Cain on Linnaeus: the Scientist-Historian As Unanalysed Entity
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Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
Biology 302-Systematic Botany
Biology 302 – Field Systematic Botany “Nomina si nescis, perit et cognitio rerum” (If you do not know the names of things, the knowledge of them is useless) Summer II 2013 Linneaus Critica Botanica 1737 Instructor Dr. Ross A. McCauley Office: 447 Berndt Hall Office phone: 970-247-7338 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/mccauley_r/index.html Office hours: MWR 10:00 am-12:10 pm and by appointment Course information Meeting time and place: Lecture/Lab MWR 8:00–10: 00 am, Berndt 440; Field T 8:00 am – 4:30 pm. The lab and herbarium will be open and available for independent work until at least noon on all class days. Required texts: Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens and M. J. Donoghue. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 3rd Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. ISBN: 978-0-87893-407-2 Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora: Western Slope, 4th edition. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO. ISBN: 978-1-60732-142-2 Harris, J. G. and M. W. Harris. 2001. Plant Identification Terminology, 2nd edition, Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, UT. ISBN: 978-0-96402-216-4 Required Supplies (available at FLC bookstore – probably not shelved with textbooks – ask clerk for assistance) 10x handlens 1 Rite-in-the-Rain, Horizontal Line All-Weather Notebook, No. 391 Course Website: http://moodle.fortlewis.edu I will use Moodle as a repository for any lecture material and plant lists. Most of these will also be made available in class. -
The Rhesus Factor and Disease Prevention
THE RHESUS FACTOR AND DISEASE PREVENTION The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 3 June 2003 Edited by D T Zallen, D A Christie and E M Tansey Volume 22 2004 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2004 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2004 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 0 85484 099 1 Histmed logo images courtesy Wellcome Library, London. Design and production: Julie Wood at Shift Key Design 020 7241 3704 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Zallen D T, Christie D A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2004) The Rhesus Factor and Disease Prevention. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 22. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications;Acknowledgements vii E M Tansey and D A Christie Introduction Doris T Zallen xix Transcript Edited by D T Zallen, D A Christie and E M Tansey 1 References 61 Biographical notes 75 Glossary 85 Index 89 Key to cover photographs ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 John Walker-Smith performs an exchange transfusion on a newborn with haemolytic disease. Photograph provided by Professor John Walker-Smith. Reproduced with permission of Memoir Club. 13 Figure 2 Radiograph taken on day after amniocentesis for bilirubin assessment and followed by contrast (1975). -
Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The Great Snail Debate” of the 1950S
Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The Great Snail Debate” of the 1950s ROBERTA L. MILLSTEIN Department of Philosophy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 USA E-mail: [email protected] Forthcoming in the Journal of the History of Biology -- no doubt, there will be some (hopefully small) changes in the proofing process Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically p. 1 Abstract: Biologists and philosophers have been extremely pessimistic about the possibility of demonstrating random drift in nature, particularly when it comes to distinguishing random drift from natural selection. However, examination of a historical case - Maxime Lamotte's study of natural populations of the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis in the 1950s - shows that while some pessimism is warranted, it has been overstated. Indeed, by describing a unique signature for drift and showing that this signature obtained in the populations under study, Lamotte was able to make a good case for a significant role for drift. It may be difficult to disentangle the causes of drift and selection acting in a population, but it is not (always) impossible. Keywords: adaptationism, Arthur J. Cain, conspicuous polymorphism, Cepaea nemoralis, random genetic drift, ecological genetics, evolution, Philip M. Sheppard, Maxime Lamotte, natural selection, selectionist Pessimistic Introduction The process known as “random drift”1 is often considered to be one of the most important chance elements in evolution. Yet, over the years, biologists and philosophers have expressed pessimism about the possibility of demonstrating random drift in nature. The following is just a sampling. In 1951, Arthur Cain argued: 1 Authors refer to this phenomenon variously as “random drift,” “genetic drift,” “random genetic drift,” or simply “drift,” without any apparent shift in meaning. -
Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S. -
Chequered Swallowtail Papilio Demoleus Sthenelus
