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lave Girls under the Early `Abbäsids: A study of the role of slave-women and courtesans in social and literary 'AbbAsid life in the first two centuries of the Caliphate, based on original sources by Nasser Saad al-Rasheed A dissertation presented for the degree of Ph. D to St. Andrews University, September 1971. de ý.1ý iý a, f" 4J J, ý"yam BEST COPY AVAILABLE Variable print quality MISSING PRINT PAGE NUMBERS CUT OFF IN ORIGINAL CERTIFICAT10N I CERTIFY THAT Nasser ýaad Al Rasheed has completed nine terms of research work in the United Co1le6e of St. Salvator and St. Leonard, University of St. Andrews, that he has fulfilled the conditions of (1967) Resolution No. 1 of the University Court, and that he is qualified to submit the accompanying thesis in application for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. J. Parry (Supervisor) 1)eclnr;: tion I hereby declnro that the following is a record of roso,? rch work cn.rried out by me; that the thesis is my own composition, and that it has not previously been presented for any other degree. ýýrl^cer;;. a1-IH<nshced. St. Andrews. 6-9-1971. I 'Vnhl. o of Trnnslitoration d b 1% t = t z th gh h f kh q 4j d k = J. dh 1 J r m a z = n s h = uar sh = ý. w = 9 s fatha damma + sräw =ü =a kasra fatha + ya = ay =i da father + wäw = au a =u fatha. + alif aa kasra + ya iy Acknowledgement I wish, to thank Dr. M. A. Ghul and Dr. J. Burton, head of the. Arabio Department at St. Androws, 'for many useful suggostions. bey sincere thanks are due to Dr. J. R. Perry for his supervision and his assistance in relation to linguistic problems. To Dr. D. E. P. Jackson I owe an acknowledgement for taking pains in reading a part of this thesis and making some useful observations. Finally, I should like. to extend my thanks to the staff of the library of St. Andrews University for their kind-co-operation and help. a "I'Jln (iontoiitn Palo Introduction iii The Sources 1. Slavery in Islam: 18 a) Slavery among ancient nations. 18 b) Slavery among the pro-Islamic Arabs. 24 c), Slavery in Islam. 29 d) Treatment of slaves. 36 o) Legal position. 45 f) Social. position 50 and occupations of slaves. 2. Provenance of slave-girls: 73 a) Their origins. 73 b) Markets for slave-dealing. 82 c) 'Their numbers. 83 d) Prices of slave-girls. 86 e) Their characteristics. 89 3. Dealers and the treininr! of slave- irls: 96 a) Dealers' devices (1iiyal a.1-Nakhkhasin). 96 b) The N khkh-sün and the activities in their houses. 107 'c) professional training of slave-girls. 116 4. The eccomnlishments of slave-girls "in singing: 142 a) Prevalence of singing in the CAbbi.sid period. 142 b) Schools of singing. 148 c) Patronage of singing. 150 d) 1'lltllllf; (got Ll1f"ßllf 159 'jl'nm I; " o) Upponition to singing. 162 f) Traditions of 'singing. 169 g) Musical instruments and the Ntylo of the song. 170 li) Slave-girls and singing. 174 5. The literary role; 207 a), The ability of slave-girls to encourage the talent. 212 b) Importance of ;poetry for slave-girls. 222 c) Contribution of slave-girls to poetry. 223 d) Capping poetry (i aza). 235 e) Literary prose of slave-girls. 244 6. The social role of slave-girls: 249 a) Their position. 249 b) Umm al-Walad. 256 c) Social innovations and customs of slavo-girls. 260 d) The fashions of slave-girls. 275 o) al-izhulr mi Trt. 278 f) Reaction against slave-girls. 283 The effect of slave-girls on free women. 286 Biblio : 300 Original sources. 300 b) Secondary sources. 313 1..t. t . Introduction For a long time the study of 'Abbasid society has had a special fascination for mo, not only because it was "The Golden Age" of the Islamic civilization, but also because it witnessed changes in both literary and social life. Naturally, such changes were a result of a mixture of various nations and an intermarriage of different civilizations. From reading certain books which deal with social and literary aspects of that society, I have been struck by the idea that the numerous slave-girls might have participated in one way or another in such changes. This would not be surprising, since slave-girls in other societies played social and literary roles. It might be seen as conceivable that slave-girls, through their clothes, their