I O To,,/ 01.Ihemilitary Boot Was Tfie

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I O To,,/ 01.Ihemilitary Boot Was Tfie lrlJCL RomanLife 2005 I o to,,/ 01.Ihemilitary boot was tfie _. a. carbitina b. soccus c. cothumus d. caliga 02.Ihe minimumage for maniagefor a malewas _ years. a.12b.14 c.16 d.18 03.The oldest and most popular form of entertainmentwas _. a. gladiatorialcombat b. hackand tield c. chariotracing d. ffretheater 04.The emperor broughtthe beard back into fashion. a. Titus b. Trajan c. Haddan d. Antoninuspius 05.The lists of consulsfrom 509 B.C. werc called the _. a. fasti b. numeratic. codices d. evocati 06.Which emperor started the Golosseum? a. Uespasian b. Domitianc. Hadrian d. Titus 07.At a Romanmeal the dessert was the _. a.prima mensa b. secundamensa c. gustatio d. promulsis 08.Ihe Romansprefened their doctors to be a. Greeks b. Egyptians c. Syrians d. Moesians $1.Which priest officially lived at theRegia? a. FlamenDialis b. RexSacrorum c. FlamenMartialis d. PontifexMaximus 10.Gombs were most commonly made of _. a. ivory b. silver c. iron d. bone 11.The first gladiatorialenmbat in Rome took place in _ B.C. a.tt04 b.364 c.2O{ d.164 12.The financial year began in _. a. January b. March c. September d. November 13._ grantedfree persons tfte right to marryex-slaves. a.Augustus b.fiberius c. Claudius d.Uespasian 14.Which circus was on the Vatican Hill? a. Maximus b.Gaius (and Nero) c. ArvalBrottrers d. Flaminius 15.The mmt popularwig was in color. a. black b. blond c. red d. brown 16.rhere were eggsand dolphins used to trackthe laps at a circus. a.11 b.5 c.9 d.7 17.Where would a Romanuse a strigil? a. in a battle b. at thebaths c. in thekitchen d. in thestudy 18.Which emperor had a hugemausoleum on a bankof theTiber? a. Tiberius b. Domitianc. lrlero d. Hadrian 19.The most common form of chariot-racingteam was a a. tigae b. decemiuges c. quadrigae d. bigae Al. Ihe Romansdid not use _ to prepareor eata meal. a. forks b. theirfingers c. sptxrns d. knives 21.Who dedicated the first permanentstone theater in Rome? a. Clodius b. Grassus c. MarcusAntonius d. Pompey 22.What was a fritillus? a. a dessert b. a musician c. a medicalinshrment d. a gamingbox 23.Ihere were militarywatches during tfie night a.2 b.4 c.6 d.I 24.Solaria were intoduced in Romein the centrryB.G. a.7tlr b.sft c.3rd d.lst 25.tttlhich ludiwere established in 366 B.C.? a. Romani b. Plebei c. Apollinares d. Ceriales 26.The dining flrom was the a.atium b.tablinum c. peristylium d.triclinium 27.Patia potestasrefened to _. a. a father'spower over his children b. thepower to commandsoldiers c. a man'scontolof his prcperty d. a husband'spower over his wite 28.Who werc fed at a cenalibera? a. dischargedsoldiers b. recentlyfreed slaves c. studentson the last day of school d. gladiators 29.Cremation urns wete collected in sitescalled a/an _. a. bustum b. columbarium c. catacombd. ustrina 30.The harpastum, paganica, and follis werc types of _. a. sandals b. balls c. unitsof papyrus d. vegetables 31.What part of a togacould be used to forma hood? a. lorica b.cingulum c. umbo d. lacerna 32.Ihe maximumnumber of cyantftiof winepoured into a cupfor a toastwas _. a.7 b.9 c.11 d.13 33.Which empero/s family is porfrayedon tfte Ara Pacis? a. Augustus b. Vespasian c. Gonstantine d. MarcusAurelius 34.Ihe empercr- allowedacfual executions to beused as partof mimes. a. Tiberius b. ilero c. Galigula d. Domitian 35.Who built the smallest fteater in Rome? a. Marcellus b.Augustus c. Pompey d. Balbus 36._ wasNOT one of thetour standad racing factions in Rome. a. red b.purple c. white d. blue 37.The toga _ wasrubbed witlr white chalk. a. virilis b. praetexta c. candida d. pulla 38._ left hisgarden to thepeople. a.Scipio Afticanus b.Julius Gaesar c. Titus d. ScipioAemilianus 39.