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Disaster Risk Management in Western Balkan

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Disaster Risk Management in Western Balkan Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education Co-founded by the Call for Proposals EAC/A04/2015 Erasmus+ Programme 573942-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP of the European Union Knowledge FOr Resilient soCiEty www.kforce.uns.ac.rs Disaster Risk Management in the Western Balkans A comprehensive approach on technical and economic perspectives Editors Dr Elona Pojani Dr Julinda Keçi eBOOK Disaster Risk Management in the Western Balkans: A comprehensive approach on technical and economic perspectives Editors Dr Elona Pojani Dr Julinda Keçi Publisher: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Serbia Reviewers: Dr Linda Makovicka Osvaldova, Dr Miroslava Vandaličkova University of Zilina, Slovak Republic Proofreaders: Dr Igor Džolev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Dr Linda Makovicka Osvaldova, Dr Miroslava Vandaličkova University of Zilina, Slovak Republic CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Библиотеке Матице српске, Нови Сад 504.4:005.334(082) DISASTER risk management in the Western Balkans [Elektronski izvor] : a com- prehensive approach on technical and economic perspectives / editors Elona Pojani, Julinda Keçi. - Novi Sad : Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2020. - 1 elektronski optički disk (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm Nasl. sa naslovnog ekrana. - Bibliografija uz svaki rad. ISBN 978-86-6022-269-7 а) Елементарне непогоде - Управљање ризиком - Зборници COBISS.SR-ID 17038857 Graphic design: Futura doo, Novi Sad Printing: Futura doo, Novi Sad Circulation: 300 ii CONTENTS: PREFACE AND OVERVIEW vii Section I – Setting the Scene 1. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF RISK, THREATS AND 2 DISASTERS Branko Babić 2. DISASTERS, POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT 11 Elona Pojani 3. STAKEHOLDERS IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT AND 20 DECISION MAKING Dorina Koçi, Mariola Kapidani 4. DEVICE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF 32 CATASTROPHIC EVENTS Branko Babić Section II – Technical Perspective 1. FLOOD HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT 46 Miriam Ndini 2. EARTHQUAKE RISK ASSESSMENT 59 Igor Džolev 3. FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS 78 Mirjana Laban, Suzana Draganić, Igor Džolev 4. APPLICATION OF SERVICE ORIENTED GEOGRAPHIC 88 INFORMATION SYSTEM IN RISK ANALYSIS Gordana Jakovljević Additional Case Studies and Original Research 5. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN CASE STUDY - INFLUENCE OF 107 DESIGN PARAMETER IN FIRE SAFETY OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS Endrit Hoxha iii 6. LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE ON DISASTER RISK - INDEXING 119 THE VEGETATED NATURAL SURFACES WITHIN THE OHRID- PRESPA TRANSBOUNDARY BIOSPHERE RESERVE BY THEIR WILDFIRE IGNITION PROBABILITY AND SPREADING CAPACITY Artan Hysa, Egin Zeka Section III – Economic Perspective 1. ECONOMIC EXPOSURE AND FINANCIAL CAPACITY IN CASE 133 OF DISASTERS Elona Pojani 2. RISK TRANSFER MECHANISMS – INSURANCE AND 143 REINSURANCE Gentiana Sharku 3. CONTRIBUTION OF INSURANCE AND CAT BONDS TO 155 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Perseta Grabova 4. EX-ANTE VERSUS EX-POST MEANS FOR DISASTER RISK 166 MANAGEMENT Gentiana Sharku, Perseta Grabova, Dorina Koçi, Mariola Kapidani CONCLUDING REMARKS 175 iv EDITORS PROFILES Dr Elona Pojani teaches in the Department of Finance at the University of Tirana since 2008. Her subjects of teaching include, ―Financial Modelling‖, ―Research Methodologies‖, ―Disaster Risk Management‖ and ―Risk Modeling in Practice‖. She holds a PhD in Finance, with a focus on Environmental Valuation and Management. Some topics of her research include protected areas valuation, environmental taxation, biodiversity protection, climate change and extreme weather events, Disaster Risk Management, as well as public policies in the area of environmental management. She has been working on environmental issues in general since the beginning of her academic carrier. Since 2010, she has been serving as a consultant in economics for several different projects leaded by the UNDP Climate Change Program and Environmental Unit in Albania, and other national and international organizations. She has co-administered two Tempus projects during the period 2012-2014 and is administrating the Erasmus+ funded project ―Knowledge FOr Resilient society‖ since 2016 for the University of Tirana. Dr Julinda Keçi is a faculty member of the Civil Engineering Department at Epoka University, Albania. She has a Master of Science degree from Polytechnic University of Tirana, and a PhD in Civil Engineering, specializing in Construction Management. Her research interests include construction management and technology, project planning, risk management, and economic assessment of engineering projects. One of the primary