social novelties, their fondness for poetry and above all their emergence in the households, influenced the man of that society, his way of'lifo and then his poetical production. I have thus decided to work on. the study of this subject, endeavouring to find out how far slave-girls of the LAbbäsid period played their social and literary roles. I hope this work interested in will stand as a useful contribution to serve those such a study. For the purpose of brevity and in view of the fact that I have the 'Abbäsid period covered several centuries, tried to confine this work exclusively to the so-called first 'Abbäsid Iv ( 0,1111 to, 749 A. D. to that poriod Cron, rsl : ºn t't'rils'rs )hn , of al- 1"lutawoldcil, 847), but at the camp time I have referred to incidents which took place outside this periods when Vic roforonco was nocossary. Ilowovor, two difficult things may be expected to confront anybody trying to study such a subjects. 1. The approach to this subject is narrative. The majority of the available information is acquired in the form of stories and tales, some of doubtful authenticity. In this case, it is necessary to throw an adequate critical light on such information, an art which requires knowing how widespread and accepted the stories about slavo-girls were. This art also requires reading the same information recorded in various books and told by different narrators. Again, a difficult task would arise from the fact that most of these stories were copied or borrowed from al-Aghani, even if they were available in other books. In this position, one has to rely upon familiarity with the uncertain nature of the stories and tales told by relators. 2. A great doal of information about slave-girls is subject their to exaggeration. This is so not only in the case of poetical their talents, but also of their numbers, their prices and musical has been dealt through- achievements. Such an exaggeration with out my work. It seems that discussion of slave-girls in the 'Abbasid period was customary and appreciated, not only among ordinary people in order to entertain themselves but also in the courts of V the caliphs. The caliph usually used to select his associates und hic boon companions among thoco with an adequate knowledge of (nkhbär). literature, history and stories Al-AsmaLI, Ish3q al- e0 II sill and Hammäd were among thomq and all found favour with several caliphs. The caliph, having his palace crowded with slave-girls; would be pleased when he retired to his private life to listen to stories and tales woven about slavo-girls. The caliph al-Mahd-1 was renotmed for his fondness for listening to such stories, and his vizier Yatqüb ibn Däwü.d used to provide him l with them. It appears that certain story tellers took to the inventing profession of stories about various subjects and spreading them. Among the most attractive subjects was, undoubtedly, slave-girls. For example, al-Asma'i, like other " 2 story tellers , was popular inside and outside the court. The caliph wanted him to entertain him with stories, and the public wanted to hoar them, and he himself wanted to make coney out of thorn and find favour with the caliph. Slave-girls represented an endless source for him to extract his stories from. In order to have his pocket full of the caliph's dinärs on one hand, he told him stories about the public's slave-girls and in order to establish his popularity on the other, he told the public stories about slave-girls of the palaces. 67. 1. Ibn al-t. thir, a1-Ký. mi1, v, p. 2. al-, Tarräh, al-Warana, p. 30. V 'Plio nin(or, nttornpting to provido nuitablo atmoophoro for his song, might toll a curious story, as for instance that he had borrowed his song from a slave-girl, adding more details in describing her and praising her talent and ability. The singer Ibn J7[miL told how he learned a particular song, which won the appreciation of his listenors, among whom was al-Rashid, from a 1 little pale slave-girl in al-MedIna. Ibrähim al Müsili told al-Rashid about his musical adventures with three slave-girls and how ho used to disguise himself when he went to them.
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  • The Sermons of 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib

