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Home , Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Muscles of mastication, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Spinalis

1 Muscles Of Mastication identification origin insertion action

maxilla, zygomatic arch elevates & protracts mandible Masseter Human Cat Zygomatic Bone Mandible elevates mandible

Temporalis Human/Cat Mandible elevates and retracts mandible

Hyoid Bone Digastric Human mandible & mastoid process depress mandible Cat occipital bone & mastoid process Mandible depress mandible

raises floor of mouth; Mylohyoid Human/Cat Mandible pulls hyoid forward

Muscles That Move The Head identification origin insertion action

Sternocleidomastoid , mastoid process flexes and laterally rotates head HUMAN ONLY

Sternomastoid CAT ONLY sternum mastoid process turns and depresses head

pulls head laterally; Cleidomastoid CAT ONLY clavicle mastoid process pulls clavicle craniad 2

Muscles Of The Hyoid, Larynx And identification origin insertion action

Human Sternum Hyoid depresses hyoid bone Sternohyoid Cat 1st Hyoid pulls hyoid caudally; raises and sternum

sternum Throid cartilage of larynx Human depresses thyroid cartilage Sternothyroid Cat costal cartilage 1st rib Throid cartilage of larynx pulls larynx caudad

elevates thyroid cartilage and Human thyroid cartilage of larynx Hyoid Thyrohyoid depresses hyoid bone Cat thyroid cartilage of larynx Hyoid raises larynx

Geniohyoid Human/Cat Mandible Hyoid pulls hyoid craniad 3

Muscles That Attach Pectoral Appendages To identification origin insertion action

Human Occipital bone; Thoracic and Cervical raises clavicle; adducts, elevates, & and clavicle Cat (3) Vertebrae depresses scapula

Human Thoracic & , extends, adducts, and rotates arm medi- Latissimus Dorsi & ilium, last 4 ribs ally; pulls down and Cat Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebrae Humerus pulls arm dorsad and caudad

Rhomboideus Minor Cervical 7 & Thoracic 1 (smaller & superior) Human Scapula adducts scapula

moves scapula back and up and rotates Rhomboideus Major Human Thoracic 2-5 vertebrae Scapula (bigger & caudal) (major); Thoracic downward Cat (3) vertebrae (minor); lamdoidal ridge scapula; scapula; scapula pulls scapula dorsally & medially, same, Rhomboideus (capitis) pulls scapula craniad

Levator Scapulae Scapula elevates scapula HUMAN ONLY

Levator Scapulae Ventralis Occipatal bone & Scapula pulls scapula craniad (toward head) CAT ONLY Muscles Of The Shoulder 4 identification origin insertion action

(spinodeltoid) scapula humerus flexes humerus & rotates outward Deltoid (Cat 3) (acromiodeltoid) scapula humerus flexes humerus & rotates outward (clavodeltoid) clavicle & clavotrapezius muscle humerus flexes forearm

Deltoid (Human) clavicle & scapula humerus abducts arm

Supraspinatus Human/Cat scapula humerus h: abducts arm / c: extends humerus Human/Cat h: rotates humerus lateral / c: rotates Infraspinatus scapula humerus humerus outward

extends humerus, adducts and rotates Human scapula humerus Teres Major arm Cat flexes forearm & rotates it inward

Human rotates humerus medially Subscapularis scapula humerus Cat scapula humerus pulls humerus medially

Muscles Of The Upper Arm identification origin insertion action

Triceps Brachii Human/Cat scapula, humerus, humerus Ulna extends forearm (long, lateral, medial)

Biceps Brachii Human/Cat Scapula radius flexes & supinates forearm (long, short head)

Brachialis Human/Cat humerus Ulna flexes forearm 5

Muscles That Attach Pectoral Appendages To Ventral (Front) Body Wall identification origin insertion action

Pectoantebrachialis sternum forearm adducts arm CAT ONLY

Human clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 2-6 Humerus Flexes, Adducts & rotates arm medially Cat sternum Humerus adducts arm

depresses scapula; ribs 3-5 scapula Human rotates shoulder upward Cat sternum humerus adducts arm

pulls scapula forward & rotates Serratus Anterior Human ribs 1-8,9 scapula it upward Serratus ventralis Cat ribs 1-10 pulls scapula forward & depresses it

Xiphihumeralis CAT ONLY xiphoid process humerus adducts arm

Muscles Of The Trunk /Thoracic Region identification origin insertion action

Human inferior border of rib above superior border of rib below External Raise rib Intercostals Cat caudal (bottom) border of 1 rib cranial border of next rib caudad (down)

Internal Human superior border of rib below inferior border of rib above draw adjecent ribs together; lower ribs Intercostals Cat Cranial border of 1 rib Caudal Border of next rib 6 Muscles Of The Trunk /Abdominal Region identification origin insertion action

pubis costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and sternum flexes vertebral column Rectus Abdominis Human Cat pubis costal cartilage 1-4 ribs compresses

External Human lower 8 ribs ilium and linea alba compresses abdomen Abdominal Obliques Cat last 9 ribs linea alba from sternum to pubis compresses abdomen

ilium, inguinal ligament, lumbar , Human sternum, linea alba, pubis compresses abdomen Transversus costal cartilage last 6 ribs abdominis Cat costal cartilage false ribs, linea alba compresses abdomen L vertebrae, ilium

