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Zeittafel (Gesamt) Zeittafel (gesamt) Notizbuch: HistoArktis - Zeittafeln Erstellt: 09.03.2017 21:39 Geändert: 09.03.2017 21:40 Autor: [email protected] Beginn Ende Ereignis -330 -330 Pytheas von Massalia, griechischer Seefahrer, Geograph und Astronom begab sich als Erster um 330 v. Chr. nach Norden. 700 800 Besiedlung der Faröer Inseln durch die Kelten. 795 795 Entdeckung Islands durch irische Mönche 870 870 Ottar aus Malangen (Troms) Fahrt ins weiße Meer.(ca. 880 n.Chr). 860 860 Erste Mönche besiedeln Island. 875 875 Erste Sichtung von Grönland durch Gunnbjörn Ulfsson 920 920 Fahrt von Erik (Blutaxt) Haraldsson ins Bjamaland 965 965 Fahrt von Harald Eriksson ebenfalls ins Bjamaland 982 982 Wiederentdeckung Grönlands durch Erik Raude (Erik der Rote). 986 986 Erste dauerhafte Siedlung auf Grönland, (Brattahlid - heute: Qassiarsuk) gegründet von Erik Raude. 986 986 Gefahrvolles Abenteuer im Nordatlantik 990 990 Der Norweger Thorbjörn Vifilsson reiste von Island nach Grönland, dies Fahrt gilt als die erste Expedition seit den Anfängen der Besiedlung durch Erik Raude. 990 990 Norwegische Kolonisten in Südostgrönland 997 997 Sagenhafte Berichte einer Expedition nach Grönland 1001 1002 Leif Eriksson (Der älteste Sohn von Erik Raude) entdeckt die Baffin Insel, Labrador, und Neufundland,er gilt als der Entdecker von Amerika vor Columbus 1012 1013 Zerwürfnisreiche Vinland-Expedition 1026 1026 Die Legende einer norwegischen Handelsreise nach dem weißen Meer 1032 1032 Vom Weißen Meer zur „Eisernen Pforte“ 1040 1040 Adam von Bremen berichtet von der „ersten deutschen Entdeckungsreise“ zu den „äußersten Achsen des Nordens“. 1065 1065 Nordfahrt des norwegischen Königs Harald des Harten. 1090 1090 Authentische Reise eines norwegischen Königssohnes - Håkon Magnusson 1096 1096 Handelsfahrt Nowgoroder Kaufleute 1123 1123 Die Ankunft eines Bischofs bei den Siedlern in Grönland 1136 1136 Gründung eines russischen Klosters und weitere Einflußnahme in arktischen Gebieten 1169 1169 Eine verhängnisvolle norwegische Seereise - Einar Thorgeirsson 1189 1189 Eine weitere norwegische Seereise - Ingimund Thorgeirsson 1193 1193 Handelfahrten der Nowgoroder mit räuberrischem Charakter 1194 1194 Erstentdeckung Spitzbergens durch Normannen 1217 1217 Norwegische Handels-Seereise zum Bjarmeland 1222 1222 Norwegische Strafexpedition ins russische Bjarmaland. 1250 1250 Die Gründung der Stadt Tromsø. 1267 1267 Nordfahrt der Wikinger 1285 1285 Irrtümliche Annahme, Neuland entdeckt zu haben 1307 1307 Grundsteinlegung der heutigen Stadt Vardö (Norwegen) 1320 1320 Expedition von der Dwina nach Norwegen 1326 1326 Abschluß eines Handelsvertrages zwischen Norwegen und Russland 1333 1333 Grönland-Normannen auf hoher nördlicher Breite in Westgrönland (72°55'N). 1341 1341 Verschwundene Siedler in Westgrönland 1353 1353 Gründung des Handelszentrums Cholmogory 1355 1364 Knutsson - Expedition zur Auffindung der seit 1340 spurlos verschollenen Siedler auf Grönland, in der Nähe von Godthaab. 