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September 1998 SUMMARY
This AWLAE program progress report covers the May-September period, a period characterized by intense activity and satisfying results. This good perfonnance benefited greatly from the thorough planning that took place during the early part of the year. The high level of activity in Uganda and Kenya was partly explained by the fact that these countries had a lot more resources for program activities than Kenya.
During the period, Uganda launched 4 technology transfer projects under the McKnight grant, worked substantially on the 4-District advocacy program, facilitated two returned fellows grants and successfully ran a Leadership for Change Training.
Tanz.ania on its part successfully implemented the- Dodoma Cart project, initiated 3 McKnight Foundation technology transfer projects, two returned fellows grants, launched the TAWLAE Business Plan and established a Documentation Center at its offices.
Kenya held a very successful Leadership for Change Training, initiated mentoring activities with young women science undergraduates and separately with a group of professional men advocating for gender. Also partially implemented Was the returned fellows grant.
Work on the development Of data bases for women professionals and institutional opportunities within donor and development organizations was started in all the three countries. The data base on women professionals will greatly enhance the ability of the AWLAE program to link these women with opportunities. Similarly, the same information will facilitate better linkage of these professional groups with the development needs of rural farmers, particularly women.
During these period, partnerships and networks were nurtured. For example, the participation of the program in the KARI Gender Task Force and the World Bank NGO participation continued. In early October, KARI will hold a national gender conference to present its experiences during the last two years of integrating gender into research.
The bulk of these activities fall within the Winrock International "Making a Development Impact", "Development of a Global Team" and "Making Winrock Visible".
These accomplishments are discussed below in detail under respective strategic objectives and intermediate results.
A WLAE East Africa 2 Program Report May-September, 1998 1.0 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE # 1 INCREASING VISIBILITY, PARTICIPATION AND ADVOCACY OF, BY AND FOR WOMEN·
IR # 1: Engagement of Support of Policy Makers
The AWLAE program recognizes the importance of policy level support for all its initiatives since this is the level where resources are allocated and policies determined. With this kind of support, lower level activities benefit from both the resources and an enabling environment. In all the three countries, a lot of advocacy work continued during this reporting period.
1.1 Kenya
In Kenya, a one-day policy-level gender sensitization workshop for the Ministries of Agriculture and Environmental Conservation was held on August 4, 1998 and attended by 26 senior officials of the two Ministries. In keeping with its importance, the workshop was officially opened by the Permanent Secretar)r, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and closed by the Permanent Secretary, Ministry "Cn Agricuhure.
The workshop concentrated on the gender concept and its relevance to development. The process culminated with discussions on the way forward. This latter part was however not concluded due to pressure of time and the need for an additional day to finish the business was expressed. As part of publicity, the workshop was well covered by both the electronic and print media. This activity contributed to the visibility of Winrock as an organization and hopefully created an environment for future collaboration with these organizations.
Responding to the request for a follow-up workshop, the AWLAE program and the two Ministries are working out logistics for a workshop tentatively scheduled for November. The workshop, besides defining the way foIWard, will also expose the participants to gender analysis tools
Tanzania
TAWLAE has been exemplary in forging alliances with policy makers and using the media to keep themselves visible. On occasio~ they have involved the A WLAE Nairobi office in this dialogue to strengthen their case. A series of meetings held in September between the AWLAE program and the Directors of Agriculture and Environment are a good example.
For illustration, a meeting held with Mr. Eric Kamoya Mugurusi, Director of the Department of Environment explored possible ways of strengthening the Department's work with TAWLAE. The Department wholly recognizes the critical development role that TAWLAE plays and expressed commitment for continued support to TAWLAE to further its work. In order to better structure this support, the Director recommended that TAWLAE and the Department review areas of common interest to make it easier for TAWLAE to access public sector resources.
A MAE East Africa 3 Program Report May-September, 1998 Another meeting with the Director of Fisheries, Mr. Thomas W. Maembe was equally encouraging. He too saw TAWLAE's work as helping the Department to carry out part of its mandate and plans. The sea-weed project, being implemented by TAWLAE through the McKnight Foundation grant is a good example.
Edna Makoye, the Director of Administration and Manpower (Ministry of Agriculture), is a strategic ally for TAWLAE. She is directly responsible for recruitment, training and placement and therefore has an opportunity to influence the position of women in the organization. She is a member of TAWLAE.
The above relationships between TAWLAE and the Government have two key benefits. In the shot-term, TAWLAE is able to access resources to carry out its work while in the long-term, it assures some degree of sustainability for TAWLAE. Some examples of the short-term benefits that TAWLAE has gained include easy access to logistical support from the Government Ministries and Corporations. Concrete examples include the current TAWLAE offices provided free by the Ministry of Agriculture, occasional logistical support for rural development work, finances to support the Annual General Meetings (AGM) and per diems for members when monitoring rural projects. During the launching of the Dodoma Cart Project which was officiated by Hon. Gertrude M~gella (TAWLAE's patron), TAWLAE received both material support and publicity. ·
IR # 2: Creation of Sustainable Women's Advocacy Organizations
The AWLAE program has continued to work with the AWLAE-linked professional associations, i.e. AUPWAE, TAWLAE and KEP AWAE to explore ways in which the associations can in the long run be sustainable entities. This support has taken the following forms.