- theYounger built two theaters which could rotate to forman amphitheater. a. Gurio b. Pliny c. Agrippina d. Drusus 4{1.Roman women sometimes used _ to maketheir faces white. a. lead b. iron c. tin d. silver 41.Which emperor banned men and women from bathing together? a.Augushrs b. Glaudius c. Hadrian d. Gonstantine 42.At whichtype of maniagedid the Pontifex Maximus and Flamen Dialis officiate? a. coemptiob. usus c. contubemium d. confaneatio 4il. Ourbest site for Romanpainting is _. a. Ravennab. Pompeii c.0stia d.Athens t[4.How many numbered entances werc tftere tor tfteGolosseum? a.56 b.66 c.76 d.86 tf5.The outer garment of a Romanmaton wasa a.stola b. paenula c. sagum d. bymrs tl6.The pollice verso indicated a. theacceptance of a childinto the family b. therecognition of a relative c. supportfor a candidated. deathfor a gladiator 47.Who managed a toop of gladiators? a. lanista b. leno c. optio d. praefectusannonae tlS.Iheoriginal calendar of Romulushad _ montfts. a.9 b.10 c.11 d.12 t[9.ttlhat was a modius? a. drugfor a fever b. measurefor wheat c. vatfor makingwine d. makerof silk dresses 50.What was a troupeof actorscalled? a. grex b. ludus c. unio d.rftombus 51.What happened at a lustatio? a. thedowry was ananged b. a divorcewas announced c. tftebaby was given his/her name d. thewill wasread 52._ wereused to fastenclothing. a.anuli b.armillae c. manteliad. fibulae 53.Where would a Romanfind 12carceres? a. Colosseumb. Temple of Janus c. CircusMaximus d.Temple of Vesta S{.Who were the latini luniani? a. dischaqedmembers of theauxilia b. ex-slavesfrced before a magistate c.ex-slavestreed before friends of theformer owner d.the children of a Romancitizen and a slavewoman 55.Roman brothels were closed until$e hour. a.3rd b.6ft c.9frr d.lfth 56.Ihe Nonesoccuned on the 7tfi in a. May b. December c. June d.August 57.The sweat room in the batftswas the a. hypocausis b. laconica c. balneum d. xystus 58.Ihe Romanequivalent of backgammonwas _. a. tabulaelusoriae b.duodecimscripta c. latrunculi d. aleatores 59.The nundinae in thewestern empire lasted _ days. a.4 b.6 c.8 d.10 60.Greek sculpfure was imported into Rome starting from the _ centuryB.G. a.Stfr b.4th c. 3rd d. lst 61.Menfought animals or animalsfought animals in displayscalled a. venationes b. munera c. naumachiae d. bestiarii 62.Which province was the site of two majorslave revolts? a. Mauretania b. Sicily c. Baetica d. Noricum 63.A stibadiumusually accomodated _ diners. a. 4.3 b.5 c.7 d.9 64.A poorRoman would have been most likely to drink a.water b. Falemianwine c. milk d. posca 65.Ihe exercisearea of thethermae was the _. a.tepidarium b. unctorium c. apodyterium d. palesta 66.Ihe monthSextilis became August in _. a.8 B.C. b.2 B.C. c.A.0.4 d.A.D. 14 67.ttlhat were horea? a. riversidewarehouses b. builders'carts c. cheesesalads d. waterclocks 68.A Romanwould ll0T buya ddnkat a _. a. caupona b. peponarius c. popina d. thermopolium 69.Musical performances and literary recitals wete performed in _. a. amphitheatersb. theaters c. odea d. circuses 70.A synthesiswas properly wom to _. a. thebaths b. theCuria c. a battle d. a dinnerparty 71.The original evening meal of theRomans was a. cena b. prandiumc. ientaculum d. vespema 72.According to Plinythe Elder, tfte batft ended with the a. frigidarium b. caldarium c. tepidarium d. palesfra 73.What type of gladiatorhad a sword,a visorcdhelmet and an oblong shield? a. retarius b. Samnite c. mirmillo d. Thracian 74.Slaves became too expensive to beused as unskilled labor in the_ centuryA.D. a.lst b.2nd c.3rd d.4tl T5.lfllhatwas a sutoP a. miller b. shoemaker c. florist d. pasty-cook 76.What was adrcgatio? a.the adoption of a friend'sson b. theadoption of a friend'sdaughter c. anadoption within a gens d. tfteadoption of a paterfamilias 77.Foreign-born doctors practicing in Romewere given Roman citizenship first in _ B.C. a.346 b.2tf6 c. 1tf6 d.46 78.What game did Augustus finance for hisdinner guests to play? a. par impar b. tali c.tesserae d. naviaaut capita 79.The ponidge of theearly Romans was _. a.puls b.frumentum c. laserpicium d.garum 80.Which empress had an affair with the pantomime Paris? a. Livia b. Domitia c. Messalina d. Faustinatfte Younger 81.The first appearanceof tfteseven-day week in Romeappeared in thereign of _. a. Augusttts b. Domitian c. MarcusAurelius d. Gonstantine S2.Who built the first permanentamphitheater in Rome? a.Asinius Pollio b.C. Gestius c. &rbniusHybrida d. StatiliusTaurus 83.A feastwas usually given _ daysafter tfte funeral. a.6 b.9 c.72 d.15 8{. Mostof theevidence about life spancomes fiom a. armyrecords b. templerecords c. epitaphs d. municipalrecords in Egypt 85.The most famous pantomime of tfteAugustan age was a.Archias b. Hylas c. Pylades d. LiviusAndronicus 86.What was the pulvinar? a. a fastfood booth b. a taining campfor thevigiles c. theimperial box at thegames d. Nero"spdvate zoo 87.Ihe first festivalof tfie yearin lm B.C.would have been the Ludi a. Florales b. Gerialesc. Megalenses d. Apollinares 88.Slaves rcceived tfie worstfreatnent in a. tfie mines b. theglassmaking industry c. tre potteryindustry d. the serviceof a city 89.rhe Romansenate gave public munera for thefirst timein B.c. a.125 b.10S c.85 d.6b 90.By the 4th centrry A.D.