1360 1360 Nicholas Lynn - West Grönland 1363 1363 Marsch von Nowgorod nach Sibirien 1380 1380 Unwirkliche Deutung einer Seereise 1406 1410 Letzte Seereisen zu den Ansiedlungen in Südgrönland 1411 1418 Russisches Militär leitet eine Agressionsserie ein 1417 1425 Festigung des russischen Einflusses in der Region des Weißen Meeres 1419 1419 Norwegische Beutezüge mit 500 Mann als Rache gegen die Aggressionsserie von 1411 - 1418 1473 1473 Dänisch - portugiesische - Ostgrönlandexpedition. 1483 1498 Expasionspolitik im nordosteuropäischen Sibirien 1496 1496 Diplomatische Mission zwischen Russland und Norwegen 1497 1497 John Caboto - Erste Suche nach der Nordwest Passage. 1498 1498 John Caboto - 2. Reise - Nordwest Passage 1500 1500 Gaspar Corte Real - Südgrönland, Labrador und Neufundland 1501 1501 Gaspar Corte Real - Suche nach einer Durchfahrt in den Pazifik. 1502 1502 M. Corte Real - Suchexpedition nach seinem Bruder Gaspar. Er kommt selber bei der Suche um. 1508 1509 Sebastian Caboto Labrador un Neufundland 1517 1517 Sebastian Caboto Erkundung von Labrador. 1517 1517 Handelsexpedition vom Weißen Meer in okkupiertes Land 1524 1524 Suche einer Druchfahrt von Ost nach West - Giovanni da Verranzano. 1525 1525 Wiederentdeckung von Spitzbergen - Robert Thorne 1534 1542 Suche nach einer norwestlichen Durchfahrt in drei Suchfahrten 1537 1539 Eismeerfahrt zur Südküste Grönlands. Der Hamburger Seefahrer Björn Jansson war vom Kurs abgekommen und traf schließlich an Grönlands Südküste, wo er ein leeres Gehöft entdeckte, und einen toten Mann in norwegischer Kleidung fand. 1540 1540 Der Hamburger Seefahrer Gert Mestermaker wurde 1540 ausgesandt, Grönland direkt anzusteuern und Kontakt zu eventuell anzutreffenden Bewohnern herzustellen. 1553 1553 Englische Handelsherren gründen 1553 die Gesellschaft der „Abenteuer - Fahrer“ und ihr Mentor, Sebastian Cabot, der Sohn John Cabots. 1553 1554 Hugh Willoughby Expedition, Ziel die Nordostpassage. 1555 1555 Rätselhafte Schiffreise eines portogiesischen Seefahrers. 1556 1557 Britische Handels- und Suchfahrt zum Weißen Meer 1557 1557 Stephan Burrough fand 1557 die Meerenge zwischen Nowaja Semlja und Waigatsch. Der Name des Schiffes : „Serchethrift“ 1557 1557 Vier englische Schiffe mit Handelsgut unterwegs in die russische Arktis 1561 1561 'erste deutsche Polarfahrt', Fahrt durch grönländische Gewässer, Mitglied: Gories Peese 1568 1568 Auf Forschungsfahrt entlang der sibirischen Küste 1576 1576 Martin Frobisher 1.Expedition, Ziel Nordwestpassage. 1577 1577 Martin Frobisher 2.Expedition 1577 1580 Kaperfahrten bis an die Nordwestküste Amerikas 1578 1578 Martin Frobisher 3.Expedition 1578 1578 Niederländische Beteiligung am Handel in der Region des Weißen Meeres. 1579 1579 Erfolgloser Versuch, an der Ostküste Grönlands zu landen. 1580 1580 Schiffe “HMS George“ + “HMS William“ Leiter: Arthur Pet und Charles Jackman /England Ziel: Vaigach Insel, Yogorski Island Handelswege, Seeweg nach Japan u. China. 1581 1585 Eroberung Nordwestsibiriens. 1584 1584 Gründung des Seehafens Archangelsk. 1584 1585 Olivier Brunel ( Holland) - Nordostpassage. 1585 1587 John Davis , er lief 1585 zu seiner ersten Fahrt in arktische Gewässer aus und landete, auf der Suche nach der Nordwest-Passage, als erster Neuentdecker Grönlands, das er Land of Desolation nannte, im selben Jahr in der Nähe des heutigen Nuuk. Er umschiffte die Südspitze der Insel und gab dem Kap Farvel seinen Namen. 