Forty-first Breeding Bird Census
Edited by Willet T. Van Velzen
In keepingwith the trend of the past few The total numberof speciesrecorded per plot years,this year'stotal of 179 censusreports is rangedfrom 0 to 66 andaveraged 19.6. an all-time record, representing35 states/ Typicalof pastyears, 52% of the studies were provinces.An amazing total of 48 censuses new, 65% havebeen done 1 or 2 yearsand 81% werereported from California, more than twice have been done from 1 to 5 times. the numbergenerally reported for the highest Two weather factors were frequently men- state total in other years. West Virginia was tionedas affectingthe resultsof thisyear's cen- secondhighest, with 13 censuses,and North sus; the extreme drought conditions that Dakota third, with 11. occurredthroughout much of the Midwest and In additionto havingthe highesttotal, this West and the severe winter weather of 1976-77, year's censuscovered the greatestvariety of which apparentlydecimated populations of habitatsever studied by the BreedingBird Cen- speciessuch as the CarolinaWren in muchof sus.The widerange of newhabitats sampled in its northernrange throughoutthe East. It will Californiaalone represents a uniquevariety of be interestingto follow the recoveryof these desertand scrub types. birds in followingyears. A tremendousamount of effort was givento A specialword of thanksis extendedto all thisyear's census, totaling 4630 man-hoursof thoseworkers who took suchcare in preparing censuswork alone, not to mention the addi- their manuscriptsand submittedthem ahead tionaltime spentin settingup and measuring of the deadline date. plots.This effort,averaging 25.6 hoursper cen- The deadlinefor 1978is September1. susplot, was appliedto a total area of 2704 hectaresof habitat(an averageof 14.9 ha/plot). -- 21510 45th St., S.E. Bothell WA 98011
List of Censuses
State or Hec- Pairsper Hrs. Spe- Yrs of Habitat Province tares sq. krn. Obs. cies Study
A. Eastern-Deciduous Forest 1. Birch-- Maple -- Oak Forest Connecticut 13.9 445 16 30 2 2. Second-growthHardwood Forest Connecticut 10.1 806 17 36 11 3. LowlandOak -- Beech-- Maple Forest New York 8.1 1544 20 26 2 4. Maple -- Oak Forest New York 72.8 292 40 60 1 5. Mature Red Oak -- SugarMaple Forest New York 8.1 877 13 28 1 6. YoungRed Maple -- GrayBirch Forest New York 8.1 1248 13 33 2 7. YoungWhite Ash-- BasswoodForest New York 8.1 1285 18 37 2 8. Birch-- Maple -- Oak Forest Pennsylvania 9.0 662 30 25 4 9. MountainTop, Oak -- Maple Forest Pennsylvania 6.1 461 13 21 4 10. Oak -- Maple Forest Pennsylvania 6.1 255 7 11 1 11. Locust-- CherryWoodland West Virginia 6.1 288 14 22 1 12. Oak -- HickoryForest WestVirginia 6.1 239 11 19 3 13. Oak -- Hickory-- LocustForest West Virginia 6.1 395 10 16 1 14. Oak -- Hickory -- Red Maple Forest West Virginia 6.1 231 22 19 1 15. Oak -- Maple -- Birch Forest West Virginia 6.1 198 8 15 1 16. Red Oak -- Maple -- Birch Forest West Virgmia 6.1 297 8 17 1 17. Second-growthOak -- Maple Forest West Vir mia 6.1 297 12 15 1 18. Deciduous Forest with Pond and Brook New Jersey 16.2 290 10 30 14 19. Hickory-- Oak -- AshFloodplain Forest Maryland 18.4 1073 27 42 6 20. Mature DeciduousFloodplain Forest Maryland 7.6 929 34 22 25 21. Mature Ttflip-tree -- Oak Forest Maryland 14.6 813 23 22 4 22. Mixed Hardwood Forest Maryland 11.3 1403 22 54 15
Volume32, Number 1 49 Stateor Hec- Parrsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habitat Province tares sq. km. Obs. cies Study
23 SelectivelyLogged Mature Tulip-tree-- Oak Forest Maryland 14.2 1119 28 35 3 24 UplandTulip-tree -- Maple -- Oak Forest Maryland 12.0 826 20 36 7 25 Mixed Upland Habitat Dist. of Columbia 14.2 946 41 25 18 26 CoastalDisturbed Floodplain Virginia 8.1 198 19 24 2 27 Upland Oak -- Hickory Forest Virginia 11.0 718 69 22 5 28 FloodplainForest North Carolina 13.0 797 23 24 1 29 Mixed Deciduous Forest North Carolina 12.6 590 26 26 2 30 Mixed Deciduous Forest North Carolina 8.8 618 20 24 5 31 Mountain Ravine Mixed Forest Georgia 5.9 855 58 26 9 32 Mixed Forest Ontario 10.1 435 50 28 1 33 WoodedCity Ravine Ontario 20.0 245 19 18 8 34 Aspen-- Birch Forest Minnesota 20.5 234 18 21 1 35 Mature Aspen-- NorthernHardwoods Forest Minnesota 17.0 256 17 20 1 36 Upland Maple-- Oak Forest Wisconsin 5.4 509 20 21 1 37 Mature Mixed Hardwood Forest Michigan 9.3 820 18 31 4 38 Oak -- Hickory-- Maple Forest Illinois 13.0 242 14 26 2 39 Upland DeciduousForest Illinois 6.2 501 15 24 2 40 Black Oak -- Sassafras Woods Indiana 22.2 229 68 17 4 41 PoorlyDrained Mixed Oak Forest Indiana 11.1 398 15 26 2 42 Mixed HardwoodRegenerating Ohio 20.2 242 27 49 1 43 Mixed MesophyticForest Ohio 101.2 161 40 52 2 44 Virgin Beech-- Maple Forest Ohio 6.1 1285 30 32 5 45 Virgin ScrubOak Foothills Oklahoma 16.2 293 21 28 3 B. Eastern-- Coniferous-Deciduous(Mixed) 46 Deciduous-- ConiferousSecond-growth Northwoods Vermont 15.0 317 31 23 6 47 Maple-- Pine -- Oak Second-growth Forest Massachusetts 11.8 504 26 28 2 48 Climax Hemlock -- White Pine Forest with Transition Hardwoods Connecticut 10.5 841 21 33 11 49 Upland Mixed Pine-- Spruce-- Hardwood Plantation New York 16.6 518 16 31 4 50 Mountain Top, Mixed Hardwood-- White Pine Forest Pennsylvania 6.1 502 18 20 4 51 Oak-- Pine Forest West Virginia 6.1 346 10 20 1 52 Oak--PincForcst WestVirginia 6.1 329 7 22 1 53 Oak -- Pine -- Hickory Forest West Virginia 6.1 148 8 16 1 54 Oak-- Pine Woodland WestVirginia 6.1 214 13 16 1 55 Central Hardwood Forest with Scattered Pine Dist. of Columbia 26.3 293 82 21 18 56 Mixed Oak -- Pine and SwampForest North Carolina 10.1 257 34 11 2 57 TamarackBog and Hardwood Michigan 8.5 235 9 18 2 58 Mixed Pine-- Hardwood Forest Texas 6.3 475 8 13 4 C. Eastern -- Coniferous 59 Upland ScotchPine Plantation New York 9.3 1042 22 23 9 60 YoungSpruccForcst Maine 5.1 860 20 23 1 D. Eastern -- Mixed Habitats 61 Mixed Forest, Old Field and Homesite Vermont 10.9 1400 22 49 4 10.9 1135 22 44 5 62 AbandonedNursery with Hedgerows Connecticut 14.2 778 25 27 1 63 Mixed Upland Habitat and Swamp Connecticut 14.2 886 39 30 10 64 Upland BrushyPasture Connecticut 8.5 1247 16 31 11 65 AbandonedPasture-- Young Mixed Forest New York 3.4 552 5 20 1 3.4 610 5 22 2 66 Mixed Upland Habitat Penns•vania 7.8 1081 26 30 1 67 MountainTop Bogwith Mixed Hardwood and EvergreenEdge Pennsylvania 6.1 593 14 25 4 68 Old Field-- Meadow and Primary Deciduous Thickets Penns•vania 10.1 361 25 21 4 69 OvergrownField WestVirginia 6.1 354 17 19 1 70 Wooded Pasture WestVirginia 6.1 255 5 19 1
50 AmericanBirds, January 1978 State or Hec- Patrs per Hr$ Spe- Yrs of Habitat Provtnce tares sq. km. Obs. cies Study 71 DisturbedOak -- HickoryForest, Pine Stand,Edge, and Pond Ohio 14.2 593 35 39 39 72 Mixed Habitat Ohio 28.3 462 35 52 2 73 Railroad,Lightly Used Ohio 8.6 746 3O 21 1 74 Hackberry--Blue Ash -- ChestnutOak Savannahand Old Fields Ontario 28.3 17 24 75 MixedSwamp and Abandoned Field Ontario 4.9 947 28 38 76 Old Fieldwith DeciduousRegrowth and YoungConifer Plantations Ontario 42.0 338 33 39 77 AspenClearcut Minnesota 10.4 851 29 27 78 Mixed Wetland with Tamarack and Aspen Groves,Shrubland and Fen Wisconsin 16.9 702 21 28 79 DeciduousClearcut Tennessee 20.2 262 13 17 80 Pastureswith Brush,Wooded Stripsand Scattered Trees Tennessee 8.7 517 21 81 DeciduousClearcut Georgda 6.9 320 21 8 E. Central -- Prairie 82 DisturbedMixed Prairie Illinois 16.0 206 104 18 83 KentuckyBlue Grass Prairie NorthDakota 4.8 83 2 6 4.8 62 2 5 84 Mixed Prairie I North Dakota 10.0 215 7 13 85 Mixed Prairie II North Dakota 6.1 82 2 7 86 Mixed Prairie III North Dakota 6.1 90 2 7 6.1 49 2 6 87 Mixed Prairie IV North Dakota 6.1 98 3 8 88 Mixed Prairie V North Dakota 6.1 123 3 10 89 Mixed Prairie VIII North Dakota 8.7 75 3 7 90 SandhillPrairie Kansas 32.4 162 35 18 F. Central -- Disturbed Habitats 91 Mixed Habitat--Disturbed Bottomland Oklahoma 40.5 326 45 41 G. Western -- Deciduous 92 FloodplainCottonwood Forest Colorado 9.7 1776 37 29 93 FloodplainCottonwood Forest Colorado 52.2 312 19 23 94 Sycamore--Coast Live Oak Riparian Woodland California 6.8 1500 62 32 95 Sycamore--Coast Live Oak Riparian Woodland California 7.2 861 26 21 96 WillowRiparian California 3.7 1285 32 8 97 WillowRiparian I California 2.3 3208 32 13 98 WillowRiparian II California 3.9 1829 53 20 H. Western-- Coniferous-Deciduous(Mixed) 99 OpenAspen Grove-- Scattered Conifers Colorado 14.0 446 22 37 100 PonderosaPine -- ScrubOak -- Mahogany Woodland Colorado 8.1 383 43 14 10 101 California-Bay-- BishopPine -- Mixed Forest California 11.7 605 21 26 102 Douglas-fir-- Oak -- MixedEvergreen Forest Californi a 7.9 678 21 I. Western -- Coniferous 103 PonderosaPine Forest Colorado 8.1 469 15 11 14 104 Pinyon--Juniper--PonderosaPine Ecotone New Mexico 36.9 176 32 19 105 WhiteFir -- Douglas-firForest Utah 30.0 304 48 17 106 BishopPine Forest California 10.5 613 23 25 107 DisturbedBishop Pine Forest California 12.0 928 26 26 108 LimberPine Forest California 21.0 196 53 13 109 LoggedDouglas-fir Reseeded with Monterey Pine California 8.2 1107 30 34 110 NorthernPinyon Pine Woodland California 27.8 194 50 11 111 Pinyon-- JuniperWoodland California 9.0 100 24 13 I. Western -- Mixed Habitats 112 CottonwoodRiverbottom -- Pasture Colorado 71.6 296 20 34 113 Mixed-- MesophyticCanyon Bottom NewMexico 12.1 885 100 35 114 Farm with Ponds Utah 10.5 608 27 21
Volume32, Number 1 51 State or Hec- Parrsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habttat Provtnce tares sq. km. Obs. ctes Study
115. Scattered Mixed Coniferous Forest Oregon 32.4 205 40 14 116. DiggerPine Parkland California 9.1 298 16 14 117. Urban Nature Center California 34.4 285 61 18 118. Willow Woodland -- Freshwater Marsh California 2.9 1476 13 13 K. Western w Desert and Scrub 119. Creosotebush Wash Texas 15.6 147 19 7 120. Blue Grama-- Rabbitbrush Grassland New Mexico 16.2 90 22 5 121. Creosotebush Desert Scrub Arizona 19.5 8 8 5 122. Paloverde Desert Scrub Arizona 12.2 70 6 12 123. PygmyForest--Chaparral Utah 16.2 358 21 17 124. SagebrushFlat Wyoming 12.3 383 12 8 125. Cheesebush -- Goldenbush Scrub California 12.5 144 16 4 126. CoastalSage Scrub California 9.0 350 20 9 127. Coastal Scrub California 8.1 519 23 12 128. Creosote-- Brittlebush,Rocky Hillside California 20.0 12 29 2 129. Creosote -- Goldenhead Desert Scrub California 36.0 44 22 4 130. DesertRiparian California 3.7 1285 32 8 131. DisturbedCoastal Sage California 5.6 485 37 10 132. Disturbed Coastal Scrub (A) California 4.7 298 22 12 133. Disturbed Coastal Scrub (B) California 8.1 192 20 14 134. Joshua Tree Woodland I California 11.9 185 16 9 135. Joshua Tree Woodland II California 9.0 72 24 8 136. Mesquite-- Saltbush California 20.3 64 24 6 137. MesquiteWoodland California 20.0 412 31 10 138. MohaveYucca -- StaghornCholla Desert Scrub California 20.0 60 24 15 139. Ocotillo-- Creosotebush Scrub California 20.0 15 22 4 140. Rabbitbrush California 6.0 0 32 0 141. SagebrushScrub I California 21.0 19 24 3 142. SagebrushScrub II California 21.0 38 24 5 143. Census withdrawn 144. Census withdrawn 145. Saltbush Desert California 36.0 64 20 2 1 146. ScrubOak-- DesertChaparral California 20.0 105 30 16 1 147. Tamarisk-- DesertRiparian California 35.0 106 32 23 1 148. Tamarisk-- Saltbush California 18.5 27 24 5 1 149. UndisturbedCoastal Sage Scrub California 4.4 703 26 13 1 150. SilverSagebrush Flat Montana 24.0 246 18 17 1 151. SilverBuffaloberry -- Red OsierDogwood Coulee Montana 25.0 192 19 16 1 152. SilverBuffaloberry -- SilverSagebrush Coulee Montana 25.0 136 18 12 1 153. Needle-and-thread -- Blue Grama Grassland Montana 25.0 96 16 7 1 154. WesternWheatgrass -- BlueGrama Pasture Montana 25.0 48 16 7 1 L. Wetlands 155. ShrubbySwamp and SedgeHummocks Connecticut 8.1 2403 20 22 11 156. Nine Small Ponds Ohio 20.2 395 48 23 1 157. Cattail -- Bulrush Wetland I North Dakota 6.4 1001 6 9 1 158. Cattail -- Bulrush Wetland II North Dakota 7.3 3418 7 11 1 159. Cattail -- Bulrush Wetland III North Dakota 5.0 2170 5 13 1 160. Bulrush Wetlands North Dakota 5.6 1582 7 9 1 161. Bulrush and Cattail Marsh in Conifer Forest Montana 40.5 687 62 66 3 162. FloodplainPond Colorado 8.5 318 5 3 4 163. Cattail Marsh California 5.2 2909 23 12 1 164. Desert Marsh California 5.7 315 24 5 1 165. DesertRiparian -- FreshwaterMarsh and Ponds California 15.4 488 27 37 1 166. Disturbed Coastal Salt Marsh California 8.7 220 26 3 1 167. Tamarisk-Quailbrush Marsh California 21.5 70 24 12 1
