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Z Answer Key! EX–18 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY 5. noun, inanimate, common, count The Beardstown Ladies overestimated the annual return on their stocks. 6. adjective, predicative, not attributive The door was ajar when I got home last night. ?*The ajar door alarmed me. 7. noun, proper, noncount, inanimate Chinese Communism is different from Russian Communism. 8. adjective, attributive, but not predicative My main reason for being here was to get a glimpse of the President. *My reason was main. CHAPTER 5 – STRUCTURE-CLASS WORDS Exercise 5.1 1. The (definite article) the (definite article) second (ordinal number) a (indefinite article) this (demonstrative) the (definite article) children’s (possessive) 2. many (indefinite) the (definite article) 5. the (definite article) third (ordinal number) 3. several (indefinite) this (demonstrative) the (definite article) sufficient (indefinite) last (ordinal number) his (possessive) three (cardinal number) (Neither of the uses of that in this sentence is 4. Our (possessive) as a determiner. The first that stands alone as enough (indefinite) a pronoun, and the second that is a connector.) next (ordinal number) Exercise 5.2 This exercise can best be done in class with the instructor monitoring student efforts. 1. several options 2. someone’s hat EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–19 3. all their effort 4. Mary’s only other friend Exercise 5.3 1. must have been 4. has, can 2. Do, should (be is the main verb) 5. does (second do is the main verb) 3. Has (had is the main verb) Exercise 5.4 (No answers provided for this exercise) Exercise 5.5 1. Several - determiner (indefinite) the - determiner the - determiner has - auxiliary rather - qualifier been - auxiliary last - determiner (ordinal) rather - qualifier night’s - determiner (possessive) that - determiner (demonstrative) had - auxiliary the - determiner last - determiner (ordinal) 2. Does - auxiliary Margaret’s - determiner (possessive) 4. Since many more packages means many packages have - auxiliary more [than they thought], many seems more a less - qualifier determiner of packages than a qualifier of more. George’s - determiner (possessive) But it is a borderline example. might - auxiliary 5. Ought to is more like a modal than a verb. It have - auxiliary will not accept verb inflections, and it appears 3. somewhat - qualifier first in the verb phrase; in fact, the modal a - determiner should could substitute for it. EX–20 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY Exercise 5.6 1. about, into, inside, after = prepositions To crawl is an infinitive: to plus a verb. 2. by, of, in, through = prepositions Down is a verb particle (note that it can move: decided they should close Interstate 670 down). 3. Aside from, of, on, without, in, before, to = prepositions Out and back are adverbs. 4. in, at, on, before, before, on = prepositions Out is a verb particle that combines with figure: figure something out; figure out something. Together is an adverb. To assemble and to figure out are infinitives. Exercise 5.7 1. Her is the object of the verb (show her). 2. I is the subject of the verb arrive. 3. Him is the object of the preposition to; she and he are the subjects of the verb left. 4. Her is the object of the preposition with. 5. Me is the object of the preposition from. Exercise 5.8 1. All students must have their registration forms stamped by the Bursar’s office. 2. No one had remembered to bring a blue book for the final exam. All the students had forgotten to bring their blue books for the final exam. 3. The ending of that movie surprised both Eleanor and me. 4. None of the residents on our side of the street had their house numbers painted on the curb. 5. Anyone who wants to make a personal phone call during the day should use one of the pay phones in the lobby. 6. Someone’s schoolbooks were left on the lunchroom counter at noon. Exercise 5.9 1. when - subordinating conjunction into, from, about, with - prepositions and, yet - coordinating conjunctions EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–21 2. although, after, when - subordinating conjunctions to, about, on - prepositions consequently - conjunctive adverb Off in laid off is a verb particle. 3. because, before - subordinating conjunctions but - coordinating conjunction meanwhile - conjunctive adverb for, of, of, to (in to the meal) - prepositions To in to make creates an infinitive. Down in sat down is a verb particle. 4. if, unless - subordinating conjunctions about, to (in to himself), about - prepositions or - coordinating conjunction To in to keep creates an infinitive. Exercise 5.10 This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by a discussion of results. Students might choose which alternative they prefer and discuss why (based, perhaps, on logic or context). Our suggestions do not exhaust the possible appropriate revisions. 