Colini [email protected] Daniela Colomo [email protected] Andrew Connor [email protected] Eleonora Angela Conti [email protected] Diane Coomans [email protected] James M.S. Cowey [email protected] Raffaella Cribiore [email protected] Aurélie Cuenod [email protected] Hélène Cuvigny [email protected] Sonja Dahlgren [email protected] Marzia D’angelo [email protected] Jerzy Danielewicz [email protected] Paola Davoli [email protected] Alba de Frutos García [email protected] Angelica De Gianni [email protected] Janneke De Jong [email protected] Geert De Mol [email protected] Dino De Sanctis [email protected] Davide Debernardi [email protected] Anna Maria Del Bello [email protected] Lucio Del Corso [email protected] Gianluca Del Mastro [email protected] Daniel Delattre [email protected] Alain Delattre [email protected] Mark Depauw [email protected] Tomasz Derda [email protected] Giuseppina Di Bartolo [email protected] Nicole Di Florio [email protected] Jitse Dijkstra [email protected] Nico Dogaer [email protected] Anna Dolganov [email protected] Raymond Dosoo [email protected] Marek Dosp eˇl [email protected] Ruth Duttenhöfer [email protected] Wojciech Ejsmond [email protected] El Sayed Gad [email protected] Audrey Eller [email protected] Eman Aly Selim [email protected] Margherita Erbì [email protected] Elena Esposito [email protected] Holger Essler [email protected] Maria Rosaria Falivene [email protected]

• 185 • Lorenzo Fati [email protected] Victoria Beatrix Fendel [email protected] Rosalba Feo [email protected] Lavinia Ferretti [email protected] Mariacristina Fimiani [email protected] Matilde Fiorillo [email protected] Christelle Fischer Bovet [email protected] Jeffrey Fish [email protected] Kilian Fleischer [email protected] Jacques Florent [email protected] Susan Fogarty [email protected] Jean-Luc Fournet [email protected] Marco Fressura [email protected] Javier Funes Jimenez [email protected] Eugenio Garosi [email protected] Jean Gascou [email protected] P.L. Gatti [email protected] Marius Gerhardt [email protected] Tea Ghigo [email protected] Nikolaos Gonis [email protected] Bruce W. Griffin [email protected] Marianna Guareschi [email protected] Duccio Guasti [email protected] Noah Hacham [email protected] Jürgen Hammerstaedt [email protected] Ann Ellis Hanson [email protected] Cassandre Hartenstein [email protected] Rosalia Hatzilambrou [email protected] Brendan Haug [email protected] Cecilia Hausmann [email protected] Gemma Hayes [email protected] Paul Heilporn [email protected] W. Benjamin Henry [email protected] Todd Hickey [email protected] Solmeng Jonas Hirschi [email protected] Andrew Hogan [email protected] Francisca A.J. Hoogendijk [email protected] Sabine R. Huebner [email protected] Kerry Hull [email protected] Hussein A. Mohammed [email protected] Ibrahim Seada [email protected] Tal Ilan [email protected]

• 186 • Giovanni Indelli [email protected] Grace Ioannidou [email protected] Drakos Ioannis [email protected] Giulio Iovine [email protected] Eva Jakab [email protected] Richard Janko [email protected] Leia Jiménez Torres [email protected] Andrea Jördens [email protected] Gréta Kádas [email protected] Demokritos Kaltsas [email protected] Nikoletta Kanavou [email protected] Erynn Kim [email protected] Aikaterini Koroli [email protected] Marcin Kotyl [email protected] Sophie Kovarik [email protected] Frederic Krueger [email protected] Thomas Kruse [email protected] Myriam Krutzsch [email protected] Giuliana Leone [email protected] Francois Lerouxel [email protected] Francesca Longo Auricchio [email protected] María Paz López Martínez [email protected] Vanderheyden Loreleï [email protected] Julia Lougovaya [email protected] Anna Luijendijk [email protected] Laura Lulli [email protected] Roger T. Macfarlane [email protected] Magda Aly [email protected] Massimo Magnani [email protected] Rachel Mairs [email protected] Dimitra Makri [email protected] Myrto Malouta [email protected] Francesca Maltomini [email protected] Daniela Manetti [email protected] Anastasia Maravela [email protected] Marzia Mareggiati [email protected] Marie-Hélène Marganne [email protected] Isabelle Marthot Santaniello [email protected] Alain Martin [email protected] Raquel Martín Hernández [email protected] David Martinez [email protected] Chiara Martis [email protected]

