Hyman Brand Hebrew Academy האקדמיה לעברית ע"ש היימן ברנד Ha’academia l’ivrit al shem Hyman Brand
Mini-Hebrew Dictionary (with a splash of Yiddish)
How to Use: This dictionary is divided by sections and is not alphabetic, rather it is thematic. All words are listed as transliterations first with Hebrew script next to each word, along with a definition. Transliterations are tricky to do and our transliterations are meant to be phonetic for English readers. The dictionary themes are: I. Common Phrases, II. Ritual Words and Life Cycle Events, III. Prayers and Blessings, IV. Holidays and Associated Words, V. Yiddish Words, VI. Numbers and Calendar Items, VII. Torah and Jewish Literature and VIII. Jewish Beliefs and Ideas Section I. Common Phrases
Daily Greetings
Hello/goodbye/peace שלום Shalom ”Good morning“ בוקר טוב Boker Tov How Are You מה נשמע? Ma Nishma (”?Bless/Thank God (a response to “how are you ברוך השם Baruch Hashem ”?What’s new“ מה חדש? Mah Chadash ?What’s happening? How are you מה העניינים? Mah Hainyanim ”Peace unto you“ שלום עליכם Shalom Aleichem The response to Shalom Aleichem עליכם השלום Aleichem HaShalom See you later להתראות L’ehitra’ot Welcome,” to a group of people“ ברוכים הבאים Beruchim Habaim ”Hello children“ שלום ילדים Shalom Yeladim
Holiday and Shabbat Greetings
Have a peaceful Shabbat שבת שלום Shabbat Shalom Gut Shabbes Have a good Shabbat (Yiddish) (Have a good week (Used on Saturday night שבוע טוב Shavuah Tov ”Have a Happy Holiday“ חג שמח Chag Sa-may-ach Gut Yuntif Happy Holiday (Passover, Sukkot, Shavuot) (Yiddish)
Life cycle
”Happy Birthday“ יום הולדת שמח Yom Huledet Sa-may-ach (Blessed is the True Judge” (said upon hearing of a death“ ברוך דיין האמת Baruch Dayan Ha-emet ,Wishes for a healthy pregnancy (used in lieu of saying Mazel Tov בשעה טובה B’sha-ah Tovah because the baby has not yet arrived)
Celebrating
(Much success!” (used to wish someone good luck“ בהצלחה B’hatzlacha ”Very good“ טוב מאוד Tov Me-ode (To Life” (used as a toast at a meal/occasion“ לחיים Lechayim (Congratulations (“good fortune”) (used on happy life cycle events מזל טוב Mazal Tov (”Great job! (“all the honor כל הכבוד Kol Hakavod
Manners
Thank you תודה Todah Thank you very much תודה רבה Todah Rabah You’re welcome בבקשה Bevakasha !Bon Apetit בתאבון B’tayavon ”Quiet, please“ שקט בבקשה Sheket Bevakasha People in a family
Mother אמא Eema Father אבא Ahbbah Grandmother סבתא Sahvtah Grandfather סבא Sahbbah Brother אח Ach Sister אחות Achot Uncle דוד Dod Aunt דודה Dodah Boy ילד Yeled Girl ילדה Yalda Man איש Eesh Woman אישה Eeshah Groom חתן Chatann Bride כלה Kallah
School words
(Teacher (male/female מורה Moreh/ Morah (Student (male/female תלמיד/ה Talmid/Talmidah .Mr אדון Adon .Mrs גברת Geveret Grade/classroom כיתה Keetah First Grade, Second Grade כיתה א, כיתה ב …Keetah Aleph, Kita Bet Office משרד Misrad Library ספריה Sifriyah Nurse אחות Achote Principal מנהל.מנהלת Minahel/Minahelet Hallway מסדרון Misderon Poster or wall לוח Luach Homework שיעורי בית Shee-oo-ray Bayit Backpack ילקוט Yalkoot/Teek Cubbie תא Tah Locker ארונית Aroneet Lunch box תיק אוכל Teek Ochel Line טור / שורה Toor/Shurah Workbook חוברת Choveret Vacation חופש Chofesh Recess הפסקה Hafsahkah Snack חטיף Chateef Book ספר Sefer Pencil עיפרון Eepahrone Classroom helper תורן/תורנית Torahn/Toraneet
Section II. Ritual Words and Life Cycle Events
Joy” or “happiness,” A joyous occasion or a celebration“ שמחה Simchah
Marriage
