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Fisheries Research Board of Canada RESTRICTED Material in this report is not to be quoted without explicit permission FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA ARCTIC BIOLOGICAL STATION Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P.Q. tà.ikektAkt !, • 9tek 'CUPP- -" -Annual Report and Investigators , Summaries April 1, 1964 to March 31, 1965 J. G. Hunter, In Charge to Dec. 31, 1964 C. J. Kerswill, Director, from Jan. 1, 1965 RESTRICTED Material in this report is not to be quoted without explicit permission FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA ARCTIC BIOLOGICAL STATION Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P.Q. Annual Report and Investigators , Summaries April 1, 1964 to March 31, 1965 J. G. Hunter, In Charge to Dec. 31, 1964 C. J. Kerswill, Director, from Jan. 1, 1965 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Report for Calendar Year 1964 of the AxCtic Biological Station, Montreal, Que. by J. G. Hunter, Scientist in Charge. The objectives of the Arctic Biological Station embrace a study of the biology of northern aquatic environments and the establishment of a basis of biological information on arctic aquatic productivity for the best economic development and optimum use of the resources involved. The Station operates two vessels, the 50-foot M.V. Calanus which has been undergoing refit in Montreal during the past year, and the 38-foot M.V. Salvelinus which has been carrying out explora- tory fishing and hydrographie work in the central Arctic. A third vessel, the 119-foot Radium Gilbert has been on charter for the past two years for use in a fisheries and limnological survey of Great Bear Lake. The time available for field work in open waters in the Arctic is normally limited to a period of three months in the summer. Extreme ice conditions of the past year restricted open- water work to a much shorter period. It is expected that a new laboratory in Ste. Anne de Bellevue will be occupied by staff in February. -2- Fisheries Investigations Char Studies Nettilling Lake. A survey of the arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)potential of Nettilling Lake, Baffin Island, was initiated in cooperation with the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the early spring. Results indicate that large areas of the lake have only a small landlocked char population and that only certain locations near main inflow rivers provide areas where reasonable fishing success might be expected during summer months. Many of these fish are parasitized by Diphllobothrium sp. The anadromous char- started their return to the lake on September 5 and were sampled until September 11 when weather conditions made it necessary to close the survey. Growth rate of the char in Nettilling Lake is slow and production is very limited. Use of the accumulated capital stocks of both landlocked and anadromous char on a short-term basis is suggested as an efficient method of utilization. Frobisher Bay. During the period 1958 to 1963 the 10,000 pound quota commercial fishery for arctic char in Frobisher Bay has shown a steady decline in catch per unit of fishing effort, while average size and age of the fish have remained constant. No further decline in catch per unit of effort was found in the 1964 fishery. An estimated reduction of 70% of the sport and subsistence fishery over previous years is considered an important factor in checking this past decline in fishing success. Labrador. A program of study was initiated on the arctic char in the Nain area of the Labrador coast in order to gather information related to the population dirnamics of the stocks under -3- conditions of a relatively heavy fishery. Great Bear Lake In the second year of the limnological and fisheries survey of Great Bear Lake the two northern arms, Smith and Dease, were examined and the morphometry plotted. Both arms had many reefs and shoals within a few feet of the surface. Titrations made at selected locations throughout the lake showed no lack of oxygen in the water, indicating a turnover of the bottom waters. But the near constant water temperatures below 200 metres obscure the mechanism of turnover. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were found to be universally distributed throughout the lake. Small catches resulted from gill netting in even the deepest water and at dis- tances of 18 miles from nearest land. Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) were fairly numerous in only the more sheltered bays. Other species of fish caught included pickerel (Stizostedion vitreum), pike (Esox lucius) and faar.