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THE PONTIFICAL LAW of the ROMAN REPUBLIC by MICHAEL
THE PONTIFICAL LAW OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC by MICHAEL JOSEPH JOHNSON A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Classics written under the direct of T. Corey Brennan and approved by ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2007 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Pontifical Law of the Roman Republic by MICHAEL JOSEPH JOHNSON Dissertation Director: T. Corey Brennan This dissertation investigates the guiding principle of arguably the most important religious authority in ancient Rome, the pontifical college. Chapter One introduces the subject and discusses the hypothesis the dissertation will advance. Chapter Two examines the place of the college within Roman law and religion, giving particular attention to disproving several widely held notions about the relationship of the pontifical law to the civil and sacral law. Chapter Three offers the first detailed examination of the duties of the pontifical college as a collective body. I spend the bulk of the chapter analyzing two of the three collegiate duties I identify: the issuing of documents known as decrees and responses and the supervision of the Vestal Virgins. I analyze all decrees and responses from the point of view their content, treating first those that concern dedications, then those on the calendar, and finally those on vows. In doing so my goal is to understand the reasoning behind the decree and the major theological doctrines underpinning it. In documenting the pontifical supervision of Vestal Virgins I focus on the college's actions towards a Vestal accused of losing her chastity. -
The Eternal Fire of Vesta
2016 Ian McElroy All Rights Reserved THE ETERNAL FIRE OF VESTA Roman Cultural Identity and the Legitimacy of Augustus By Ian McElroy A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Classics Written under the direction of Dr. Serena Connolly And approved by ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Eternal Fire of Vesta: Roman Cultural Identity and the Legitimacy of Augustus By Ian McElroy Thesis Director: Dr. Serena Connolly Vesta and the Vestal Virgins represented the very core of Roman cultural identity, and Augustus positioned his public image beside them to augment his political legitimacy. Through analysis of material culture, historiography, and poetry that originated during the principate of Augustus, it becomes clear that each of these sources of evidence contributes to the public image projected by the leader whom Ronald Syme considered to be the first Roman emperor. The Ara Pacis Augustae and the Res Gestae Divi Augustae embody the legacy the Emperor wished to establish, and each of these cultural works contain significant references to the Vestal Virgins. The study of history Livy undertook also emphasized the pathetic plight of Rhea Silvia as she was compelled to become a Vestal. Livy and his contemporary Dionysius of Halicarnassus explored the foundation of the Vestal Order and each writer had his own explanation about how Numa founded it. The Roman poets Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and Tibullus incorporated Vesta and the Vestals into their work in a way that offers further proof of the way Augustus insinuated himself into the fabric of Roman cultural identity by associating his public image with these honored priestesses. -
75 AD NUMA POMPILIUS Legendary, 8Th-7Th Century B.C. Plutarch Translated by John Dryden
75 AD NUMA POMPILIUS Legendary, 8th-7th Century B.C. Plutarch translated by John Dryden Plutarch (46-120) - Greek biographer, historian, and philosopher, sometimes known as the encyclopaedist of antiquity. He is most renowned for his series of character studies, arranged mostly in pairs, known as “Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans” or “Parallel Lives.” Numa Pompilius (75 AD) - A study of the life of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king. NUMA POMPILIUS THOUGH the pedigrees of noble families of Rome go back in exact form as far as Numa Pompilius, yet there is great diversity amongst historians concerning the time in which he reigned; a certain writer called Clodius, in a book of his entitled Strictures on Chronology, avers that the ancient registers of Rome were lost when the city was sacked by the Gauls, and that those which are now extant were counterfeited, to flatter and serve the humour of some men who wished to have themselves derived from some ancient and noble lineage, though in reality with no claim to it. And though it be commonly reported that Numa was a scholar and a familiar acquaintance of Pythagoras, yet it is again contradicted by others, who affirm that he was acquainted with neither the Greek language nor learning, and that he was a person of that natural talent and ability as of himself to attain to virtue, or else that he found some barbarian instructor superior to Pythagoras. Some affirm, also, that Pythagoras was not contemporary with Numa, but lived at least five generations after him; and that some other Pythagoras, a native of Sparta, who, in the sixteenth Olympiad, in the third year of which Numa became king, won a prize at the Olympic race, might, in his travel through Italy, have gained acquaintance with Numa, and assisted him in the constitution of his kingdom; whence it comes that many Laconian laws and customs appear amongst the Roman institutions. -
Prudentius' Contra Symmachum, Book II Introduction, Translation and Commentary