Aufruf Pre-marriage aliyah taken before wedding day (Yiddish) Jewish marriage contract כתובה Ketubah Marriage canopy חופה Chuppah Seven marriage blessings said at the wedding ceremony and at the festive meal שבע ברכות Shevah brachot afterwards tag">Get Jewish divorce decree Bashehrt Predestined, made for each other (Yiddish) Groom חתן Chatan Bride כלה Kallah Bedeken “To Inspect” Part of ceremony in which the groom lifts the veil to check to see that the bride is indeed herself – based on story of Jacob, Leah and Rachel (Yiddish) Tish Table where Ketubah is signed, usually before wedding ceremony A Jewish Court of Law, which in modern times consists of at least three rabbis for בית דין Beit din rulings on religious law, such as conversion or divorce (get) (Definition of a Jew by choice (convert גרGer
Birth
Greeting for Pregnancy (used in lieu of saying Mazel Tov, because the baby has not בשעה טובה B’sha-ah Tovah yet arrived) Ritual circumcision- Symbol of God's covenant with Abraham and the Jewish people ברית מילה Brit Meelah Bris Ritual circumcision (Yiddish) Ritual circumciser מוהל Mohel Naming celebration for girl שמחת בת Simchat Bat Coming of age for religious responsibility. "Bat" mitzvah and custom of big party are בר/בת מצוה Bar/Bat Mitzvah relatively recent developments
Death
(Holy Society," (People who prepare body for burial through ritual washing"חברה קדישא Chevrah Kadishah Tearing of garment as sign of mourning קריעה Kree-ah Prayer of praise of God, said by mourners קדיש (Kaddish (yatom First seven days of mourning שבעה Shivah First 30 days of mourning שלושים Sh'loshim Blessed is the true Judge," a phrase said when Jews hear of a death" ברוך דין האמת Baruch Dayan Ha’emet Yahrzeit Anniversary of date of death Memorial service added to services on Yom Kippur, Shmini Atzeret, Pesach and יזכור Yizkor Shavuot (The recalling,” (referring to the unveiling ceremony at a gravesite“ אזכרה Ahzkahrah School Words
House of the Book,” which refers to a religious school“ בית ספר Beit Sefer A Jewish School of higher learning in Torah, Talmud and classic Jewish Texts ישיבה Yeshivah (Accompanying the Queen,” (refering to the festival meal at the end of Shabbat“ מלווה מלכה Melavah Malkah Holiday of the Siddur,” where students are given their first formal prayer book“ חג סידור Chag Siddur Holiday of the Chumash,” where students are given their first formal torah“ חג חומש Chag Chumash
Ritual Objects
Scroll"; scroll on which the Book of Esther is written, read on Purim" מגילה (Megillah (pl. megillot Lampstand with 7 branches which stood in Temple in Jerusalem; also used to refer מנורה Menorah to chanukkiah Doorpost,” (refers to scroll inscribed with Torah passages which is attached to" מזוזה Mezuzah doorpost of Jewish homes) Parchment inside the Mezuzah קלף Klahf From the word “five” – a good luck charm in the shape of a hand (Arabic) to חמסה Chamsah symbolize the “hand of God” Hidden Away” (a storage place for prayer books or ritual items that must be buried“ גניזה Geneezah because they contain a written name of God) (Righteousness" (refers to money given to charity" צדקה Tzedakah
Food Related Terms
That which is permissible to be eaten by biblical and rabbinic standards; most כשר Kosher notably this precludes pork products, shellfish, and any combination of meat and milk products Trayf Food that is classified by its natural state as being unkosher (i.e. pork, shellfish) Glatt Kosher Strictly Kosher, especially in reference to checking for flaws in the lungs of a slaughtered animal (Yiddish) An official seal of approval that food is Kosher that is issued by a mashgiach הכשר Hechsher A trained person who inspects and makes sure all the laws of Kashrut are followed משגיח Mashgiach Pareve Products that are, by their nature, neither meat nor dairy (Yiddish) Fleishig Products that are, by their nature, meat (Yiddish) Milchig Products that are, by their nature, dairy (Yiddish) A local organization of rabbis and mashgichim that oversees standards of kashrut ועד הכשרות Va’ad Ha-kashrut and bestows certificates of compliance