1. Financial Management Training. Both the Tanz;ania Association of Women in Agriculture and Environment (TAWLAE) and the Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and Environment (AUPWAE) have been trained on financial management skills and have been assisted to set up efficient financial systems. This support was provided in June (Uganda) and July and October (Tanzania).
2. Development of the TAWLAE Business Plan. In its search for sustainability, TAWLAE has embarked on a process of establishing a consulting arm within the association. Development of a Business Plan for this purpose is under way through the technical assistance ofREDMA, a local consulting firm based in Dar-es-Salaam and with financial support from the AWLAE program. To-date, the following has been accomplished.
t. A contract between Winrock International and REDMA has been signed 11. Data on the professional capability of a core group of TAWLAE members has been gathered. ui. Data on (ii) above is being compiled and the profile is expected to be ready by mid-October
A WIAE East Africa 4 Program Report May-September, 1998
I 1v. An assessment of the market opportunities for the kind of expertize available in TAWLAE is on-going. This information, combined with the TAWLAE profile, will form the basis for the development of the Business Plan
To finalize this process, a three-day workshop to develop the Business Plan is scheduled for early November. The workshop, which will be facilitated by REDMA, will be attended by TAWLAE members but on the final day, donors and other possible clients will be invited to get exposed to the initiative. It is anticipated that some business deals will be discussed during this final day.
Uganda
With heightening scarcity of resources, Uganda· is beginning to be active in this area. Right now, there are discussions on whether to participate in a Government project that is giving out blocks of about 200 acres of land to individuals and organizations to afforest bare land to improve the environment and simultaneously gain economically from the sale of the commercial trees planted. In addition, AUPWAE is planning to develop a clear strategic plan that will form a basis for , proposal development.
IR# 3: Increased Knowle~e and Skills to Address Gender Issues
The demand for gender training has continued to grow while resources have increased at a much slower rate. To cope with this constraint, the AWLAE program and the associations have utilized every available opportunity to address gender issues and skills. Some of the accomplishments during this period included:- a. A one-day gender sensitization for Kenyan policy-makers of the Ministries of Agriculture and Environmental Conservation b. Training on gender and other skills by TAWLAE using ftmding from the Ford Foundation c. Training AUPWAE members on gender (and other skills) with resources from the Ford Foundation d. Gender fully addressed within the two AWLAE-funded Leadership for Change Training in Uganda and Kenya. e. Gender training for a total of26 extension agents from Trans Nzoia District through Dorothy W anyama' s returned fellow's grant.
IR #: Documentation of Status and Issues of Professional Women
Since inception, the AWLAE program has generated some form of data on the status of professional women in all the three countries but this not been systemized. During this reporting period, some systematic way of developing data bases has been established.
AWLAE East Africa 5 Program Reporl May-September, 1998 1. Survey on "Challenges Faced by Women Employed in Uganda's Agricultural Extension Service in Uganda"
This survey is being undertaken by Dr. Margaret Mangheni under the returned fellows grant. Margaret is Head of Distance Extension Education in Makerere University and is an AWLAE Minnesota University trained PhD. This survey is a follow-up of a study undertaken in 1991 by the same researcher. The specific objectives of the study are: -
a. To identify unique problems or challenges faced by women m Uganda's Agricultural Extension Service. b. To determine possible solutions to problems faced by women extensionists. c. To determine the relationship between women's challenges and selected demographic factors including educational qualifications, job title, marital status, family size, husband's occupation and contribution to household chores.
The issues being investigated are: -
a. Balancing work and family responsibilities. b. The home economics program. c. Pre-service trainfug. d. Other problems facing women. e. General employment problems.
As at the end of September, the instruments for this study had been developed and pre tested and data collection scheduled for October.
2. Data Bases on Professional Women and Institutional Opportunities for Women
The AWLAE program has launched an activity to develop data bases on women professionals in the agricultural and environmental sectors and also on opportunities for women existing in donor and other development organizations. The AWLAE-linked Professional Associations are facilitating data collection in respective countries while the processing and compilation will be centrally done in Nairobi. The data collection instruments have been developed and distributed to the professional associations and strategy developed for distribution to respective regions of the country.
A WI.AE &st Africa 6 Program Report May-September, 1998 IR# 5: Gender Review of Institutional Agricultural Policies, Programs and Curricula
Although there has been no substantive work in this area during this reporting period, some possibilities for future work have emerged.
1. The Kenya Forestry Training Institute in Londiani has requested the AWLAE program to assist it review and integrate gender in its curriculum 2. The Kenya Policy level Gender Workshop for the Ministries of Agriculture and Environmental Conservation made reference to the need for review of training curriculum in agricultural institutions.
IR# 6: Improved Leadership Skills and self-confidence to Address Gender Issues
This area was well addressed during the period through two Leadership for Change Training Workshops held in Uganda and Kenya in July and August respectively. The participants have tmderscored the benefits of the training in areas of self-esteem and confidence building, self development and linkage with the women farmers.
