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F!L3ljnew CITATIONS in COASTAL TOPICS • a
·/f1!f!!II:. f!l3lJNEW CITATIONS IN COASTAL TOPICS • A ., Addis, R.P.; Garstand, M., and Emmitt, G.D., J9R4. Downdrafts from tropical oceanic cumuli. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 28(1-2).23-49. Admiraal, W.; Laane, R.W.P.M., and Peletier, H., 1984. Participation of diotoms in the amino-acid cycle of coastal waters uptake and excretion in cultures. Marine Ecology - Prowess Sf-ries. I ~(:1I. :lO:1-306. Ahmed, 8.T.; King, 8. L., and Clayton, J.R., 1984. Organic-mattler diagenesis in the anoxic sediments of Saanich Inlet. British Columbia. Canada - a case for highly evolved community interactions. Marine Chemistry. 14(3),233-252 Ajebouri, M.M. and Trollope, D.H., 1984. Indicator hacte'ia in fresh water and marine moUusks. HydrobioloRY, 111 (2), 9:l-1 02. Alam, M.; Piper, D.J.W., and Cooke, H.B.8., 198:\. Late Quaternarv stratigraphy and paleooceanography of the Crand Banks continental margin, eastern Canada. Boreas. \2(41. 25:1-2GI AIdabas, M.A.; Hybbard, F.H. , and McManus, J., 1984. The shell of Mytilus as an indicator of zonal variations of water quality within an estuary. Estuarine. Coastal and SI"'lf Science. I H(:ll. 2G:I-270. Allen, D.M., 1984. Population dynamics of the mysid shrimp Mysidop.,i., bili,-loll'i Tattersall. W.M. in a tern perate estuary. Jour nal of Crustacean Biology_ 4( 1).25':14 Allen, L.G. and Demartin, E.E., 198:\. Temporal and spatial patterns of nearshore distribution and abundance of the pelagic fishes off San Onofre Oceanside. Califol1lia. Fishery Rulll·tin, RI(:11. -
1 We Thank the Referees for Their Careful Review
We thank the referees for their careful review and thoughtful comments. Below please see our point-by-point responses and changes made to the manuscript. Referee report #1 Thank you for responding to my comments. It is now clearer what is going on, but some additional enhancements are desirable. You need to state clearly in the abstract and probably in the manuscript as well that you are using pre-industrial conditions to examine sea-ice generated Antarctic precipitation variability in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. This should appear explicitly in the first sentence of the abstract, I think, rather than being implicit here and throughout the manuscript. I am recommending minor revisions, but think that this is a very important aspect to address comprehensively to make the intent and methodology of your extensive work obvious to the reader. Done as suggested. Now the first sentence of the abstract reads “We conduct sensitivity experiments using a general circulation model that has an explicit water source tagging capability forced by prescribed composites of pre-industrial sea ice concentrations (SIC) and corresponding sea surface temperatures (SST) to understand the impact of sea ice anomalies on regional evaporation, moisture transport, and source–receptor relationships for Antarctic precipitation in the absence of anthropogenic forcing.” A similar statement is also made in the summary paragraph of the Introduction section: “In this study, we aim to understand the impact of SO sea ice anomalies associated with internal variability (in the absence of anthropogenic forcing) on local evaporation, moisture transport and source–receptor relationships for moisture and precipitation over Antarctica using a GCM that has an explicit water source tagging capability.” Section 3.2: You attribute southerly katabatic flow to the polar high. -
Data Structure
Data structure – Water The aim of this document is to provide a short and clear description of parameters (data items) that are to be reported in the data collection forms of the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) data collection campaigns 2013–2014. The data itself should be reported by means of MS Excel sheets as suggested in the document UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31, chapter 2.3, p. 22. Aggregated data can also be reported via on-line forms available in the GMP data warehouse (GMP DWH). Structure of the database and associated code lists are based on following documents, recommendations and expert opinions as adopted by the Stockholm Convention COP6 in 2013: · Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31 (version January 2013) · Conclusions of the Meeting of the Global Coordination Group and Regional Organization Groups for the Global Monitoring Plan for POPs, held in Geneva, 10–12 October 2012 · Conclusions of the Meeting of the expert group on data handling under the global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants, held in Brno, Czech Republic, 13-15 June 2012 The individual reported data component is inserted as: · free text or number (e.g. Site name, Monitoring programme, Value) · a defined item selected from a particular code list (e.g., Country, Chemical – group, Sampling). All code lists (i.e., allowed values for individual parameters) are enclosed in this document, either in a particular section (e.g., Region, Method) or listed separately in the annexes below (Country, Chemical – group, Parameter) for your reference. -
Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole. -
THE DEVELOPMENT of MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY IBASINS AROUND the MARGINS of the NORTH ATLANTIC and THEIR HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL D.G. Masson and P.R
INTERNAL DOCUMENT IIL THE DEVELOPMENT OF MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY IBASINS AROUND THE MARGINS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND THEIR HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL D.G. Masson and P.R. Miles Internal Document No. 195 December 1983 [This document should not be cited in a published bibliography, and is supplied for the use of the recipient only]. iimsTit\jte of \ OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES % INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES Wormley, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5UB (042-879-4141) (Director: Dr. A. S. Laughton, FRS) Bidston Observatory, Crossway, Birkenhead, Taunton, Mersey side L43 7RA Somerset TA1 2DW (051-653-8633) (0823-86211) (Assistant Director: Dr. D. E. Cartwright) (Assistant Director: M.J. Tucker) THE DEVELOPMENT OF MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASINS AROUND THE MARGINS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND THEIR HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL D.G. Masson and P.R. Miles Internal Document No. 195 December 1983 Work carried out under contract to the Department of Energy This document should not be cited in a published bibliography except as 'personal communication', and is supplied for the use of the recipient only. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Brook Road, Wormley, Surrey GU8 SUB ABSTRACT The distribution of Mesozoic basins around the margins of the North Atlantic has been summarised, and is discussed in terms of a new earliest Cretaceous palaeogeographic reconstruction for the North Atlantic area. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rift basins of Iberia, offshore eastern Canada and the continental shelf of western Europe are seen to be the fragments of a formerly coherent NE trending rift system which probably formed as a result of tensional stress between Europe, Africa and North America. The separation of Europe, North America and Iberia was preceded by a Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rifting phase which is clearly distinct from the earlier Mesozoic rifting episode and was little influenced by it. -
Validation of Reanalysis Southern Ocean Atmosphere Trends Using Sea Ice Data
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14757–14768, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14757-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Validation of reanalysis Southern Ocean atmosphere trends using sea ice data William R. Hobbs1,3,5, Andrew R. Klekociuk2,3, and Yuhang Pan4 1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia 2Antarctica and the Global System Program, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia 3Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia 4School of Earth Sciences, McCoy Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia 5ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Correspondence: William R. Hobbs ([email protected]) Received: 11 June 2020 – Discussion started: 29 July 2020 Revised: 5 October 2020 – Accepted: 23 October 2020 – Published: 2 December 2020 Abstract. Reanalysis products are an invaluable tool for rep- ing of West Antarctic ice shelves (Lenaerts et al., 2017; Paolo resenting variability and long-term trends in regions with et al., 2018; Dotto et al., 2019), with implications for global limited in situ data, and especially the Antarctic. A compar- barystatic sea level rise (Dupont and Alley, 2005; Pritchard ison of eight different reanalysis products shows large dif- et al., 2012; Paolo et al., 2015), and polar winds are clearly ferences in sea level pressure and surface air temperature related to observed Antarctic sea ice trends (Holland and trends over the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with implica- Kwok, 2012). -
Zeszyt 10. Morza I Oceany