Names of God:
שדי Shaddai ,אלוהים Elohim ,אדוני Names used only in a ritual context: Adonai השם Ha-shem הקדוש ברוך הוא Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu ,ה' Names used in all contexts: Adoshem
Section III. Prayers and Blessings
Places, Objects and People in Worship:
Prayer תפילה Tefilah (Pray (Yiddish דוון Daven House of Study בית מדרש Beit Midrash House of Assembly בית כנסת Beit K'nesset Ritual Head covering כיפה Kippah Prayer shawl טלית Tallit Fringes required on corners of four-corner garments ציצית Tzeetzeet Tzee-tzees Fringes (Yiddish) Phylacteries, leather straps worn in traditional daily prayer תפילין Tefillin Holy ark, resting place of Torah scolls ארון הקודש Aron Hakodesh Platform at front of sanctuary בימה Beemah (Congregation's representative in prayer (Cantor שליח ציבור Shaliach tzibbur The one who leads the singing and chanting of the service; cantor חזן Chazzan Devotional intent in worship כוונה Kavannah Fixed prayers קבע Kevah .Quorum of 10 adults required for public worship מנין Minyan (Prayer book (except High Holy days סידור Siddur Prayer book for High Holy days מחזור Machzor Eternal light which hangs in front of the ark נר תמיד Ner Tameed Ritual Bath; a body of water used for ritual cleaning, must use natural water source מקווה Mikveh
Services/Components:
Evening service מעריב Mahareev Morning service שחרית Shachareet Additional service for Shabbat, Rosh Hodesh and major holidays מוסף Musaf Afternoon service מנחה Mincha Morning Blessings in Daily Service ברכות השחר Beerchot Hashachar Introductory morning service פסוקי דזימרא P'sukei D'zimrah (Blessing’” (basic unit of Jewish prayer“ ברכה Brachah .Private prayers, "The Prayer," recited while standing עמידה Amidah Prayer of sanctification in Amidah קדושה Kedushah Prayer of praise; concludes service sections קדיש Kaddish Sacrifices / section of prayers which reviews sacrifices which were offered קרבנות Korbanot Psalms of praise added to service on selected holidays הלל Hallel Festival day - work prohibited יום טוב Yom Tov Intermediate festival days חול המועד Chol Hamo-ed The physical means of separation, usually a curtain or wall, between men’s and מחיצה Mechitzah women’s sections of a synagogue honor of being called to bless the Torah עליה Aliyah Torah reader at public prayer service בעל/בעלת קורא Baal/Baalat Korey One of two people who conduct the Torah reading, standing on either side of the גבאי (Gabbai (pl. gabbai'im Torah reader The honor of lifting the Torah after it is read to the congregation הגבהה Hagbahah The one who rolls the Torah after it is read and dresses it גלילה Geleelah Portion from one of the books of the prophets read each Shabbat to complement הפטרה Haftarah the Torah portion The One who blessed,” (prayer recited for those who have an aliyah and read the" מי שברך Mi She’bei’rach Torah) (Portion," (the Torah portion assigned to a particular week or holy day" פרשה Parashah Weekly Torah portion סדרה Sidrah Prayerbook for Shabbat, weekdays, and festivals, or some combination of the above סידור (Siddur (pl. siddurim Printed edition of the Torah which has vocalized and pointed text in one column, and תיקון Teekkune a photographic representation of a Sefer Torah next to it, used to learn to chant Torah Trope System of cantillation marks and their music, which are used to chant sacred books; there are trope systems for Torah, haftarah, and the megillot. (Hand,” (Pointer used to keep one's place while reading Torah“ יד Yad Commentary/sermon given about ideas from the Torah or the weekly Torah portion דבר תורה D’var Torah
