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Resettlement a Ction Plan(Rap)

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Resettlement a Ction Plan(Rap) THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA ~RP1 68 MINISTRY OF WORKS TANZANIA NATIONAL ROADS AGENCY - TANROADS Public Disclosure Authorized Review and Update of Feasibility Study and Detailed Design of Singida-Shelui Road Section Phase II Detailed Engineering Design . - Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT - ~. ~ Or ~) uiJCr GRiTF3J cig ?- Annex 8 - ENVINRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMVENT (EIA), SOCIAL IMPA CT ASSESSMVENT (SIA) & Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT A CTION PLAN(RAP) ENVINR ONMENTAL IMPA CT A SSESSMENT (EIA), SOCIAL IMPACTASSESSMENT (SIA)& RESETTLEMENTA CTION PLAN (RAP) AS AMMENDED BY TANROADS Public Disclosure Authorized TECHNIPLAN Rome and Dar es Salaam, May 2003FILE COPY I Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 PART 3 RESETTLEMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (RIA) & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 51 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 9. RESSETTLEMENT IMPACT ASSESSEMENT & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 9.1 Project Description in Relation to Resettlement The road influence area is characterized by four types of urban and rural settlements as reviewed below: i. Remote Village Areas ii. Village Areas Crossed by the Road iii. Trade Centers iv. Urban Areas, 9.1.1 Remote Village Areas. The rural territory - which covers 96% of Singida Region - is divided among 236 Administrative Village Areas (A VA). The AVA are the smallest territorial units, at the bottom level of the administrative hierarchy.' The Regional Government, with foreign aid, is mapping their boundaries. The AVA have an average surface of 210 sq km with 3,600 inhabitants, two-thirds farmers, the rest semi-nomadic herdsmen, both segments sharing common lineage affiliations. In remote areas, uninfluenced by road traffic,2 most hamlets have traditional, nucleated layouts, with the homesteads built concentrically around the main meeting place, where the house of the elected Village Chairman is frequently found. No regular street grid separates the compounds. Hedges or palisades encompass the huts where the households, usually more than one, reside. Land occupancy rights are still inspired by customary law and household members take care of the tracks, the water supply and other communal facilities. Isolated homesteads are rare in the countryside, save seasonal herdsmen camps, makeshift farmring shacks and a few compounds of medicine men. Specialized buildings - stores, temples, offices - are uncommon, except primary schools, located a mile or so from the nearest hamlet and serving more than one AVA. As traditional hamlets lie far from the road, their land tenure system will hardly be affected by the project. 9.1.2 Village Areas traversed by the project road. Singida -Shelui Road splits 10 AVA, covering a total surface of 2,500 sq km, with some 40,000 inhabitants. General features. Unlike traditional hamlets , the villages crossed by the project road are modem settlements, with a regular layout complying with the physical planning rules introduced by the Govemment since the 1960s. Under such rules, the village streets must be reshaped into a geometric grid on both sides of the trunk road, clear of the right of way. The elected Village Chairman is responsible for rule abidance. He allocates square plots to those who intend to build new houses. The old houses were realigned in the grid long time ago. The State owns the land but the dwellers enjoy a free occupancy right, compensated if the plot is confiscated for public utility. The built-up portions of the modem AVA are ribbon shaped, with house rows lining both sides of the highway to exploit through-fare business opportunities. The Village Areas crossed by the project road feature specialized buildings facing the road front, such as stores, bars, small hotels, eating rooms and workshops. Vendor stalls and shacks are also frequent. Village Areas are grouped in Wards (Kata), which in their turn are grouped in Districts (Wilaya) Larger villages are divided in administrativequarters and hamlets 2 The region's trunk roads connect Singida Town respectively with Manyoni. Arusha and Nzega Annex 8-Parn3 Annex 8 - 52 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineenng Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 Along the road, village dwellers are ethnically mixed and economically diversified, with immigrants from other regions. Extended families are rarer than in remote hamlets. Upgraded Village Quarters. Along Singida-Shelui road section, the Regional Government has participated to the development of some major villages, like Misigiri, Ulemo and Shelui Nselembwe, designing grid-shaped quarters served by streets, wells, markets and other amenities. The Local Government has built the urban infrastructure of these new quarters and rents out the plots for Sh 4,500 yearly to those who intend to build houses, complying with the prescribed rural-construction standards. Although Upgraded Village Quarters date back to the 1980s, half of them are still empty due to weak demand (or over-sized offer). The underdevelopment is contributed by: * People prefer the plots granted free-of-charge by the Village Chairmen, * The Regional Government lacks funds to complete the infrastructure of the planned quarters. Among the Government-sponsored Upgraded Village Quarters, only one, in Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center, is affected by the present road project (see below). 