-horned sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis thompsoni). Invertebrate organisms tended to be restricted to great depth and possibly uniform temperature regimes. Baker Lake Observations made during the winter at Baker Lake showed the presence of a slightly saline layer on the bottom indicating access to the sea under certain conditions. Although the salinity was very low (50 ppm at 25 metres and 342 ppm at 60 metres) the proportions of constituents clearly indicated a marine origin. -4- Marine Fisheries Exploratory fishing from the M.V. Salvelinus was continued in the Cape Parry area and Cambridge Bay by gill netting, bottom trawling and long lining. Three stations were sampled a total of 14 times for temperature and salinity observations and collection of plankton samples. Fishery work consisted largely of locating and sampling cod, Gadus ogac and Arctogadus borisovi. Bottom areas suitable for cod trawling were found to be scarce in the Coronation Gulf area. Echo traces Showed a very low general abundance of fish except in semi-enclosed harbours and bays. Examination of ages of -G. ogac taken during the past three years indicate complete dominance by single year classes, suggesting that abundance may fluctuate markedly from period to period. Marine Mpmmal Investigations Harp Seals Young harp seals were tagged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the period March 1 to 11 in an attempt to determine the numbers of young animals present and the rate of exploitation. A total of 2844 young seals (whitecoats) were tagged. Subsequent recoVery of tags and reperted kills indicated a production of 120,000 young seals. A confirmatory estimate based upon an aerial photographic survey and other sightings of breeding females raised this estimate to 150,000 young. This population with a known kill of 80,500 indicates a total fishing mortality of 54%. In one group of seals photographed on three separate days the counts suggested that over 65% of births occurred between the dates February 28 to March 4. -5- Numbers of breeding female and young harp seals east of Belle Isle ("Front") were estimated from a photographic aerial survey from March 7-11. Resulting estimates were adjusted to include breeding groups missed in the photographic survey to give a population estimate of 200,000 young seals. A kill of 179,000 young seals reported by ships alone indicates the commercial fishery removed 80 to 90% of the annual production. Under this intensive fishery the Front stocks of harp seals will continue to decline despite an increase in fertility shown in recent years. White Whales Sampling of white whales in northwest Hudson Bay from a net fishery at Whale Cove was concluded this year with adequate information having been collected for determining the absolute ages of specimens and vital statistics of the population. East Coast Whales Several groups of observers including those at a new limited whale fishery off the east coast of Nova Scotia, personnel of the M.V. Harengus, officers of the cable ship Lord Kelvin, and the R.C.A.F. provided information on species distribution and abundance of whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and offshore areas. Ten species of whales, dolphins, and porpoise totalling about 800 separate animals and over 32 separate herds of dolphins and porpoise were reported. Grey Seals Information accumulated from tagging and marking experiments on young grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) show an -6- active dispersal over a wide area from their place of birth. The large concentrations of grey seals found at Miquelon (France) and scattered along the Newfoundland and Labrador coasts appear to originate in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and eastern Nova Scotia. Codworm The relative importance of harp, grey, and harbour seals as vectors of codworm (Porrocaecum LifslEitan), based upon reported incidence of infestation and present population densities of seals in different areas, is shown in Appendix 10. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence the harp seal, despite its - short residence, appears to be the most important vector of codwormi grey and harbour seals fill this position elsewhere on the coast. Narwhal Studies of the biology of the narwhal were continued in Milne Inlet, northern Baffin Island, during the summer. A total of 18 animals, mostly females and their calves were netted. Stomachs contained a few squid beaks and cod otoliths but no signs of recent active feeding. Observations on behaviour during the summer migration into the inlet suggest that mating may occur at this time. Narwhals are gregarious, usually travelling in groups or pods of up to 10 animals. On several occasions herds of between 100 and 200 were seen in the bay while on one occasion a herd estimated to contain at least 2000 narwhals of all sizes was observed. Biological Oceanography Zooplankton Examination of zooplankton collections taken by the Canadian vessels Baffin and Sackville during the Norwestlant 2 portion of the 1963 ICNAF environmental survey of Greenland waters has been completed and the distribution of zooplankton biomass in the upper 100 metres has'been analysed. The region of maximum standing crop in the central Labrador Sea and central Davis Strait was characterized by the presence of the greatest number of many of the larger stages of Calanus finmarchicus as well as several other species of copepods, amphipods, chaetognaths, pteropods, adult euphausiids, polychaetes and ostracods.
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