The Uganda training (held on 19-30th July) had 18 participants drawn from the Ministries of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Institutions of Higher Leaming such as Makerere University. The participants were all members of AUPWAE.
The Kenya workshop had 24 participants from diverse backgrounds but including research, extension and the academia. The institutions represented included the Ministries of Agriculture, Environmental Conservation, KEP AWAE, the Kenya Agricuhural Research Institute (KARI), the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRl) and Universities such as Egerton and Kenyatta University.
At the end of the training in both Kenya and Uganda, the participants developed action plans at three levels - individual, regional (for participants who came from the same regions) and institutions. Two of the institutional plans under consideration include gender sensitization for the Department of Agricultural Extension, Makerere University (Uganda) and another on making gender sensitive the data gathering instruments used by the Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics. m # 7: Increased Male Advocacy for Women
Experience has shown that there is less resistance to gender when sensitization is handled by men. The formation of the Kenya Professional men Gender Advocacy Group (GAG) was on the basis of this understanding. The group, formed late 1997 accomplished the following during this period. a. The team undertook an assessment of the knowledge levels and attitudes towards gender assessment in three schools, namely Kanunga (boys); Limuru Girls and Senior Chief Koinange (mixed boys and girls). The assessment revealed the following:- 1. Understanding of gender is still very low among the students of both sexes in the three schools u. The level of education of parents has a great influence on the career choices of girls. The mothers were found to have the greatest influence on girls while fathers have a great influence on boys m. Club membership is these schools is more a factor of subject or discipline rather than gender
A WlAE E:ast Africa 7 Program Report May-September, 1998 iv. The pure girl's schools appeared to have had a much better understanding of gender compared to the co-educational or pure boys schools. b. The team provided feedback on the results of the assessment to two of the schools- Limuru and Senior Chief Koinange. The feedback sessions presented the outcome and clarified the concept of gender and its relevance to education. c. Following this feedback Limuru Girls formed a Gender Club to promote gender in all aspects of life.
The next steps are:- i. Training of the professional men implementing the mentoring program on gender ii. Training patrons of school clubs and the club student leaders on gender iii. Supporting the clubs to integrate gender perspectives into their activities
IR# 8: Increased Visibility oflssues of Women Farmers
This year, the AWLAE program has a special focus on rural women farmers as reflected in the variety of agricultural technology transfer projects in the three countries.
1. The Uganda 4-Distnct Advocacy Project This is an advocacy:'program covering Kumi, Pallisa, Mukono and Bushenyi districts. The goal of the program is to bring about policy and institutional changes in favor of women in these districts. The project has the following structure.
1. Consultative meetings with farmers, particularly women, to broadly understand needs and concerns of women 11. Feedback of results to communities where consultations have been held 111. Identification of a critical research issue to be advocated upon 1v. Negotiation and advocacy on the researched issue using the media and individuals with influence e.g. parliamentarians
During this period, the following was accomplished.
1. Consultative meetings were held with farmers. These consultations showed women as having heavy workload, absent at decision-making levels and with limited access to and control over resources. The district level resources were found to have been principally used on development programs that favor men. 11. Feedback meetings have been held in Kumi and Mukono districts.
The issue for further research in the four districts is "District Level Resource Allocation". This research will investigate the following aspects:-
L Resource base in each of the districts - public and private sectors and NGOs, etc 11. Resource allocation and use by program and beneficiaries -who benefits most from these funds iii. Levels of participation of men and women at decision-making levels.
A WLAE East Africa 8 Program Report May-September, 1998 2~0 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE# 2: INCREASE EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN
IR # 1: Increased Credentials for Professional Women in Agriculture a and Environment
This particular strategic objective is at the core of the AWLAE program. It covers accomplishments directly implemented by the AWLAE program and others by the Professional Associations.
1. AWLAE Scholarships - New
During the reporting period, the AWLAE program had two admissions to US Universities. W ahida Patwa Shah (one of the first women leaders to go through the first Kenya Leadership training) got admitted to Cornell University for an MPS. She begins her studies in January 1999.
Eliz.abeth Maeda from Selian Research Institute in Arusha, Tanzania, was admitted to the University of Arkansas for a PhD in agronomy. She left for her studies in late September.
2. A WLAE Scholarstµps a. South Africa Based Scholars Of the continuing fellows, Elizabeth Wambuguh and Dorothy Ochieng MSc in Agro Forestry at the University of Stellenbosch completed their · field research and returned to the University to write up. They both hope to complete their courses by end of the year.
The other MSc fellows at the University of Pretoria, Anne Kalanzi and Joyce Adupa also completed their field research, Anne in South Africa and Joyce in Uganda. Although their fellowships expire in February 1999, they are not certain they will have completed by then,
Anne Tasamba , Mphil in Environmental Studies at the University of Cape Town is making good progress despite a slow start due to limited computer skills. Mwanaidi Mlolwa First year in MSc Aquaculture, has finalized her research proposal and is ready to return to Tanz.ania for field research.