52 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Stateor Hec- Parrsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habitat Province tares sq. krn. Obs. cies Study M. Northern-Taiga and Tundra 168 Arctic Low Foothills Tundra Alaska 25.0 272 61 18 1 169 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra I Alaska 33.0 111 41 10 3 170 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra II Alaska 27.0 109 49 10 3 171 Wet Coastal Tundra I Alaska 29.8 133 31 14 1 172 Wet Coastal Tundra II Alaska 25.0 116 46 8 1 N. Fields and Cultivated Areas 173 Old Field Pennsylvania 7.1 633 8 21 4 174 OrchardGrass-- TimothyField Pennsylvania 12.7 189 20 15 1 175 Abandoned Field Maryland 6.1 511 22 13 6 176 Orchard Grass--Tall Fescue Meadow Illinois 12.1 255 10 10 2 177 Annual Grassland California 12.6 127 47 5 1 178 Annual Grassland California 8.1 173 12 5 2 O. Residential 179 Residential Area North Carolina 10.1 435 34 14 1 180 Urban Residential Ontario 25.5 198 16 13 1 181 Village Residential Ohio 16.2 599 65 14 1 1. BIRCH.MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- Location: sided Towhee,5 (49, 20); Com. Yellowthroat,4.5 (44, Connecticut; New London Co., 1 mi NNW of intersection 18);E. WoodPewee, 3 (30,12); Black-capped Chickadee, of state routes 161 and 156; 40ø20'N, 72ø12'W, Niantic 3; TuftedTitmouse, 3; DownyWoodpecker, 2; BlueJay, Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1976. Size: 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; BrownCreeper, 2; Gray 13 94 ha = 34.44 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 31:29 Catbird,2; Wood Thrush,2; SongSparrow, 2; Com (1977)Weather: Normal spring, very hot Julyand early Flicker,1.5; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 1.5; Broad-winged August.Coverage: April 25; May 7, 14, 18, 21, 27; June Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFly- 14 Total man-hours: 16.2. Census (territorial males, catcher,1; HouseWren, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1, followed in parenthesesby males/km2 and males/100 Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1, acres) Rufous-sidedTowhee, 8 (57, 23); Canada War- Scarlet Tanager, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Com bler, 6 (43, 17); Gray Catbird, 4 (29, 12); Wood Thrush, Crow,0.5; E. Phoebe,0.5; Am. Robin, 0.5; N. Oriole, 4, Veery, 4; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 4; Great Crested 0.5; White-throatedSparrow, 0.5; Barred Owl, +, Flycatcher,3 (22, 9); Blue Jay, 3; Red-eyedVireo, 3; MourningDove, +; MagnoliaWarbler, +; Cardinal,+ Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Brown Total: 36 species;81.5 territorialmales (806/kin 2, 326/ Thrasher, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Cardinal, 2; Ruffed 1130acres). Remarks: Losses from the previous year were Grouse, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; singleWood Duck, Ruffed Grouse, Yellow-bellied Sap- Com Flicker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; E. WoodPewee, sucker, and Canada Warblers. The number of territorial 1, Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; malesremained the same.A dailyaverage of 30 Red- Ovenbird,1; Com.Yellowthroat, 1; Red-wingedBlack- wingedBlackbirds (80% males)and 20 Com. Grackles bird, 1, Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (female);N. Oriole, 1; wasobserved feeding in the plot. Specialthanks to Jim Hairy Woodpecker,+; White-breastedNuthatch, +; Cavanaugh.-- ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +. Total: 30 species;62 ter- Springfield,Mass. 01109. ritorial males or females (445/km2, 180/100 acres). Remarks:No nestswere found. There was a large 3. LOWLAND OAK-BEECH-MAPLE FOREST. -- decreasein the numberof speciesand territorialmales. Location:New York; OswegoCo., 2 mi S of Oswego, The numberof warblersdropped greatly. There were no 43ø25'N, 76ø30'W, OswegoEast Quadrangle,USGS HoodedWarblers or redstartspresent. The onlywarblers Continuity:Established 1974; 2 intermittentyears. Size: that did not decrease were the Canada and Black-and- 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 28:991 white Other birds not presentwere House Wren which (1974). Coverage:June 6, 8-10, 13, 15-17, 20, 22; 0615- decreasedfrom 6 to 0 pairs, E. Phoebe(2 to 0), White- 1445. Total: 20 party-hours.Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 15 eyedVireo (2 to 0), Ruby-throatedHummingbird (1 to 0), (185, 75); Veery, 12 (148, 60); Am. Redstart, 12; Great Dark-eyedJunco (1 to 0), White-throatedSparrow (1 to Crested Flycatcher, 11 (136, 55); E. Wood Pewee, 11, 0), Brown Creeper, Am. Robin and LouisianaWater- Wood Thrush, 8 (99, 40); N. Waterthrush, 8; Black- thrush -- ANDREW DASINGER, 12 Stone Cliffe cappedChickadee, 6 (74, 30); ScarletTanager, 6; Com Drtve, Niantic, Conn. 06357. Yellowthroat, 5 (62, 25); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 5, SongSparrow, 4 (49, 20); Winter Wren, 3 (37, 15); Hairy 2. SECOND-GROWTH HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Woodpecker, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; House Location: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White Memorial Wren, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Black-throatedBlue Warbler, Foundation,Morris, 41ø42'26•N,73ø12'22"W, Litchfield 2; Ovenbird, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Blue Jay 1, Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1965; 11 Am. Robin 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Rufous-sided intermittentyears. Size: 10.1 ha = 25 acres.Description Towhee,1; Field Sparrow,+. Total: 26 species;125 ter- of Plot: SeeAFN 19:590-591(1965). Coverage: June 3-5, ritorial males (1544/km •, 625/100 acres).Remarks: Con- 8, 13, 16-17; 0700-1930 hours. Total man-hours: 17. Cen- ductedas an ornithologyclass project. This secondcen- sus: Red-eyedVireo, 10 (99, 40); Ovenbird, 9 (89, 36); sus found increases in the numbers of most breeders with Veery, 8 (79, 32); Am. Redstart,7.5 (74, 30); Rufous- decreasesonly in the N. Oriole, HouseWren and Oven-
Volume32, Number 1 53 bird Man's activities In the area have been minimal Black-billed Cuckoo, + Total: 60 species,212 $ ter- until now. I wish to thank the owner, Eben Poland for his ritories (292/kxn2, 118/100 acres). Remarks: 12 nests permissionto usethe land for educationalpurposes, and werefound: phoebe 3, chickadee2, and 1 eachof Mal- the class(Denise Fryer, RosemaryHanagan/Windheim, lard, Black Duck, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Shelley June, Ken Karwowski, Catherine Meyers, Warbler, Worm-eatingWarbler, Ovenbird,and Chip- Randall Olsson,Nancy Roberts,Neil Sabine, Manfried ping Sparrow.Young seenbeing fed: flicker, Plleated Smith, Victoria StagnRta, Trooper Studdert, Peggy andDowny Woodpeckers, kingbird, Barn Swallow,blue- Trout, JamesVerrette) for its effort and dedicationwhich bird. -- JIM STAPLETON, John Burroughs Nature made this censuspossible. -- GEORGE R. MAXWELL Sanctuary,P.O. #23, WestPark, N.Y. 12493. IL Rice CreekBiological Field Station, Dept. of Zoology, State Univ. College,Oswego, N.Y. 13126. 5. MATURE RED OAK-SUGAR MAPLE FOREST. 4. MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- Location: New York; -- Location: New York; JeffersonCo., on Wellesley UlsterCo., John Burroughs Nature Sanctuary, 1 mi W of Island 4 mi ENE of the Thousand Islands International WestPark; 41ø48'N,73ø58'W, Hyde Park Quadrangle, Bridge,44ø21'N, 76ø56'W, Alexandria Bay Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 72.8 ha = 180 acres USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rec- (surveyed).I)eseription of Plot: The dominant canopy tangular,paced longitudinally and estimatedlaterally) treesare SugarMaple (Acersaccharum) and Red Oak Descriptionof Plot: A tall, undisturbedwoodland wtth a (Ouercusrubra). Typical understorytrees in additionto closedcanopy. Most canopytrees averaged15-21 m in the aboveare Spicebush(Lindera benzoin) and Hemlock height.There wasa 40% understoryof shrubsaveraging (Tsuga canadensis).Ground cover is complicatedbut 1 m in height; a 40% herbaceousground cover, more contains Christmas Fern (polystichumacrostichoides), mature than mostforests in nearbysectors. The canopy sedgespecies, and SpinuloseWoodfern (Dryopteris spin- trees followedby relative densityand dbh in cm were ulosa).A quantitativesurvey of the vegetationgave the Red Oak (Ouercusrubra), 42%, 57; SugarMaple (Acer followingresults: Trees 3 inchesdiameter and over,244/ saccharum)16%, 14; Red Maple (A. rubrum) 13%, 11, acre; total basal area 57.2 ft2/acre. The most abundant Am. Beech(Fagus grandifolia) 9%, 16;White Ash(Frax- species,followed by numberof trees/acre,relative den- inus americana)9%, 1S;White Pine (Pinusstrobus) 7%, sity(%), relativedominance, and frequency,were: Sugar 19; Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) 4%, 16 Edge: Maple, 48, 19, 18, 88; Hemlock,35, 16, 8, 63; Red Oak, Boundedon two sidesby similar woodsand on two sides 34, 14, 26, 75; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 25, 10, by youngwoods and successionalareas. Topogr•hy: 12, 88; dead trees, 18, 7, 10, 88; Basswood(Tilia Flat to slightlyrolling. Elevation:280-300 ft. Weather: americana),1S, 7, 8, 38; ChestnutOak •Q. prinus), 12, S, No precipitationduring censusand lowerthan average 9, 63; PignutHickory(Carya glabra), 10, 4, 2, 63. Shrub for season.Coverage: May 20, 23, 25; June1-3, 10-11, 21, stems/acre2000; groundcover 31%; canopycover 46%; 23-24; 0500-2100 EDT. Total: 12.5 observer-hoursCen- averagecanopy height 54 ft (range40-70 ft). Edge:Sur- sus: Wood Thrush, 8 (99, 40); Am. Redstart, 7 (86, 35), roundedby similarforest. Topography: A glaciated(N- E. Wood Pewee,6 (74, 30); Red-eyedVireo, 5 (62, 25), S)series of roesic,sandstone watersheds of the Ridge and Great CrestedFlycatcher, 4 (49, 20); N. Oriole, 4, Rose- ValleyProvince; ranging 150-500 ft. Includesa 10-acre breastedGrosbeak, 4; Veery, 3 (37, 15); ScarletTanager, artificialpond. Coverage: April 1S, 29; May 13, 1S, 17, 3; Corn. Flicker, 2; Least Flycatcher,2; Corn. Crow, 2, 21, 26, 28; June1, 3-6, 8, 10, 14, 17, 20; 0445-0800and Black-cappedChickadee, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, occasionallyat •dusk. Total man-hours: 40. Census: 2; Am. Robin, 2; WarblingVireo, 2; Corn.Yellowthroat, Black-and-whiteWarbler, 19 (26, 11); Red-eyedVireo, 2; Great Horned Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy 17 S (24, 10); Great Crested Flycatcher,14.5 (20, 8); Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Brown Black-cappedChickadee, 12 (16, 7); Ovenbird,11.S (16, Thrasher, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Cerulean Warbler, 1, 6), Wood Thrush, 10.S (14, 6); LouisianaWaterthrush, Ovenbird, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Cardinal, 1. Total: 28 10 (14, 6); Worm-eatingWarbler, 9 (12, S); Tufted Tit- species;71 territorial males (877/km•, 355/100 acres) mouse,6.5 (9, 4); ScarletTanager, 6 (8, 3); Cardinal,6; Visitors:Corn. Snipe,Corn. Nighthawk,Chimney Swift, DownyWoodpecker, S (7, 3); E. Wood Pewee,4.5 (6, 2); E. Kingbird,Barn Swallow,Tree Swallow,E. Meadow- Blue Jay, 4 (S, 2); White-breastedNuthatch, 4; Am. lark, Brown-headedCowbird, Am. Goldfinch, Swamp Robin, 4; Red-wingedBlackbird, 4; Chipping Sparrow, Sparrow.Remarks: The male CeruleanWarbler was 4, Corn.Flicker, 3.5 (5, 2); E. Phoebe,3 (4, 2); Blue-gray mated, singingon territory and seencarrying food, but Gnatcatcher, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Corn. Grackle, 3; Rose- the nestwas not found.There are no confirmedbreeding breastedGrosbeak, 3; E. Kingbird, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; recordsfor this speciesalong the St. LawrenceRiver in Golden-wingedWarbler, 2; Black-throatedBlue War- New York State.This studywas funded under U S Fish bier, 2; Cerulean Warbler, 2; Am. Redstart, 2; Indigo and Wildlife Service contract no. 14-16•0005-6067 -- Bunting,2; Am. Goldfinch,2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; GEORGE R. MAXWELL II and GERALD A. SMITH, Mallard, 1; Black Duck, 1; Wood Duck, 1; Ruffed Rice Creek Biological Field Station, Dept. of Zoology, Grouse,1; MourningDove, 1; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; State Univ. College,Oswego, N.Y. 13126. ScreechOwl, 1; Barred Owl, 1; PileatedWoodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; LeastFlycatcher, 1; Barn Swal- low, 1; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; 6. YOUNG RED MAPLE-GRAY BIRCH FOREST. Winter Wren, 1; E. Bluebird, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; -- Location:New York; St. LawrenceCo., 4 ml NE of Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Blue-winged Waddingtonat ColesCreek, 44ø53'N, 75ø07•W, Louis- Warbler, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Black-throated villeQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1976 Green Warbler, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat,1; Canada War- Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres.Deserlption o•Plot: SeeAB3l 31 bier, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Broad-wingedHawk, +; (1977). Weather: No precipitationduring census,a
