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Antarktis Die Antarktis Gehört Bis Heute Zu Den Am Wenigsten Erforschten Flecken Antarktis Unserer Erde

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Antarktis Die Antarktis Gehört Bis Heute Zu Den Am Wenigsten Erforschten Flecken Antarktis Unserer Erde WikiPress Antarktis Die Antarktis gehört bis heute zu den am wenigsten erforschten Flecken Antarktis unserer Erde. Seit ihrer Entdeckung 1820 und der ersten erfolgreichen Landung auf dem neuen Kontinent ein Jahr später bis in die heutige Zeit Geographie, Geschichte, Natur gehört die Erforschung des eisigen Landes zu den schwierigsten Unterfan- gen der Wissenschaft. Ebenso wie die Menschen müssen sich auch die hier lebenden Tiere den widrigen Umständen von Kälte und Wind anpassen, Aus der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia um in der Antarktis existieren zu können. Pinguine und Robben leben an zusammengestellt von den Rändern des Kontinents und ernähren sich von Fischen und Klein- krebsen, die zugleich auch die Lebensgrundlage für riesige Wale darstel- Achim Raschka len – im Landesinneren gibt es jedoch mit Ausnahme weniger Insekten und anderer Kleintiere kein tierisches Leben. Dieses Buch entführt den Leser auf diesen bis heute weitestgehend unbekannten Kontinent und lässt ihn teilhaben an der Entdeckung, Erforschung und dem Leben im südli- chen Eis. Achim Raschka hat einige Jahre seines Lebens damit verbracht, Biologie zu studieren, und vor vier Jahren sein Diplom mit den Schwerpunkten Zoologie, Humanbiologie, Ökologie und Paläontologie abgeschlossen. Er ist verheiratet und Vater von zwei Kindern, hat einen Facharbeiterbrief als Physiklaborant, ist ehemaliger Zivildienstleistender einer Jugendherberge in Nordhessen sowie ambitionierter Rollenspieler und Heavy-Metal-Fan. Während seines Studiums betreute er verschiedene Kurse, vor allem in Ökologie (Bodenzoologie und Limnologie), Zoologie sowie in Evolutions- biologie und Systematik. Seit dem Studium darf er als Dozent an der Frei- en Universität in Berlin regelmäßig eigene Kurse in Ökologie geben. Au- ßerdem war er kurz beim Deutschen Humangenomprojekt (DHGP) und betreute mehrere Jahre Portale bei verschiedenen Internetplattformen. Zur Wikipedia kam Achim Raschka während seiner Zeit im Erziehungs- urlaub für seinen jüngeren Sohn. Hier ist er vor allem in den Bereichen WikiPress 4 aktiv, in denen es um Tiere ohne Fell geht; allerdings wagt er sich auch in alle anderen spannenden Themenbereiche vor. Veröffentlicht in der Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Antarktis Inhalt Geographie, Geschichte, Natur Aus der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia zusammengestellt von Achim Raschka Vorwort . 9 WikiPress 4 Dieses Buch . 9 Originalausgabe Danksagung . 10 Veröffentlicht im Verlag Antarktis . 11 Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Lexikon . 28 Berlin, Februar 2006 Literatur. 359 Die Artikel und Bilder dieses Bandes stammen aus der Wikipedia (http:// Anhang . 361 de.wikipedia.org, Stand 27. September 2005) und stehen unter der GNU-Li- Gesamtautorenliste . 361 zenz für freie Dokumentation. Sie wurden vom WikiPress-Redaktionsteam GNU Free Documentation License . 364 für den Druck aufbereitet und modifiziert. Sie dürfen diese modifizierte GNU Free Documentation License (deutsch) . 368 Version unter den Bedingungen der Lizenz benutzen. Die Versionsge- Bildnachweis. 373 schichte aller Artikel finden Sie entweder unter der angegebenen Quelle Index . 377 oder in gesammelter Form als Textdatei unter http://www.wikipress.de/ba- ende/antarktis_historien.txt. Eine transparente, elektronische Kopie finden Sie unter http://www.wikipress.de/baende/antarktis.xml. Copyright (c) 2006 Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled »GNU Free Docu- mentation License«. Das Logo der Wikipedia ist durch die Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. urheber- und markenrechtlich geschützt. Umschlagfotos: Roald Amundson (NOAA, Public Domain), Kaiserpingu- ine (NOAA, Freigegeben), Flaggen am Südpol (U.S. Department of Defen- se, Freigegeben), Fryxellsee (Joe Mastroianni/NSF, Freigegeben), Mount Terror (NOAA, Freigegeben), Antarktischer Krill (Uwe Kils, GFDL), l‘Astrolabe (Oliver Zumbrunnen, GFDL), Antarktis (NASA, Freigegeben) Umschlaggestaltung: Ute Scharrer Druck und Bindung: Nørhaven Paperback A/S, Viborg Printed in Denmark ISBN-10 3-86640-004-7 ISBN-13 978-3-86640-004-7 5 An die Leserinnen und Leser dieses Buchs Erinnern Sie sich bitte an Ihre jüngsten Leseerfahrungen mit Sach- oder Fachliteratur. Haben Sie sich gefragt, wodurch sich die Autoren legiti- mieren? Gehen wir einmal davon aus, dass Bücher in aller Regel von Fachleuten geschrieben werden. Sie werden Ihnen an exponierter Stelle im Buch vorgestellt, ihre Qualifikation ergibt sich aus ihrer derzeitigen Beschäftigung, aus