Continuing PhD fellows Evelyn Apili and Leah Ndungu are in the middle of their field work, Evelyn in Uganda and Leah in Kenya under the sponsorship of ILRI. Evelyn had a visit from her supervisor in June and hope to complete field work and return to Pretoria in January 1999. The other fellow, Mary Masafu at the University of Pretoria is continuing with her animal feeds trials. Bahemu whose research has been dogged by lack of funds for more that 18 months returned to Pretoria in mid September to consult with her supervisor on next steps of action. Having completed phase I of a three phase research project, she will consult on how to proceed with her research.
A WlAE East Africa 9 Program Report May-September, 1998 b. USA based Fellows Dekha Sheikh, PhD fellow at the University of Missouri won Rockefeller Research grant and will be coming to Kenya for field research.
Susan Kaaria anticipated completing her course at the end of October. Susan has been awarded the prestigious Wareen Weaver Fellowship at the Rockefeller Foundation office in New York and will be starting in November. She will be at Rockefeller for one year, an experience that will provide her with opportunities to improve her credentials, establish contacts with individuals with interests similar to hers.
Gacheri Kimathi, PhD fellow at the University of Minnesota continues with her studies and will be conducting her research in the USA.
c. UK.Based Lillian Kimani, a Sullivan Fellow at the University of Manchester returned home shortly in August to visit the family and make consultations on her research. She will be returning home after completing her course in October.
d. IWISE For the sec0nd year running, Iowa State University International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics implementing the Women in Science and Engineering (IWISE) Summer Leadership Program selected six scientists nominated by the program to participate in the three month program. From Kenya Dr Caroline Langat and Professor Mabel Imbuga, both lecturers at Kenyatta University and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology respectively (Dr. Kamau from Kenyatta University was not able to take up the fellowship); from Uganda Dr Sophie Musaana from Kawanda Agricultural Research and from Tanzania professor Kallude Sibuga from Sokoine University and Dr Anatolia Mpunami from Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Mikocheni.
All four returned home in late August and have submitted reports to the Regional office expressing appreciation for the opportunity and exhorting the benefits of the program to scientific knowledge and collaborative research. A proposal from Dr. Langat is being considered for funding under the AWLAE mentoring project. There are also plans to link up this project with the Jorno Kenyatta Women in Science Mentoring project. Professor Mabel lmbuga is also working with the JKU AT Women in Science project,
3. Scholarships for TAWLAE Members to Japan
Through its patron, Hon. Gertrude Mongella, TAWLAE has been awarded 6 scholarships tenable in Japan for its members. These six-month specialized technical training scholarships have a major focus on horticulture and one of those who have completed the training specialized in mushroom production. Plans to award the other four scholarships are under way.
AWIAE East Africa 10 Program Report May-September, 1998 IR# 2: Development of Mentoring and Career Program for Girls
The Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Women in Science club has launched a mentoring project that will initially work with Chania High School (mixed boys and girls) and Trikha Girls High School. The goal of the project is to increase the number of well-performing students who complete school, particularly girls. There will be a special focus on sciences. Leadership skills will be built through the "Development Personality Studies". Initial assessment of the needs of the girls "in Chania High school has l_lllderlined the following areas: -
a. Time management b. Discipline/orderliness c. Studying skills d. Peer pressure e. Motivation f Stress Management g. Student/Teacher relationship The activities planned for the next two months are:
1. Training Chania High;school girls on ''Personality Development". The club will use many the modules they themselves went through but will develop others where necessary. 2. Hold a "Career Day'' at the school. At the request of the students, the professions that will be represented are:
i. Medical Doctors - a Surgeon and a Gynaecologist n. Lawyer 111. Journalist iv. Accountant v. Designer v1. Engineer Vil. Artist v111. Poet
3. At a later stage, bring in other groups and clubs from JKUAT to interact with the students. Such groups will include Science Club and AIDS awareness group.
IR# 3: Increased Advocacy for Girls Education
A number of activities supporting advocacy on girls' education were undertaken during the period.
a. The Kenya Girl Child Network This network develops strategies for program and advocacy on broad areas affecting the girl child. The key areas of focus are health, education, labor and general protection. The A WLAE program is a member of this network
A WLAE &1st Africa 11 Program Report May-September, 1998 b. The Kenya FAWE Chapter The AWLAE program continued to participate in the activities of the Kenya FAWE Chapter whose mission is to promote girls' education. We participated in the July General Elections.
c. The Uganda FAWE Chapter The Uganda NAC Coordinator, Naomi Muhanguzi is a member of the Executive of the Uganda Chapter.
...... ··· ···· ··· ·· ...... 3~oSTRATEGtc:toBJ'ECTIVE #3: :···:····· . ... ··•: INC.RJUAS~l>J~CQNQ.MlC.EMJJ.OWEJlMl1Nrlr · F'ORWQI\mN · ···· · ·············· . ·: :: ... .