    The Sermons of 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib

    ANUARIO DE ESTUDIOS MEDIEVALES 42/1, enero-junio de 2012, pp. 201-228 ISSN 0066-5061 doi:10.3989/aem.2012.42.1.10 THE SERMONS OF ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB: AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE CORE ISLAMIC TEACHINGS OF THE QUR’AN AND THE ORAL, NATURE-BASED CULTURAL ETHOS OF SEVENTH CENTURY ARABIA1 LOS SERMONES DE ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB: EN LA CONFLUENCIA ENTRE LAS ENSEÑANZAS ISLÁMICAS DEL CORÁN Y LA ÉTICA CULTURAL BASADA EN LAS TRADICIONES ORALES SOBRE LA NATURALEZA DE LA ARABIA DEL SIGLO VII TAHERA QUTBUDDIN The University of Chicago Abstract: Sermons attributed to ‘Ali ibn Resumen: Los sermones atribuidos a ‘Ali Abi Talib (c. 600-661, fi rst Shi‘a imam ibn Abi Talib (c. 600-661, primer imam and fourth Sunni caliph) promoted core chií y cuarto califa suní) fomentaron las Qur’anic doctrine and ethics through an doctrinas y la ética coránicas fundacio- aesthetic steeped in the oral, nature-based, nales mediante una estética oratoria, im- poetic culture of seventh-century Arabia. buida de la cultura poética oral basada en Using traditional Arabian metaphors of metáforas de la naturaleza, característica camels, watering holes, and pithy, rhyth- de la Arabia del siglo VII. ‘Ali utilizaba mic, orality-grounded cadences, ‘Ali metáforas tradicionales de camellos y urged his audience to worship the One abrevaderos, junto con expresiones rít- God, follow the guidance of His prophet micas y lacónicas llenas de cadencias de Muhammad, shun worldliness, perform la oralidad, para instar a los oyentes a good deeds, and prepare for the imminent adorar al Dios único, seguir la dirección hereafter.
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) [Review of: W. Werkmeister (1983) Quellenuntersuchungen zum Kitab al-'Igd al- farid des Andalusiers Ibn 'Abdrabbih (246/869-328/940): ein beitrag zur Arabischen literaturgeschichte] Schippers, A. Publication date 1985 Document Version Final published version Published in Bibliotheca Orientalis Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Schippers, A. (1985). [Review of: W. Werkmeister (1983) Quellenuntersuchungen zum Kitab al-'Igd al-farid des Andalusiers Ibn 'Abdrabbih (246/869-328/940): ein beitrag zur Arabischen literaturgeschichte]. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 42, 727-732. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:05 Oct 2021 727 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS XLII N" 5/6, September-November 1985 728 Walter WERKMEISTER, Quellenuntersuchungen zirni the Prophet's Companions and their direct successors.
  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow At

    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow At

    on fellow ous L g ulletinH e Volume No. A Newsletter of the Friends of the Longfellow House and the National Park Service December pecial nniversary ssue House SelectedB As Part of Underground Railroad Network to Freedom S Henry WadsworthA LongfellowI he Longfellow National Historic Site apply for grants dedicated to Underground Turns 200 Thas been awarded status as a research Railroad preservation and research. ebruary , , marks the th facility with the Na- This new national Fanniversary of the birth of America’s tional Park Service’s Network also seeks first renowned poet, Henry Wadsworth Underground Railroad to foster communi- Longfellow. Throughout the coming year, Network to Freedom cation between re- Longfellow NHS, Harvard University, (NTF) program. This searchers and inter- Mount Auburn Cemetery, and the Maine program serves to coor- ested parties, and to Historical Society will collaborate on dinate preservation and help develop state- exhibits and events to observe the occa- education efforts na- wide organizations sion. (See related articles on page .) tionwide and link a for preserving and On February the Longfellow House multitude of historic sites, museums, and researching Underground Railroad sites. and Mount Auburn Cemetery will hold interpretive programs connected to various Robert Fudge, the Chief of Interpreta- their annual birthday celebration, for the facets of the Underground Railroad. tion and Education for the Northeast first time with the theme of Henry Long- This honor will allow the LNHS to dis- Region of the NPS, announced the selec- fellow’s connections to abolitionism. Both play the Network sign with its logo, receive tion of the Longfellow NHS for the Un- historic places will announce their new technical assistance, and participate in pro- derground Railroad Network to Freedom status as part of the NTF.
  • BOOKS" to 9840398093