ihrer dokumentierten fachlichen Erfahrung und aus der Liste ihrer bisherigen Buchveröffentlichungen. So gibt es letztlich keine Zweifel daran, dass die Informationen der Autorin oder des Autors es lohnen, gedruckt zu werden. So weit, so gut. – Wir hoffen, Ihr letztes Sachbuch hat Sie weitergebracht. Die Chancen dafür stehen gut, denn wir haben im deutschen Sprachraum eine breit gefächerte und nach hohen Qualitätsmaßstäben arbeitende Verlagslandschaft. Aber Moment mal! Ist jeder geschriebene Satz in dem Buch wahr? Lesen Sie nicht mitunter Be- hauptungen, denen Sie weniger zustimmen können? Gibt es überhaupt ein Sachgebiet, in dem sich alle Experten stets einig sind? Nein? Dann müsste es doch zum selben Thema auch ebenso gut gemachte Bücher geben, die zu manch einem Aspekt glatt die entgegengesetzte Auffassung vertreten. Und tatsächlich: Es gibt sie nahezu zu jedem Thema. Was bedeutet dies für Sie? Es bleibt Ihnen nichts anderes übrig, als je- des Buch kritisch zu lesen. Und in diesem Buch laden wir Sie dazu gleich zu Beginn ausdrücklich und herzlich ein! Dieses Buch hat keine Autorin und keinen Autor. Es hat ganz viele. Wie viele? Das können wir Ihnen nicht genau sagen. Wir kennen zudem die wenigsten von ihnen. Wir wissen nicht, wo sie wohnen, was sie beruflich machen, wie alt sie sind oder was sie dafür qualifiziert, dieses Buch zu schreiben. Und noch was: Wir glauben, die meisten haben sich unterei- nander noch nie gesehen. Dennoch begegnen sie sich regelmäßig: In der Wikipedia – der freien Enzyklopädie. Diese Wikipedia ist das bislang schillerndste Beispiel so genannter Wikis, einer neuartigen Form von In- ternetseiten, die es dem Leser ermöglichen, ihre Inhalte nicht mehr nur einfach zu konsumieren, sondern sie spontan zu verändern. Hierbei ist jedem der Zugang erlaubt – Hobbyforschern und Lehrstuhlinhabern, Fachstudenten und Schülern, Jugendlichen und Senioren. Niemand muss seine Qualifikation nachweisen, doch seine Beiträge müssen dem Urteil der Gemeinschaft standhalten, sonst werden sie in kürzester Zeit wieder entfernt. Das Faszinierende hierbei ist: Das Prinzip funktioniert! 6 7 Vieles hat die Wikipedia mit den konventionellen Enzyklopädien ge- meinsam. Anderes hingegen unterscheidet sie deutlich von allen anderen Vorwort Werken. Befindet sich in einem Text in der Wikipedia ein Fehler, so wird er meistens schnell von einem aufmerksamen Mitleser beseitigt. Das ist Die Antarktis gehört zu den letzten Gebieten der Erde, die weitgehend un- etwas, das auf einer statischen Buchseite nicht reproduziert werden kann. erforscht sind. Seit ihrer Entdeckung im frühen 19. Jahrhundert war sie Sie können dem Verlag, der die Enzyklopädie herausgegeben hat, zwar immer wieder das Ziel von abenteuerlustigen Entdeckern, Pionieren und um eine Korrektur bitten, aber Sie können sich nicht sicher sein, dass dies Wissenschaftlern. Vor allem aufgrund ihrer schweren Zugänglichkeit und auch getan wird. In der Wikipedia können und dürfen Sie derartige Kor- der unwirtlichen Lebensbedingungen ist eine Besiedelung der Antarktis rekturen jederzeit selbst vornehmen; Sie werden sogar darum gebeten! durch Menschen bis heute nicht oder nur mit Hilfe modernster Technik Um auch Ihnen – den Buchlesern – Korrekturen zu ermöglichen, ent- für kurze Zeit möglich. hält dieser Band eine Besonderheit: Die »Edit Card«. Auf ihr können Sie Auch andere Lebewesen haben auf diesem Kontinent kaum eine Le- Korrekturen, Verbesserungsvorschläge, erweiternde Informationen oder bensgrundlage, es existieren nur wenige Pflanzenarten, und das größte einfach Ihre Meinung an unseren Verlag einsenden. Unsere Redaktion dauerhaft auf dem Land lebende Tier ist ein Insekt, eine Zuckmücke na- pflegt Ihren Beitrag dann entsprechend in der Wikipedia im Internet ein. mens ➨Belgica antarctica. Zugleich gehört jedoch das Meer, welches die Vielleicht wird Ihnen nach der Lektüre des Buches, wenn Sie sich in das Antarktis umgibt, zu den bevölkerungsreichsten und produktivsten Ge- Abenteuer Wikipedia im Internet stürzen, der eine oder andere Artikel bieten der Erde. Kieselalgen bilden die Nahrungsgrundlage für Milliarden auffallen, der im Wortlaut nicht exakt dem dieses Buches entspricht. Kein kleiner Krebse, die als ➨Krill bekannt sind. Von diesen wiederum ernähren Wunder: die Inhalte der Wikipedia sind ständig im Fluss. Ihre Nutzer le- sich viele Fische und auch die größten Lebewesen unserer Erde, die Wale. sen und arbeiten rund um die Uhr: Sie korrigieren grammatikalische Feh- Die Fische ernähren ➨Pinguine und Robben, und diese sind wiederum die ler, ersetzen ein falsches Wort durch ein korrektes, sie ergänzen wichtige Beute von Räubern wie dem ➨Schwertwal oder dem ➨Seeleoparden. Informationen oder beseitigen eine sachlich falsche Aussage. Dieses Buch dokumentiert nur einen kleinen Mosaikstein aus diesem
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