The activities falling under this Strategic Objective include the McKnight Technology Transfer Grants in Uganda and Tanzania, the Dodoma Cart project in Tanvmia and the Sorghum and Pearl millet utilization through the Returned Fellow's project in Dodoma, Tanzania. All these projects are at a fairly early stage and concrete impacts are yet to be realized.
IR # 1: Increased Percentage of Rural Women with Access to Extension Education.
I. Farmers Sorghum Dissemination Project in Kumi District
Janet Asege, a Cornell MPS returned fellow, is implementing this project. Janet is a Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) in the District, a position she got as a promotion on return from Cornell. The goal of the Sorghum dissemination project is to increase yields and reduce loss due to pests during storage pest.
The problem being addressed is the use of low yielding local materials for planting and which are affected by pest. The commonest production pests are the shoot fly Antherigona Soccata, Stem borer Chilopartellus and Sorghum midge Contrarinia Sorgichola that limit production. Most of the sorghum produced is lost to storage pests (Sitotroga Cerealela, Sitophilus Zwamis and S. Oryzae).
Sorghum was selected for promotion because it is widely grown as a staple food, performs well in poor soils and has low labor demand. Women grow sorghum but lack technical production and storage skills.
The specific objectives of the project are to: -
1. To introduce improved and high yielding sorghum seed varieties to Kelim and Kachaboi Parishes. 2. To increase production of sorghum in the area with the ultimate goal of reducing food insecurity. 3. To produce surplus sorghum for sale to earn income for women. A target of 300 acres of improved sorghum variety planted by December 1998.
AWIAE East Africa 12 Program Report May-September, 1998 4. To build the capacity of women in production knowledge and skills during the project period. By the end of one year, the women should be knowledgeable on improved production and storage techniques. The women will be able to produce good seed from the improved varieties supplied.
Project Strategy
1. Each woman will receive 4 kilograms of sorghum seed to plant at least one acre in a season. The project is to supply the improved sorghum varieties to individuals who will provide land and labor during the project period. 2. At the end of the season, each beneficiary will have to pay back the same amount of sorghum seed received. That seed will then be passed on to another farmer. This will help the spread of the technology and build in sustainability.
Project Outputs
1. After one year, 300 acres of improved variety of sorghum will have been planted. 2. The neighboring farm families are expected to have acquired improved seed. 3. Increased household income from the sale of sorghum. 4. Increased food security with more sorghum stored for food. 5. Improved farmer skills in production and storage of sorghum. 6. Farmer to farmer seed distnl>ution mechanism developed to help the growth ofthe project.
Status of Project Implementation
1. Communities in Kelim and Kachaboi parishes have been mobilized. A total of six meetings were held in which 115 people attended. Through these meetings, secondary data was collected. 2. A total of 86 individuals have been registered for the project. 3. A total of 120 acres have been planted with sorghum by the 115 individuals registered. 4. A survey on sorghum production and factors affecting adoption has been undertaken. 5. Sorghum seed has been purchased and distributed for plating. The two varieties are the Epuripuri (white variety) 40 kg and Sekedo 450 kg (red seeded variety) from the Serere Agricultural Research Institute (SAARI).
II. Improving Feeds and Feed Management on Small-Holder Farms in Kyaddondo Sub-County, Mpigi District
This project is being coordinated by an Animal Nutrition Scientist from Namulonge Research Station (Jolly Kabirizi). She is an active AUPWAE member and was one of the participants of the AWLAE -financed Communications and Writing Skills training held in Kenya in 1997. The goal of the project is to increase incomes through increased milk production. The project is working in 4 villages namely Busukuma, Namulonge, Kiwenda and Seguku. These villages are located within 20 kilometers of Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (NAARI). The project has 46 farmers directly participating in this project. (Kiwenda village 10; Busukuma 13; Namulonge-Kasmbya-Nabalanga villages 11). The number
A WlAE East Africa 13 Program Report May-September, 1998 participating in the training has however been much higher e.g. 87 participants attended the 22nd August training at Seguku village.
The technologies being transferred are the elephant grass and the calliandra tree species. These two will improve the nutrition of dairy animals while training will improve the overall management of the animals and entire enterprises. In order to sustain these two technologies, the following measures have been put in place:- a. Three fanners from each of the four villages have agreed to plant elephant grass on 0.3 acre for multiplication purposes. b. Two kilograms of Calliandra seeds have been ordered from Masaka Tree Planting Project and will be distributed to two farmers (Namulonge and Seguku) to raise seedlings for sale to other fanners.
The Status of Implementation a. Planting of Elephant Grass, Lablab and Calliandra Each of the 4 villages has received 2 lorries of improved elephant grass cuttings. Many of the farmers fro~ Seguku and Namulonge villages started planting the grass at the beginning of August but dµe to a three week dry season, the grass was severely affected and had to be replanted. b. Multiplication Plots. Three farmers from each of the villages have volunteered to plant elephant grass for multiplication purposes. Each plot is about 0.3 acres. c. Planting of lablab to reduce cost. In order to reduce the cost of land preparation, the farmers were advised to undersow the lablab seed in a banana or a coffee plantation or a cereal crop like maize. This new technology is aimed at conserving soil fertility (in the case of banana/lablab intercropping); or improving the nutritional status of the maize (in the case of maize/lablab intercropping). Farmers are being encouraged to use maize stover as a feed for livestock. d. Planting Callindra seedlings. Callindra seedlings have been established as hedgerows around the elephant grass fields or planted as bands near homesteads.