    BOOKS" to 9840398093

    PRICE OF THIS BOOK is Rs.350 PDF COPY IS Rs.200 For Details, Whatsapp "BOOKS" to 9840398093 RADIAN IAS ACADEMY (CHENNAI - 9840400825 MADURAI - 9840398093) www.radianiasacademy.org -3- PART-C 9. Match the following Folk Arts with the Indian AUTHORS AND THEIR LITERARY WORKS State / Country 10. Match the Author with the Relevant 1.Match the Poems with the Poets Title/Character A Psalm of Life - Be the Best - The cry of the children - 11. Match the Characters with Relevant Story Title The Piano – Manliness Going for water – Earth -The Apology - Be Glad your Nose is on your face - The The Selfish Giant - How the camel got its hump - The Lottery ticket - The Last Leaf - Two friends – Refugee - Flying Wonder -Is Life But a Dream - Be the Best - O Open window – Reflowering - The Necklace Holiday captain My Captain - Snake - Punishment in Kindergarten -Where the Mind is Without fear - The Man 12. About the Poets Rabindranath Tagore - Henry Wordsworth Longfellow - He Killed - Nine Gold Medals Anne Louisa Walker -V K Gokak - Walt Whitman - 2.Which Nationality the story belongs to? Douglas Malloch The selfish Giant - The Lottery Ticket - The Last Leaf - How the Camel got its Hump - Two Friends – Refugee - 13. About the Dramatists William Shakespeare - Thomas Hardy The Open Window 14. Mention the Poem in which these lines occur 3.Identify the Author with the short story The selfish Giant - The Lottery Ticket - The Last Leaf - Granny, Granny, please comb My Hair - With a friend - To cook and Eat - To India – My Native Land - A tiger in How the Camel got its Hump - Two Friends – Refugee - the Zoo - No men are foreign – Laugh and be Merry – The Open Window - A Man who Had no Eyes - The The Apology - The Flying Wonder Tears of the Desert – Sam The Piano - The face of 15.
  • Ethics and Aesthetics in H Ad嚽th Literature and Classical Arabic Adab

    Ethics and Aesthetics in H Ad嚽th Literature and Classical Arabic Adab

    Bulletin of SOAS, 70, 3 32007), 459±486. E School of Oriental and African Studies. Printed in the United Kingdom. Man's ``Hollow Core'': ethics and aesthetics in HadõÅth literature and classical Arabic adab* Ç Stefan Sperl School of Oriental and African Studies [email protected] Abstract Classical Arabic HadõÅth literature is largely composed of micro- narratives recordingÇ the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad. This study seeks to examine their literary form by focusingÇ on selected examples listed in the canonical HadõÅth compendia under the heading of adab, a term which may be renderedÇ here as ``practical ethics'' but which is also commonly used to designate classical Arabic belles-lettres. While the latter is a type of literature quite distinct from the literature of HadõÅth the texts here studied point to a certain interface betweenÇ them. The ethical dimension of adab as it appears in HadõÅth is examined further in the light of Haydon White's theory onÇ the relation between narrativity and law. Contrasting the micro-narrative of HadõÅth with the ``macro- narrative'' of the epic provides further insightÇ into its approach to adab and serves to highlight its distinct literary and religious aesthetic. Works of classical Arabic prose often consist of brief statements and tales narrated by transmitters and covering a range of topics for the purpose of generating the composite image of a history, a personality or an idea. This style of writing, in which the author's acclaimed function is primarily that of editor and compiler, is