Recommended publications
  • THE PONTIFICAL LAW of the ROMAN REPUBLIC by MICHAEL
    THE PONTIFICAL LAW OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC by MICHAEL JOSEPH JOHNSON A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Classics written under the direct of T. Corey Brennan and approved by ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2007 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Pontifical Law of the Roman Republic by MICHAEL JOSEPH JOHNSON Dissertation Director: T. Corey Brennan This dissertation investigates the guiding principle of arguably the most important religious authority in ancient Rome, the pontifical college. Chapter One introduces the subject and discusses the hypothesis the dissertation will advance. Chapter Two examines the place of the college within Roman law and religion, giving particular attention to disproving several widely held notions about the relationship of the pontifical law to the civil and sacral law. Chapter Three offers the first detailed examination of the duties of the pontifical college as a collective body. I spend the bulk of the chapter analyzing two of the three collegiate duties I identify: the issuing of documents known as decrees and responses and the supervision of the Vestal Virgins. I analyze all decrees and responses from the point of view their content, treating first those that concern dedications, then those on the calendar, and finally those on vows. In doing so my goal is to understand the reasoning behind the decree and the major theological doctrines underpinning it. In documenting the pontifical supervision of Vestal Virgins I focus on the college's actions towards a Vestal accused of losing her chastity.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics and Priesthoods in Late Republican Rome
    POLITICS AND PRIESTHOODS IN LATE REPUBLICAN ROME By Jonathon George David Rolfe A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand November 2015 Cover photo: The Roman Nuministic Gallery, ‘CAESAR DICT PERPETUO, silver denarius, ca. 44 BC (posthumous)’ from a private collection <http://www.romancoins.info/Imperatorial-caesar.HTML> Consulted on 12th October 2015. ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the influence of the two major priestly colleges in late republican Rome, the pontificate and the augurate, and aims to explain why membership was valued so highly by members of the Roman élite. Chapter one discusses the exclusive selection process for the priests and the aristocratic prerequisites for membership. In light of the changes to the way priests were selected, resulting from the lex Domitia in 104 BC, this chapter explores the extent to which these offices can be seen as either inherited family rights or political prizes granted through the support of powerful figures like Sulla or Caesar. The second and third chapters consider whether the pontiffs and augurs respectively had significant constitutional ‘hard powers’, comparing their influence to the central religious authority of magistrates and the senate. The collective influence of the pontifical college is examined in the second chapter by assessing their involvement in the decision to reverse the dedication of a shrine on the site of Cicero’s house in 57 BC. This discussion will also analyse the influence of the young individual pontiff, L. Pinarius Natta, who assisted the tribune Clodius at the dedication ceremony in 58 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • La Regia, Le Rex Sacrorum Et La Res Publica Michel Humm
    La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica Michel Humm To cite this version: Michel Humm. La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica. Archimède : archéologie et histoire ancienne, UMR7044 - Archimède, 2017, pp.129-154. halshs-01589194 HAL Id: halshs-01589194 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01589194 Submitted on 18 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARCHIMÈDE N°4 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2017 1 DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE 1 : NOMMER LES « ORIENTAUX » DANS L’ANTIQUITÉ DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE 2 : PRYTANÉE ET REGIA Michel HUMM 87 Introduction. Prytanée et Regia : demeures « royales » ou sanctuaires civiques ? Athènes, Rome et la « médiation » étrusque Patrick MARCHETTI 94 Les prytanées d’Athènes Dominique BRIQUEL 110 Les monuments de type Regia dans le monde étrusque, Murlo et Acquarossa Michel HUMM 129 La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica 155 ACTUALITÉ DE LA RECHERCHE : DYNAMIQUES HUMAINES ANCIENNES 216 VARIA 236 LA CHRONIQUE D’ARCHIMÈDE Retrouvez tous les articles de la revue ARCHIMÈDE sur http://archimede.unistra.fr/revue-archimede/
