Canllawiau S4C Ar Gyfer Isdeitlwyr Yng Nghymru

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Canllawiau S4C Ar Gyfer Isdeitlwyr Yng Nghymru Canllawiau S4C ar gyfer isdeitlwyr yng Nghymru Diweddariad cyntaf: Chwefror 2008 Hawlfraint: Heulwen L. James Cedwir pob hawl. Ni cheir atgynhyrchu unrhyw ran o'r cyhoeddiad hwn na'i gadw mewn cyfundrefn adferadwy na'i drosglwyddo mewn unrhyw ddull na thrwy unrhyw gyfrwng electronig, mecanyddol, ffotogopïo, recordio nac fel arall, heb ganiatâd ymlaen llaw gan yr awdur. CYNNWYS RHAGAIR ..................................................................................... v RHAGYMADRODD ......................................................................... vi CANLLAWIAU Addasu diwylliannol ................................................................ 7 Ailddarllediadau ................................................................... 13 Amseru ............................................................................... 14 Ansicrwydd yn y llefaru gwreiddiol .......................................... 18 Atalnod llawn ....................................................................... 19 Atalnodi .............................................................................. 21 Barddoniaeth ....................................................................... 23 Camgymeriad yn y gwreiddiol ................................................ 26 Caneuon ............................................................................. 28 Capsiwn cydnabod isdeitlau ................................................... 40 Cerddoriaeth offerynnol ........................................................ 41 Chevron .............................................................................. 43 Collnod ............................................................................... 44 Coma ................................................................................. 46 Cymysgiaith ........................................................................ 53 Cysylltnod ........................................................................... 54 Cywair ieithyddol .................................................................. 57 Cywasgu ............................................................................. 59 Dechrau isdeitl ..................................................................... 61 Dehongliad .......................................................................... 62 Dilyniant ............................................................................. 65 Diwedd isdeitl ...................................................................... 67 Dotiau diwedd rhan gyntaf a rhannau dilynol ............................ 68 Dotiau parhad ...................................................................... 69 Dotiau rhagarweiniol ............................................................. 71 Dyfynodau .......................................................................... 73 Ebychnod ............................................................................ 75 Effeithiau sain ...................................................................... 77 Eglurdeb ............................................................................. 80 Enwau cymeriadau ............................................................... 82 Enwau lleoedd, sefydliadau a chanolfannau .............................. 83 Fformadu ............................................................................ 85 Geiriau benthyg ................................................................... 86 Gofynnod ............................................................................ 88 Golygu ................................................................................ 90 Goslef y llais ........................................................................ 92 iii Gramadeg ........................................................................... 94 Gwahannod ......................................................................... 98 Gwahanol fathau o raglenni .................................................. 100 Gwylwyr byddar neu drwm eu clyw ........................................ 105 Hiwmor .............................................................................. 106 Iaith dramor yn y llefaru gwreiddiol ....................................... 110 Isdeitlau agored .................................................................. 113 Isdeitlau cyfansawdd ........................................................... 118 Isdeitlo byw ........................................................................ 120 Isdeitlo heb sgript ............................................................... 124 Lleoli ................................................................................ 126 Lliwiau ............................................................................... 