1. run-on a. punctuation: The early bird gets the worm. The second mouse gets the cheese. b. coordinator: The early bird gets the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese. c. subordinator: Although the early bird gets the worm, the second mouse gets the cheese. d. conjunctive adverb: The early bird gets the worm; however, the second mouse gets the cheese. 2. comma splice a. punctuation: John couldn’t study for the exam; he had bought the wrong text for the course. b. coordinator: John couldn’t study for the exam, for he had bought the wrong text for the course. c. su b o rd i n a t o r : Jo hn couldn’t study for the exam because he had bought the wrong text for the course. d. conjunctive adverb: John had bought the wrong text for the course; therefore, he couldn’t study for the exam. 3. comma splice a. pu n c t u a t i on : Last sprin g ’s storms caused flooding throughout the midwest; the drought cont i n u e d in the southwest. b. coordinator: Last spring’s storms caused flooding throughout the midwest, yet the drought continued in the southwest. c. subordinator: Although last spring’s storms caused flooding throughout the midwest, the drought continued in the southwest. d. conjunctive adverb: Last spring’s storms caused flooding throughout the midwest; nevertheless, the drought continued in the southwest. EX–22 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY 4. run-on a. punctuation: Chapter 1 introduces you to fifteen separate characters. The death of fourteen of them in Chapter 2 comes as quite a shock. b. coordinator: Chapter 1 introduces you to fifteen separate characters, and the death of fourteen of them in Chapter 2 comes as quite a shock. c. subordinator: After Chapter 1 introduces you to fifteen separate characters, the death of fourteen of them in Chapter 2 comes as quite a shock. d. conjunctive adverb: Chapter 1 introduces you to fifteen separate characters; subsequently, the death of fourteen of them in Chapter 2 comes as quite a shock. 5. run-on a. punctuation: Eleanor loves to get good grades; she always asks ingratiating questions in class. b. coordinator: Eleanor loves to get good grades, so she always asks ingratiating questions in class. c. su b o rd i n a t o r : Since Eleanor loves to get good grad e s , she alwa ys asks ingratiating questions in cla s s . d. conjunctive adverb: Eleanor loves to get good grades; consequently, she always asks ingratiating questions in class. 6. run-on a. punctuation: Our television set smells like burning rubber; it sets off the smoke alarm. b. coordinator: Our television set smells like burning rubber, and it sets off the smoke alarm. c. subordinator: When our television set smells like burning rubber, it sets off the smoke alarm. d. con j u n c t i v e adverb : Our televi s i o n set smells like burning rub b e r ; in fact, it sets off the smoke alarm. Exercise 5.11 Antecedents are in parentheses. 1. (The car) that [relative]; (an outrageous amount) which [relative] 2. (The computer repairman) whom [relative]; (the lightweight laptop) that [relative] [The first that is a function word – but not a relative – introducing a nominal that-clause, a subject to be discussed in Chapter 10.] 3. When is a subordinating conjunction; (the debts) that [relative] 4. (a good reason) why [relative] 5. (your suggestion) that [relative] [That in that driving test is a demonstrative.] 6. (the summer) when [relative] Exercise 5.12 1. What [interrogative] [When is a subordinator.] 2. Whose [interrogative]; (those) that [relative]; (the desk) where [relative] 3. (The Internal Revenue Service agent) who [relative]; (reasons) why [relative] 4. whom [interrogative]; (the chain letter) that [relative] 5. (Someone) who [relative]; who [interrogative]; (my web page) which [relative]; why [interrogative] EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–23 Review Exercises Missing Structure Words Students may discover other ways of cla ri f y ing the ambiguous headlines in addition to what we suggest. 1. Either Ca n a dian or Ca n a dian Seals could be the subject of this sentence; either seals or deal could be the main verb. Adding determiners clears up both ambiguities: A Canadian Seals A Deal With Creditors. 2. Appeal could be a verb (makes something appeal to) or a noun (makes an appeal). Adding a determiner clarifies the meaning: Clinton Makes A Domestic Violence Appeal to Men. 3. Being shot could modify either deer or jets.Adding the auxiliary makes clear which is intended: Deer Interfering with Jets Are Being Shot at Philly Airport. 4. It appears that the mad cow might have been the speaker at the arts center. A determiner helps: A Mad Cow Speaker at Arts Center. The result is still slightly ambiguous.
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