    [Show full text]
  • An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar
    The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar W. Warde Fowler The Classical Review / Volume 30 / Issue 03 / May 1916, pp 68 - 71 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00010052, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00010052 How to cite this article: W. Warde Fowler (1916). An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar. The Classical Review, 30, pp 68-71 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00010052 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 147.188.128.74 on 04 Jun 2015 68 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW AN UNNOTICED TRAIT IN THE CHARACTER OF JULIUS CAESAR. CAESAR did fewer foolish things than tried, but straightway condemned ; the most men with his opportunities have king appointed two duumviri to per- done; so far as we can judge from his form this duty, being unwilling, Livy own writings and the accounts of those says, to undertake such an ill-omened who knew him, a want of practical wis- job himself.4 A lex horrendi carminis dom was not one of his weak points. governed the procedure. The duum- But on one occasion, early in his viri were to pronounce sentence; against political life, he did what seems to us this sentence the condemned man a foolish thing, and one which no one might appeal to the people; if their has ever attempted to explain as a wise verdict went against him, ' caput obnu- one.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Priesthood Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche Und Vorarbeiten
    Beyond Priesthood Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten Herausgegeben von Jörg Rüpke und Christoph Uehlinger Band 66 Beyond Priesthood Religious Entrepreneurs and Innovators in the Roman Empire Edited by Richard L. Gordon, Georgia Petridou, and Jörg Rüpke ISBN 978-3-11-044701-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-044818-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-044764-4 ISSN 0939-2580 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com TableofContents Acknowledgements VII Bibliographical Note IX List of Illustrations XI Notes on the Contributors 1 Introduction 5 Part I: Innovation: Forms and Limits Jörg Rüpke and FedericoSantangelo Public priests and religious innovation in imperial Rome 15 Jan N. Bremmer Lucian on Peregrinus and Alexander of Abonuteichos: Asceptical viewoftwo religious entrepreneurs 49 Nicola Denzey Lewis Lived Religion amongsecond-century ‘Gnostic hieratic specialists’ 79 AnneMarie Luijendijk On and beyond
    [Show full text]
  • Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
    Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2011-03-11 From Obsurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Classics Commons, and the Comparative Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Simmons, Dustin Wade, "From Obsurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 2503. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2503 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. From Obscurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Cecilia M. Peek, chair Eric D. Huntsman Roger T. Macfarlane Department of Humanities, Classics, Comparative Literature Brigham Young University April 2011 Copyright © 2011 Dustin Wade Simmons All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT From Obscurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons Department of Humanities, Classics, Comparative Literature, BYU Master of Arts The house of the Caecilii Metelli was one of ancient Rome’s most prestigious yet overshadowed plebeian families. Replete with dynamic orators, successful generals, and charismatic women, the Caecilii Metelli lived during the period of Rome’s great expansion.