• 187 • Roberto Mascellari [email protected] Davide Massimo [email protected] Élodie Mazy [email protected] Roberta Mazza [email protected] Michael McOsker [email protected] Chiara Meccariello [email protected] Claudio Meliado [email protected] Rita Melissano [email protected] Eve Menei [email protected] Carmen Messerer [email protected] Gabriella Messeri [email protected] Katharina Michner [email protected] Federica Micucci [email protected] Ági Mihálykó [email protected] Diletta Minutoli [email protected] Giuditta Mirizio [email protected] Vito Mocella [email protected] Mohamed Abdel Ghani [email protected] Mohamed Ramadan Mohamed Elarga [email protected] Mohamed Gaber Elmaghrabi [email protected] Mohamed Morsy [email protected] Chiara Monaco [email protected] Daniel Delattre [email protected] Franco Montanari [email protected] Anna Monte [email protected] Federico Morelli [email protected] Alan Mugridge [email protected] Elizabeth Nabney [email protected] Franziska Naether [email protected] Stefano Napolitano [email protected] Natalia Vega Navarrete [email protected] Federica Nicolardi [email protected] Anika Nicolosi [email protected] Gabriel Nocchi Macedo [email protected] Alberto Nodar [email protected] Noha Salem [email protected] Maria Nowak [email protected] Dirk D. Obbink [email protected] Grzegorz Ochała [email protected] Elisabeth R. O’Connell [email protected] Rosa Otranto [email protected] Mario C. D. Paganini [email protected]

• 188 • Bernhard Palme [email protected] Arietta Papaconstantinou [email protected] Amphilochios Papathomas [email protected] Aleksandra Pawlikowska Gwiazda [email protected] Natascia Pellé [email protected] Marco Perale [email protected] Serena Perrone [email protected] Roberta Petrilli [email protected] Richard Phillips [email protected] Valeria Piano [email protected] Veronica Piccirillo [email protected] Perrine Pilette [email protected] Rosario Pintaudi [email protected] Pasquale Massimo Pinto [email protected] Meron Piotrkowski [email protected] Elisa Antonella Polignano [email protected] Nathalie Prévôt [email protected] Enrico Emanuele Prodi [email protected] Linda Putelli [email protected] Haytham A. Qandeil [email protected] Alejandro Quintana [email protected] Ira Rabin [email protected] Graziano Ranocchia [email protected] Rasha Hussein El Mofatch [email protected] Dominic Rathbone [email protected] David M. Ratzan [email protected] Nicola Reggiani [email protected] Fabian Reiter [email protected] Mara Rescio [email protected] Markus Resel [email protected] Antonio Ricciardetto [email protected] Richter Tonio Sebastian [email protected] José-Domingo Rodríguez Martín [email protected] Cornelia Römer [email protected] Emmanuel Roumanis [email protected] Dimitrios Roumpekas [email protected] Consuelo Ruiz Montero [email protected] Simona Russo [email protected] Alessio Ruta [email protected] Maroula Salemenou [email protected] C. Michael Sampson [email protected] Carmen Sánchez-Mañas [email protected]

• 189 • Silvia Santomauro [email protected] Lorenzo Sardone [email protected] Panagiota Sarischouli [email protected] Antonia Sarri [email protected] Rebecca Sausville [email protected] Chiara Scanga [email protected] Eline Scheerlinck [email protected] Gesa Schenke [email protected] Francesca Schironi [email protected] Stefanie Schmidt [email protected] Valerie Schram [email protected] Lydia Schriemer [email protected] Paul Schubert [email protected] Federica Scognamiglio [email protected] Michael Sharp [email protected] Shereen A. Aly [email protected] Giuliano Sidro [email protected] Nina Sietis [email protected] Petra M. Sijpesteijn [email protected] Tzulia Siopi [email protected] Benjamin Sippel [email protected] Eleni Skarsouli [email protected] Winnie Smith [email protected] Sohair Ahmed [email protected] Suzanne Soliman [email protected] Irene Soto Marin [email protected] Martin Stadler [email protected] Felice Stama [email protected] Kathrin Stenzel [email protected] Matthias Stern [email protected] Joanne Stolk [email protected] Antonio Stornaiuolo [email protected] Marco Stroppa [email protected] Angeliki Syrkou [email protected] Zsuzsanna Szanto [email protected] Ilana Tahan [email protected] William John Tait [email protected] Tamer Mokhtar Mohamed [email protected] Stefania Tateo [email protected] Timothy M. Teeter [email protected] Marianna Thoma [email protected] Johannes Thomann [email protected]

• 190 • Dorothy Thompson [email protected] Kleanthi Tirla [email protected] Pietro Totaro [email protected] Peter Toth [email protected] Sofia Torallas Tovar [email protected] Georgios Tsolakis [email protected] Giuseppe Ucciardello [email protected] Lorenzo Uggetti [email protected] Jakub Urbanik [email protected] Usama Ali Gad [email protected] Guus A.J.C. Van Loon [email protected] Peter Van Minnen [email protected] Lucia Vannini [email protected] Naïm Vanthieghem [email protected] Riccardo Vecchiato [email protected] Claudio Vergara [email protected] Arthur Verhoogt [email protected] Marja Vierros [email protected] Déborah Vignot-Kott [email protected] Stephanie Wackenier [email protected] Sofie Waebens [email protected] Walaa Elgenedy [email protected] Lucia Waldschütz [email protected] Fabian Wespi [email protected] Andrew T. Wilburn [email protected] Andreas Winkler [email protected] Marzena Wojtczak [email protected] Uri Yiftach [email protected] Polina Yordanova [email protected] Yosra Ahmed Awad Ahmed Mosleh [email protected] Michael Zellmann Rohrer [email protected]

• 191 • Finito di stampare il 14 giugno 2019 da Pensa MultiMedia srl Lecce-Brescia