Training
A one-day training was held at Seguku primary school on August 22nd. A total of 87 farmers, drawn from Seguku, Mutundwe, Mutungo and Bunnamwaya participated. The objective was to acquaint the participants with the some of the fanning activities being undertaken by their fellow farmers. The technical aspects covered by the training included the establishment of the elephant grass, calliandra and lab lab, fuel-saving technology and soil fertility maintenance.
Video and radio coverage of the seminar and the practicals was covered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry staff (a copy of the tape will be made available soon).
This training is beginning to have the following impact: -
A WlAE East Africa 14 Program Report May-September, 1998 a. Three dairy farmer groups from Ssisa, Kyebando (Gayaza road) and Mityana (Mubende district) have requested for similar .seminars. b. The demand for improved elephant grass from NAARI has increased. Ten farmers have requested for elephant grass cuttings from NAARI. Since the project was launched. c. Visit to Seguku, by the Uganda National Farmers' Association (UNF A) on August 25th , 45 farmers from UNF A visited Seguku farmers to acquaint themselves with their dairying activities. Demonstrations on fodder establishment, conservation and dairy nutrition was carried out. All the farmers in Seguku who were supplied with elephant grass cuttings, lablab and calliandra participated.
ID. The Cassava Multiplication Program in Busabaga
The goal of the Cassava Multiplication Project is to increase production through improved access to disease-free cassava planting materials. The project is being undertaken in Busabaga Parish, Buikwe County, Kawolo Sub-County of Mukono district and has the following expected outputs.
a. 25 acres of cassava multiplication b. Three Farmer C~rs for training farmers on cassava multiplication (1 per village) c. Databases on cassava mosaic disease trends in the parish d. Increased incomes from sale of cassava stems and products
During the period, the project accomplished the following: -
a. A total of 82 farmers have been selected to participate in the cassava multiplication project. These were selected through two agronomic seminars held in July and soon after. The July meeting attracted 100 farmers. b. A Cassava Management Committee of 10 members has been put in place. c. A total of 100 bags of cassava planting materials have been distributed to 82 farmers d. The fields prepared for planting were inspected on 21st August
IV. Proper Management of Critical Resources (Environment, Fuelwood, Time); Uganda
The goal of this project is to conserve the environment while saving women's time and energy. The project is in Najja Sub-County and is being implemented by the On-Farm Productivity Enhancement Project ofWinrock International (OFPEP).
The specific project objectives are:- a. To sensitize the community (men and women) in Najja Sub-Country on gender issues within natural resource management. b. To train 36 people as trainers (from each of the 12 groups, 3 people). c. To regenerate the environment and woodfuel resources - 12 tree nurseries (one per group) to be established. Each of the 252 families to plant at least 50 trees per year.
A WIAE East Africa 15 Program Report May-September, 1998 d. To reduce women's workload through introduction of the Lorrena stoves and sensitization of men to take on more responsibility
The activities to support these objectives include:-
a. Training of 3 6 men and women as trainers from the 12 farmer groups b. Establishment of 12 tree nurseries - one per group c. Introduction of energy-saving stoves - Lorrena stove
To-date, the project has accomplished the following:-
Training A 4-day training for 38 participants (15 men, 23 women) was held in August. The topics covered included:-
a, Extension skills b, Gender and Environment c, Environment and Energy Conservation cl, Time Management e, Tree Planting
During the training, demonstrations were held on tree nursery establishment and construction of improved energy saving stoves.
IV. The Kibaha Mushroom Project (Tanzania)
The goal of the Kibaha Mushroom Project is to improve the economic status of the participating members of the community. The specific objectives are to introduce mushroom growing to women and youth groups as a strategy to improve the nutritional status of the community, generate employment and incomes and conserve the environment. Training as a basis for capacity building is at the core of this project.
In terms of implementation, the following has been accomplished.
a. A building has been leased as a training center but discussion on how to build a community training center are on b. Equipment and training materials have been procured. These include the spawn, polythene bags and training materials (notebooks, pens, flip charts, markers etc) c. Training of trainers has already started. Those being trained as trainers are TAWLAE members in the Kibaha area. d. The project has had an official launch officiated by officiated by TAWLAE's patron, Honorable Gertrude Mongella e. Women groups have been mobilized and a few have started producing mushrooms with technical support from the project coordinator
A WlAE East Africa 16 Program Report May-September, 1998 As marketing has emerged as a key concern, both the Grants Manager and the Project Coordinator are working on strategies to fully address this issue. For example, there plans to organize a "Mushroom Day" during which well-prepared mushrooms will be served to promote local use of the same. Additionally, the growers are organizing themselves into an "Association" to facilitate marketing. Assured marketing hinges on· two things, sustained quality and quantity and this holds true for the hotel industry.