    [Show full text]
  • Index Locorum
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09052-1 - Religious Deviance in the Roman World: Superstition or Individuality? Jörg Rüpke Index More information Index locorum Acts 4 Cic. Leg . 2.25, 29 17, 100 Cic. Leg. 2.26–69, 103 AE 1987, 163, 33 Cic. Leg. 2.28, 30 , 98 AE 1996, 685, 77 Cic. Leg . 2.32–3, 28 Amm. Marc. 19.2.12, 85 Cic. Leg. 2.35, 103 Apul. Apol. 102, 66 Cic. Leg. 2.35–7, 30 Apul. Apol. 57.2, 66 Cic. Leg . 2.37, 97 Apul. Apol. 58ff ., 66 Cic. Leg. 2.41, 30 , 104 Apul. Deo Socr. 3, 101 Cic. Leg. 2.42, 104 Apul. Met. 3.19.4, 101 Cic. Leg . 2.45, 96 Ascon. Corn . p. 75 Clark, 106 Cic. Leg . 2.46–68, 96 Aug. Civ . 6.3, 28 Cic. Leg . 2.47, 14 Aug. Civ . 6.10, 48 , 49 , 50 , 57 Cic. Leg . 2. 52–3, 13 Aug. Civ. 6.11, 49 Cic. Leg . 2.55, 81 Cic. Leg. 3.6, 24 Cass. Dio 43.45, 61 Cic. Leg. 3.48, 28 Cic. Ad Brut. 10.1, 100 Cic. Leg. 3.49, 28 Cic. Balb. 55, 38 Cic. Leg. agr. 2.16–18, 78 Cic. Brut. 120, 100 Cic. Nat . 1.76–84, 55 Cic. Cael. 40, 100 Cic. Nat. 1.81, 51 Cic. Div . 1.19, 59 Cic. Nat. 1.83, 54 Cic. Div. 1.77f., 4 Cic. Nat. 1.84, 56 Cic. Div. 1.81, 55 Cic. Nat . 3.39, 104 Cic. Div. 1.92, 38 Cic. Nat .
    [Show full text]
  • Livy, Book 45: Historical Commentary and Study of Sources
    LIVY, BOOK 45: HISTORICAL COMMENTARY AND STUDY OF SOURCES by DONALD WALTER BARONOWSKI B. A., McGill University, 1972 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF,; MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Classics We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September, 1974 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Donald W. Baronowski Department of Classics The University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C. V6T 1W5, Canada September 4, 1974 ii ABSTRACT In Part One the composition of Book 45 of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita is studied and an attempt is made to trace portions of the book to a small number of principal sources. It is demonstrated that Livy used the work of the Greek historian Polybius for his account of Roman activities in the Hellenistic east and for Roman relations with the Hellenistic states. Livy's Latin sources in this book were the Sullan annalists Valerius Antias and Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, of whom Claudius may have been the more prominent. Livy used these late annalists for his account of events in Rome and the west, and for administrative details such as lists of magistrates.