Prudentius' Contra Symmachum, Book II Introduction, Translation and Commentary Michael Brown NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ------------------------- 201 29877 3 ---------------------------- A thesis submitted to the University of Newcastle upon Tyne for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts June 2003 Declaration I hereby certify that the work in this thesis is my own except where otherwise acknowledged, and has not been submitted previously at this or any other university. Michael Brown Abstract Prudentius' Contra Symmachum contains a refutation of Symmachus' plea for the retaining of the altar of Victory in the Senate house at Rome which had been removed in 357 and then, after its restoration, probably under Julian, was removed again in 382. Symmachus made a plea for its return in 384 in his Relatio 3. Ambrose wrote two letters (Ep. 17 and 18) urging the emperor to reject Symmachus plea. It is not certain whether the altar was ever returned to the Senate house. It was this debate with Symmachus which Prudentius sought to portray in verse. This he does in the second book of the poem which is the book to be considered here. The first book while mentioning Symmachus, is a routine attack on the pagan gods of Rome and an account of how paganism was overthrown by the emperor Theodosius resulting in Rome adopting Christianity. There has been much debate over whether the two books were conceived as a single composition. This issue is examined again and the conclusion is reached, by a study of the text, that, while Prudentius had it in mind to produce a work of anti-pagan polemic as part of his compendium covering various aspects of Christian life, the work was produced as a whole in 402. -
THE CAPITOLINE TRIAD in ROMAN DACIA Maria-Corina Nicolae* The
THE CAPITOLINE TRIAD IN ROMAN DACIA Maria-Corina Nicolae* Abstract: Jupiter was the central religious figure within the Roman Empire, especially as Optimus Maximus, who formed a triad together with Juno and Minerva. The worship of these deities was an official act which had the role of assuring the devotion towards the Empire and the Emperor. This circumstance is expressed by the standardization of the inscription formula, and also by the iconography of the three deities within the Capitoline Triad. Worshipping Jupiter, Juno and Minerva has less to do with personal religion, than with the religious policy of the Empire. Their presence in Roman Dacia is attested mainly through inscriptions, thus emphasizing the official character of the cult. Furthermore, the standardized iconography of the members of the Capitoline Triad sustains the hypothesis of political rather than personal religious options. Rezumat: Jupiter era figura centrală a panteonului Imperiului Roman, fiind adorat ca Optimus Maximus, formând o triadă împreună cu Iuno şi Minerva. Închinarea în faţa acestor divinităţi era un act oficial ce avea rolul de a asigura devotamentul atât faţă de statul roman, cât şi faţă de împărat. Această situaţie este exprimată de limbajul standardizat folosit în inscripţiile dedicate acestora, dar şi de iconografia celor trei divinităţi reprezentate în artă sub forma Triadei capitoline. Astfel, se observă că actul de devoţiune faţă de Jupiter, Iuno şi Minerva are de-a face mai puţin cu opţiunea personală, cât mai mult cu politica religioasă a Imperiului. Prezenţa acestora pe teritoriul Daciei este atestată mai ales prin intermediul inscripţiilor, subliniindu-se astfel caracterul oficial al cultului, în timp ce iconografia lor, profund standardizată, susţine ideea unor opţiuni mai degrabă politice decât personale. -
Politics and Priesthoods in Late Republican Rome
POLITICS AND PRIESTHOODS IN LATE REPUBLICAN ROME By Jonathon George David Rolfe A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand November 2015 Cover photo: The Roman Nuministic Gallery, ‘CAESAR DICT PERPETUO, silver denarius, ca. 44 BC (posthumous)’ from a private collection <http://www.romancoins.info/Imperatorial-caesar.HTML> Consulted on 12th October 2015. ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the influence of the two major priestly colleges in late republican Rome, the pontificate and the augurate, and aims to explain why membership was valued so highly by members of the Roman élite. Chapter one discusses the exclusive selection process for the priests and the aristocratic prerequisites for membership. In light of the changes to the way priests were selected, resulting from the lex Domitia in 104 BC, this chapter explores the extent to which these offices can be seen as either inherited family rights or political prizes granted through the support of powerful figures like Sulla or Caesar. The second and third chapters consider whether the pontiffs and augurs respectively had significant constitutional ‘hard powers’, comparing their influence to the central religious authority of magistrates and the senate. The collective influence of the pontifical college is examined in the second chapter by assessing their involvement in the decision to reverse the dedication of a shrine on the site of Cicero’s house in 57 BC. This discussion will also analyse the influence of the young individual pontiff, L. Pinarius Natta, who assisted the tribune Clodius at the dedication ceremony in 58 BC. -
Reconstructing Religion Augustus and the Fratres Arvales
Reconstructing Religion Augustus and the Fratres Arvales Sarah Limoges Department of History McGill University Montreal, Canada August 2010 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Sarah Limoges 2010 1 Abstracts The following thesis is an examination of the underlying reasons for the re‐establishment of the cult of the Arval Brothers under Augustus, the first Roman Emperor (31 BC‐AD14). It aims to prove that the re‐foundation of this archaic Roman cult fits within the parameters of Augustus’ religious, as well as political reforms after the victory at Actium in 31 BC. Moreover, it seeks to determine the reasons behind the choice of this particular cult. Although Augustus had significantly reduced the number of men in the Senate, there was still a bottleneck for the few major political offices available. Thus, he decided to give out priesthoods as thanks to his loyal supporters, and to reward those that had crossed over to his side. The members of the brotherhood in 21 BC are highly prominent men both militarily and politically, and this shows that Augustus wanted to solidify his support among the members of the aristocracy. La présente thèse est une examination des raisons sous‐jacentes du rétablissement du culte des Frères Arvales sous Auguste, le premier empereur Romain (31av. J.‐C.‐14 de notre ère). Elle propose de prouver que le rétablissement de ce culte romain archaïque s’accorde avec les paramètres des réformes politique et religieuse suivant la victoire à Actium en 31 av. J.‐C. -