VI. The Mbweni Village Seaweed Project- Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The goal of the Mbweni Sea Weed Project is to create employment, improve family relish through increased incomes and ultimately contribute to the expansion of the industry in Tanzania. This project borrows heavily from the experiences of similar projects in Zanzibar, where women's lives are said to have been economically transformed by seaweed growing.
Seaweed farming takes place on the shallow parts of the ocean which experience both low and high tides. Farming uses ropes on which to "plant" the seaweed. The ropes are 10 meters and are hooked to two sticks, one on either side. Planting of the seaweed cuttings takes place on these , ropes. The cuttings are planted on the ropes using nylon strings. Within a period of fotir weeks, the weed is ready for harvesting. Approximately 100 ropes of 10 feet each will produce about 32 kilograms of dried seaweed. Currently, one kilogram of dried seaweed is sold at Tsh 100 (when seeds, rope and tying threads are provided by the buyer). The Project Coordinator is working out a different arrangement with those who buy the weed to increase the profits of the farmers'. The seaweed is exported to the Far East and parts of Europe such as Finland. This project is low labor-input and is therefore attractive to women whose lives are normally very full.
The status of implementation is as follows:-
1. The "farm" site, measuring one hectare has been procured through the assistance of the village chairman. 2. Women have been mobilized and a total of 30 have registered themselves for participation in the project 1. Farming tools and planting materials have been procured. The seaweed was procured from Tanga and Zanzibar 11. One member of the women group has visited Zanzibar to see the projects and to interact with the women producing the seaweed nt. Although formal training has not been undertake~ the women have been shown how to make the strings for tying the seaweed and planting the weed. iv. The women have planted 13 ropes of 10 feet each but progress has been slow because the initial seaweed planted was eaten up by fish and fresh supplies had to be procured
VII. The Dodoma Cart Project (Tanzania)
A WIAE East Africa 17 Program Report May-September, 1998 The Dodoma Cart Project is funded by the Rcckfeller Philanthropy and is being implemented in Iringa Mvumi and Chiguruka villages of Dodoma region. Both of these villages are about 50 kilometers from Dodoma town. The project, which is working with women groups, aims at reducing women's workload and generating income for them through the hiring out of the carts.
IR# 2: Increased Access to Credit
1. Improving Pig Production Through Improved Feed Resource management (Uganda)
The goal of the project is to improve the productivity of the pig enterprises being undertaken by the women through improved feeds and management. The problems being addressed include poor pig management, poor housing, use of local pig breeds and poor feeds. Currently, the farmers are using local potato vines, which take long to mature and have low herbage.
The project is located in Keyinga Zone, Nabbing Nosing Sub-County of Mpigi District. The partners in this project are the 30 members of the Twesiga-Mukama Women's Development Association (TMWDA) formed in 1995 and registered under the National Association of Women of Uganda (NAWU).
The project is operating on a credit/revolving loan strategy and has started off with 15 farmers selected by the group. The selection of the participants was based on the individua interest in the project, currently rearing pigs, committed to good management of the project, willing to give back to the project for redistribution the same number of piglets and are committed to providing 0.25 acres of land for potato multiplication and maintenance of the crop.
The project is using the following strategy: - a. All the 30 women will participate in training on proper pig production and management including disease control, nutrition, fodder tree production and sweet potato production. They will also take part in the multiplication of the improved high yielding potato varieties. Each member will therefore prepare 0 .25 acres of land for the purpose b. Out of the 30 members, 15 will be selected to participate in the project. The selected participants will form three groups of 5. Each group will receive a three-month old boar piglet for breeding. One member of the group will manage the boar but when it is old enough for breeding, those who use it will pay for the service. c. Each of the 15 women will receive two female one-month old piglets. The breeds are the Land Race and the Large White available from the Makerere University farm at Kabanyolo. d. Each of the 15 women will be provided with materials to construct a piggery unit. The funds for construction will be in form of soft loan to be paid in two years (cost of a unit is approximately Ugsh 191,000). The individuals will provide the labor as well as funds for soya bean meal and other feeds for as well as for veterinary services. e. Sustainability plan. For sustainability and expansion, the project has developed the following strategy:-
1. The first 15 beneficiaries of the project will give back to the Association 11. one month-old female piglets (this will be 8-10 months after the onset of the project). m. Three of these women will also give the association 3 male piglets (boars).
AWLAE East Africa 18 Program Report May-September, 1998 1v. Both the male and female piglets will be distributed to the 15 members who had not received piglets and they in tum will begin to give back to the association the same number of piglets when time comes
IR# 3: Improved Processing and Marketing
1. The Mkurunga Fruits and Vegetable Processing Project (Tanzania)
The goal of the Mkurunga District fruit and vegetable processing project is to improve the income levels of women in the area and through that improve the nutritional status and general welfare of households. The project will utilize the many fruits and vegetables that fill the farms during the peak seasons. Processing will increase the shelf-life of the fruits and vegetables and reduce the loss currently being experienced.