Butterfly GardeningFact sheet Papilionidae family Chequered Swallowtail Papilio demoleus sthenelus Abundance in Adelaide area: Uncommon Flight: Sep–May Wingspan: m 72 mm; f 75 mm Mature larva length: 45 mm This lovely Swallowtail is an occasional visitor to Adelaide in the course of its migratory flights. It will breed here when it finds its caterpillar food plant, but probably cannot survive the winters. Young caterpillars resemble bird droppings during the first four instars, but in the fifth are mostly green. Its caterpillar food plants (Cullen spp.) make an attractive addition to gardens and butterflies can also use the flowers as a nectar source. The Common Grass-blue butterfly also uses these plants for breeding. Interestingly, the butterfly emerges from the The Chequered Swallowtail is one of the largest pupa in as little as three weeks or as much as ten butterflies regularly seen in southern Australia months, or longer. This can help the survival of and as such, with its pale yellow and black this arid-adapted species in adverse years. colouration and rapid flight, attracts attention from those who have an interest in butterflies. Caterpillar food plants: Scurf-peas (Cullen spp.). Caterpillars eat the flowers and soft green This butterfly is quite different in appearance parts of these annual or short-lived perennial from other South Australian species. Firstly it is plants. quite large, being from 72–75 mm across the expanded wings. The background colour of the Adelaide native species: Tall Scurf-pea entire wing surface is usually yellow but ranges (Cullen australasicum; previously known from near white to quite a deep chrome yellow. -
Native Plant Identification CONTACT in the Northern and Yorke Region
Government of South Australia Northern and Yorke Natural FACT SHEET NO 2.018 Resources Management Board September 2011 NRM Plan Native plant identification CONTACT In the Northern and Yorke Region Main Office Basic plant identification is a vital skill for Northern and Yorke NRM Board land managers. It assists in appreciating PO Box 175 the vegetation around you and managing 41-49 Eyre Road that vegetation. Does a plant belong on a Crystal Brook SA 5523 site or is it a weed? Ph: (08) 8636 2361 Fx: (08) 8636 2371 This fact sheet introduces some of the www.nynrm.sa.gov.au common plant groups of the Northern and Yorke Region and how to identify them. All living things have been categorized into what is known as the Linnaean System of classification. Plants are grouped using common attributes until each plant is given a unique Classification. The steps of Classification are: • Kingdom • Division • Class • Order • Family • Subfamily • Genus • Species This results in a unique Botanical or Scientific name consisting of Genus and Species. Some plants are further split into sub species. Most plants have at least one common name. These are non scientific and often vary from region to region. Some plants may have the same common name, this often causes confusion so it is important to use the Botanical name. The plants right would be referred to as Eucalyptus leucoxylon subspecies leucoxylon or the South Australian Blue Gum. This plant is known as Yellow Gum in Victoria. Glossary of common botanical terms Annual A plant that completes its life within one year. -
The Species Problem
Ethnobotanical Leaflets Journal Contents Back Issues Book Reviews Research Notes Careers Meetings Botany Resources The Species Problem Selected Definitions (Presented in Chronological Order) Compiled by Donald Ugent 3/28/96 John Ray. 1704. "Nulla certior occurit quam distincta propagations ex semine.'' (Nothing is more certain to distinguish species than the criterion that true species faithfully reproduce their kind by seed.) "Plants which derive their origin from the same seed, and again propagate themselves in sowing, we may consider as belonging to a single species...Thus as to plants of specific conformity: there is certainty that they came from the seed of the same plant, whether as species or individual. For those which differ as species preserve their species in perpetuity, and one does not arise from the seed of the other, or vice versa." (Historia Plantarum. Chapt XXI). Linnaeus, C. 1731. "All species number their origin first from the hand of the Omnipotent Creator: for species having been created, the Author of Nature has imposed the eternal law of generation and multiplication within the species itself...there is never a metamorphosis from one species into another." (Critica Botanica Sect. 271). "There are as many species as there were originally created diverse forms." (Classes Plantarum 1738). "That species of plants were created by God at the beginning of the world and do not change into other species, and are therefore natural, and that they remain unchanged to the present day no sane person will doubt; the confusion which would arise from the change of one species into another, to the detriment of mankind, would not be allowed by the most provident Maker." (Ortega's 1792 edition of Linneaus, Philosophia Botanica. -
Linguistic Imperialism'
Title Linnaeus, Chinese flora and 'linguistic imperialism' Author(s) Cook, GA The 2009 Symposium of the University of Hong Kong Summer Institute in Arts & Humanities: 'The Appropriation of Chinese Citation Nature during the Enlightenment', Hong Kong, China, 14 July 2009. Issued Date 2009 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/123694 Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License Linnaeus, Chinese flora and ‘linguistic imperialism’ Alexandra Cook Department of Philosophy HKU [email protected] Theses Linnaeus did not practice „linguistic imperialism‟ in naming Chinese plants; In naming Chinese plants, Linnaeus applied his rules less restrictively than is generally thought (Needham, Schiebinger); assigned a relatively small percentage of patronymic names; and offered a road map to many indigenous usages and names through his synonymies and materia medica. Some statistics 160 Chinese species determined by Linnaeus father and son; 100 of these in Species plantarum (1753): SP marks official beginning of modern botanical nomenclature Binomial names: Genus + specific epithet Total of 319 Chinese species known to L. and L. fil. Total genera named by Linnaeus: 1,313 23% of 286 economically-useful species named by Linnaeus have generic names referring to use contradicting his rules of 1737 (Crit. Bot.) Patronymics: 10% (i.e. 13) of 131 genera designations of Chinese plants by L. and L. fil. However, mine is primarily a qualitative, rather than a quantitative or statistical, argument. Critiques of Linnaean generic names Joseph Needham, with Lu Gwei-Djen and Huang Hsin-Tsung, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 6: Biology and Biological Technology, part I: Botany (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986). -