128 Operâu .............................................................................. 130 Portread ............................................................................. 132 Priflythrennau ..................................................................... 136 Pwyslais ............................................................................. 138 Rhegfeydd a ffurfiau gwaharddedig ........................................ 140 Rhifau ..................................................................................... ................................................................................ 143 Saesneg yn y llefaru gwreiddiol ............................................. 146 Sgriptiau ............................................................................ 148 Sillafu ..................................................................................... ................................................................................ 149 Tafodiaith ........................................................................... 154 Talfyriadau ......................................................................... 156 Teitl pennod rhaglen ............................................................ 158 Teitlau ............................................................................... 159 Teitlau Aston ...................................................................... 161 Toriadau camera ................................................................. 163 Toriadau llinell .................................................................... 164 Torri brawddeg rhwng isdeitlau ............................................. 166 Trefn geiriau ....................................................................... 168 Trosi o iaith leiafrifol i iaith fwyafrifol ...................................... 169 Trosi o'r iaith lafar i'r iaith ysgrifenedig ................................... 172 Unedau synnwyr ................................................................. 175 Ymadroddion ...................................................................... 176 ATODIADAU Diffiniadau ......................................................................... 180 Offer Isdeitlo ...................................................................... 182 Isdeitlo: Adnoddau defnyddiol ............................................... 183 Cyfeirlyfrau a Gwefannau ..................................................... 184 iv RHAGYMADRODD Pleser yw cyflwyno “Canllawiau S4C ar gyfer Isdeitlwyr yng Nghymru”, sy’n ddiweddariad o’r llawlyfr gwreiddiol “Canllawiau ar gyfer Isdeitlwyr yng Nghymru: Y Camau Cyntaf”, a gyhoeddwyd yn Ebrill 2000. Seiliwyd egwyddorion y fersiwn wreiddiol yn bennaf ar fy mhrofiad ym Mhrifysgol Cymru Llanbedr Pont Steffan lle y bûm yn hyfforddi myfyrwyr ar gyfer Tystysgrif Cyfieithu ar Sgrîn y Brifysgol ac yn cynnal prosiectau Ewropeaidd yn y maes hwnnw. Ymgorfforwyd, yn ogystal, brif egwyddorion y canllawiau isdeitlo a argymhellir gan Ofcom (Office of Communications) ar gyfer y byddar a'r trwm eu clyw ar sianeli annibynnol y Deyrnas Unedig ynghyd â meini prawf sy'n briodol i wasanaeth isdeitlau 888 Cymru ar S4C. Ers cyhoeddi’r fersiwn wreiddiol, bu datblygiadau newydd a newidiadau polisi yn y byd isdeitlo. Mae’r diweddariad, “Canllawiau S4C ar gyfer Isdeitlwyr yng Nghymru”, nid yn unig yn cymryd i ystyriaeth y datblygiadau a’r newidiadau, ond hefyd yn adlewyrchu profiad helaeth isdeitlwyr ac adolygwyr yng Nghymru o isdeitlo o’r naill iaith i’r llall yn ystod yr wyth mlynedd diwethaf. O ganlyniad, creuwyd adrannau newydd yn ymwneud â meysydd megis caneuon ac effeithiau sain, cafwyd ychwanegiadau o dan sawl pennawd, diweddarwyd meysydd lle bu angen newid polisïau ac atgyfnerthwyd nifer o benawdau eraill. Cynhwysir yn y llawlyfr ganllawiau ar gyfer amrywiol agweddau ar isdeitlo - yr agweddau ieithyddol a'r technegol, o'r llythyren "A" am Addasu Diwylliannol hyd at y llythyren "Y" am Ymadroddion. Oherwydd natur y pwnc, mae llawer o'r canllawiau yn gorgyffwrdd fel y mae gwahanol agweddau ar y grefft ei hun yn gorgyffwrdd oblegid cyfyngiadau gofod ac amser ar sgrîniau sinema a theledu. Mae'r cyfyngiadau hyn yn gorfodi'r isdeitlydd i wneud dewisiadau, ac weithiau mae pwysleisio'r naill ganllaw yn golygu rhoi llai o bwyslais ar ganllaw arall. O ganlyniad, rhaid derbyn nad yw'n bosibl ystyried pob canllaw yn gyfamserol mewn cyfres o isdeitlau. Dylid pwyso a mesur y gwahanol bosibiliadau er mwyn cyrraedd at gyfaddawd effeithiol sy'n sicrhau isdeitlau grymus. Bydd modd pori trwy dudalennau’r llawlyfr ar y we fyd-eang. Y gobaith yw y bydd y cyfrwng yn denu defnyddwyr ac yn hwyluso ac annog trafod pellach rhwng pob un sydd â diddordeb yn y maes isdeitlo yng Nghymru. Diolchaf yn arbennig i Hywel Pennar, Cyfarwyddwr Testun Cyf.; i’r Athro
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