    [Show full text]
  • War, Social Power, and the State in Central Italy (C. 900 – 343
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff Joshua Ryan Hall The Tyrrhenian Way of War: war, social power, and the state in Central Italy (c. 900 – 343 BC) PhD Ancient History 2016 Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................1 Preface..........................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................3 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................4 1.1 Thematic Introduction............................................................................................5 1.2 Archaeological Methodologies.............................................................................11 1.3 Historical Methodologies.....................................................................................14 1.4 Mann, IEMP, and Structure..................................................................................26 2. Arms, Armour, and Tactics....................................................................................31 2.1 Arms and Armour.................................................................................................32 2.2 Tactics...................................................................................................................54
    [Show full text]
  • Radikale Im Öffentlichen Dienst
    RADIKALE IM ÖFFENTLICHEN DIENST STATUS UND INDIVIDUALISIERUNG UNTER RÖMISCHEN PRIESTERN REPUBLIKANISCHER ZEIT Jörg Rüpke, Erfurt 1 EINFÜHRUNG Aus der Vielzahl normal erscheinender magistratischer und priesterlicher „Karrie- ren“ in der uns historisch zugänglichen römischen Republik des dritten bis ersten Jahrhunderts v. Chr. ragen einige Fälle heraus, die eine überraschende und oft isoliert bleibende Radikalisierung traditioneller Priesterrollen erkennen lassen. Ich möchte diese Fälle, die ich in einer früheren Arbeit als Belege für die „Flüssig- keit“ und Anpassungsfähigkeit von „Sakralrecht“ – einem aus genau diesem Grunde wenig geeigneten Begriff – benutzt habe,1 erneut kurz vorstellen, ergän- zen und auf zwei andere Dimensionen aufmerksam machen, die weitreichende Konsequenzen für unser Verständnis spätrepublikanischer Religion haben. Ausgangspunkt für die erneute Durchsicht des Materials ist ein Versäumnis, auf das R. Baudry in seiner soeben bei J.-M. David in Paris entstandenen Disserta- tion2 aufmerksam gemacht hat: Die Vernachlässigung des Faktors „Patriziat“ für die späte Republik. Während sich jene Arbeit ganz auf die magistratische Karriere konzentriert, seien hier die genannten Radikalisierungen bei Priestern, bei sacer- dotes publici unter dieser Status-Perspektive neu interpretiert. 2 NEUINTERPRETATIONEN VON PRIESTERROLLEN Die Ereignisse, die die Basis meiner Überlegungen bilden, lassen sich in drei Gruppen zusammenfassen. Der vor allem in monatlichen Routineritualen an den Iden und in einigen jähr- lich begangenen Kultakten tätige Flamen Dialis, aber auch die beiden anderen flamines maiores, nämlich der Flamen Martialis und der Flamen Quirinalis – je nach einem Gott (Iuppiter, Mars, Quirinus) benannt, aber nicht auf deren Kult beschränkt – unterlagen einer Fülle von Verhaltensvorschriften. In der antiquari- schen Überlieferung sind entsprechende Nachrichten auf den Flamen Dialis kon- 1 RÜPKE, Fasti sacerdotum, 1569–86 (im Folgenden mit FS = Fasti sacerdotum und Nummer der Biographie zitiert).
    [Show full text]
  • The Vestals – Women’S Empowerment
    Working Paper CEsA CSG 167/2018 ANCIENT ROMAN POLITICS THE VESTALS – WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT Maria SOUSA GALITO Abstract Vestals had political and religious power in ancient Rome. Their peaceful presence at the forum was one of the first attempts (if not the first) in favor of gender equality or women’s empowerment in the public sphere. Vestals were virgin priestesses of a goddess that protected the walls of Rome with her perpetual fire, which was pure and had no statue. Their rituals were based on legends such as Amata or Rhea Silvia that, regardless of being true or not, were religious and cultural references for people's lives and should not be neglected, because they contain information that explains why the State respected the vestals and punished them so severely. Keywords Vestals, Roman Antiquity, Politics, Religion. Sumário Na antiguidade romana, as vestais tinham poder político-religioso. A sua presença pacificadora, no fórum, foi uma das primeiras tentativas (se não a primeira) das mulheres alcançarem algum tipo de igualdade de género ou autoridade na cena pública. As vestais eram sacerdotisas virgens de uma deusa que protegia os muros de Roma com o seu fogo perpétuo, que era pura e não tinha estátua. Os seus rituais eram baseados em lendas, tais como de Amata ou de Reia Sílvia, que independentemente de terem existido ou não, eram referências religiosas e culturais. As suas histórias influenciavam a vida das pessoas e não devem ser negligenciadas, pois contêm informações que explicam as razões pelas quais o Estado respeitava tanto as vestais e as punia tão severamente.
    [Show full text]