Uwaga: Niniejsza publikacja została opracowana według stanu na 2008 rok i nie jest aktualizowana. Zamieszczony na stronie internetowej Komisji Standaryzacji Nazw Geograficznych poza Granica- mi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej plik PDF jest jedynie zapisem cyfrowym wydrukowanej publikacji. Wykaz zalecanych przez Komisję polskich nazw geograficznych świata (Urzędowy wykaz polskich nazw geograficznych świata), wraz z aktualizowaną na bieżąco listą zmian w tym wykazie, zamieszczo- ny jest na stronie internetowej pod adresem: http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/wpngs.php. KOMISJA STANDARYZACJI NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH POZA GRANICAMI RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ przy Głównym Geodecie Kraju NAZEWNICTWO GEOGRAFICZNE ŚWIATA Zeszyt 10 Morza i oceany GŁÓWNY URZĄD GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII Warszawa 2008 KOMISJA STANDARYZACJI NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH POZA GRANICAMI RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ przy Głównym Geodecie Kraju Waldemar Rudnicki (przewodniczący), Andrzej Markowski (zastępca przewodniczącego), Maciej Zych (zastępca przewodniczącego), Katarzyna Przyszewska (sekretarz); członkowie: Stanisław Alexandrowicz, Andrzej Czerny, Janusz Danecki, Janusz Gołaski, Romuald Huszcza, Sabina Kacieszczenko, Dariusz Kalisiewicz, Artur Karp, Zbigniew Obidowski, Jerzy Ostrowski, Jarosław Pietrow, Jerzy Pietruszka, Andrzej Pisowicz, Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska, Bogusław R. Zagórski Opracowanie Kazimierz Furmańczyk Recenzent Maciej Zych Komitet Redakcyjny Andrzej Czerny, Joanna Januszek, Sabina Kacieszczenko, Dariusz Kalisiewicz, Jerzy Ostrowski, Waldemar Rudnicki, Maciej Zych Redaktor prowadzący Maciej -
2.5.2. Alternative Construction Sites in Other Antarctic Areas
Draft Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation 2.5.2. Alternative construction sites in other Antarctic areas Other BAS placement options in other Antarctic regions were further analised, taking into consideration scientific, environmental, logistic and other aspects. However, no alternative site for BAS placement was reported to meet all the criteria to a greater extent than that at Mount Vechernyaya location selected. 2.5.3. Zero alternative (no construction) As a zero alternative option, renovation and continuation of use of the Mount Vechernyaya field base infrastructure was subject to analysis. However, continued use of the residential premises and other RAE field base infrastructure turns out to become increasingly problematic due to their deterioration and incompliance to the Antarctic environmental protection requirements. Therefore, the zero alternative option seems to be only a temporary postponement of own station construction. Unavailability of existing facilities hampers substantially the development of scientific research, increasing the number of staff involved in BAE, making the field season longer and thus jeopardising the proper implementation of the National Program in its entirety. The up-to-date station construction would benefit to friendlier environment for living and working of polar explorers and contribute to reduced impact on the environment. Research Station at Mount Vechernyaya 39 Draft Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation 3. Initial Environmental Evaluation 3.1. General geographic description and relief The natural complex known as Mount Vechernyaya is located at the western part of Enderby Land, Tala Hills (eastern part), at the coastal area of the Alasheeva Gulf, Cosmonaut Sea. It incorporates a series of rocky ridges with a dominant mountain, the Mount Vecherniaya (272.0 m), and several lower ridges, breaking through the Antarctic ice sheet on the Cosmonauts Sea shore. -
Multidecadal Warming and Density Loss in the Deep Weddell Sea, Antarctica
15 NOVEMBER 2020 S T R A S S E T A L . 9863 Multidecadal Warming and Density Loss in the Deep Weddell Sea, Antarctica VOLKER H. STRASS,GERD ROHARDT,TORSTEN KANZOW,MARIO HOPPEMA, AND OLAF BOEBEL Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fur€ Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany (Manuscript received 16 April 2020, in final form 10 August 2020) ABSTRACT: The World Ocean is estimated to store more than 90% of the excess energy resulting from man-made greenhouse gas–driven radiative forcing as heat. Uncertainties of this estimate are related to undersampling of the subpolar and polar regions and of the depths below 2000 m. Here we present measurements from the Weddell Sea that cover the whole water column down to the sea floor, taken by the same accurate method at locations revisited every few years since 1989. Our results show widespread warming with similar long-term temperature trends below 700-m depth at all sampling sites. The