1 Memorize the Independent Personal Pronouns 2 Independent Personal Pronouns (§8.2-8.4) to Write in Hebrew (§8.3) st
These are always the subject of a clause in Hebrew.
1 person is gender-independent, just like English. – I, you, she, he, it, they – Common gender means both masculine & feminine. – NOT me, my, her, him, his – i.e., Women and men say “I” and “we” in the same way.
Mnemonics
Memorize these to write in Hebrew. אנ 1st person begins with – הִ וא All forms in §8.3 except – אַ תּ 2nd person begins with – – E.g., on a quiz, you may be given ה 3rd person begins with – “I” or “1cs independent personal pronoun”
( = he, = she) “Who is he and he is she.” הִ יא הוּא (write both) אֲנִ י , אָ נֹכִי and have to write .at or near end מ Masculine plural (2 nd & 3 rd ) has – – The drill sheet on the website is one way to memorize. .at or near end נ Feminine plural (2 nd & 3 rd ) has –

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3 4 (8.9§) מָה and מִי Interrogative Pronouns (8.8§) אֲשֶׁר Relative Pronoun

This word is part of the vocabulary in §8.12.
These two words are part of the vocabulary in §8.12. – Memorize to translate into English just like the other – Memorize to translate into English just like the other vocabulary words. vocabulary words. מִ י E.g., on a quiz, you may be given – אֲשֶׁר E.g., on a quiz, you may be given – and then have to write “who” (or whom, that, or which) and then have to write “who?”

The spelling never changes – Unlike Greek (which has 17 different spellings)
Mnemonics: ( מִ י ) ?Who? Me –
It has no gender, number, or case ( מָ ה ) ?What, Ma – – Unlike Greek (which has 24 possible parsings)

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This section is FYI.
This section is FYI.

English puts a question mark “?” at the end of a sentence.
It simply consists of six additional question words. – Why? How? Where? .at the beginning of the sentence הֲ Hebrew puts

– Translate it as a question mark at the end of a sentence.
Four of these are listed as vocabulary words in §8.12. – Mnemonic: sounds like “Huh?” – Memorize those four to write in English just like the rest of the vocabulary words.

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7 Demonstratives and Independent Personal Pronouns 8 Demonstratives (§8.5-8.7) Overlap ( §8.3 vs. §8.6)
This is the most important part of the chapter.
The distant demonstrative (i.e., “that” and “those”) has the same spelling as the third-person independent
§8.5 Demonstratives personal pronoun. (he/it (3ms personal) OR that (ms demonstrative = הוּא – This, these, that, those – ou-toj evkei/noj (she/it (3fs personal) OR that (fs demonstrative = הִ יא – , – .are similarly ambiguous הֵ ם , הֵמָּ ה , הֵ ן , הֵ נָּה –
§8.6 Memorize all the forms in the table to write in Hebrew. – On a quiz you may be given “those (m)”
If it has the article, it is a demonstrative adjective. ,write both)
If it lacks the article) הֵמָּ ה , הֵ ם and have to write – The drill sheet on the website is one way to memorize. it can be an independent personal pronoun OR a demonstrative pronoun.

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Demonstrative adjective
Modifies noun. (E.g., this woman, those men)

– Modifies a noun like an attributive adjective.
Matches noun in Gender and Number (fs) זֹאת E.g., that woman –“this woman” uses – (mp) הֵמָּ ה or הֵ ם E.g., these men –“those men” uses –

Always has the article

Demonstrative pronoun
Comes after the noun.

– Takes the place of a noun as the subject of a clause.
Mnemonic: Adjective, After, Article – E.g., This is her daughter. – E.g., Those are his men.

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11 12 Demonstrative Adjective Like Attributive Adjective Demonstrative Pronoun (§8.7.2)

Both modify a noun
Takes the place of a noun as the subject of a clause.
Both come after the noun – E.g., “This is her daughter.”
Both match noun in gender, number, and definiteness.
Matches noun in Gender and Number
BUT demonstrative adjective always has article . (fs) זֹאת This is her daughter” uses“– – Because it always modifies a definite noun. (mp) הֵמָּ ה or הֵ ם Those are his men” uses“– Attributive Adjective Demonstrative Adjective
Does not have the article (a good man) אִ ישׁ טוֹב
Comes before the noun. (a good woman) אִ שָּׁ ה טוֹבָ ה this man)
Mnemonic: Pronoun Precedes de Prived of article) הָאִ ישׁ הַ זֶּה (the good man) הָאִ ישׁ הָ טּוֹב (those women) הַ נָּשִׁ ים הָהֵ נָּה (the good women) הַ נָּשִׁ ים הַ טּוֹבוֹת

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Both take the place of a noun. Demonstrative Adjective Demonstrative Pronoun – A predicate adjective is the predicate of a clause. זֶה הָאִ ישׁ הָאִ ישׁ הָ זֶּה – A demonstrative pronoun is the subject of a clause. Modifies noun Subject of clause
Both match noun in gender and number. (E.g., “this man”) (E.g., “This is the man.”)
Both never have the article.

BUT demonstrative pronoun always comes before the noun. Matches noun in gender & number Matches noun in gender & number

Predicate Adjective Demonstrative Pronoun Adjective, After, Article Pronoun Precedes de Prived of article זֶה הָאִ ישׁ טוֹב הָאִ ישׁ or הָאִ ישׁ טוֹב (The man is good ) (This is the man) After Noun Precedes Noun Has Article Lacks Article זֶה אִ ישׁ טוֹב אִ ישׁ or אִ ישׁ טוֹב (A man is good ) (This is a man) J Beckman 26 June 2007 Copy Freely. HebrewSyntax.org J Beckman 26 June 2007 Copy Freely. HebrewSyntax.org

15 16 Practice Identifying Demonstratives (§8.7) Practice Identifying Demonstratives and Adjectives

Adjective, After, Article Demonstratives: Pronoun Precedes de Prived of article Adjective, After, Article Pronoun Precedes de Prived of article :Adjective (AAA) “this man” Adjectives הָאִ ישׁ הַ זֶּה Pronoun (PPP) “This is the man.” Attributive, After, Article Agrees זֶה הָאִ ישׁ Pronoun (PPP) “This is the good man.” Predicative de Prived of article זֶה הָאִ ישׁ הַ טּוֹב ”Adjective (AAA) “this good man הָאִ ישׁ הַ טּוֹב הַ זֶּה צַדִּ יק הָ עֶבֶ ד הַ זֶּה מֵהַמֶּ לֶ ך הַ הוּא ”.Pronoun (PPP) “This is the day זֶה $הַ יּוֹם AAA AAA PP ”.Pronoun (PPP) “These are the words אֵלֶּ ה הַדְּ בָרִ ים This servant is more righteous than that king. ”Adjective (AAA) “these words הַדְּ בָרִ ים הָאֵלֶּ ה

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