54 AmericanBirds, January 1978 ratherdry seasonCoverage: May 17, 30, June4-5, 8,10, 8. BIRCH-MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- Location: 14, 20; July 7; 0500-2100,EDT. Total: 12.5 man-hours. Pennsylvania;Butler Co., Buffalo Township,1 ml S of Census:Am. Redstart,14 (173, 70); Veery, 13 (161, 65); intersectionof StateRte. 228 and Kepple Rd. on Todd Red-eyedVireo, 7 (86, 35); N. Oriole,7; WoodThrush, 6 Sanctuary;40ø44'N, 79ø42'W, Freeport Quadrangle, (74, 30); YellowWarbler, 6; White-throatedSparrow, 5 USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 4 consecutive (62, 25); Corn.Yellowthroat, 4 (49, 20); LeastFlycatcher, years.Size: 9 ha = 22.4 acres.Description of Plot: See 3 (37, 15); Red-wingedBlackbird, 3; SongSparrow, 3; AB 28:992-993(1974). Weather: Late May hot and dry, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; E. Wood Pewee,2; House first half of June unusuallycold; late June, July and Wren, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Corn.Grackle, Augustnormal temperatures with abovenormal rainfall 2, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; Coverage:May 25, 28; June 2, 8, 10; July 2, 11, 15, Corn Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Tree Swallow, August 3; 0500-0730.Total man-hours:30. Census• 1, Blue Jay, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 1; White- Red-eyedVireo, 15.5 (171,69); WoodThrush, 6 (66, 27), breastedNuthatch, 1; BrownThrasher, 1; Starling,1; Cardinal, 5.5 (61, 25); ScarletTanager, 5 (55, 22); Aca- Warbling Vireo, 1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; Nash- dian Flycatcher,4 (44, 18); E. Wood Pewee,3 (33, 13), ville Warbler, 1; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1; Ovenbird, Tufted Titmouse,2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Blue- 1, ScarletTanager, 1. Total: 33 species;101 territorial gray Gnatcatcher,2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; Hooded males (1248/km 2, 505/100 acres). Visitors: Great Blue Warbler, 2; Cerulean Warbler, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Heron, Killdeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Purple Martin, Downy Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1, Corn Crow, Cape May Warbler, Canada Warbler, Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Louisiana Brown-headed Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: A Waterthrush,1; Indigo Bunting, 1; ChippingSparrow, considerableincrease in the varietyof breederswas noted 1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 0.5; E. Phoebe,0 5, overlast year, but an overalldecrease in total malespres- Field Sparrow,0.5; Black-throatedGreen Warbler, +, ent occurred.This studywas supported by U.S. Fish and Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 25 species;60 territorial Wildlife Service contract no. 14-16-0005-6067. -- or non-territorial males and females (662/km 2, 268/100 GERALD A. SMITH and GEORGE R. MAXWELL II, acres). Visitors: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Black-billed Rtce CreekBiological Field Station,Dept. of Zoology, Cuckoo, Pileated Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, State Univ. College,Oswego, N.Y. 13126. Corn. Crow, Ovenbird. Remarks: Nests located, E Phoebe, Tufted Titmouse, Cardinal, Indigo Bunting The number of Red-eyedVireos increasedfrom 10 5 to 7. YOUNG WHITE ASH-BASSWOOD FOREST. -- 15.5after droppingfrom 19 two yearsago. Whether this Location: New York; St. LawrenceCo., 3 mi SW of Mor- is becauseof actual populationchanges or to the dif- ristownat JacquesCartier State Park, 44ø33'N,75ø41'W, ficultyof determiningthe numberof birds heardat one MorristownQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established time is unknown. -- R. MICHAEL SLATER, 1323 1976 Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB PowersRun Rd., Pittsburgh,Pa. 15238. 31 31-32 (1977). Weather: No precipitation during survey.The seasonwas drier than normal. Coverage: 9. MOUNTAIN TOP, OAK-MAPLE FOREST. -- May 14; June2-7, 11, 14, 22-23;0500-2100, EDT. Total: Location:Pennsylvania; Westmoreland Co., 10 ml SSW 17 S man-hours.Census: Yellow Warbler, 10 (124, 50); of Ligonlet,6 mi S of Laughlintownin ForbesState For- Veery,8 (99, 40); Am. Redstart,8; N. Oriole,6 (74, 30); est on the top of Laurel Mountain; 40ø07'37'N, Corn Grackle, 6; Am. Robin, S (62, 25); Warbling Vireo, 79ø10'50"W,Ligonier Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: 5, Rod-wingedBlackbird, S; House Wren, 4 (49, 20); Established1974; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 Rose-breastodGrosbeak, 4; E. Wood Pewee,3 (37, 1S); acres. Description of Plot: See AB 28:993 10 (1974) Wood Thrush, 3; Corn. Yellowthroat,3; SongSparrow, Weather:Sunny, except for onerainy day; mostly warm 3, Corn. Flicker, 2; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Least and clear. Coverage:June 4-5, 11-12;0500-0930, 1200- Flycatcher,2; Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Gray Catbird, 1300 and 1700-1930.Total party-hours:13. Census: 2, Starling, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 2; Red-eyodVireo, 7.5 (124, 50); Ovenbird,3 (49, 20), Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; SolitaryVireo, 2.5; Dark-eyed Junco, 2.5; Rose-breasted DownyWoodpecker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Tree Swallow,1; Grosbeak,2; E. WoodPewee, 1.5; Am. Robin, 1.5; Scar- White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Black- let Tanager,1.5; Chipping Sparrow, 1.5; Black-capped and-whiteWarbler, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Pine Chickadee,1; BrownCreeper, 1; IndigoBunting, 1, Warbler, 1; N. Waterthrush, 1; Cardinal, 1; Indigo Rufous-sidedTowbee, 1; Veery, 0.5; Red-shouldered Bunting, 1; ChippingSparrow, 1; White-throatedSpar- Hawk,+; PileatedWoodpecker, +; GreatCrested Fly- row, 1. Total: 37 species;104 territorial males (1285/ catcher, +; Blue Jay, +; Wood Thrush, +; Hermit km2, 520/100 acres).Visitors: Barn Swallow,Purple Thrush,+; CedarWaxwing, +. Total:21 species; 28 ter- Martin, Corn. Crow, Cedar Waxwing, Brown-headod ritorial males (461/kin 2, 187/100 acres).Visitors: House Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Five to six female Wren, Black-throatedGreen Warbler, Blackburman Brown-headedCowbirds were regularly present. A nearly Warbler, Canada Warbler, Purple Finch. Remarks: 30% decrease in total territorial males was noted over last Red-eyedand Solitary Vireos have increased noticeably year, while at the same time there was an increaseof 9 and regularlyin the 4 yearsof the survey.A maior speciesoccurring as breeders.The greatestdecreases physicalchange was the cutting of two herbaceous open- werenoted in E. Wood Pewee,House Wren, SongSpar- ingsin theforest during the fall of 1974,each measuring row, and Ovenbird.This studywas fundedby U.S. Fish approximately300 x 150ft; oneon either side of theplot and Wildlife Service contract no. 14-16-0005-6067. -- but not oppositeeach other. This probably accounts for GEORGE R. MAXWELL H and GERALD A. SMITH, the appearanceof ChippingSparrow and IndigoBunt- Rtce Creek BiologicalField Station, Dept. of Zoology, ing.A HouseWren that wasresident last year was not in State Univ. College,Oswego, N.Y. 13126. evidencethis year. The openingswere cut by the Penn-
Volume 32, Number 1 55 sylvaniaBureau of Forestryas part of a wildlifemanage- americana),55, 18, 1l, 50, Box-elder(Acer negundo), 17, ment plan. -- R. CARRELL ABBOTT (compiler), 6, 2, 67 and deadtrees, 20, 6, 8, 83. Treesby diameter AudubonSociety of WesternPennsylvania, Pittsburgh, sizeclass: A (3-6 in.) 200, 66, 20, 28; B (6-9 in.) 75, 25, 22, Pa 15213. 32; C (9-15 in.) 27, 9, 21, 31; D (15-21in.) 3, 1, 6, 9. Shrub stems/acre3358; groundcover 53%; canopycover 81%, 10. OAK-MAPLE FOREST. -- Location:Pennsylva- averagecanopy height 60 ft (range 40-81). Edge: nia, FayetteCo.; 2.9 mi WSW of Elliottsville;39ø46'N, Bordered by like habitat. Topography:A broad ridge 79ø4ff45•W,Brownfield Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: oriented ENE-WSW. Elevation: 1150 ft. Weather: Hot New Size: 6.07 ha: 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 and dry. Coverage:May 26-June2; dawn-0620 or 1900- yards,measured longitudinally and estimatedlaterally). 2015. Total man-hours: 14. Census: Rufous-sided Deserlption of Plot: A hardwood forest last cut over Towbee,4 (66, 27); Indigo Bunting,3 (49, 20); Cardinal, about1900-1941. The dominantcanopy trees are Chest- 2.5; Gray Catbird, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Wood Thrush, nut Oak (Quercus prinus) and Red Maple (Acer 1.5; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; DownyWoodpecker, 0 5, rubrum). Most prominentin the understoryare Moun- Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 0.5; Field Sparrow,0.5; Ruffed tain Laurel ffCalmialatifolia) and Rhododendron(Rho- Grouse,+; ChimneySwift, +; PileatedWoodpecker, +, dodendronmaximum). The groundcover is primarily Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; Com. Crow, +; Carolina Teaberry (Gaulther&procurnbens) and blueberry(Vac- Chickadee,+; Blue-wingedWarbler, +; KentuckyWar- cm•um sp.). A quantitativesurvey of the vegetationgave bler, +; Com. Yellowthroat, +; Hooded Warbler, +, the followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, Brown-headedCowbird, +; ScarletTunaget, +. Total: 22 basedon 6 circular samples,607/acre; total basal area species;17.5 territorial males (288/kmL 117/100 acres) 200 1 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 90% of the total Visitors:Rock Dove, Great CrestedFlycatcher, Acadian number of trees: Chestnut Oak, 198, 33, 46, 100; Red Flycatcher,Blue Jay,White-eyed Vireo, SongSparrow Maple, 120, 20, 13, 100; dead trees, 103, 17, 6, 100; Remarks:This plot is part of an abandonedhilltop farm White Oak (Q. alba), 70, 11, 10.5, 100; Black Oak (Q. recentlyacquired by OglebayPark; this study was to velutina),43, 7, 10, 66; Black Gum (Nyssasylvatica), 25, documentthe birdspresent before any developments are 4, 2, 100. Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 310, 51, undertaken. -- MR. and MRS. GERALD DEVAUL, 31, 15; B (6-9 in.) 180, 30, 54, 27; C (9-15 in.) 100, 16, 80, KATHY DEVAUL, DOROTHY BROEMSEN, CARL 40, D (15-21 in.) 16, 3, 30, 15; E (21-27 in.) 1, 1, 5.1, 3. SLATER, MARY FORD and GLEN PHILLIPS (com- Shrub stems/acre7,283; ground cover 60ø7o;canopy piler), BrooksBird Club, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheehng, cover98%; averagecanopy height 59 ft (range49-72). W. Va. 26003. Edge: Forest continueson all sides.Topography: East facingslope. Elevation: 2140-1900 ft. Weather:Fair and warm, then fair and cool.Coverage: May 26, 28-30;June 12. OAK-HICKORY FOREST. -- Location: West 4, dawn-0800, 1300-1400, or 1900-2015 hours. Total Virginia; Pendleton Co., 4.6 mi SE of Franklin, man-hours: 6.5. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (66, 27); 38ø35'32•N,79ø21'54•W, Sugar Grove Quadrangle, Ovenbird, 4; Black-and-white Warbler, 1.5; Wood USGS. Continuity: Established 1963; 3 intermittent Thrush, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Black-throated Green years.Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres.Description of Plot: See Warbler, 1; HoodedWarbler, l; Rufous-sidedTowbee, AFN 17:497 (1963) and 23:707 (1969). The dominant 1, ScarletTunaget, 1; PileatedWoodpecker, +; Great canopytrees are oaks and hickory. Most prominentin CrestedFlycatcher, +. Total: 11 species;15.5 territorial the understoryare huckleberry(Vaccinium sp.) and males (255/km2, 103/100 acres). Visltors: Turkey Laurel(Kalmia latifolia). The groundcover is primarily Vulture, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Downy Woodpecker, Teaberry (Gaultheriaprocurebens). A quantitative Com. Crow, Black-cappedChickadee, Tufted Titmouse, surveyof the vegetationgave the followingresults: Trees E Wood Pewee,Cardinal. Remarks: Specialthanks to 3-inchesdiameter and over, based on six circular sam- the followingfor their help: Glen F. Phillips,Robert K. ples,226/acre; total basalarea 77 ft2/acre.Species com- Ache,Peter Wray, Ruth B. Wilkinson.--M. VIRGINIA prising91% of the total numberof trees:Chestnut Oak JOHNSON, 24Robinson St., Uniontown, Pa. 15401. (Quercusprinus), 70, 31, 40, 100; Black Oak (Q. velu- tina), 27, 12, 9, 67; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 22, 10, 11, 83, Scarlet Oak (Q. coccinea),12, 5, 11, 67; White Oak (Q 11. LOCUST-CHERRY WOODLAND. -- Location: alba), 7, 3, 3, 33; hickory(Carya sp.), 28, 13, 12, 67, Red West Virginia; Ohio Co., 1% mi E of Greggsville; Maple (Acer rubrum), 18, 8, 4, 67; Dogwood(Cornus 40ø5'15•N,80ø34'56"W, Wheeling Quadrangle, USGS. florida), 13, 6, 2, 33; White Pine (Pinusstrobus), 8, 4, 3, Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, .50.Trees by diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 120, 53, 12, 110 x 660 yards,measured longitudinally and estimated 16; B (6-9 in.) 73, 32, 22, 29; C (9-15in.) 23, 10, 19, 24, D laterally).Deserlption of Plot: The dominantcanopy (15-21 in.) 5, 2, 9, 12; E (21-27 in.) 5, 2, 16, 20. Shrub trees are Black Locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia)and stems/acre14,700; ground cover 36%; canopycover Black Cherry(Prunus serotina). Most prominentin the 85%; averagecanopy height 58 ft (range31-68). Edge: understoryare MultifloraRose (Rosa multiflora) and Boundedon all sidesby similar cover.Topography: Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin).The ground coveris Situatedalong the top of SandyRidge in a NW direction primarily SweetCicely (Osmorhizalongistylus) and and is fairly level. Elevation:2300 ft. Weather: Clear, GroundIvy (Glechomahederacea). A quantitativesurvey dry, and hot for mostof the census.Coverage: May 25- of the vegetationgave the followingresults: Trees 3-in. June 3; dawn-0650 or 1930-2100. Total man-hours 11 diameterand over,based on 6 circularsamples, 305/ Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (66, 27); GreatCrested Fly- acre, total basal area 69 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising catcher,1; E. WoodPewee, 1; TuftedTitmouse 1; Wood 94% of the total number of trees:Black Locust,62, 20, Thrush, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Yellow-throated 34, 83; Black Cherry, 58, 19, 22, 83; Am. Elm (Ulmus Vireo, 1; Ovenbird,1; HoodedWarbler, 1; ScarletTan- americana), 75, 25, 17, 83; White Ash OVraxinus ager, 1; Whip-poor-will,0.5; Black-cappedChickadee,