mean heating rate below 2000 m exceeds that of the global ocean by a factor of about 5. Salinity tends to increase—in contrast to other Southern Ocean regions—at most sites and depths below 700 m, but nowhere strongly enough to fully compensate for the warming effect on seawater density, which hence shows a general decrease. In the top 700 m neither temperature nor salinity shows clear trends. A closer look at the vertical distribution of changes along an ap- proximately zonal and a meridional section across the Weddell Gyre reveals that the strongest vertically coherent warming is observed at the flanks of the gyre over the deep continental slopes and at its northern edge where the gyre connects to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Baffin Bay / Davis Strait Region
ADAPTATION ACTIONS FOR A CHANGING ARCTIC BAFFIN BAY / DAVIS STRAIT REGION OVERVIEW REPORT The following is a short Describing the BBDS region description of what can be The BBDS region includes parts of Nunavut, which is a found in this overview report territory in Canada and the western part of Greenland, an and the underlying AACA science autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark. These two report for the Baffin Bay/Davis land areas are separated by the Baffin Bay to the north and Davis Strait to the south. The report describes the Strait (BBDS) region. entire region including the significant differences that are found within the region; in the natural environment and in political, social and socioeconomic aspects. Climate change in the BBDS This section describes future climate conditions in the BBDS region based on multi-model assessments for the region. It describes what can be expected of temperature rise, future precipitation, wind speed, snow cover, ice sheets and lake ice formations. Further it describes expected sea-surface temperatures, changing sea-levels and projections for permafrost thawing. 2 Martin Fortier / ArcticNet. Community of Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada Nunavut, of Community Iqaluit, ArcticNet. / Fortier Martin Socio-economic conditions Laying the foundations This section gives an overview of socio-economic for adaptation conditions in the BBDS region including the economy, The report contain a wealth of material to assist decision- demographic trends, the urbanization and the makers to develop tools and strategies to adapt to future infrastructure in the region. The report shows that the changes. This section lists a number of overarching Greenland and the Canadian side of the region have informative and action-oriented elements for adaptation diff erent socio-economic starting points about how and the science report gives more detailed information. -
The Arctic Observing Network: Sustained Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway
The Arctic Observing Network: Sustained Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway PIs: C. M. Lee, J. I. Gobat, and K. M. Stafford University of Washington, Seattle, WA International Collaborators: B. Petrie and K. Azetsu-Scott Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Nova Scotia The Davis Strait observing program (Figure 1) has supported 22 published papers, with three more currently under review, three doctoral dissertations and several reports. Highlights from some of these results serve to illustrate the scientific role of long-term observations at the Davis Strait gateway. Six-year (2004-2010) monthly-mean sections of cross-strait velocity, temperature, and salinity from moorings and gliders (Curry et al. 2014) illustrate persistent features and a seasonal cycle (Figure 2). A sharp, persistent front separates the south-going Baffin Island Current from north-flowing waters composed of the upper- ocean West Greenland Current and the deeper West Greenland Slope Current. The cross-strait position of this important front varies seasonally and interannually, which strongly impacts flux calculations (Curry et al. 2011; Curry et al. 2014). Glider-based sections provide a well-resolved measure of frontal position and structure, and quantify seasonal changes in the upper ocean, addressing two large sources of uncertainty and resolving seasonal to interannual changes in important flow structures that were previously impractical to sample. The 2004-2013 monthly-mean net volume and freshwater flux through Davis Strait (Curry et al. 2014) has significant interannual variability, with only weak seasonality (due to phase cancellations in the water mass components that make up the mean) and no statistically significant trends. The 2004-2013 mean net volume and freshwater fluxes are -1.6±0.2 Sv and -94±7 mSv, respectively, with sea ice contributing -10±1 mSv of freshwater flux.