Subject Index

Adriatic Sea, 32, 303, 366, 373, 390–391, Asia, 10, 71, 90, 96, 162, 182, 243, 259, 429, 515, 518, 530 260, 271, 282, 303, 306, 312, 341, 343, aerial surveillance, 368 473–474 Africa, 82, 105, 243, 302, 341, 391, 397 Asia–Pacific Partnership on Clean Devel- Alaska, 156, 238, 285, 306, 311, 318, 320 opment and Climate, 182–183 Albania, 267, 390, 508, 512 Atlantic Ocean, 23, 28, 30, 67, 82, 103– albatross, 248–256, 259–261 105, 114, 122, 124–125, 138, 140, 149, Albatross Task Force, 259–260 151, 226, 268, 281, 285, 294, 302, 307, Alboran Sea, 518 318, 338, 341, 355, 390, 391, 395, 402, Algeria, 515, 522 426, 429, 460, 496 American Meteorological Society, 43, 44 Atlantic salmon, 301 Antarctic, 24, 26, 48, 81, 83, 105–106, Australia, 168, 173, 178, 180, 182, 184, 145, 147, 151–154, 161–162, 238, 332– 235–239, 244, 256, 338–339, 381, 398, 335, 375–376 453 Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 152 Austria, 166, 397 Antarctic Convergence, 106, 152 Automatic Identification System, 319, 364, Antarctic Peninsula, 153 490, 513 Antarctic Treaty System, 106 Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, 45, 51, Anthropocene, 3–7, 19, 21, 24–25, 27, 33– 61 35, 37, 52, 54–55 Azov Sea, 474 Anthropocene Working Group, 4, 33 Apollo 17,75 Baffin Bay, 149, 151 aquaculture, 10, 83–86, 243, 294–297, Bahamas, 288, 458 300–301, 303–304, 396, 403, 414–415, ballast water, 10, 12, 90, 268, 271, 281, 459, 523, 525 290, 292, 294–295, 297–299, 301–304, archipelagic state, 189–192 314, 319, 326–327, 330, 334, 336–337, archipelagic waters, 59 340, 343, 366, 371–383, 385–392, 475, Arctic, 9, 12, 28, 34, 56, 76, 81, 92, 105, 477, 479, 483, 491, 494, 516, 523 147–153, 155–163, 305–320, 334–335, exchange, 302, 330, 336, 340, 373, 500, 504–505 375–376, 381–382, 385–387, 389– Arctic Council, 161, 306, 309–310, 320 392, 475, 483 Arctic ice sheet, 12, 154 exchange area, 386–388 Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment, 309– exchange standard, 302, 381, 385 320 management, 90, 302–304, 327, 366, Arctic Ocean, 147–151, 156, 158–162, 372, 374–377, 381, 383, 385, 388, 305–307, 309–315, 317–320, 500 390, 494, 523 Argentina, 104, 250, 256, 259 management certificate, 375–376, 378– Argo Project, 45, 61 379 540 Subject Index

performance standard, 373, 376, 382 California Current, 134, 137 record book, 375–376, 378 Cambodia, 267 Baltic and International Maritime Council, Canada, 45, 82, 120, 148, 156, 158, 160, 266 178, 180, 182, 184, 256, 306, 310–311, Baltic Dry Index, 267 317, 367, 398 Baltic Marine Environment Protection Cancun Agreement (2010), 165, 168, 176, Commission (Helsinki Commission), 183 (see also climate regime) 105, 302, 390–392, 429, 488–490, 494 Cantabrian Sea, 448–449 Baltic Sea, 14, 32, 56, 105, 124, 250, 268, carbon dioxide, 8, 19, 24, 26–27, 29–32, 279, 281, 294, 296, 302, 333–334, 339, 34, 37–38, 46, 52, 101, 150, 166, 180, 355, 364–366, 368, 373, 390, 426, 429, 222, 226, 269, 503 435, 445, 449, 474, 476, 487–490, 494– Ceara Rise, 23 496, 499, 501, 514, 518 Celtic Sea, 448 Bangladesh, 194, 271 Census of Marine Life, 48, 101, 229 Barcelona Convention System, 507–508, Challenger (expedition), 20 510–511, 513, 517, 519, 521–522, 527, Chatham House, 114 530 Chesapeake Bay, 32 Barents Sea, 137, 139–140, 143, 149–150, Chile, 136, 239–244, 256, 259 158, 228, 307, 311, 314, 320 China, 83–84, 90, 160, 172, 174, 181–184, baselines, 20–21, 25, 40, 102, 186, 188– 186, 228, 241, 243–244, 307, 312, 320 192, 194–200, 203, 205, 291, 310, 381, China National Petroleum Company, 307 411, 427, 468 Chinese Taipei/Taiwan, 213–214, 244 Bay of Biscay, 138, 449 Clean Development Mechanism, 167, 174 Beaufort Sea, 149, 158 CleanSeaNet, 368 Belize, 239, 241 climate change, 8–9, 15, 26, 29, 33, 37, 39, Beluga, 307 45–46, 55–56, 68, 72, 76, 86, 97, 101, Benguela Current, 138 133, 142, 144–149, 151–152, 157, 160, Bering Sea, 228 165–167, 170–171, 176, 181, 183–184, Bering Strait,149,156,158,314 187–188, 222, 224, 226–227, 231–232, biodiversity, 9, 13, 33, 38, 49, 51, 68, 72, 269, 304, 312, 435, 455, 493, 500, 524, 74, 76, 104, 106–108, 110, 118–120, 526 124, 127, 129–130, 225–226, 230–231, climate regime, 9, 165–167, 169–171, 371, 373, 428, 435, 459, 463, 467, 475, 175–176, 184 483–484, 488–489, 521, 523 coastal state, 6, 11, 56, 58–61, 68, 102– bioprospecting, 4, 59, 95, 106 103, 106, 110, 121, 123, 160, 188–200, Bird Island, 249 202–203, 205, 234–235, 244–245, 274, BirdLife International, 247, 251–254, 257– 276–277, 284, 311, 332, 346–348, 350– 258, 261 354, 357, 361, 387, 390, 445, 465, 471, Black Sea, 14, 105, 124, 270, 281, 333, 473–474, 478, 480, 485, 487, 489–490, 341–343, 355, 429, 435, 460, 473–484, 493–495, 497–500, 512, 515, 530 486, 488, 490–491, 493–494 Cold War, 73, 156, 473, 477, 487 Bluefin Tuna Statistical Document cold–water corals, 100, 107, 119 (ICCAT), 214 Colombia, 241–242, 244, 338 bottom–fishing, 107, 225, 228, 231, 240, Commission for the Conservation of Ant- 414 arctic Marine Living Resources, 48, bottom–trawling, 10, 106, 129, 240 103–104, 106, 114, 125, 152, 218, 228, Braer,268 251–252, 255, 258 Brazil, 181, 256, 259–260 Commission for the Conservation of the bycatch, 11, 86, 113, 227, 247, 249, 251– Southern Bluefin Tuna, 103, 216–217, 261, 450, 453–454, 456 235–237, 243, 254