56 AmericanBirds, January 1978 0 5; Indigo Bunting, 0 5, Ruffed Grouse,+, Turkey, +; USGS, and extendsSW cumng to W Continuity:New. PlleatedWoodpecker, +; Corn.Crow, +; White-breasted Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 yards, Nuthatch,+; Rufous-sidedTowbee, +. Total; 19 species; lengthmeasured, width estimated).Description of Plot: 14 5 territorial males (239/km 2, 97/100 acres). Visitors: A hardwood forest undisturbed since 1925. The dom- Worm-eating Warbler, Pine Warbler, Am. Goldfinch. inant canopy trees are oaks. Most prominent in the Remarks: An overall decrease was noted in the number understory are Vaccinium sp., Azalea sp., Mountain of territorialmales as comparedwith the 1%9 census- Laurel (Kalmia latifolia), and Sassafrasalbidum. The 23 5 to 14.5. This decreasemay be a result of the groundcover, in additionto the blueberries,is primarily unusuallyhot dry spring. Speciesshowing the greatest Loosestrife (Lysimachia lanceolata), ferns, mostly decreasewere Pine Warblers and Ovenbirds; Ovenbirds Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), and Wild Lily-of-the- from 4.5 territorial males to 1, and Pine Warblers from 4 Valley (Convallariamontana). A quantitativevegetation to 1 v•sitor.Special thanks to GlenPhillips and Mike and surveyof six 0.1 acresamples gives: Trees 3 in. dbh and Kathleen Finnegan for assistingwith the vegetative over 348/acre; total basal area 56.1 ft2/acre. Species survey.-- CAROLYN C. RUDDLE, Franklin, W. Va. comprising95% of the total number of trees: Chestnut 26807 Oak (Quercusprinus), 88, 25, 26, 100; Black Oak ( Q velutina), 50, 14, 18, 100; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 43, 12, 14, 13. OAK-HICKORY-LOCUST FOREST. -- Loca- 100; White Oak (Q. alba), 45, 13, 13, 83; Red Maple tion: West Virginia; Hardy Co., Lost River State Park; (Acerrubrum), 50, 14, 9, 83; ShagbarkHickory (Carya 38ø52'51"N,78ø$5'59•W, Lost River State Park Quad- ovata), 17, 5, 5, 83; Mockernut Hickory (C. tomentosa), rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:6.07 ha = 15 acres 15, 4, 4, 100; dead trees, 28, 8, 6, 83. Trees by diameter (rectangular,110 x 660 yards, measuredlongitudinally size class: A (3-6 in.) 282, 78, 28.2, 50; B (6-9 in.) 70, 19, and estimatedlaterally). Descriptionof Plot: Hardwood 21, 38); C (9-15 in.) 5, 2, 4, 7; D (15-21 in.) 2, 1, 3, 5 forestcut prior to 1930. The dominantcanopy trees are Shrub stems/acre 11,300; ground cover 30%; canopy Red Oak (Quercus rubra) and Chestnut Oak (Q. mon- cover 60% (estimated; a late freeze killed all the oak tana) Most prominent in the understoryare Striped leavesand affectedmost of the other plants,making our Maple (Acer pensylvanicun)and Flowering Dogwood actual canopy cover count of 20% invalid); average (Comusflorida). The ground cover is primarily Black canopyheight 39 ft (range33-42). Edge-. Forest continues Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemasa) and Thoroughwort on all sides.Topography: A hillsideplot on the S sidebut (Eupatoriumsp.). A quantitativesurvey of thevegetation near the top of Peters Mountain. The centerlinefalls gavethe followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameterand over, from 3520 to 3400 ft midway then risesto 3460 at the basedon 6 circularsamples, 235/acre; total basal area end. The lateral fall acrossthe plot is 80-120 ft downto 1!04 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 90% of the total the left. Weather: Hot and dry. Coverage:May 18-22, number of trees: Red Oak, 36, 15, 37, 83; Chestnut Oak, dawn-0820 or 1950-2100. Total man-hours: 22. Census: 46, 20, 19, 100; Black Oak (Q. velutina), 21, 9, 11, 50; Ovenbird, 2.5; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2, hickory(Carya sp.), 60, 25, 16, 83; BlackLocust ORobinia Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1.5; Scarlet Tanager, 1 5, pseudo-acacia),28, 12, 9, 83. Trees by diameter size Tufted Titmouse, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Rufous-sided class A (3-6 in.) 106, 45, 11, 9; B (6-9 in.), 56, 24, 16, 15; Towhee, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 0.5; Wood Thrush, C (9-15 in.) 46, 20, 41, 36; D (15-21 in.) 17, 7, 30, 26; E 0.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 0.5; Ruffed Grouse, +, (21-27 in.) 5, 2, 15, 13. Shrub stems/acre2608; ground Whip-poor-will, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Hairy cover11%; canopy cover 87%; averagecanopy height 78 Woodpecker,+; Blue Jay, +; Carolina Chickadee,+, ft (range 62-105). Edge: Forest continuesin all direc- White-breasted Nuthatch, +; Brown-headedCowbird, + tions Topography:The centerline is a Park Trail which Total: 19 species;14 territorial males (231/km2, 93/100 followsthe contouron the E slopeof ShenandoahMoun- acres).Visitors: Yellow-billedCuckoo, Blue-gray Gnat- tain Elevation: 2400 ft. Weather: Cool and dry; scat- catcher, Yellow-throatedVireo, Solitary Vireo and Am tered frost one night. Coverage:June 4-8; dawn-0745or Goldf'mch.Remarks: The trees had been defoliatedby a 1900-2100. Total man-hours: 10. Census: Cerulean late frost at this altitude. The small number of birds Warbler, 4 (66, 27); Am. Redstart, 3.5 (58, 23); Acadian reflects the lack of diversity in the habitat, lack of Flycatcher,2.5; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; E. Wood moistureand possiblythe effectsof the late frost. The Pewee,2; Wood Thrush, 2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; only nest found was that of the Ruffed Grouse -- ScarletTanager, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 1.5; Red- DOROTHY BROEMSEN, ANNE and GREG EDDY, eyedVireo, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; DownyWood- MAR YFORD, GEORGE HURLEY, GEORGE KOCH, pecker, 0.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +; Red-bellied NEVADA LAITSCH, WILLIAM SMITH and GLEN Woodpecker, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Brown- PHILLIPS (compiler},Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood headed Cowbird, +. Total: 16 species;24 territorial Ave., Wheeling, W. Va. 26003. males (395/km 2, 160/100 acres). Remarks: Two nests werelocated: Wood Thrush and DownyWoodpecker. -- 15. OAK-MAPLE-BIRCH FOREST. -- Location: ANNE PYLE, ANNE LLEWELLYN, GREG EDDY, West Virginia; Hardy Co., 2.5 mi WSW from Mathias, LAURA KOCH, JUANITA DELANCEY, MAXINE 38ø51'50"N,78ø54'29"W, Bergton Quadrangle,USGS, I'HACKER, ARDETH SMITH, LEW SMITH, IRIS extendsESE. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres ?dOELLER, MAXINE KIFF, ESTHER REICHEL- (rectangular,110 x 660 yards,length measured,width DERFER, BILL SMITH (compiler),Brooks Bird Club, estimated).Description of Plot: A hardwoodforest last 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. cut over about 1940. The dominant canopy trees are ChestnutOak (Quercusprinus) and Red Maple (Acer 14. OAK-HICKORY-RED MAPLE FOREST. -- rubrum). Prominent in the understoryare Witch Hazel Location:West Virginia; Monroe Co., in Hangingl•ock (Hamamelisvirginiana), blueberry (Vaccinum sp.), and Nature Study Area, 2.7 mi NNW from Waiteville; starts seedlingsof the canopyspecies. The sparseground cover at 37ø30'30"N,80ø26'21•W, Gap Mills Quadrangle, is quitevaried. Both Pipsissewasare present(Chimaphda
Volume 32, Number 1 57 umbellata and maculata), and some Teaberry grandtflorum),Virg•ma Waterleaf(Hydrophyllum vtrgt- (Gaulthertaprocumbens). Many of the blueberriesare manurn),several ferns and a few grasses.A quantitative low enoughto be consideredground cover. There are a vegetationsurvey of six 0.1 acresamples gives: Trees 3 in number of GreenbriersL•rnilax rotundifolia) and a few dbh and over 262/acre; total basal area 128 ft2/acre fernsand grasses.A quantitativevegetation survey of six Speciescomprising 94% of the total numberof trees.Red 0.1 acre samplesgives: Trees 3 inchesdbh and over, Oak, 83, 32, 64, 100;Sugar Maple (Acersaccharurn),38, 237/acre;total basalarea, 92.1 ft2/acre. Species compris- 15,5, 67; StripedMaple (A. pensylvanicurn), 15, 6, 1, 83, Ing 90% of the total numberof trees:Chestnut Oak, 52, RedMaple (A. ruhrurn), 13, 5, 1, 50;Black Birch (Betula 22, 26, 100; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 5, 2, 7, 33; White Oak lenta), 42, 16, 6, 100; hickory (Carya sp.), 18, 7, 4, 67, (Q alba), 5, 2, 5, 50; Red Maple, 50, 21, 21, 100; Black deadtrees, 33, 13, 9, 100.Trees by diametersize class A Birch(Betula lenta), 40, 17, 14,67; hickory(Caryasp.), 7, (3-6 in.) 153, 59, 15.3, 12; B (6-9 in.) 35, 13, 11.3, 9, C 3, 6, 50; Tulip-tree (Liriodendrontulipifera), 23, 10, 6, (9-15 in.) 47, 18, 37.4, 29; D (15-21 in.) 17, 6, 30, 23, E 50, Basswood(Tilia americana), 7, 3, 3, 17; Black Gum (21-27 in.) 8, 3, 25.9, 20; F (27-33 in.) 2, 1, 8.2, 6. Shrub (Nyssasylvatica), 10, 4, 5. 67; dead trees, 15, 6, 5, 83. stems/acre4510; ground cover 56%; canopycover 61% Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 132, 56, 13.2, 14; (thecanopy cover would have been about 90% had not a B (6-9 in.) 43, 18, 12.9, 14; C (9-15 in.) 45, 19, 36, 39; D recentfreeze killed mostof the leaves);canopy height 52 (15-21in.) 17, 7, 30, 33. Shrubstems/acre 4330; ground ft (range30-65 ft). Edge: Forestcontinues on all sides cover22%; canopycover 85%; averagecanopy height 74 Topography:The centerlinefollows a trail on the N side ft (range 68-83). Edge: Forestcontinues on all sides. of the crest of Peters Mountain from elevation 3580-3750 Topography: The centerline follows an intermittent ft. The crestis in the plot and variesfrom 5 ft abovethe stream,falling from elevation1960 to 1840ft. The sides path at the start to 60 ft aboveat the end oppositethe averageabout 40 ft higherthan the centerline.Weather: HangingRock LookoutTower. The crestis a seriesof Cool, occasionalrain, some wind. The first break in an cliffsand rock outcrops. The S edgeis overthe crestand extremelydry and hot spring. Coverage:June 5-8; 10 from 10 to 30 ft lower. The N edge is from 50 to 90 ft trips, betweendawn-0730 and 2 in the evening.Total lowerthan the centerline.Weather: One morningcool party-hours:8. Census:Acadian Flycatcher,3 (49. 