Blessings:
Small booklet that contains Grace after Meals and other songs and prayers בירכון Bentscher/Beerkhon associated with meals (Yiddish then Hebrew) (Blessed are you, Adonai,” (Words that begin most blessings“ ברוך אתה אדוני Baruch Atah Adonai The Grace After Meals Prayer ברכת המזון Beerkhat Hamazon The blessing that thanks God for long life and for reaching a happy occasion שהחיינו Shehecheyanu (Standing,” (This is the long, centerpiece prayer of the synagogue service“ עמידה Amidah Another name for the Amidah, Literally, “18 benedictions” for the 18 blessings that שמונה עשרה Shemoneh Esrei are a part of the prayer The blessing over the “fruit of the vine,” i.e. the wine בורא פרי הגפן Borei Pre-Hagafen The blessing over the bread המוציא Ha’Motzi ”The blessing over the “fruit of the tree העץ Ha’etz ”The blessing over the “fruit of the ground האדמה Ha’ahdahmah The blessing over the eating products of wheat, barley, rye, oats, or spelt מזונות Mizonot The blessing over eating all other foods שהכל נהיה בדברו She’hakol nihiyeh b’dvaroh The blessing over the bread לחם Lechem The blessing over the washing of the hands נטילת ידיים N’Teelat Yadayim
Section IV. Holidays and Associated Words
Shabbat: Items not touched on Shabbat either because they might lead to a violation of מוקצה Muktzeh Shabbat or because it was not prepared before Shabbat for use on Shabbat Sanctification of the day, usually said using wine קידוש Kiddush Service of welcome for Shabbat קבלת שבת Kabbalat Shabbat Third meal on Shabbat סעודה שלישית Se-udah Shlisheet Service of separation to mark end of Shabbat הבדלה Havdalah Wine or grape juice used for Kiddish יין Yayin (Spices,” (referring almost always to spices used for Havdalah“ בשמים Besamim (Fire,” (the flame of the candle used at Havdalah“ אש Aish (Leaving of Shabbat (Saturday night מוצאי שבת Motzah-ay Shabbat Candle Lighting at the beginning of Shabbat הדלקת נרות Had-lahkaht Neirat Licht Benchen Candle Lighting at the beginning of Shabbat (Yiddish) Sabbath Delight,” (referring to informal reception after Shabbat Services, either“ עונג שבת Oneg Shabbat Friday evening or Saturday morning) A special Shabbat program for learning and fellowship שבתון Shabbaton Sabbath Guardian,” (referring to a Jew who strictly observes the Sabbath“ שומר שבת Shomer Shabbat according to halakhah or Jewish Law) ,The portion of bread dough which is burned entirely as a sacrifice to God; today חלה Challah however, the term is used to refer to a braided loaf of white bread used to celebrate the Sabbath
High Holy Days: ”Days of Awe“ ימים נוראים Yameem Norah-eem A hollowed out ram’s horn that is blown like a trumpet during Elul and the high שופר Shofar holidays: 4 sounds are Tekiah, Teruah, Shevarim and Tekiah Gedolah Prayers asking Divine forgiveness סליחות Seleechot Day of Judgment,” a name for Rosh Hashanna“ יום הדין Yom Hadeen Day of Remembering,” a name for Rosh Hashanna“ יום הזיכרון Yom Hazikarohne Day of Shofar Sound,” a name for Rosh Hashanna“ יום תרועה Yom Teruah Our Father, our King," list of brief supplications, all begin with that phrase" אבינו מלכנו Avinu Malkeinu Shofar sound: three notes שברים Shevareem Shofar sound: one blast תקיעה Tekee’ah Shofar sound: wavering sound of nine staccato notes תרועה Teruah Formula for absolution of vows, said immediately before Yom Kippur begins כל נדרי Kol Nidre .”Final service on Yom Kippur, literally means “locking נעילה Ne’eelah Throw,” (referring to a ceremony performed on the afternoon of the first day of“ תשליך Tashlich Rosh Hashanah to cast away sins of the year by throwing bread crumbs into water)
