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Annual Report and Investigators' Summaries 1962 63

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Annual Report and Investigators' Summaries 1962 63 RESTRICTED Material in this report is not to be quoted without explicit permission FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA ARCTIC UNIT Montreal, Que. Annual Report and Investigators' Summaries April 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963 H. D. Fisher, In Charge FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Report for 1962-63 of the Arctic Unit, Montreal, Que. by H. D. Fisher, Scientist in Charge The primary purpose of the Arctic Unit's work is to establish a basis of biological information on arctic aquatic productivity for the best economic develop- ment of the resources involved. Development in the Yukon and Northwest Territories proceeds solely under Federal administration, and problems involving exploitation of fishes and marine mammals are spread over the entire breadth of the Territories. For logistic and administra- tive efficiency therefore the Board's arctic research has been largely centralized at the Unit's current quarters at 505 Pine ive. West in Montreal. The lease on these quarters expires in 1963, and plans are proceeding for the building of a new laboratory at Senneville, on the west end of Montreal Island. The Unit's 50-foot motor vessel "Calanus" was sailed directly to Montreal from Churchill during the summer to undergo a thorough dry-dock inspection in pre- paration for a re-fit during 1963. The 38-foot explora- tory fishing vessel "Salvelinus" worked from Liverpool Bay to Baillie Island on the western arctic coastline and was wintered at Cape Parry. -2- Arctic Islands SurVey Major highlight of the year was an aquatic bicilogical survey of the Canadian Arctic Islands. A coordinating base was established at Cambridge Bay on Victoria Island. From a supply depot laid down at. Resolute, Cornwallis Island by Department of Transport supply vessel from.Montreal in 1961, four stationary camps were established: at Eureka, Ellesmere Island; Assistance Bay, southeast coast of Cornwallis' Island; Creswell Bay, east coast of Somerset Island; Castel Bay, north coast of Banks Island. From these camps visits were made to the north coast of Axel Heiberg Island; Strand Fjord on the west coast of Axel Heiberg; the . northwest portion of Grinnell Peninsula on Devon Island; Eleanor Lake in northeast . CornwalliS Island; Prince of Males Strait between Banks and Victoria Islands; the west coast of Banks Island; Thomsen River, Banks Island; and 10 lakes'in. central Victoria Island. A Main base- laying flight in spring, and a pick-up flight in thé fall, were made with a Bristol freighter aircraft. Other air-lift was by Beaver and Otter aircraft fitted . with,oversized balloon tires, and an Otter with floats. Travel otherwise was by canoe, inflatable boats and dog teams. The major activity was intensive fishing.and bottom sampling in both fresh and marine areas; collec- tion of limnological data and biological oceanographic sampling. Substantial collections of fishes, especially marine species, were made. The marine collection has been deposited in the National Museum of Canada. Fresh- water collections will eventually be sent to the Royal Ontario Museum and the U.B.C. Institute of Fisheries. Arctic char as expected were encountered almost everywhere in the survey, and data were collected on both anadromous and land-locked stocks. Collections of para- sites are being worked up by the Institute of Parasitology of McGill University. Lake herring (Coregonus sardinella) and lake trout (Salvelinus namavcush) were found both on Victoria Island and at the north coast of Banks Island, probably the most northerly known occurrence of these species. The known range of the whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) was extended with its discovery in an inland lake of Victoria Island. Much interesting information was collected on "relict" species of aquatic fauna, which will contribute knowledge on the history of lake formations. Oceanographic work included the occupation of 162 stations, yielding 682 plankton, 202 benthos and 10 intertidal collections. Temperature, salinity, oxygen and other chemical data were taken from 56 oceanographic stations. While study of the zooplankton material has just begun, preliminary sorting of benthic material is completed, and several groups have been identified while others are under study. The survey has extended the range of collected material into areas not previouSly touched, and affords for the first.time a good basis for the assessment of -› specie s. distribution throughout the arctic. It is a pleastire•to acknowledge the assistance and courtesies extended by the R.C.M. Police; - Departments of Transport, Northern Affairs and National Resources, National Health and Welfare and Mines and Technical Surveys; the Royal Canadian Air Force; the Hudson's Bay Company; the Roman Catholic Missions and Arctic Lodge Hotel, Cambridge Bay, through whose help working and living conditions were made.easier. In addition, equipment was