20); and foggy;the restclear, hot and dry. Coverage:May Red-eyed Vireo, 3; E. Wood Pewee, 2.5; Tufted Tit- 19-22; 13 trips, 0545-0800, and 2 trips in late evening mouse,1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; LouisianaWater- Total party-hours:8. Census:Chestnut-sided Warbler, 3 thrush, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 0.5; Broad-winged (49, 20); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3; Ovenbird,2; Indigo Hawk, +; ScreechOwl, +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; Bunting,2; Red-eyedVireo, 1.5; Black-and-whiteWar- Great Crested Flycatcher, +; Com. Crow, +; Black- bler, 1.5; Dark-eyedJunco, 1.5; Black-throatedBlue capped Chickadee, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, +; Warbler, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Solitary Vireo, 05, Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 15 species;12 ter- Hooded Warbler, 0.5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 05, ritorial males (198/km 2, 80/100 acres).Visitors: Yellow- Dc•ny Woodpecker,+; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +, E billed Cuckoo, Black-billed Cuckoo, Wood Thrush, Am. Wood Pewee,+; Wood Thrush, +; Brown-headedCow- Goldfinch, Rufous-sided Towhee. Remarks: A nest of bird, +. Total: 17 species;18 territorial males(297/km 2, the Acadian Flycatcher was found. The usual low 120/100 acres).Visitors: Chimney Swift, PileatedWood- populationin a normallydry area may havebeen further pecker, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Com. Raven, White- reducedby the extremelydry spring.The rain duringthe breastedNuthatch, Cedar Waxwing. Remarks: The jun- censusweek wasthe first in two months.Special thanks cosceased singing after the first day but wereseen carry- to Glen Phillips,George Koch, Bill Smithand GregEddy ing foodon later trips. -- WILLIAM SMITH (cornpaler), for their work on plot layout and vegetationsurvey and KATHLEEN and GARY BERT, DOROTHY BROEM- for advice on evaluatingthe census.-- VIRGINIA SON, ANNE and GREG EDDY, MARY FORD, JOHNSON (compiler), JEAN ANDERSON, RALPH GEORGE HURLEY, GEORGE KOCH, NEVADA BELL, JUANITA DELANCEY, ANNE EDDY, LAITSCH, GLEN PHILLIPS, CAROLYN R UDDLE, KATHLEEN FINNEGAN, GEORGE A. HALL, BrooksBird Club, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W Va LORRAINE HARPER, EUGENE HUTTON, NEVADA 26OO3. LAITSCH, CHARLOTTE LANHAM, LIBBY MCIN- 17. SECOND-GROWTH OAK-MAPLE FOREST. TYRE, IRIS MOELLER, ANN PYLE, CAROLYN -- Location:West Virginia; Hardy Co., in DoveHollow RUDDLE, ZETTIE STEWART, JOSEPHINE WOOD, beginning3.6 mi fromintersection with mainPark road, BrooksBird Club, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling, W. Va. Lost River State park; 38ø56'00•N, 78ø53'51•W, Lost 26OO3. River Park Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New Size: 16. RED OAK-MAPLE-BIRCH FOREST. -- Loca- 6.07 ha = 15 acres (rectangular, 110 x 660 yards, tion: West Virginia; Monroe Co., in Hanging Rock measured longitudinally and estimated laterally) Nature StudyArea, 2.5 mi NNW from Waiteville; starts Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are at 37ø30'21", 80ø26'49'W,Gap Mills Quadrangle, White (Quercusalba) and Red •Q. rubra) Oaks and Red USGS,extends W alongthe Allegheny Trail. Continuity: (Acerrubrum) and Sugar(A. saccharum)Maples Most New Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 prominentin the understoryare: FloweringDogwood yards,length measured, width estimated).Deseription of (Cornusflorida) and Witch Hazel (Hamamehsv•r- Plot: A hardwood forest undisturbed since before 1930. giniana) and saplingsof the canopytrees. The sparse The dominantcanopy tree is Red Oak (Quercusrubra). groundcover is composedof GoldenRagwort (Senecho The understoryis mostlyWitch Hazel(Harnarnelis virgi- aureus), White Snakeroot(Eupatoriurn urticaefohum), ntuna),Azalea sp., Hydrangeaarborescens, and seed- somescattered tufts of grass,and ferns.The resultsof a lingsof the canopyspecies. Prominent in the quitevaried quantitativevegetation survey based on six 0.1 acre herb cover are Plume-lily (Srnilacinaracernosa), Black samplesare: Trees3 in. in diameterand over,430/acre, Cohosh(Cirnicifuga racernosa), pink Trillium (Trilliurn total basal area, 131.4 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 90%
58 AmericanBirds, January 1978 of the total trees White Oak, 140, 32, 23, 100, Red Oak, 39ø13' 10•N, 76054'45•W,Clarksv•lle Quadrangle, USGS 111, 26, 28, 100; Maples (Red and Sugar),66, 15, 14, Continuity:Established 1971; 6 intermittentyears Size: 100, Hickory (Caryasp.), 20, 4, 4, 83; Basswood(Tilia 18.4 ha = 45.5 acres.Description of Plot: The dominant amertcana),10, 2, 3, 17; Black Gum OVyssasylvatica), 7, canopytrees are Pin Oak(Quercus palustris), Red Ash 2, 4, 50; Black Locust(Robinia pseudo-acacia), 8, 2, 1, (Fraxinuspennsylvanica), Am. Elm (Ulmusamertcana), 67, deadtrees, 28, 7, 4, 100.Trees by diametersize class andRed Maple (Acer rubrum). Most prominent •n the (figures= numberof trees/acre,relative density, basal traderstoryare Flowering Dogwood (Comusflorida), Am area m ft2/acre, and relativedominance: A (3-6 in.) 298, Hornbeam(Carpinus caroliniana) and Spicebush(Lin- 69, 30, 23; B (6-9 in.) 85, 20, 25.5, 19; C (9-15 in.) 17, 4, derabenzoin). The grotrodcover is predominantlyJap- 13, 10; D (15-21in.) 23, 5, 42, 32; E (21-27 in.) 7, 2, 20.7, aneseHoneysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Wood-nettle 16 Shrub stems/acre1560; ground cover 4%; canopy (Laporteacanadensis), and Poison Ivy (Rhusradtcans), cover86%; averagecanopy height 64 ft (range 39-84). however,the followingspecies also are common:V•rgtma Edge: Similar forestin all directions.Topography: A Creeper(Parthenocissus quinquefolia), Jewelweed Ormpa - typmalhollow with smallstream extending NE by SW at tienssp.), Trout-lily (Erythronium americanurn), May- an averageelevation of 1800ft. Weather:Warm and dry apple(Podophyllum peltatum), False Spikenard (Smtla- excepta changeto rain and cool duringlatter part of cina racemosa), Christmas Fern (Polystichumacrostt- period.Coverage: June 4-8; dawn-0740,with two mid- choides),New York Fern (Dryopterisnoveboracensts) motrangtrips andtwo eveningtrips. Total party-hours: and Royal Fern (Osmundaregalis). A quantitative 12 Census:Acadian Flycatcher,4 (66, 27); Blue-gray vegetationsurvey following the methodprescribed by Gnatcatcher,3 (49, 20); Red-eyedVireo, 2.5; Tufted Tit- Jamesand Shugart(AFN 24:727-736,1970) gave the mouse,2; LouisianaWaterthrush, 2; Wood Thrush, 1; followingresults: Trees 3-in. dbh and over,based on 7 Ovenbird,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, circular0.1-acre samples, 157/acre; total basal area 52 9 0 5, Cerulean Warbler, 0.5; Am. Redstart, 0.5; Yellow- sqft/acre. Species comprising 93% of thetotal number billed Cuckoo, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Great of trees:Pin Oak, 30, 19, 33, 71; Red Ash, 14, 9, 18, 43, CrestedFlycatcher, +; E. WoodPewee, +. Total: 15 spe- Am. Elm, 20, 13, 5, 57; dead trees, 16, 10, 9, 86, Red cies, 18 territorial males (297/km 2, 120/100 acres).Vis- Maple,7, 4, 5, 14;Black Walnut (luglans nigra), 6, 4, 5, itors: Downy Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Corn. Crow, 57; Am. Hornbeam,17, 11, 4, 71; Sycamore(Platanus Brown-headedCowbird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: The occidentalis),4, 3, 5, 29; BitternutHickory (Carya cordt- centerlineof the plot is a hard-surfaceroad which follows formis),4, 3, 4, 29;Black Haw (Viburnumprunifohum), a small stream, with closedcanopy in a deciduous 7, 4, 1, 29; Black Cherry(Prunus serotina), 4, 3, 3, 43, second-growthforest in DoveHollow. In onesmall area grape(Vitis sp.), 6, 4, 1, 29;Black Willow (Salix nigra), 4, the h•llsidehad been excavatedfor road fill. Blue-gray 3, 2, 29; hawthorn(Crataegus sp.), 4, 2, 2, 29; Box-elder Gnatcatchersand Tufted Titmice werefeeding young out (Acernegundo), 3, 2, 1, 14.Trees by diametersize class of the nest.Special recognition to GeorgeKoch and Glen A (3-6 in.) 64, 41, 4.4, 8; B (6-9 in.) 30, 19, 6.3, 12; C (9-15 Phflhps for assistancewith the vegetationsurvey. -- in.) 53, 34, 29.6, 56; D (15-21 in.) 10, 6, 12.6, 24. Shrub E R and ELIZABETHDE G. CHANDLER (compilers), stems/acre, 15,500; ground cover 55%; canopy cover BrooksBird Club, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling, W. Va. 65%; averagecanopy height 58 ft (range55-60). See also 26003 AB 25:963-%4.The soilsvary in drainageand areh•ghly acidic.Comus silt loam is the predominantsoil type and 18. DECIDUOUS FOREST WITH POND AND is well drained. However,there is a pocket of Hatsboro BROOK. -- Location:New Jersey;Bergen Co.; Mah- siltloam at the NE edgeand oneof mixedalluvial softs •n wah, Campgaw Mountain Reservation.Continuity: the SW corner,both poorlydrained. Edge: Borderedon Established1964; 14 consecutiveyears. Size: Approx- the N and SE by a continuationof the floodplainforest, imately16.2 ha = 40 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAFN on the E by a golf course,on the W by an old field and 19 623-624 (1965).Coverage: May 24, 26, 31; June 2, 9, recentlytimbered deciduous forest, and on the S by the 14, 16, 21; 0530-0645. Total party-hours:10. Census: Tulip-tree-Maple-OakForest plot (census24). A buffer Tufted Titmouse, 3 (19, 8); Starling, 3; Ovenbird, 3; stripof at least50 ft separatesthe studyplot from the old Canada Goose,2; Corn. Flicker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, field; at somepoints along the easternbotmdary the golf 2, Tree Swallow,2; Gray Catbird, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; courseapproaches to within 50 ft but this is not felt to Veery, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Blue-wingedWarbler, 2; haveany measurable influence on thebird populatmnof Corn Yellowthroat,2; Song Sparrow, 2; Yellow-billed the studyplot. Topography:Essentially flat, but sloping Cuckoo,1; E. Kingbird, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; about5 ft per 1000ft towardthe SSE.The floodplato•s E Wood Pewee,1; Blue Jay,1; Black-cappedChickadee, bisectedby the Middle PatuxentRiver. Elevation: 297- 1, White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Brown Creeper,1; Am. 310 ft. The river flowsthrough a deepchannel; elevation Rob•n, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Louisiana Water- at low water is 292-295 ft. Coverage:May 31; June 2, 11, thrush, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; 17, 22, 25, 30; July 31. Surveysstarted at about sunrise Scarlet Tanager, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Rufous-sided and lastedan averageof 3 hoursand 25 minutes Total Towhee, 1. Total: 30 species; 47 territorial males hours, 27. Census:Gray Catbird, 35 (190, 77); Acadian (290/km 2, 118/100 acres).--P. BOLTON, T. DYE, L. Flycatcher,17 (92, 37);Wood Thrush, 16 (87, 35), Red- GAITSKILL, G. LITTELL, J. MOFFAT, K. SJOLAN- eyedVireo, 13.5 (73, 30);Am. Redstart,13 (71, 29), Car- DER, J. WHITE, J. & J. WORRALL and J. BROTHER- dinal, 12.5 (68, 27); Red-bellied Woodpecker,7 5 (41, TON (compiler),Fyke Nature Assoc., 249 E. Crescent 16); TuRed Titmouse,7 (38, 15); White-eyedVireo, 7, E Avenue, Mahwah, N.J. 07430. Wood Pewee, 6 (33, 13); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,6, 19. HICKORY-OAK-ASH FLOODPLAIN FOREST. DownyWoodpecker, 5.5 (30, 12);Carolina Chickadee, 5 -- Location: Maryland; Howard Co., Middle Patuxent (27, 11);Veery, 5; Corn.Yellowthroat, 5; N. Parula,3 5 R•ver, due W of Hobbits Glen Golf Course, Columbia; (19, 8); Brown-headedCowbird, 3 (16, 7); Ruby-throated
Volume 32, Number 1 59 Hummingbird,2.5, Com Fhcker, 2 5, ScarletTanager, low as in 1961, when severewinter weather reduced their 2 5, Mourning Dove, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; Rufous- number to zero. A continuingpopulation trend •n tins s•ded Towhee, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1.5; Yellow- censusand othersin the Washington,D.C. area is the throated Vireo, 1.5; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1.5; Am. steadydecrease in summerresidents. Those contlnmng Goldfinch,1.5; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; this trend in 1977 were the Great Crested Flycatcher, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; White-breasted Acadian Flycatcher,E. Wood Pewee,Red-eyed Vireo, N Nuthatch, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Cerulean Warbler, 1; Parula, and Am. Redstart.This year the Prothonotary Hooded Warbler, 1; N. (Baltimore) Oriole, 1; Pileated Warblerwas absent for the first time. Othersno longerin Woodpecker,0.5; Corn.Crow, 0.5; Indigo Bunting,0.5; residenceare the Wood Thrush, Veery and Kentucky Mallard, +; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Barred Owl, +. Warbler. -- JOAN H. CRISWELL (compiler), W H Total: 42 species;197.5 territorial males (1073/km2, CRAMER, J. R. GAUTHEE Audubon Naturalist Soct- 434/100 acres).Remarks: The Carolina Wren, which in ety,8940 Jones Mill Road, Washington,D. C. 20015 eachprevious year had been representedby 1.5 to 3.5 21. MATURE TULIP-TREE-OAK FOREST. pairs, did not breed in the plot this year. A wandering --Location: Maryland; Prince GeorgesCo., 6 m• N of •ndlv•dualfirst appearedon June 30. The only other Upper Marlboro; 38ø53'45"N,76ø45'46"W, Lanham speciesrecorded in unusualnumbers this year was the Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1947, 4 Wood Thrush, which reacheda new high of 16 ter- intermittentyears. See AFAr 1:211-212(1947) and AB ritories. The Louisiana Waterthrush has gradually 31:1%23 (1977).Size: 