Muscles Of The Trunk /Back Region identification origin insertion action

Spinalis Extensor Dorsi Communis extends vertebral column (cat) CAT ONLY

Erector Spinae HUMAN ONLY Longissimus extends vertebral column (group) Iliocostalis

Human sacrum, ilium, lumbar & thoracic superior vertebrae extends vertebral column Multifidus & 4 cervical Cat lumbar vertebrae anterior vertebrae extends back

Semispinalis HUMAN ONLY cervical 4 - thoracic 6 occipital bone extends head, rotates face Capitus

Semispinalis CAT ONLY last 4 thoracic vertebrae thoracic & cervical vertebrae extends vertebral column dorsi 7 Muscles Of The Hip identification origin insertion action

Human Tensor Fascia ilium iliotibial tract flexes & abducts femur Latae Cat ilium patella & tibia extends thigh; aids in abduction and rotation

Caudofemoralis CAT ONLY 2 & 3 caudal vertebrae patella abducts thigh, extends shank

Human ilium, sacrum, coccyx iliotibial tract & femur extends and rotates femur laterally Gluteus Maximus Cat last sacral and first caudal vertebrae femur abducts thigh

Human ilium femur abducts and rotates femur laterally Gluteus Medius Cat sacral and caudal vertebrae, ilium femur abducts thigh

Muscles Of The Thigh (Dorsal Femaoral Group — Flexors) The Back Of The Thigh identification origin insertion action

Human ischium, femur tibia & fibula flexes knee, extends thigh Biceps Femoris Cat ischium patella, tibia adducts thigh, flexes shank

Semimembranosus Human ischium tibia flexes knee, extends thigh Cat ischium femur extends thigh

Human ischium tibia flexes knee, extends thigh SemitendinosUs Cat ischium tibia flexes shank Hamstrings call the we What 8 Muscles Of The Thigh (Ventral Femoral Group — Quads) the front of the thigh identification origin insertion action

Human ilium tibia flexes knee; flexes thigh and rotates Sartorius it laterally ilium patella Cat adducts and rotates femur, extends tibia

Human ilium patella extends knee, flexes thigh Rectus Femoris Cat ilium patella extends lower leg

Human femur patella, tibia extends knee Vastus Lateralis Cat femur patella extends lower leg

Vastus Medialis Human femur patella, tibia extends knee What we call the Quads we What Cat femur patella extends lower leg

Muscles Of The Thigh (Medial Femoral Group) identification origin insertion action

Gracilis Human pubic bone tibia flexes knee, adducts thigh Cat ischium and pubis tibia adducts thigh and pulls it caudad

Adductor Human pubis and ischium femur adducts, flexes, and extends femur Femoris (Magnus) Cat pubis and ischium femur extends thigh

Human pubic bone femur adducts, rotates, and flexes femur Adductor Longus Cat pubis femur adducts thigh 9

Muscles Of The Lower Leg identification origin insertion action

Gastrocnemius Human femur calcaneus plantar flexes foot (calf) Cat femur calcaneus extends foot

Soleus (deep or under Human tibia & fibula calcaneus plantar flexes foot the calf) Cat fibula metatarsals extends foot

Human tibia first metatarsal & tarsal flexes foot dorsally and inverts it Tibialis Anterior Cat tibia & fibula first metatarsal flexes foot Abduction Extension Pronation

Movement of a bone, and the limb of which it Increasing the angle between articulating Movement of the forearm so that the palm is is a part, away from the mid-line of the body. bones, often to restore a part of the body turned backward or downward. Verb: To abduct to the anatomical position after it has been flexed. Rotation Abductor Flexion Movement of a bone such that it revolves Any muscle that moves one part of the body around it’s own longitudinal (e.g. turning away from another - or away from the midline Decreasing the angle between articulating the head from side to side at the joint between of the body. bones. For example, “Plantar Flexion” is the the atlas and axis). bending of the toes (or fingers) downwards Action towards the sole (or palm). Supination

Movement (usually of skin or bone) caused by Flexor Movement of the forearm so that the palm is muscle contractions. turned forward or upward. A muscle that causes a limb or other body-part Adduction to bend. Examples include the mucles of the arms, legs, Movement of a bone, and the limb of which it fingers, and toes. is a part, towards the mid-line of the body. Verb: To adduct Insertion

Adductor The position at which the other end of the muscle (i.e. from its origin) is attached, by Any muscle that moves one part of the body means of a , to the moveable bone. towards another - or towards the midline of the body. Origin

Dorsiflexion The attachment of muscle (by means of a ten- don) to the stationary bone. Backward flexion of a foot or hand, or of their digits. That is, bending fingers or toes back- Plantarflexion wards towards the upper surface of the foot or hand. Flexion of a foot or hand, or of their digits. Put another way: Bending of the foot (or That is, bending fingers or toes towards the hand) in the direction of the dorsum (superior lower surface of the foot or hand. For ex- surface), e.g. when standing on ones heels. ample, bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes - as opposed to ones heels.