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V*, „ ^ UMI Number: DC53834 000359 THE ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE IN LITERATURE A THESIS PRESENTED BY T. A. CULHAM, M.A. As partial requirement For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the faculty of Arts at the University of Ottawa MAY, 1947. DEO| ^ % X V*, „ ^ UMI Number: DC53834 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC53834 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 PREFACE . The Royal Canadian Mounted Police have not only played an important part in the history of Canada but they have con­ tributed a great deal to Canadian literature by their deeds and, not infrequently, by their writings. Their hardships on the pion­ eer trails across the prairies, their battles with the Indians, their pursuit of horse- thieves and their relentless trailing of criminals in the Arctic have been the themes of many books by Canadian and American writers. Unfortunately, many of these authors have been more interested in exciting the imagination of the reader than in present­ ing a truthful picture of the subject. It is the object of this thesis to prove firstly, that the greater portion of literature relative to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police read by the public is fiction; secondly, that this fiction contains histor­ ical and technical inaccuracies which have contributed largely to false conceptions held by the Public concerning the Force; and thirdly, that members of the Force and conscientious authors have attempted by their writings to correct these false impressions. In conclusion, it is shown that the Force itself has awakened to the necessity of instilling in the minds of the public a true representation of the Force which guards the national safety of Canada and works in the interest of her law-abiding citizens. PART ONE FACT AND FICTION. Whereby it is concluded that the greater portion of literature relative to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police read by the Public is fiction. 3 THAT the greater portion of Literat­ ure relative to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police read by the Public is fiction can be adduced by three methods: namely, ques­ tionnaires, the public libraries, and the publishing companies. The first method entails the most labour and the most patience. Adults have a natural repugnance to questionnaires as, for the most part, they are reluctant to display any ignorance on a subject with which they should be familiar. Children under twelve years of age have not formed any definite reading habits and have a nat­ ural tendency to read with a desire to ex­ cite their imaginations rather.than to im­ prove their intellects; consequently they absorb-the story but not the details. "Theirs not to reason why" is applicable to their approach of.literature. They find distaste­ ful a questionnaire on-a book which they have read but recently because they have read with a lack of attention to details. To them it is another examination paper as a questionnaire, properly answered, requires 4 a little thought. One can obtain better results in the 'teen age group and from those in their early twenties. On a subject such as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which is distinctively Can­ adian, the results obtained from question­ naires sent to pupils in foreign countries is practically nil, the reason being a lack, of knowledge of Canada's national Police Force. Foreign pupils have heard of this organization and they have read a few stories about it but their knowledge of it is too limited to trust themselves to answer ques­ tions involving details. Even in a country as close to Canada as is the United States young Americans are as loathe to answer questions about the Canadian Police as Can­ adians would be to complete questionnaires on the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or "F.B.I," as it is commonly known, the United States famous "G" men. To have a cross-section of public opin­ ion the distribution of questionnaires must be fairly representative and with this in mind the reader is presented with replies re- 5 ceived from Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, the Turner Valley District in Alberta, and Pennsylvania. Those who answered thesequestion- naires range in a^e from fourteen to twenty-five years and may be *>aid to re­ present the youth of the country. Those in this category showed u preference for fic­ tion. The table shown below represents the various groups and the proportion of fiction books to non-fiction books read by these groups. 1st group - 16 fiction to 2 non-fiction. £nd group - 15 fiction to no non-fiction. 3rd group - 34 fiction to 3 non-fiction. 4th group - 8 fiction to 3 non-fiction. 5th group - 6 fiction to no non-fiction. or a total of 79 fiction books to 8 of non- fiction. Out of a total of 4u0 pupils 56 had react non-fiction books on the Royal Canad­ ian Mounted Police or a ratio of 100: 9. One interesting feature of tlic^e statistics lies in the fifth group composed of thirty honour graduates who openly ad- 6 mitted that their knowledge of the Force was obtained from magazine stories, the comic strips and fiction books by such au­ thors as Curwood. It is quite possible that the school libraries contained a larger variety"of fic­ tion books than of non-fiction but be that as it may the same books were available to all the pupils of each school group and very few chose to reaa the non-fiction books that were at hand. La tneactult group: namely, those Who drew their books from the public libraries, the circulation as sho;n by the "charge-out" Cards is greater in fiction tnan in non- fiction. This could be due to the fact that there are many more readers who wish enter­ tainment rather than truth. Again, many people use the non-fiction as reference books only and do their reading in the library. In such an event the "charge-oat" cards wo.Id not represent the true circulation. Neither would they present a true picture in the event of fiction books leaving the library and being returned unread. 7 Onithe other hand, librarians agree that fiction, whetner. on the Mounted Police or on any other subject, is read more freq­ uently than non-fiction. A few represent­ ative opinions on the subject advanced by librarians strengthen this contention. At Winnipeg,,Manitoba: "It is safe to say that there is a larger- circulation of the books of fiction, as a good many of the non-fiction books are in our Canadian^sect­ ion and are used more for reference than circulation." At Estevan, Saskatchewan: "Judging from our circulation! should say that our fiction books about the R. C. M. P. are borrowed ten times to every one time for the non-fiction.n. At Moosejaw, Saskatchewan: "I agree with you that the public read more fiction on the Mounted Police. In this library non-fiction is very much in demand, as many students of the Collegiate Institutes and Normal Schools are given assignments on this subject." At Summerside, Prince1 Edward Island: 8 "My opinion is that more people prefer read­ ing about them (the R.C.M.P.) in fiction form." At Lethbridge, Alberta: "The average in this particular subject (the R.C.M.P.) is much better for the non-fiction than in some of the others. Two fiction to one non- fiction about the average." At Calgary, Alberta: "I would say, very roughly, that three times as many fiction books are circulated as non-fiction." At Fort William, Ontario: "The circul­ ation here is "quite heavily weighted in fav­ our of the non-fiction—likely due to the fact that non-fiction has predominated on the Canadian publishers' lists of books on the Force. At any rate, our non-fiction lists far outbalance the fiction.v. It was previously stated that the re­ sults obtained from questionnaires sent to foreign countries were practically nil, due to lack of knowledge of the Force. One librar­ ian, who was employed in a library in one of the leading cities of the United States for a couple of years, knows from his experience "that the general knowledge among people there 9 even among the highly educated, of Canada and things Canadian, was just about nil." An actual check of both fiction and non-fiction books on the R. CM. Police was made in several cities. The record of the number of times each book was marked out follows: AT THE CARNEGIE PUBLIC LIBRARY. OTTAWA. ONT. Non-fiction. They Got their Man Godsell - 8 times in 1 year. The Silent Force Longstreth - 20 times in 7 years The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Douthwaite - 15 times in 2 years AVERAGE 6 times in 1 year. Fiction. Honor of the Big Snows Curwood - £0 times in 6 years In Scarlet and Plain Clothes Longstreth - 8 times in 2 years Nighthawk of the North-West White - 14 times in 1 year. AVERAGE 7 times in 1 year.
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