14,6 ha = 36 acres.Deseription of declinedfrom 3 territoriesin 1971to 1.5 this year. The Plot: SeeAB 31:91 (1977).Coverage: April 14, 30, May quantitativesurvey of the vegetationwas repeatedthis 26, 30; June 7-8, 11. Total: 23 man-hours.Census: Red- year, usinga newsample of random0.1-acre circles. The eyedVireo, 30 (206, 83); Wood Thrush, 17.5 (120, 49), resultsshow drastic changes from the originaldescrip- Red-belliedWoodpecker, 12.5 (86, 35); E. Wood Pewee, tion, which included somemisidentifications; there also 11.5(79, 32); DownyWoodpecker, 8 (55, 22); Cardinal, •s a strongindication that the number of 0.1-acre circles 7.5 (51, 21); AcadianFlycatcher, 6 (41, 17); Tufted Tit- sampledwas far too smallto givean adequatemeasure of mouse,4 (27, 11); Kentucky Warbler, 4; Scarlet Tan- the tree compositionof this habitat. Further work is ager, 4; Ovenbird,3 (21, 8); Blue Jay, 2.5; Carolina neededto determineadequate sample sizes for quantita- Chickadee, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Hooded tive habitat descriptions in various habitats. -- Warbler, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1, CHANDLER S. ROBBINS, 7902Brooklyn Bridge Road, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Corn.Crow, +; Blue- Laurel, Md. 20810. gray Gnatcatcher,+; Starling, +; Brown-headed 20. MATURE DECIDUOUS FLOODPLAIN FOR- Cowbird, +. Total: 22 species;118.5 territorial males (813/km 2, 329/100 acres).Remarks: Previouscensuses EST. -- Location:Maryland; Montgomery Co., Cabin recordededge species as well as forestinterior species John Island, Glen Echo; 2.5 mi NW of the District of Columbia, betweenthe C. and O. Canal and the Potomac This yearthe edgepopulation included Indigo Bunting, 5; Com. Yellowthroat,3; Mourning Dove, 1; Gray Cat- River,just S of CabinJohn Creek; Falls ChurchQuad- bird, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Am. Robin, +, Bob- rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1947; 25 inter- white, +. The minimal and maximal annualspecies turn- mlttent years.Size: 7.6 ha = 18.75 acres.Description of over rates, from 1976 to 1977, were 8.2 and 9.8% An Plot: See AFAr 1:212-213 (1947). Coverage:March 27; "apparent"colonization by Blue-grayGnatcatcher is the April 2-3, 16, 23-24; May 1, 8, 21-22, 29; June 11, 26; basis for the difference. Disappearance of Yellow- July3; 15 trips,0415-1030 EST. Total man-hours:33.75. throated Vireo is in accordwith regional and local Weather: In general,clear and calm on walks. Average trends. -- ROBERT WHITCOMB, NANCY E. MAC- temperature,61øF. Census: Starling, 18 (237, 96); Red- CLINTOCK, LUCY MACCLINTOCK (compiler), 327 eyedVireo, 8 (105, 43); AcadianFlycatcher, 6 (79, 32); ScottDr., SilverSpring, Md. 20904. Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 5 (66, 27); Cardinal,5; Downy Woodpecker,3 (40, 16);Carolina Chickadee, 3; Tufted 22. MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Location: Titmouse,3; N. Parula, 3; Am. Redstart, 3; Red-bellied Maryland; Calvert Co., NW of Plum Point and 1 ml Woodpecker,2; Song Sparrow, 1.5; Wood Duck, 1; inlandfrom Chesapeak9 Bay on TobaccoRoad between BarredOwl, 1; PileatedWoodpecker, 1; Great Crested Md. Routes263 and 261. Continuity:Established 1960, Flycatcher,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Corn.Crow, 1; Brown 15 intermittent years.Size: 11.3 ha = 28 acres.Descrip- Creeper,1; CarolinaWren, 1; Yellow-throatedWarbler, tion of Plot: See AFAr 13:333 (1959). Weather: 10 of the 1, Brown-headedCowbird (female), 1. Total: 22 species; 12 full trips wereon cleardays. High temperatures,73- 70 5 territorial males or females (929/km 2, 376/100 94øF.Both the creekand bog becamedry in earlyJuly acres). Remarks: Nests found: Starling, 18; Pileated Coverage:April 21, 30; May 5, 7, 11, 16, 21, 28; June3-4, Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; CarolinaChick- 11, 18, 27-28;July 2, 4, 9, 15. Total: 12 full trips averaged adee, 1; BrownCreeper, 1; AcadianFlycatcher, 1. The 109 minutes.Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 22 (194, 79), Car- total of 70.5 territoriesis not much higher than the 66 dinal, 15 (132, 54); Wood Thrush, 14 (124, 50); Rufous- total for 1976 and continues well below the 91.5 for 1975. sidedTowbee, 13 (115, 46); Acadian Flycatcher,7 (62, Some of the decreaselast year was accountedfor by a 25); Yellow-throatedVireo, 5 (44, 18); Ovenbird, 5, Ken- dropin Starlingsand N. Parulas.These species increased tucky Warbler, 5; Com. Yellowthroat,5; HoodedWar- somewhatthis year. There was also a new nester,the bler, 5; ScarletTanager, 5; Am. Woodcock,4 (35, 14), Yellow-throated Warbler. However, there was a con- MourningDove, 4; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 4; E. Wood siderable loss of Carolina Wrens, becauseof the hard Pewee,4; SummerTanager, 4; GreatCrested Flycatcher, winterof 1977.The losswas apparent in the wintercen- 3 (26, 11); CarolinaChickadee, 3; Tufted Titmouse,3, N sus of this area. In the breedingcensus these birds Parula, 3; LouisianaWaterthrush, 3; Bobwhite,2; Corn droppedfrom a high of 7 in 1976to 1 in 1977,nearly as Flicker,2; Hairy Woodpecker,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,
60 AmericanBirds, January 1978 2, White-eyedVireo, 2, Com Grackle,2, IndigoBunt- Thrasher, 1, Starling, 1, Red-shoulderedHawk, +, lng, 2, Am. Goldfinch,2; Whip-poor-will,1; Downy Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Com. Crow, +; Blue- Woodpecker,1; BlueJay, 1; PineWarbler, 1; Yellow- gray Gnatcatcher,+; Com. Yellowthroat, +. Total 3S breastedChat, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Field Spar- species;1S8.S territorial males (1119/km2, 4S3/100 row, 1, GreenHeron, +; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Am. acres).Remarks: This year we wereespecially careful to Kestrel,+; Yellow-billedCuckoo, +; Barred Owl, +; determinethe number of Red-belliedWoodpecker ter- Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; PilearealWoodpecker, ritories. One visit was made to this plot and to the +, Com.Crow, +; FishCrow, +; CarolinaWren, +; Gray undisturbedplot (CensusNo.21) using the tape play- Catbird, +; Brown Thrasher, +; Am. Robin, +; E. back technique.Also, specialattention was given this Bluebird,+; Worm-eatingWarbler, +; Am. Redstart,+; specieson all regularvisits. The total number of pairs Blue Grosbeak,+; Chipping Sparrow,+. Total: 54 washigher in eachplot than estimatedin previousyears species;159 territorial males (1403/kmL 568/100 acres). Territorial sizesranged from 2 to about 3.S acresin both Remarks:The 36 specieswith complete territories on the plots.We thereforereviewed maps from past censusesof plotwere 2 lessthan lastyear, but equalledthe 16-year theseplots, and wishto amendpast estimates as follows average.The territorial males (159) dropped for the fifth North tract: 197S:12 pairs; 1976:10 pairs; Southtract consecutiveyear, werethe lowestsince 1962. The pre- 1947:9pairs; 197S: 9 pairs;1976:9 pairs.The unusually vious16-year average was 232. The Red-eyedVireo densepacking of this speciesin both plotsmay be owing repeatedas the mostnumerous species, but the ter- to the large total area of trunk surfaceavailable for ritorieswere greatlyreduced. The Cardinalincreased foragingin a rich, mature woodland.The estimateof slightlyand returnedto second.Following were the 94% reductionin the CarolinaWren populationin this Wood Thrush, Rufous-sidedTowbee and Acadian Fly- and the undisturbedplot is in goodagreement with count catcher.These showedlosses except the towheewhich data taken Jan. 1S and Feb. 19 which estimated an 8S% increasedgreatly. Other speciesshowing increases were reductionin the population of a nearby forest system Mourning Dove, Great CrestedFlycatcher, Yellow- Maryland Birdlife (33:3-8, 1977).--ROBERTF. WHIT- throated Vireo, Hooded Warbler, Com. Yellowthroat, COMB, LUCY MACCLINTOCK, NANCY E. MAC- and SummerTanager. Other speciesshowing marked CLINTOCK (compiler),327 Scott Dr., Silver Sprtng, losseswere Downy Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse,Car- Md. 20904. ohnaWren, and Ovenbird.The CarolinaWren (14 last 24. UPLAND TULIP-TREE - MAPLE - OAK FOR- year)suffered the greatestloss, and was considered not EST. -- Location: Maryland; Howard Co., Wedge of on a singleterritory this year. This was probably due to Middle PatuxentRiver Valley, SW of the HobbitsGlen theseverity of lastwinter. The marked changes recorded Golf Course at Columbia; 39ø12'55"N,76ø54'40"W, thisyear for the other species were due greatly to thelog- ClarksvilleQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established gnngof the maturetrees during the pastwinter in 400 1971; 7 consecutiveyears. Size: 11.98 ha = 29.6 acres acresin whichthe plot islocated, and the furthercutting Descriptionof Plot: A revisedquantitative survey of the of certain remainingtrees during the presentcensus. vegetationbased on the methodproposed by James and This resultedin manyclear and bare areasin this nor- Shugart(AFN 24:727-736)is asfollows: Trees, 3-in dbh mallywooded habitat. However, by midyearthe ground and over, based on six 0.1-acre circular samples,300/ becamedensely covered with a rich assortmentof weeds acre;total basalarea 55.5 sq ft/acre. Speciescomprising someof whichbecame head high. The Whip-poor-will 90% of the total numberof trees[figures after eachgnve and Yellow-breasted Chat occurred for the first time number of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative since1968 and 1966respectively. There wereno newspe- dominance,frequency, in that sequence]:Tulip-tree (Ltr- ciesin the areathis year. A totalof 76 haveoccurred dur- iodendrontulipifera), 82, 27, 44, 100; deadtrees, 42, 14, ing the 17 studies.-- JOHN H. FALES, 2809 Ridge 8, 100;Red Oak (Quercusrubra), 27, 9, 1.3, 100;White Road,Neeld Estate,Huntingtown, Md. 20639. Oak (Q. alba), 10, 3, 2, 33; Pignut Hickory (Caryagla- bra), 28, 10, 11, 100;Red Maple (Acerrubrum;, 15,5, 3, 23. SELECTIVELY LOGGED MATURE TULIP- 50; FloweringDogwood (Cornus florida), 58, 19, 6, 83, TREE-OAK FOREST. -- Location: Maryland; Prince Scrub Pine (Pinus virginiana), 13, 4, 7, 67. Trees by GeorgesCo., 6.5 mi N of UpperMarlboro; 38ø55'N, 76 ø diametersize class [figures after eachclass give number 45'3ffW, Lanham Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: of trees/acre,relative density (%), basal area in sq ft/ Established1975; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 14.2ha = 35 acre,relative dominance]: A (3-6 in.) 158, 53, 9.5, 17, B acres Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 31:17-23and 92-93 (6-9 in.) 77, 25, 13.8, 25; C (9-15 in.) 63, 21, 30.4, 55, D (1977) Coverage:April 20, 26-27; May 6, 21-22, 27-28; (15-21in.) 2, 1, 1.8, 3. Shrubstems/acre, 2940; ground June8; July 2. Total: 28 man-hours.Census: Red-eyed cover63%; canopy cover 67%; average canopy height 58 Vireo, 24 (169, 69); Wood Thrush, 18.5 (131, 53); Car- ft (range55-60). (See also AB 25:971.)The soilsare well dmal, 14.5 (102,41); HoodedWarbler, 13 (92, 37); Red- drainedand moderatelyto severelyerodible. Nearly the belhedWoodpecker, 12 (85, 34); E. WoodPewee, 7.5 (53, whole area is covered with various Manor loams, and 21), AcadianFlycatcher, 7 (49, 20);Scarlet Tanager, 6.5 almosthalf of it is of the more highly erodibletypes (46, 19);Downy Woodpecker, 6 (42, 17);Kentucky War- Edge:Bordered on the N bythe Hickory-Oak-Ash Flood- bler, 5.5 (39, 16); Tufted Titmouse,4 (28, 11); Yellow- plainForest plot (Census 19); on the E andmost of the S throated Vireo, 4; Brown-beadedCowbird, 4; White- by a continuationof the uplandTulip-tree-maple-oak breastedNuthatch, 3.5 (25, 10); Rufous-sidedTowbee, forest;on the SW by a maturepine woods; and onthe W 3 5, CarolinaChickadee, 3 (21, 9); Indigo Bunting,3; byan old field. Edge effect was essentially eliminated by Ovenbird, 2.5; Am. Woodcock,2; Com. Flicker, 2; Hairy keepingthe plotboundary 50 to 100ft withinthe decid- Woodpecker,2; White-eyedVireo, 2; Blue Jay, 1.S; uousforest edge. Topography: A hilltopwith a relief of Red-tailedHawk, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Yellow-billed lessthan 3 ft in one-half acre is centrally located 250 ft Cuckoo, 1; Carolina Wren, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Brown within the southernboundary. From the summit a grad-