9.1.3 Trade Centers: they are a special category of settlements, founded by Arab merchants in rural Tanzania more than a century ago. Such Centers enjoy a legally-defined urban status, blending the authority of an elected Council with the customary trading prestige of the descendants of the Arab forefathers, most coming from the Sultanate of Oman. Over the years, the Trade Centers have attracted a host of incomers from Singida and other regions. Their population is in the 2,000-5,000 range, mostly made up of traders-cum-farm. The migration turnover is quite high. The District Town Planning Offices have re-designed the layout of the Trade Centers, featuring rectangular plots of a standard size (m 15 by 10), rented by the Regional Government at Sh 4,500 yearly to both the old residents and the newcomers. Numerous traders rent two or mhore contiguous plots to have a multi-compartment house. District Authorities build streets, wells, drains, latrines, markets, bus stops, postal services and other amenities. There is a primary school in each Trading Center. Singida - Shelui road section cuts across two Trading Centers, namely: Iguguno at km 22, Shelui -Nselembwe at km 86, 9.1 .4 Singida Urban Area. Singida Town rose as a Trade Center established in pre-colonial times by an Arab merchant near the ruler's headquarters of a local ethnic group. In the colonial period, the town became a major administrative center. Nowadays, Singida Urban Area covers a District surface of 310 km2, with 150,000 inhabitants. The town core extends over 15 km2 with 95,000 residents. The remaining urban administrative area is, as a matter of fact, strewn with small rural settlements. Singida - Shelui road cuts across 10 kn of Urban District land, northwestward from the present zero point until Singida Rural District border. Up to km 10, the road cuts across typical countryside landscapes, with agro-pastoral villages, hamnlets and sparse homesteads. The project will slightly affect Singida town as the right of way is quite narrow in Singida's urban outskirts - 15 m on each roadside, as prescribed by urban street regulations - few buildings encroach into the corridor. 9.2 Potential Impacts The upgrading of the road to bitumen standards requires the respect of the right of way, totaling 54.25 acres. Such right is 22.5 m on each side of the design centerline in the rural areas, for a total length of 99.427 km. For 10 km of road in Singida Urban District the right of way is 15 m on both side of the centerline. The design route will cross 12 major towns and villages. In each settlement the project will impact on current land use both within the right of way corridor and outside. It requires the relocation and compensation of both residential buildings, business or Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 53 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 community service premises and farms. For this reason, some buildings belonging to the Administrative Village Areas (AVA) intersected by the road must be demolished. At Iguguno trading center: The road will be realigned. It will cross in the farmlands and residential areas. Some buildings will be demolished. The bypass around the town will not physically affect the Center. However, the center will be economically affected as local business people will miss the new traffic flow and will be obliged either to resettle closer to the new route, or to try a new chance elsewhere. It is now a matter of local policy whether the project should assist this spontaneous relocation effort, even though precedents of this kind can hardly be found in earlier environmental studies for road projects across the country. It is most likely that the settlements will move towards the new road realignment as it is not far (about lkm) from Iguguno trading center. At Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center: The project road will affect the Center physically but also slightly in business-wise: in fact, a whole row of houses and commercial premises lining the right side of the road, Tabora direction, encroaches into the right of way, but can be relocated in the immediate vicinities, possibly without 'damaging the business opportunities. The improvement of road may affect the business at Shelui trading center, as many vehicles may not stop at Shelui due to good road condition. The resettlement in the area will be contributed by road construction works including road realignment, civil works, borrow pitting activities, camp siting and detours.
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