Sukkot / Shmini Atzeret/Simhat Torah: Booth erected for Sukkot סוכה Sukkah Roofing material for sukkah סכך Sekhakh Four plant species used during Sukkot services ארבעת המינים Arbah-at Hameeneem Palm; also name given for arbah minim לולב Lulav "Myrtle; twigs (3) used in "lulav הדס Hadas "Willow; twigs (2) used in "lulav ערבה Aravah Citron fruit used with lulav in sukkot rituals אתרוג Etrog Save, I pray," (prayer added each morning during Sukkot. Extra verses are added" הושענא Hoshanah on the last day of Sukkot, Hoshanah Rabbah) Last day of hol hamo-ed Sukkot; last chance for repentance הושענא רבה Hoshana Rabba Eighth day of assembly,” last day of Sukkot but, liturgically, a separate holiday“ שמיני עצרת Shmini Atzeret Rejoicing in the Torah,” holiday marking completion and beginning of Torah reading“ שמחת תורה Simchat Torah cycle Circuits around sanctuary with Torah Scrolls הקפות Hakkafot (Visitors,” (referring to the ancestors who are summoned to the Sukkah“ אושפיזין Ushpizin
Passover/Pesach: (Order,” (Special meal of retelling the Exodus from Egypt“ סדר Seder Search for hametz,” held night before first seder“ בדיקת חמץ Bedikat Chametz Destruction of hametz,” morning of first seder, by approximately 11:00 am“ ביעור חמץ Be'ur Chametz Fermented; wheat, oats, rye, barley or spelt after they come in contact with water חמץ Chametz for 18 minutes after harvest. Also dishes and utensils which have been in contact with hametz foods during the year Book used at seder to retell the story הגדה Haggadah Unleavened bread eaten on Passover מצה Matzah A piece of matzah that is hidden during the Passover Seder אפיקומן Afikomen A bitter herb, usually horseradish, that is on the Seder plate to symbolize the מרור Maror bitterness of slavery in Egypt Seder plate קערת הסדר K’ahrah The Four Questions introduction or “tune” that is sung or recited during the Seder מה נשתנה Mah-neesh-tanah
Shavuot: Pentecost- feast of weeks. 50 days after second day of Pesach שבועות Shavuot The scroll real on Shavuot, the book of Ruth מגילת רות Megillot Root All night study session to recall giving of Ten Commandments תיקון ליל שבועות Tikkun Layl Shavuot The Ten Commandments עשרת הדברות Asseret Hadeebrot
Minor Holidays: Dedication," holiday celebrating the victory of the Maccabees against the"חנוכה (Hanukkah (or Chanukah Assyrian-Greeks branch candelabra used in Temple 7 מנורה Menorah branch candelabra used for Hanukkah celebration 9 חנוכייה Hanukkeeah Servant,” (refers either to the 9th candle in the chanukkiah which is used to light" שמש Shammesh the other 8 candles, or to one who serves as the custodian of the synagogue) Gelt “Money,” (referring to foil wrapped chocolate coins used when playing dreidel at Hanukah) (Yiddish) (Potato pancakes; traditional Hanukkah meal (Yiddish/Hebrew לביבה Latke/Liveeva A great miracle happened there” – letters of the Siveevon/Dreidel“ נס גדול היה שם Nes Gadol Hayah Sham Spinning top; used in children's games at Hanukkah סביבון Siveevon/Dreidel Jelly doughnuts; traditional Hanukkah treat סופגניות Sufganeeyot Prayer of thanksgiving added to Amidah on Hanukkah and Purim על הניסים Al Hanissim A Jewish rebel army who liberated parts of the Land of Israel from the rule of the מכבים Maccabees Assyrian-Greeks 10th of Tevet, minor fast day noting start of Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, 587 עשרה בטבת Asarah B'Tevet B.C.E.