Rules of Botanical Nomenclature
Taxonomy Prof.(Dr.) Punam Jeswal Head M.Sc semester II Botany Department Rules of Botanical Nomenclature Definition - Nomenclature is the art of naming of objects, which deals with the determination of a correct name to a known plant or to a known taxon. The names indeed correspond to the sentence, as both constitute meaningful collection of words. A name indicates a noun that helps in the quick identification, easy communication and economy of memory about the object to which it is concerned. Types of Names - The names according to their range of audience, language, territorial coverage and governance are of two types :- 1. Common or vernacular names. 2. International or scientific names. Common or Vernacular Names - These names are of the locals, by the locals, for the locals, in the local dialect. That is when a local plant is named by native people for the identification and communication to the other people of the same territory in their won local dialect, it is referred to as local or common or vernacular name. The fundamental demerits of this name are that they have limited audience, small territorial coverage and not governed under any set of principles or rules and even the same plant may have more than one name in the same locality. Another demerit of concern regarding these names is presence of synonyms in the languages therefore; the same plant may have a variety of names at different places in different languages. As for instance, mango(Mangifera indica) posses more than fifty names in Sanskrit only and lotus is known by more than two dozen names in Sanskrit and Hindi languages. -
Divining Darwin: Evolving Responses and the Contribution of David Lack1
S & CB (2014), 26, 53–78 0954–4194 R. J. (SAM) BERRY Divining Darwin: Evolving Responses and the Contribution of David Lack1 Christian believers, particularly evangelicals, often react to evolutionary ideas with more heat than light. A significant contribution to clarifying understanding was a book published in 1957, Evolutionary Theory and Christian Belief by the eminent ornithologist David Lack. It was the first attempt to tease out the issues by a scientist of his calibre. Information about this book has recently been published in a biography of Lack. This essay seeks to put Lack’s contribution into the perspective of both past and continuing perceptions of Christianity and evolution. Key words: Darwin, Darwinism, Evolutionary Theory and Christian Belief, David Lack, Dan and Mary Neylan, C.S.Lewis, human nature, imago Dei This paper is about the contribution of David Lack, one of the most dis- tinguished biologists of the twentieth century, to the debates about evolu- tion and Christianity, and his personal journey thereto. His contribution is significant because of the authority he brought to a book he wrote in 1957, which raised these debates to a much more positive and informed level than had previously been the practice. But before we get to Lack and his book, we need to understand something of the background to the understanding of evolution by both scientists and Christians. The reaction of the Christian community to Darwin’s Origin of Species2 ought to be a simple matter of historical record.3 In practice it is regularly muddied. An Editorial in Nature in 2009 claimed, ‘In England the Church reacted badly to Darwin’s theory, going so far as to say that to believe it was to imperil your soul.’4 There may well have been those who maintained this, but they seem to have been few. -
Did Kettlewell Commit Fraud? Re-Examining The
www.ssoar.info Did Kettlewell commit fraud? Re-examining the evidence Rudge, David Wÿss Postprint / Postprint Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: www.peerproject.eu Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Rudge, D. W. (2005). Did Kettlewell commit fraud? Re-examining the evidence. Public Understanding of Science, 14(3), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662505052890 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter dem "PEER Licence Agreement zur This document is made available under the "PEER Licence Verfügung" gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zum PEER-Projekt finden Agreement ". For more Information regarding the PEER-project Sie hier: http://www.peerproject.eu Gewährt wird ein nicht see: http://www.peerproject.eu This document is solely intended exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes for your personal, non-commercial use.All of the copies of Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument this documents must retain all copyright information and other ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses or otherwise use the document in public. Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke conditions of use. vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an.