1594 1594 1. Fahrt von Wilhelm Barents 1595 1595 2. Fahrt von Willem Barents . 1596 1597 3. Fahrt von Willem Barents 1602 1602 George Weymouth - Nordwestpassage mit der HMS Discovery. 1604 1609 Jonas Poole – mehrere Reisen zur Bäreninsel im Auftrag der Muscovy Company. 1605 1605 James Hall, 1. Grönlandfahrt. 1606 1606 James Hall, 2. Grönlandfahrt. 1606 1606 John Knight, Ziel: Nordostpassage. 1607 1607 Walrossjagd im Gebiet der Bäreninsel ? Thomas Welden. 1607 1607 James Hall, 3. Grönlandfahrt. 1607 1607 1607 – Henry Hudson– 1. Fahrt. 1608 1608 1608 – Henry Hudson – 2. FahrtSchiffe: “Hopewell“ Leiter: Henry Hudson / England Ziel: Novaya-Semlja Seeweg nach Indien u. China. 1608 1608 Thomas Welden zusammen mit Jonas Poole zur Halbinsel Kola. 1609 1609 1609 – Henry Hudson – 3. Fahrt. 1609 1609 1609 - Jens Munk 1. Expedition - Novaja Semlja. 1610 1610 1610 – Henry Hudson – 4. Fahrt. 1610 1610 1610 - Jonas Poole - Spitzbergen. 1611 1612 Niederländische Expedition auf Nordkurs. 1611 1611 Beginn der Walfangzeit in den Gewässern um Spitzbergen. 1612 1612 Weitere britische Walfangfahrten nach Spitzbergen. 1611 1611 Jonas Poole, Walfang vor Spitzbergen - mit 2 Schiffen. 1612 1612 Rettungsexpedition für Henry Hudson. 1612 1612 James Hall, 4. Grönlandfahrt. 1612 1613 Thomas Button, die Suche nach der Nordwest-Passage und nach Henry Hudson. 1612 1613 Niederländische Walfangfahrten in den Gewässern von Spitzbergen. 1612 1614 Vier spanische Walfang-Expeditionen zwischen Bäreninsel und Spitzbergen. 1613 1613 Monopolstellung der Moscovy Company in den Gewässern rund um Spitzbergen. 1613 1617 Französische Walfangfahrten in die europäische Arktis. 1614 1614 Wiederentdeckung von der Insel Jan Mayen. 1614 1614 Holländische Forschungsexpedition nach Grönland unter der Leitung von Carolus. 1614 1614 1614 William Gibbons - Nordwestpassage. 1615 1615 Dänisch - norwegischer Autoritätsanspruch in Spitzbergen. 1615 1615 Zweifelhafte Angaben über eine Arktisfahrt. 1615 1615 Robert Bylot und William Baffin - Suche der Nordwestpassage. 1615 1650 Mehrere niederländische Walfang-Expeditionen in die Arktis. 1616 1617 Wahrscheinliche Entdeckung des Wychelandes. 1616 1616 Robert Bylot und William Baffin - 2. Expedition nach der Suche, der Nordwestpassage. 1617 1619 Fangbehinderungen der „Eindringlinge“ durch die Moscovy Company. 1617 1617 Kap Tscheljuskin - Nordostpassage ? Flachgehendes Boot 10 Jäger Land: Russland Ziel: Mangazeva bis östlich Kap Tscheljuskin Felle, Walrosszähne, Mammutzähne, … 1618 1618 Vergebliche Suche nach wertvollen Metallen im Petschoragebiet in der russischen Arktis. 1619 1620 Einer der ersten wichtigen Seefahrer im Eis war der Däne Jens Munk (1579 - 1628), der im Auftrag des dänischen Königs Christian IV. den Auftrag bekam, den Seeweg von der Hudsonbai in den Stillen Ozean zu finden. 1620 1620 Nur geringe Ausbeute einer Fangfahrt nach Spitzbergen. 1620 1625 Russische Jäger auf großer Fahrt zum Lenafluß. 1625 1625 Der Engländer William Hawkerich steuerte direkt die Hudsenbai in der kanadischen Arktis an. Der Nordwestkurs Richtung Pazifik war nicht durchführbar. 1625 1625 Abbruch einer niederländischen Nordostexpedition. 1627 1631 Russen
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