(Fifteenth of Shevat,” (new year for trees“ ט"ו בשבט Tu B’shvat ”Holiday of the Trees“ חג האילנות Chag Ha-eelanote ”Tree“ עץ Etz (Lots,” (holiday celebrating the victory of Mordecai and Esther over Haman“ פורים Purim Fast day preceding Purim תענית אסתר Ta-aneet Ester Megillah read on Purim מגילה Megillat Ester Gifts of food (2 kinds) sent to friends on Purim משלוח מנות Mishloach Manot Shalach Munis Mishloah Manot (Yiddish) Gifts of tzedakah given to poor on Purim מתנות לאביונים Matanot L'evyoneem Special meal of celebration during the Purim day סעודת פורים Se’udat Purim King or Persia in Book of Esther אחשורוש Achahshvahrosh The cousin of Queen Esther and one of the heroes of the Purim story מרדכי Mordechai
Sheaf offering brought to Temple on 16 Nisan; name for period between the second עומר Omer day of Pesach and Shavuot Holocaust Commemoration day, 27 Nisan יום השואה Yom Hashoah Israel Memorial Day, 3 Iyar יום הזיכרון Yom Hazeekaron ”Flag“ דגל Degel (The Hope,” (Israeli National Anthem“ התקווה Hateekvah Israel Independence Day, 4 Iyar יום העצמאות Yom Ha-atzmaoot (33rd day of omer,” Minor festival day, 18 Iyar (free from restrictions“ לג בעומר Lag B'omer Reunification of Jerusalem, 1967, 28 Iyar יום ירושלים Yom Yerushalyim 17th of Tammuz,” Minor fast day noting Babylonians entering“ שבעה עשר בתמוז Shivah Asar B'Tammuz Jerusalem, 587 B.C.E. ,9th of Av,” Day of mourning for Jewish tragedies, including loss of two Temples“ תשעה באב Tisha B'av expulsion from Spain in 1492 ”A “Fast צום Tzohm An annual fast day instituted by the Jewish Sages to commemorate the צום גדליה Tzohm Gedahliaya assassination of Gedahliaya Ben Achikam, the Governor of Israel during the days of Nebuchadnetzar King of Babylonia
Section V. YiddishWords
Bubbe Grandmother Bubkes Something worthless Chazerai Cheap, worthless stuff Haimish Unpretentious, homey Kibbitz Fool around, joke Klutz Clumsy or awkward Kvell To be delighted, pleased, proud Kvetch To chronically complain Macher A big wheel/operator Mensch A caring, decent person Nosh A little snack Schmooze Friendly conversation Shlep To carry or lug Shluff To sleep Shmatte Rag, an old worn piece of clothing Shmeer A dab or a spread Shmutz Dirt or stain Shpiel A long involved story or tale Shtick Overused actions or behavior Tchotchke Any cute or insignificant object (doll) Tsuris Troubles or worries Zayde Grandfather Section VI. Numbers and Calendar Items Common numbers: (One (1 אחת(.Ahat (femin / אחד (.Ehad (masc (Two (2 שתיים (.Shtayim (femin / שניים (.Shnayim (masc (Three (3 שלוש (.Shalosh (femin / שלושה (.Shlosha (masc (Four (4 ארבע ).Arba (femin / ארבעה (.Arbaah (masc (Five (5 חמש (.Hamesh (femin / חמישה (.Hamisha (masc (Six (6 שש (.Shesh (femin / שישה (.Shisha (masc (Seven (7 שבע (.Sheva (femin / שבעה (.Shivah (masc (Eight (8 שמונה(.Shmoneh (femin / שמונה (.Shmona (masc (Nine (9 תשע (.Taysha(femin / תשעה (.Tishah (masc (10) עשר (.Eser (femin /עשרה (.Asara (masc (no gender) Twenty (20) עשרים Esreem (Thirty (30 שלושים Shlosheem (Forty (40 ארבעים Arbayim (Fifty (50 חמישים Hamesheem (Sixty (60 ששים Shisheem (Seventy (70 שבעים Sheveem (Eighty (80 שמונים Shmoneem (Ninety (90 תשעים Tisheem (One Hundred (100 מאה May’a (One Thousand (1000 אלף Elef