foci of her work is the implementation of sustainable methods in projects management and building performance. She was involved in international projects and in the organization of several international Civil Engineering conferences. She has published works on risk management, construction management, project planning, building optimization through geotechnical and earthquake design. v LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Artan Hysa Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Albania Branko Babić Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad Dorina Koçi Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, Albania Egin Zeka Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Albania Elona Pojani Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, Albania Endrit Hoxha Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Albania Gentiana Sharku Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, Albania Gordana Jakovljević Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, University of Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina Igor Džolev Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad Julinda Keçi Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Albania Mariola Kapidani Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, Albania Miriam Ndini Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Epoka University, Albania Mirjana Laban Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad Perseta Grabova Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, Albania Suzana Draganić Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad vi PREFACE AND OVERVIEW Natural and man-made disasters - floods, landslides, earthquakes, storm winds, hail, drought, wildfires and building fires are on the rise in the last decades in the Western Balkans (WB). Human casualties, extensive damages to the urban areas, negative impact on the environment and further weakening of the regional economy are amongst indicators of increasing vulnerability. Preliminary surveys, done by WB project partners, have revealed a shortage of skills and an unstructured/informal learning method in the field of Disaster Risk Management (DRM). Knowledge and skills of the existing staff in this area (state administration, public institutions and companies) are based on the education acquired from other engineering disciplines. These competences, knowledge and skills are insufficient to solve the growing problems in the field of Disaster Risk Management. Moreover, the lack of safety culture in society in general is notable. Decision No 1313/2013/EU on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism, in view of the significant increase in the numbers and severity of natural and man-made disasters in recent years and in a situation where future disasters will be more extreme and more complex with far-reaching and longer-term consequences as a result, in particular, of climate change and the potential interaction between several natural and technological hazards, emphasize an integrated approach to disaster management as increasingly important. Prevention is of key importance for protection against disasters and requires further action as called for in the European Parliament Resolution, entitled a "Community approach on the prevention of natural and manmade disasters". Reaching the prevention objectives and carrying out prevention actions, improving the disaster risk knowledge base and facilitating the sharing of knowledge, best practices and information, were defined as the first ranked action to take. Education and training (ET 2020) lie at the heart of the Europe 2020 strategy to exit the recession and establish the foundations for future knowledge-based growth and social cohesion. The same goal is promoted in multiple EU documents, such as European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA), South East Europe 2020 Strategy – Jobs and Prosperity in the European Perspective (SEE 2020 Strategy) and Supporting growth and jobs – an agenda for the modernization of Europe's higher education systems COM(2011). The above mentioned are common objectives and goals both for EU and WB Region, considering the on-going European integration process in the Balkans. Common regional needs to improve the resilience of the region to hazards are recognized: the need for human resources – experts, competent to operate in prevention, reaction and recovery phases of the catastrophic events and solve engineering problems in the field of disaster risk management, and the need to educate competitive experts, able to create sustainable financial plans for disaster preparedness and preventive measures, according to regional economy recourses. This book offers a practical approach to disaster risk management, focusing on one hotspot area of Europe in relation to disaster risk – the Balkans. Both technical perspective and economic perspective on the issue are addressed. The team of authors include experts working in the field of disaster risk management in Albania, Serbia and Bosnia- Herzegovina.
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