loaned by the Jacobsen-McGill Expedition, the Arctic:. Institute of North America and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Victoria Island Fiaheries ,Studies on arctic char and lake. trout.stocka'of- Ferguson Lake,draining into Wellington BaY,• Victoria › Island, were'continued frOm May • to October.. Development 'of a COmmercial2 enterprise,- started.last-year-at Greiner ' .Lake, Cambridge_Bay, - wasdiverted to.Ferguson Lake Where, â larger potential is indicated . The commercial fishery' took about 17,000 lb of char, and 28,000 lb of lake ,troUt, while an Eskimo subsistenc e . fishery tààk an'estimated ., • , 67,500.1b of char and 7,500 lb of lake• trout. The pro-. .portions of the 2 species'in the commercialllshery. fluctuated with movements Of the stocks,•lake troutforming . about 40% of the catch early in the seàson and, 90%lay early' August. Catches of the anadromous form of char in the sea included very few that were maturing, whereas a large proportion that remained in the lake were nearing spawning condition. Initial recaptures from a small scale tagging experiment indicated that char move in the sea up to at least 80 miles from Ferguson Lake; that a movement of at least 20 miles within the lake occurS between summer and winter fisheries; that 3 tagged char moved into a different watershed over 60 miles from the point of tagging; and that a high degree of residence is indicated for lake trout within a very restricted area. N.W.T. Lake Fisheries As part of a program associated with the opening up of lakes in the Northwest Territories to commercial fishing, an intensive study was carried out of Keller Lake (157 sq mi), one hundred miles south of Great Bear Lake. Until 1960 no fishing had been carried out on this lake. Since 1960, part or all of the catches have been sampled, and total catches recorded. In 1963 in addition to fish sampling, a bathymetric survey was completed and observa- tions were made on bottom fauna, plankton and physical limnology throughout the open water season (mid June to mid October). The bulk of approximately 150,000 lb of fish removed since 1960 is made up of lake trout and common whitefish. There is no evidence to date of any change in_ mean size of fishes 'caught. Whitefish averaged 22 in and 5.5 lb, lake trout 17.4 in and 4.3 lb. Western Arctic Fisheries Exploratory fishing from the M.V. "Salvelinus" was continued, by gill-netting, bottom trawling and beach seining. A total of 53 stations were occupied, at each of which plankton, temperatures, fish and bottom invertebrates were collected. At 11 stations more detailed physical samples were collected. • True herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) was the most abundant fish. Sizeable stocks appear to exist •between Liverpool Bay and Darnley Bay. In mid July gill-net catches of mature herring were taken in western Liverpool Bay, and again in mid August at Baillie Island, where large schools occurred in the surface layers. In late August in eastern Franklin Bay a dense concentration of herring was encountered from the surface to 7 fathoms for about 2 miles. In Cape Parry harbour, jigging fOr arctic-. cod (Gadus ogac) 'produced about 100 lb per hour, per man. , Harp Seals - Continued heavy pressure on stocks of harp seale in the northwest -Atlantic by international sealing Interests has been:accompanied by research designed to maintain a . watching brief on the size of stocks, their-age.compoSition and periodic checks on other aspects of their biology. A sample collected from the kill of older, moulting seals east of Belle Isle during the latter half of April showed a good survival of two year old seals following a below average catch of 79,000 young in this area in 1960 and an unusually low catch of 10,000 older seals in 1961. One year olds showed poorer survival following à kill of 133,500 young in 1961. Mature females entered the moulting patches rapidly between April 21 and 27, confirming the view from previous sampling that this period of their sudden increase is constant from year to year. A small sample of ovaries from the east coast of Newfoundland in 1962 suggests that the estimated reduction in stocks of northwest Atlantic harp seals from 3 million to 3..j million in the last decade has been accompanied by a lowering in the mean age of females at sexual maturity. This possibility will be checked . further. An attempt was made to estimate the size of northwest Atlantic stocks of harp seals in April 1962 by an aerial photographic survey of moulting immatures and adults. Previous population estimates have been based on surveys of the whelping patches in March. April surveys in the Gulf of St. 'Lawrence were found to be impracticable because of the scarcity of ice. From returns of tags and migration habits, the breeding stock here is considered to be distinct from that east of Labrador and Newfoundland. 8- The population of harp .seals off the.east.coast of - Newfoundland - and Labrador from this survey, excluding yoUng of the year,, was estimated at 800,000, compared to almost 2,000,000 ten years ago from whelping patch surveys.
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