Accomplishments todate include:-
a. Women groups have been mobilized and interest for the project is growing. The two groups, which have started the project, are Mkwalia and Mshikamano have been mobilized and are ready to start. Each of the groups has 11 women and 2 men. The total number in the two groups is 26. b. For sustainability the members of these groups will contribute Tanzania shillings 2000 for the entire training while non-members will contribute Tsh 2000 for each of the sessions c. The first training on the processing of mango pickles started training on September 28th. d. Discussions are at an advanced stage with TAFOPA (Tanzania Food Processing Association) on the marketing of the processed products of this initiative. As long as the minimum quality standards are maintained, T AFOP A is committed to buying the commodities. There is also a growing local market for fruit and vegetable products such as jam and tomato sauce. m # 4: Increased Specialized Training for Women Farmers
Nearly all the projects presented in this report have strong elements of specialized training e.g. fruit processing, sorghum multiplication, the sea-weed management etc
IR # 5: Increased Advocacy for Access and Control of Resources including Land a. The Uganda 4-District Advocacy Project, which is researching on gender-based resource allocation in Kumi, Pallisa, Bushenyi and Mukono, fits under this intermediate result (details above). b. Social Impact Analysis of Squatter System in Forest Plantation: A case for Mount Mero Forest- Northern Tanzania- By Ufoo Lema
A WIAE East Africa 19 Program Report May-September, 1998 The goal of this project is to establish the nature and intensity of conflict between communities and forest authorities within the Mt. Meru Forest plantations. These conflicts have been detrimental to the welfare of the people and effective management of the forest resource. On the whole, the squatter system has not been well managed.
The specific objectives of the study are to:
a. Review the history of squatters in Mount Meru forest plantations, b. Study the cultural and traditional norms of the different parties involved in the squatter system and.their implications of these norms on squatter management, c. Investigate the implication of different policies and regulations on community welfare, d. Propose initiatives to improve the management of the squatter system. This will enhance social hannony and relations between interest parties. Status of Implementation
Data collection has started and information gathered from the squatters (20), children (20), women squatters (20). The study is planned to be complete by end of December 1998
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Sustainability is a running theme for all Winrock programs and those supported through the organizations. m # 1: Establishment of a Functional Training Center
The goal of the Winrock Training Center, in the process of being established, is to generate both operational and program funds for the AWLAE East African program and to further the Winrock mission of working with people to increase agricultural productivity, rural employment while protecting the environment.
The key training areas will be gender and rural development. The multimedia technology training covers courses on the Internet, desktop publishing amongst others. Courses in rural development will range from leadership training to gender and participatory development methodologies. The following has been accomplished to date:
a. A working draft of the Business Plan has been developed. b. The marketing ·of the above training has begun with positive commitments from both the International Development Research Center (IDRC), Africa Online (AOL) and the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF). These organizations require training in multimedia education particularly Internet and E-mail c. Letters have been sent to 15 organizations in Kenya to announce the participatory methodologies and gender courses.
AWLAE East Africa 20 Program Report May-September, 1998 d. A discussion has been held with PT A Bank, Reinsurance Branch concerning multimedia training the Bank is proposing to launch for their workers in 1999.
a. A working draft of the Business Plan has been developed b. The marketing of the above training has begun with positive commitments from both the International Development Research Center (IDRC), Africaonline and ICRAF.
IR# 2: The TAWLAE Business Plan
In its search for sustainability, TAWLAE has decided to develop a consulting unit with the aim of raising both operational and program resources. The first step in this process is the development of a Business Plan. This is now under way with technical support from REDMA, a consulting firm based in Dar-es Salaam. Progress to-date includes:-
a. A contract between Winrock and REDMA has been signed b. Data on the core group of professionals needed to develop a profile of TAWLAE has been gathered and submitted to REDMA (The core group has 15 women) c. Data on (b) above is being processed and the profile will be ready by mid-October d. A survey of the opportunities available in the market on-going. This will form part of the Business Plan
The plan is that a workshop to discuss both the profile and the market survey will be held. By the first week of November. This workshop will bring TAWLAE members together to discuss and amend the Plan as necessary. On the final day of the workshop, potential clients (donors and other development agencies) will be invited to interact with TAWLAE for pmposes of developing working relations. It is hoped that some business commitments will be made during this meeting.
According to the work-plan, TAWLAE should have its Business Plan by the end of November, 1998
IR# 2: The TAWLAE Resource Center
The TAWLAE Resource Center aims at providing some relevant information on development and gender issues and giving TAWLAE a base for meetings and basic equipment such as a photocopier. These resources will to some extent reduce what TAWLAE would spend if these services were provided outside its offices. The Center has received support from AWLAE program.
Implementation of this project is now at an advanced stage, having done the following: - a. A sizable room, provided free by the Ministry of Agriculture (in addition to the current office) is available b. Shelves for reference materials have been built c. A small office copier (Minolta) has been purchased and 1s serving the operations of TAWLAE
A WIAE East Africa 21 Program Report May-September, 1998 d. Some real good chairs have been purchased e. Some reference materials have been acquired (some sent down from the Nairobi AWLAE office, others to come from the US)
A WlAE East Africa 22 Program Report May-September, 1998