Volume32, Number1 61 ual slopeto the NE falls 25 ft •n a horizontal&stance of Nestsfound 1 Starhngand 1 Blue Jay Th•s year'stotal 500 ft. Elsewherethe elevationdrops sharply, especially speciesand territorialmales were the lowestyet; but •n alongthe E and NE where it drops 30-35 ft per 100 ft. keepingwith the overalltrends and possibleeffects of Most of the plot slopestoward the N with an averagefall last winter, one of the coldest on record. There were 45 of 140 ft per 1000 ft. Elevation: 310-412 ft. Coverage: speciesin 1960,206 males,while in 1972,39 species,and May 26; June1, 8, 16, 20, 23, 26; July 2. Surveysstarted the highestnumber of breedingpairs, 220.5.Last year, w•thm 10 minutes of sunrise and lasted 2% hours. Total with 105-hourcoverage, we had only 28 species,so the hours: 20. Census:Red-eyedVireo, 19 (159, 64); Wood downwardtrend is not changed by more observation Thrush, 12 (100, 41); Cardinal, 9 (75, 30); Acadian Fly- Specieshave not been over 27 since 1973, but the low catcher,6 (50, 20); Veery, 5 (42, 17); ScarletTanager, 5; count of males is farther out of line. Second lowest was Tufted Titmouse, 4 (33, 14); Hooded Warbler, 4; 150in 1%3, duringthe disturbanceof sewerconstruction Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; Gray Catbird, 3.5 (29, 12); throughthe park.The cumulativetotal of speciesfor the Red-bellied Woodpecker,3 (25, 10); E. Wood Pewee,3; 19 yearsis 85. The Carolina Wren, whosepopulation Kentucky Warbler, 3; Downy Woodpecker,2; Brown- growsduring periods of mild winterweather in thisarea, headedCowbird, 2; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1.5; and dropssharply with cold,had its recordnumber last Carolina Chickadee, 1.5; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1.5; summer,14 breedingpairs. They have had a winteraver- Mourning Dove, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Hairy ageof 4 in recentyears, but droppedto 1 or 2 by the end Woodpecker, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; White- of last winter's census. This summer's total of 6 •s thus eyedVireo, 1; N. Parula, 1; CeruleanWarbler, 1; Oven- encouraging,since there had been only 3 in the early b•rd, 1; N. (Baltimore)Oriole, 1; Great Crested Fly- breedingcensuses. Birds that increasednotably were the catcher,0.5; Yellow-throatedVireo, 0.5; Turkey Vulture, BlueJay, reaching a record10 after a build-upfrom early +, Black Vulture, +; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Barred 3 to 9 for the last 5 years;Com. Grackle,usually a v•s•tor, Owl, +; Com. Flicker, +; PilearealWoodpecker, +; Am. with only5 previousbreeding records, 2 lastyear, 5 th•s, Goldfinch, +. Total: 36 species;99 territorial males Am. Robin, now 3, occasionally1 or 2 before; Corn (826/km2, 334/100 acres).Visitors: Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Yellowthroat,with the first breeding record since 1972, Purple Martin, Am. Redstart.Remarks: The greatest had 7 in 1959, but had been low or absent since 1962, changefrom pastyears was the completeabsence of Car- and the White-eyedVireo, whereeven a + is encouraging ohna Wrens, which had been wiped out by the severe for a bird with only 2 previoussingle territories (1959, winter weather. •Despitethis loss, the total breeding 1961). Notable drops in number are seenfor the Car- populationreached a newhigh, 4 territorialmales more dinal, 30 in 1972, 24 last year, now 16.5; Veery, going than the previoushigh of 95 in 1971.The warblerpop- from 28 to 23 to 17 in the last 3 years;the Wood Thrush, ulat•on, however,has decreasedevery year except 1975. up to 3 last year, now a visitor;Tufted Titmouse,going Nine speciesof warblershave held territories on the plot down24-21-16-10 in the last4 years;Acadian Flycatcher, m one or more of the sevenyears, and the total warbler 9 originally,dwindling since 1967 to visitorby 1974 but populationhas showna highlysignificant decline (p ( up to 2 last year, now visitor; no Great CrestedFly- 0 01) during this period.-- CHANDLER S. ROBBINS, catcher, the first zero since 1973; Staffing that has 7902BrooklynBridge Road, Laurel Md. 20810. droppedfrom 25 in 1970 after buildingup from 3 m 1959, 17 in 1975, 13 in 1976, 6 this year. The Veery- 25. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT. -- Location: Dis- Wood Thrush ratio continues as noted before, w•th the tnct of Columbia, the central third of Glover-Archbold Wood Thrush in anothersetback. The steadydrop m Park, a narrow,long streamvalley park in the NW sec- speciesand numbersof migratorybirds nesting here and tion Continuity:Established 1959; 19 consecutiveyears the correspondingincrease in numbersof the all-year (printedin this journal from 1960).Size: 14.2 ha = 35 residentshas had a small changeprobably because of the acres.Description of Plot: SeeAFN 14:502-503(1960). cold winter, but the long-term trend should not be Coverage:April 2-3, 10, 15, 17, 19, 23, 30; May 15, 22, affected.-- SHIRLEY A. BRIGGS (compiler),OLIVE 28, June12, 15, 26; July10; August7; 0615-2100.Total: HOLBROOK, NAPIER SHELTON, CHARLES N 41 hours. Weather: Clear on 12 trips, rainy on 1, overcast STEELE, 7605Honeywell Lane, Bethesda,Md. 20014 or cloudy on the others,with temperatures45-90øF, averaging69 ø, wind calm or slight but once up to 10 mph Census:Veery, 17 (120,49); Cardinal,16.5 (116, 26. COASTAL DISTURBED FLOODPLAIN. -- 47), Gray Catbird, 11 (78, 31); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 11; Location:Virginia; GloucesterCo., bordersGloucester Blue Jay, 10 (71, 29); Tufted Titmouse, 10; Carolina C. H. Sanitary District on the E, Route 14 at lower end Chickadee,8 (56, 23); Red-belliedWoodpecker, 7 (49, Continuity: Established 1976. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres 20), DownyWoodpecker, 6 (42, 17); CarolinaWren, 6; Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 30:1053(1976). Coverage Starhng,6; Com.Grackle, 5 (35, 14);Corn. Flicker, 4 (28, March 12, 24; April 17; May 1, 7, 15, 21, 28; June8, 12, 11),Red-eyed Vireo, 4; White-breastedNuthatch, 3 (21, 18;July 3, 17, 30; 0600-0935,except one noon trip. Total 9), Am. Robin, 3; PilearealWoodpecker, 2; Com. Crow, 19.2 hours. Weather: Clear, and usually calm. Tem- 2, Corn.Yellowthroat, 2; E. Wood Pewee,0.5; Screech peratures36-74øF (average57øF). Census:Red-belhed Owl, +; White-eyed Vireo, +; Ovenbird, +; Am. Woodpecker, Acadian Flycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Redstart,+; HouseSparrow, +. Total: 25 species,134 Cardinal,1.5; Blue Jay, Carolina Wren, Red-eyedV•reo, territorial males (946/km•, 382/100 acres). Visitors: Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, (foundirregularly in the area,but withintheir breeding Downy Woodpecker,E. Wood Pewee,Carolina Chick- periodand known to breedin thevicinity): Wood Duck, adee, Wood Thrush, White-eyed Vireo, Prothonotary Red-shouldered Hawk, Rock Dove, Mourning Dove, Warbler, N. Parula, Pine Warbler, Ovenbird,Kentucky ChimneySwift, Hairy Woodpecker, Acadian Flycatcher, Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, 0.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Mockingbird,Brown Thrasher,Wood Thrush, Red- GreatCrested Flycatcher, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Indigo wingedBlackbird, Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: Bunting, +. Total: 24 species; 16 territorial males
62 AmericanB•rds, January 1978 (198/km2, 80/100 acres) Visitors Great Blue Heron, clesof ShagbarkHickory, an association of lowland trees Green Heron, Wood Duck, Turkey Vulture, Am. Wood- more characteristicof the coastalplain than the pied- cock,Com. Flicker, Hairy Woodpecker, E. Phoebe,Am. mo,'* of North Carolina.In damp areas,Japanese Honey- Robin,Starling, Red-winged Blackbird, Com. Grackle, suckle(Lonicera japonica) forms a denseground cover Rufous-sidedTowhee, Am. Goldfinch, Song Sparrow. The most abundant shrub is Shortstalk Arrowwood Remarks: Nests found: Red-shouldered Hawk, Red- (Viburnumrafinesquianum). Quantitative analysis of belhedWoodpecker, White-eyed Vireo. -- MARVIN L. thirteen 0.1-acre-circularsamples gave the following WASS,Gloucester, Va., 2306I. results:Trees, 3 in. diameterand over,430/acre, total basalarea, 201 ft2/acre.Species comprising 99% of the 27. UPLAND OAK - BICKORY FOREST. -- Loca- total numberof trees (figuresafter each speciesgive tion:Virginia; Fairfax Co., DranesvilleDistrict Park, number of trees/acre,relative density(%), relative dom- McLean, along Route 193 (old GeorgetownPike), inance(%), frequency (%), in that sequence):Sweetgum approximately3fimile W of Exit 13, CapitalBeltway (Liquidambarstyracifiua), 133, 31, 27, 100;Am Elm (Interstate495); 38ø57'N, 77ø12'W, Falls Church Quad- (Ulmus americana),50, 12, 6, 92; CherrybarkOak rangle,USGS. Continuity: Established 1973; 5 con- (Quercusfalcatapagodaefolia),44, 10, 13, 92; deadtree, secutlveyears. Size: 11 ha = 27.2acres. Description of 39, 9, 4, 92; WillowOak (Q.phellos), 32, 8, 14,85, Red Plot: SeeAB 25:636 (1971).Weather: Generallyclear; no Maple(Acer rubrum), 22, 5, 4, 62;N. ShagbarkHickory rainon any trip. The unusually high summer heat in this (Caryaovata), 21, 5, 11, 54; SwampChestnut Oak (Q areadid notbegin until after most trips had been made. michauxii),20, 5, 5, 62; BlackGum •yssa sylvatica),17, Temperaturerange, 42-81øF. Coverage: April 3, 8-10, 4, 2, 77: S. ShagbarkHickory (C. carolinaeseptentrton- 12-14,16, 20, 25, 27-28,30; May 1, 8, 10, 12-14,16, 21; alis),10, 2, 4, 38; WhiteAsh (Fraxinus americana), 9, 2, June8, 18;July 16; 0610-1015 or 1210-2020.Total party- 1, 38; LoblollyPine (Pinustaeda), 6, 1, 4, 31; E Red hours68.6. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 19.5 (177, 72); Car- Cedar(Juniperus virginiana), 6, 1, 1, 38; WhiteOak (Q ohnaChickadee, 5.5 (50, 20); WoodThrush, 5.5; Red- alba),5, 1, 2, 38; Persimmon(Diospyros virginiana), 3, 1, belbedWoodpecker, 5 (45, 18); TuftedTitmouse, 4.5 1, 23; FloweringDogwood (Cornus florida), 2, 0.5, 0 1, (41,17); Scarlet Tanager, 4.5; GreatCrested Flycatcher, 15; Ironwood(Carpinus caroliniana), 2, 0.5, 0 1, 8, 4 (36, 15); Brown-headedCowbird, 4; E. Wood Pewee, MockernutHickory (C. tomentosa),2, 0.4, 1, 8, Red 3 5 (32, 13);Corn. Grackle, 3.5; BlueJay, 3 (27, 11);Car- Mulberry•orus rubra),2, 0.4,0.2, 8. Treesby diameter dmal, 3; Ovenbird,2.5; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; sizeclass [figures after each class give number of trees/ DownyWoodpecker, 1.5; AcadianFlycatcher, 1.5; acre,relative density (%), basal area in squarefeet/acre, Worm-eatingWarbler, 1.5; MourningDove, 1; Corn. relativedominance (%)]: A (3-6 in.), 209, 49, 21, 10, B Flicker,1; PileatedWoodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, (6-9in.), 93, 22,28, 14;C (9-15in.), 89,21, 72, 36;D (15- 1, LouisianaWaterthrush, 0.5. Total: 22 species;79 ter- 21in.), 33, 8, 61,30; E (21-27in.), 4, 1, 12,6; H (40+ in ), ritorial males (718/km:, 290/100 acres).Visitors: Red- 1, 0.2, 8, 4. Shrub stems/acre,55,700; groundcover, tailed Hawk, Red-shoulderedHawk, Broad-winged 52%;canopy cover, 77%; averagecanopy height, 75 ft Hawk, Yellow-billedCuckoo, Barred Owl, E. Phoebe, (range60-85 ft). Edge: Similarforest extends approx- Com Crow, Fish Crow,Brown Creeper, Carolina Wren, imately50-100 m on all sides.On three sides,at dis- Gray Catbird,Am. Robin, Blue-grayGnatcatcher, tancesof about200 m lie largetracts of similarforest Yellow-throatedVireo, Black-and-whiteWarbler, Ken- Topography:Nearly flat; withinthe floodplainof Mor- tuckyWarbler, Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: The Red-eyed ganCreek. Elevation: 235-245 ft. Coverage:April 9-June Vireopopulation isagain at a recordhigh, well above last 16; 10 visitsat approximatelyweekly intervals between year'srecord of 14.5.The "visitor" status of the Carolina dawn and 1030 hours. Total party-hours:23. Census Wren, whichlast year reacheda populationof 7 ter- Red-eyedVireo, 17 (131,53); AcadianFlycatcher, 12 5 ritorialmales, reflects the winter damage suffered by this (96,39); Carolina Wren, 12(92, 37);Tufted Titmouse, 9 species.-- G. L. AXFORD,T. M. AXFORD,JON (69, 28); Blue-ffrayGnatcatcher, 8 (62, 25); Cardinal,7 BAYLESS, DAN ELMER, G. H. ESPENSHADE, (54,22); Carolina Chickadee, 6 (46, 19);Wood Thrush, 5 JESSICA M. GIUSTL MARY MANION, S. W. (38, 16); Yellow-throatedVireo, 4.5 (35, 14); Hooded TAYLOR, HOWARD M. WATSON, ROBERT J. Warbler,4.5; KentuckyWarbler, 4 (31, 12); Red-belhed WATSON(compiler), 2636 Marcey Road, Arlington, Va. Woodpecker,3 (23, 9); SummerTanager, 3; Yellow- 22207. billed Cuckoo, 1; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1, DownyWoodpecker, 1; E. WoodPewee, 1; Black-and- 28. FLOODPLAIN FOREST. -- Location: North white Warbler, 1; N. Parula, 1; Yellow-throatedWar- Carolina;Orange Co., within the Univ.of N.C. Mason bler, 1; Ovenbird,1; Red-tailedHawk, +; BarredOwl, FarmReserve, locally known as Big Oak Woods, 3 mi SE +; BlueJay, +. Total: 24 species;103.5 territorial males of thecenter of ChapelHill; 35ø53'N,79ø0'W, Chapel (797/km•, 322/100 acres). Visitors: Bobwhite, Am Hill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 13.0 ha Woodcock,Com. Flicker, Hairy Woodpecker,Plleated = 32.1 acres (rectangular,surveyed and ffridded). Woodpecker,White-breasted Nuthatch, Com. Crow, DeserlptlonofPlot: Mostly (10 ha) mature forest with no Com. Grackle. Remarks: Red-tailed Hawk nested suc- disturbancethis centuryand possiblyno majordisturb- cessfully.-- M. CROTTEAU, C. DAL MOLIN, R ance in historicaltimes; partially (3 ha) forest in FOX, S. GIDUZ, S. HALL (co-compiler),K. HOPKINS, advancedsecondary succession at least 80 yearsold. This D. KENNEDY, H. MUELLER, D. NEWMAN, S typicalfloodplain forest, bisected by a smallseasonal O'BRYAN, D. RICHARDS, P. SPIEGEL, H. WILEY creek,floods extensively in the spring.Slight variations (co-compiler),H. WILSON, Dept. of Zoology,Umv of in elevationcorrelate with major shifts in thefrequencies North Carolina, ChapelHill, N.C. 27514. ofthe species of oaksand the nature of the ground cover. The dominantcanopy trees are Sweetgum,Cherrybark Oak, Willow Oak, SwampChestnut Oak, and two spe-