Calendar Items: (The day prior to a holiday/Shabbat (Erev Shabbat, Erev Purim ערב Erev Months (Hodesh) of the Hebrew Year (Shana) and their Holidays (Chag) תשרי (Tishray (30 days ניסן (Nisan (30 days ראש השנה Rosh Hashanah 1-2 פסח Pesach 15-23 צום גדליה Fast of Gedaliah 3 יום השואה Yom Hashoah 27 יום כיפור Yom Kippur 10 סכות Sukkot 15-22 אייר (Iyar (29 days שמיני עצרת Shmini Atzeret 22 יום הזיכרון Yom Hazikaron 3 שמחת תורה Simhat Torah 23 יום העצמאות Yom Ha-atzma-ut 4 לג בעומר Lag B'Omer 18 חשון (Heshvan (29/30 days -No Holidays יום ירושלים Yom Yerushalyim 28 כסלו (Kislev (29/30 days סיון (Sivan (30 days חנוכה Hanukkah (30)5-29 שבועות Shauvot 6-7 טבת (Tevet (29 days תמוז (end of Hanukkah Tammuz (29 days (3)1-2 (Sh'va Asar B'Tammuz (Minor Fast Day 17 עשרה בטבת Asarah B'Tevet (Fast of Tevet 10
אב (Av (30 days טו בשבט Shevat (30 days) 15 Tu Bishevat תשעה באב (Tisha B'av (Nonth of Av 9 אדר (Adar (30 days, during leap year add Adar II: 29 אלול Elul (29 Days( - No Holidays תענית אסתר )Ta-anit Ester (Fast of Esther 13 פורים Purim 14 שושן פורים Shushan Purim 15 Section VII. Torah and Jewish Literature Text and Commentary ".Five books of Moses. Hebrew root means "to guide" or "to teach תורה Torah Printed edition of the Torah, often containing translation and commentaries חומש Chumash The Torah is divided into: ,במדבר Bemidbar ,ויקרא Vayikra , שמות Shmot , בראשית Books: Bereshit ספר Sefer דברים Devarim Chapter פרק Perek Verse פסוק Pasuk The Torah is divided into 54 sections for weekly study and for public readings פרשה Parasha during Shabbat morning services (Acronym for the Bible: Torah; Neviim (Prophets); Ketuvim (Writings תנך Tanakh Pentateuch Five books of Moses Decalogue Ten commandments Asseret Hadibrot Ten commandments Mitzvah of study תלמוד תורה Talmud Torah Early Rabbinic Commentary on Biblical text מדרש Midrash :Collection of ancient rabbinic laws, commentaries and traditions comprised of תלמוד Talmud Legal concepts from which laws are learned, compiled by Judah the Prince ≈ 200 CE משנה Mishnah Commentary on and expansion of the Mishnah גמרא Gemara Commandment; one of 613 from Torah; a good deed is not the best translation מצוה Mitzvah Narrative (non-legal) parts of the Talmud אגדה Aggadah Law הלכה Halakha (Radiance,” (referring to the mystical book that is the canon of Kabalah“ זוהר Zohar Aprocrypha A group of 14 books that were originally included in the Septuagint (the oldest Greek version of the Old Testament) A tractate of the Mishnah that contains a collection of maxims, quotes and popular פרקי אבות Pirkei Avot sayings from ancient Jewish sages and scholars, which is often translated as Ethics of Our Fathers The reading of the Prophets that is part of the Sabbath and Festival morning הפטרה Haftarah Service, usually contained in a Chumash after the weekly Torah reading ,Scrolls,” which are a part of the Hebrew Bible. Read on festivals, they are: Ruth“ מגילות Megillot Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Esther, and Lamentations A famous, comprehensive Code of Jewish Law by Moses Maimonides ≈ 1200 CE משנ ה תורה Mishneh Torah A work of halakha (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan, better known as משנ ה ברורה Mishnah Berurah the Chofetz Chaim≈ 1850 CE (The prepared table,” which is an authoritative code of Jewish law (halakhah“ שולחן ערוך Shulchan Arukh written by Joseph Karo in 1565