La Regia, Le Rex Sacrorum Et La Res Publica Michel Humm
La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica Michel Humm To cite this version: Michel Humm. La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica. Archimède : archéologie et histoire ancienne, UMR7044 - Archimède, 2017, pp.129-154. halshs-01589194 HAL Id: halshs-01589194 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01589194 Submitted on 18 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARCHIMÈDE N°4 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2017 1 DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE 1 : NOMMER LES « ORIENTAUX » DANS L’ANTIQUITÉ DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE 2 : PRYTANÉE ET REGIA Michel HUMM 87 Introduction. Prytanée et Regia : demeures « royales » ou sanctuaires civiques ? Athènes, Rome et la « médiation » étrusque Patrick MARCHETTI 94 Les prytanées d’Athènes Dominique BRIQUEL 110 Les monuments de type Regia dans le monde étrusque, Murlo et Acquarossa Michel HUMM 129 La Regia, le rex sacrorum et la Res publica 155 ACTUALITÉ DE LA RECHERCHE : DYNAMIQUES HUMAINES ANCIENNES 216 VARIA 236 LA CHRONIQUE D’ARCHIMÈDE Retrouvez tous les articles de la revue ARCHIMÈDE sur http://archimede.unistra.fr/revue-archimede/ -
An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar
The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar W. Warde Fowler The Classical Review / Volume 30 / Issue 03 / May 1916, pp 68 - 71 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00010052, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00010052 How to cite this article: W. Warde Fowler (1916). An Unnoticed Trait in the Character of Julius Caesar. The Classical Review, 30, pp 68-71 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00010052 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 147.188.128.74 on 04 Jun 2015 68 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW AN UNNOTICED TRAIT IN THE CHARACTER OF JULIUS CAESAR. CAESAR did fewer foolish things than tried, but straightway condemned ; the most men with his opportunities have king appointed two duumviri to per- done; so far as we can judge from his form this duty, being unwilling, Livy own writings and the accounts of those says, to undertake such an ill-omened who knew him, a want of practical wis- job himself.4 A lex horrendi carminis dom was not one of his weak points. governed the procedure. The duum- But on one occasion, early in his viri were to pronounce sentence; against political life, he did what seems to us this sentence the condemned man a foolish thing, and one which no one might appeal to the people; if their has ever attempted to explain as a wise verdict went against him, ' caput obnu- one. -
Ancient Roman Munificence: the Development of the Practice and Law of Charity
Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 3-2004 Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity William H. Byrnes IV Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation William H. Byrnes IV, Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity, 57 Rutgers L. Rev. 1043 (2004). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/421 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANCIENT ROMAN MUNIFICENCE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE AND LAW OF CHARITY William H. Byrnes, IV* INTRODUCTION This article traces Roman charity from its incipient meager beginnings during Rome's infancy to the mature legal formula it assumed after intersecting with the Roman emperors and Christianity. During this evolution, charity went from being a haphazard and often accidental private event to a broad undertaking of public, religious, and legal commitment. To mention the obvious, Rome was the greatest and most influential empire in the ancient world. It lasted more than a thousand years, traditionally beginning in 753 B.C. as a kingdom under Romulus.' In 509 B.C. it became a republic with permanent tyranny beginning in 31 B.C. under direction of the immortal Julius Caesar.2 The exact date of the end of * Professor and Director, Walter H. -
Beyond Priesthood Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche Und Vorarbeiten
Beyond Priesthood Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten Herausgegeben von Jörg Rüpke und Christoph Uehlinger Band 66 Beyond Priesthood Religious Entrepreneurs and Innovators in the Roman Empire Edited by Richard L. Gordon, Georgia Petridou, and Jörg Rüpke ISBN 978-3-11-044701-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-044818-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-044764-4 ISSN 0939-2580 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com TableofContents Acknowledgements VII Bibliographical Note IX List of Illustrations XI Notes on the Contributors 1 Introduction 5 Part I: Innovation: Forms and Limits Jörg Rüpke and FedericoSantangelo Public priests and religious innovation in imperial Rome 15 Jan N. Bremmer Lucian on Peregrinus and Alexander of Abonuteichos: Asceptical viewoftwo religious entrepreneurs 49 Nicola Denzey Lewis Lived Religion amongsecond-century ‘Gnostic hieratic specialists’ 79 AnneMarie Luijendijk On and beyond -
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14