Figures in Jewish Literature The most well renowned of the pairs of teachers during the early Mishnaic הלל ושמאי Hillel and Shamai period The most legendary of all the teachers during the Mishnaic period: often considered רבי עקיבא Rabbi Akiva the father of the oral tradition The most authoritative Medieval Torah and Talmud commentator רש"י Rashi The Medieval physician/legal scholar whose intellectual הרב משה בן מימון Moses Maimonides/Rambam prowess is still revered Known also by the acronym “Besht”, Father of the mystical Modern Hasidic בעל שם טוב Baal Shem Tov movement that elevated prayer and the notion of the ordinary person as being of unique value to God and the community Section VIII. Jewish Beliefs and Ideas
Love Israel אהבת ישראל Ahavat Yisrael Visiting the sick ביקור חולים Bikur Holim Truth אמת Emet Faith אמונה Emunah (Geometry,” (referring to an ancient system of Hebrew numerology“ גימטריא Gematria Acts of loving-kindness גמילות חסדים Gemilut Hasadim Welcoming guests הכנסת אורחים Hakhnasat orchim Beautifying a mitzvah הידור מצוה Hiddur Mitzvah Profaning God’s Name by unethical behavior חילול השם Hillul ha-Shem Received mystical tradition קבלה Kabbalah Honor/respect כבוד Kavod Respecting the dead כבוד המת Kavod Ha-met Sanctifying God’s name through exemplary deedsקידוש השםKiddush Ha-Shem Gossip that is considered to be malicious even if it is true לשון הרע Loshon ha-ra Good deeds מעשים טובים Ma’asim tovim Messiah, the concept that when he comes the world will be transformed משיח Mashiach Menschlikhkeit Behaving ethically, kindly and sweetly (Yiddish) A custom that does not have the status of law מנהג Minhag From the word “breathe,” The Soul, the aspect of a person that is spiritual and נשמה Neshamah immortal From the word “breath,” interchangeable with Neshamah נפש Nefesh Consoling the mourner during shiva: the week of mourning ניחום אבלים Nichum aveilum The world to come עולם הבא Olam ha-ba Saving a life for which one can transgress a commandment פיקוח נפש Pikuach nefesh Rachmanut or Rachmones Sympahy or empathy רחמנות Wind or spirit רוח Ruach A tranquil home,” very important especially during Shabbat and festivals“ שלום בית Shalom bayit (Dwelling,” (referring to the ancient Talmudic name for G-d’s presence“ שכינה Shekhinah (Return,” (referring to a return to God by mending our ways and confessing our sins“ תשובה Teshuvah Repair the world,” which has come to be a synonym for social justice, and caring“ תיקון עולםTikun olam For the general (not Jewish) community Torah from Sinai, refers to the belief that the Torah was given by God at Mt. Sinai תורה מסיני Torah mi-Sinai The Jewish principle of modesty and decorum, which applies to more than outward צניעות Tzneeut dress and appearance Evil inclination, the desire to do bad things יצר הרע Yetzer ha-ra Good inclination, the desire to do good things יצר הטוב Yetzer ha-tov Yiddishkeit Jewishness (Yiddish)