Volume 32, Number 1 63 29. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Location: 31. MOUNTAIN RAVINE MIXED FOREST. -- North Carolina;Orange Co., partly within the research Location: Georgia; Rabun Co., headwatersof Cutting- area of the N.C. Botanical Garden, 2.5 mi SE of the bone Creek in the ChattahoocheeNat'l Forest,4 mi SSE centerof ChapelHill; 35ø31'N,79ø01'W, Chapel Hill of Clayton.Continuity: Established 1969; 9 consecutive Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1976. Size: years.Size: 5.9 ha = 14.7 acres.Description of Plot: See 12 55 ha = 31 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 31:41 AFN 23:710-711(1969). There havebeen no perceptible (1977). Coverage:April 6-June 16; 12 visits at approx- changesin the mature forest cover in the last year imatelyweekly intervals between dawn and 0930 hours. Weather: April through June temperatureswere above Total party-hours:26. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 16 (128, normal; rainfall was irregular and below normal $2), CarolinaWren, 7 (56, 23); Tufted Titmouse,6.5 (52, Coverage:April 13, 16; May 9, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 28, 30, 21), Wood Thrush, 6 (48, 19); Cardinal, 6; Red-bellied June1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 19, 22, 26, 29; July3; daylight-0930 Woodpecker,4 (32, 13); CarolinaChickadee, 4; Summer EDT. Total man-hours:58. Census:Acadian Flycatcher, Tanager,4; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 3.5 (28, 11);Hooded 6 (99, 41), Red-eyed Vireo, 6; Black-throated Green Warbler, 3 (24, 10); Yellow-throated Vireo, 2 (16, 6); Warbler, 6; Worm-eating Warbler, 5 (82, 34); Black- Ovenbird,2; DownyWoodpecker, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee, and-white Warbler, 4 (67, 27); Hooded Warbler, 4, 1 5, Acadian Flycatcher,1.5; White-breastedNuthatch, Tufted Titmouse, 3 (49, 20); Cardinal, 3; Blue Jay, 2, 15, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Hairy Wood- Carolina Chickadee, 2; Carolina Wren, 2; Yellow-billed pecker,1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; KentuckyWar- Cuckoo, 1; ScreechOwl, 1; Pileated Woodpecker,1, bier, 1; Great Horned Owl, +; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Great Corn Flicker, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Crested Flycatcher, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Ovenbird, 1, Pine Warbler, +. Total: 26 species;74 territorial males Scarlet Tanager, 1; Corn. Flicker, +; Corn. Crow, +, (590/kin•, 239/100 acres).Visitors: Great Crested Fly- White-breastedNuthatch, +; Yellow-throatedVireo, +, catcher,Corn. Crow, Corn. Grackle. Remarks: Fledgling Swainsoh's Warbler, +; Louisiana Waterthrush, + BlueJays and Great HornedOwls werefound. Although Total: 26 species;52 territorial males(855/km •, 354/100 a numberof specieschanged substantially in abundance acres).Remarks: One brood of ScreechOwls and several m comparisonwith last year, the most notablechange broods of Worm-eatingWarblers were found. Louis was the absenceof Scarlet Tanagers. -- M. CROT- Schweitzer,R. C. Stringer, JeannineAngerman and TEA U, C. DAL MOLIN, S. HALL (co-compiler},D. Caroline G. Newhall assisted on the census. -- E O KENNED Y, H. MUELLER, S. O'BR YAN, J. ROBIN- MELLINGER, Tiger, Ga. 30576. SON, P. SPIEGEL, J. WHITEHEAD, H. WILEY (co- 32. MIXED FOREST. -- Location:Ontario; Norfolk compiler}, H. WILSON, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Co., Cone. 3, Lots 15-16, South WalsinghamTwp, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N..C. 27514. 42ø40'N,80ø29'W. Continuity: New. Size: 10.1 ha = 25 30. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Location: acres,measured with steeltape and compass,square North Carolina;Orange Co., 4.5 mi N of ChapelHill on Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are N C Highway 86; Duke Natural Area; 35ø$9'N, White Oak (Quercusalba), Red Oak (Q. rubra) and Red 79ø04'W,Chapel Hill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Maple (Acerrubrum) whileWitch Hazel Ortamamehsvtr- Established1973; $ consecutiveyears. Size: 8.8 ha = 21.8 giniana)and Red Maple are mostabundant in the under- acres Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 27:1018-1019(1973). story.The plot is a basinwith higherground on all sides Weather: Severelycold winter and warm, dry springpre- exceptthe east. It was ankle deep in water during the cededcensus. Coverage: April 13, 20, 30; May 6, 12, 16; springand earlysummer but becamedry by fall. Ground June 4, 11, 18, 29; July 2, 9; 0615-0945. Total party- vegetationin the swampycentral part wasdominated by hours: 19.5. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 12 (136, 55); Aca- Royal Fern (Osmundaregalis) with severalother fern dian Flycatcher, 9 (102, 41); Ovenbird, 6.5 (74, 30); speciesalso common. Spring ephemeralswere common Wood Thrush,$ (57, 23); Red-belliedWoodpecker, 3 (34, on the drier edgesof the plot. Two speciesof treesgave a 14), Carolina Chickadee, 2.5; Scarlet Tanager, 2.5; southern aspect to the forest: Black Gum •yssa Tufted Titmouse, 2; N. Parula, 2; Louisiana Water- sylvatica)and Tulip-tree(Liriodendron tulipifera). A few thrush, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1.5; Carolina Wren, largeWhite Pine (Pinusstrobus) were scattered through 1 5, Cardinal, 1.5; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy Wood- the plot. An extensiveplanting of Red Pine(P. restnosa) pecker,1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; HoodedWarbler, to the west extended a short distance into the NW corner 0 5, Barred Owl, +; Blue Jay, +; Corn. Crow, +; White- on the high groundthere. The woodyvegetation was breastedNuthatch, +; Pine Warbler, +; Brown-headed sampledalong four of the surveyedlines at four-chain Cowbird,+; SummerTanager, +. Total: 24 species;54.5 intervalsand recordedin eight 0.05 acresubplots along territorial males (618/km 2, 250/100 acres). Visitors: eachof the four lines.The relativeimportance of the 42 Red-tailedHawk, Bobwhite,Mourning Dove, Blue-gray speciesencountered was calculatedby adding relative Gnatcatcher, Corn. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous- density,relative basal area and relativefrequency in the sided Towbee. Remarks: Four nests were located: Aca- 32 subplots.The more importantspecies are listedin the dian Flycatcher 1, Carolina Chickadee 1, Ovenbird 2. orderof importancewith the figuresafter each giving the The severewinter may havebeen the causeof the notable relativenumber, basal area and frequencyin that order decreasein Carolina Wrens (6.5 males last year). This Red Maple, 21, 16, 8; Witch Hazel, 27, 2, 7; White Oak, wasonly partly offsetby increasesin AcadianFlycatcher 1.4, 21, 5.5; Red Oak, 1.3, 18, 4.5; Beech(Fagus gran- and Ovenbird (6 and $ males last year, respectively). difolia), 5, 10, 7; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 2 6, Peripheralspecies appearing this year, rarely in past, 11, 5; White Pine, 2, 7, 5.5; Maple-leavedViburnum include Barred Owl, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, and Yellow- (Viburnum acerifolium), 8, 0.04, 6; Yellow Birch (Betula throated Vireo. -- MARK HUFF, CHARLIE SAUN- lutea),4, 3, 6.6; FloweringDogwood (Cornusfiorida), 6, DERS, JOHN HORN (compiler},Dept. of Botany, Duke 0.7, 5; Black Gum, 2.3, 3.4, 2.4; GreenAsh (F. pennsyl- Untv , Durham, N..C. 27706. vanica), 3.5, 0.4, 4.2; Grape (Vitis sp.), 3.7, 0.2, 2 4,
64 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Tulip-tree,0 6, 2 7, 2 1, SugarMaple (A saccharum), 3, and one on June 10, but becauseof the timing and the 1 3, 0 4, 3.4; Spicebush(Lindera benzoin), 1.6, 0.01, 2.4; scatterednature of the registrationsI did not count it as Hop Hornbeam(Ostrya virginiana), 1.4, 0.1, 2.4; Sas- a breeding bird. -- GEORGE FAIRFIELD and ERIC safrasalbidum, 1.1, 0.02, 2.6; and Red Pine, 0.5, 2.4, 0.3. NASMITH (compiler), 28 Donwoods Dr., Toronto, Red Oak had the greatestbasal area on 11 of the 32 Ontario, Canada M4N 2G1. subplots,with White Oak on 6, White Ash on 5, White Pine on 3, Beechand Red Maple on 2 eachand Tulip- 34. ASPEN-BIRCH FOREST. -- Location: Min- tree, Red Pine, and Black Gum on one each. Witch nesota; Carlton Co., in the Cloquet Forestry Center, Hazel wasthe mostnumerous component on 14 of the 32 Univ. of Minnesota, SE IA, Sec. 32, T49N, R17W, Iver- subplots,with Red Maple on 12, Beechon 2 and Black son Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 20 5 ha Gum, grape,Flowering Dogwood and Red Pine on one = 50.6 acres. Description of Plot: Aspen (Populus each Edge: The narrow, sandyaccess road lay about 60 tremuloidesand P. grandidentata)and Paper B•rch ft N of the N boundary;on the higher groundto the W (Betulapapyrtfera) are the dominanttree species,with wasa Red Pine plantationwhile mixed deciduous forest somescattered Red Pine (Pinus resinosa)present The was continuousto the S, and for about 100 yards E. standhas a heavyBeaked Hazel (Coryluscornuta) under- Topography:The sandyridges bordering the plot rise story. Edge: Bordered on the N and W by similar but about 20 to 30 ft aboveit, rather steeplyin places.The youngervegetation, on the S by a narrowstrip of planted wholeregion is in the Norfolk SandPlain whichslopes Red Pine, and on the E by anotherRed Pine plantation, gentlyN and E from Lake Erie at an elevationof about a shrubby (Alnus-Salix)lowland pocket, and some 570 ft Weather: After a very warm and dry May, June aspen-birch woodland. Topography: Essentially flat was rathe• rainy with more seasonabletemperatures. Elevation: 1250 ft. Coverage:May 31; June 1, 6-8, 16, Coverage:May 8-9, 28-29; June 4-5, 13-14, 21; mostly 0530-0930. Total man-hours: 17.5. Census: Ovenbird, 10 0600-0800 and 1800-2000but one trip to 2200. Total (48, 19.5); Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 9 (43, 18); Red-eyed man-hours: 50. Census: Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 6.5 Vireo, 8.5 (41, 17); Least Flycatcher,5 (24, 10); Veery, 4 (63, 26); E. Wood Pewee,4 (39, 16); Red-eyedVireo, 4; (19, 8); Mourning Warbler, 3.5 (17, 7); Red-breasted BlueJay, 3.5 (34, 14); WoodThrush, 3.5; Great Crested Nuthatch, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, Flycatcher,2.5; Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Am. Robin, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; ScarletTanager, 1; ChippingSpar- 2, Pine Warbler, 2; Veery, 1.5; Cedar Waxwing, 1.5; row, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,0.5; Blue Jay, 0.5; Nashville ScarletTanager, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse,1; Whip-poor-will, Warbler, 0.5; Blackburnian Warbler, 0.5; Black-billed 1, Hairy Woodpecker,1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Ceru- Cuckoo, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Great Crested lean Warbler, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Brown-headedCow- Flycatcher,+; Am. Robin, +; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, b•rd, 1, Mourning Dove, 0.5; PileatedWo9dpecker , 0.5; +. Total: 21 species;49 territorial males (234/km2, Corn Crow, 0.5; White-breasted Nuthatch, 0.5; Red- 97/100 acres). -- DEANNA K. DAWSON and JOHN R breastedNuthatch, 0.5; Ovenbird, 0.5; Indigo Bunting, PROBST, North Central Forest Experiment Statton, 0 5, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Great Horned Owl, +. Forest Service, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, Total: 28 species;45 territories(435/km 2, 180/100acres). Minn. 55108. Remarks: Ruffed Grouse with 10 and 8 downyyoung were found. Steven Price helped with the vegetation 35. MATURE ASPEN-NORTHERN HARDWOODS measurements. -- ERICA NOL, CHRIS RISLEY, FOREST. w Location: Minnesota; CassCo., on the Pike EDWARD RISLEE ANN RIVERS, J. MURRAY BayExperimental Forest, Chippewa National Forest, NE SPEIRS (compiler), PHIL TAYLOR, SCOTT TRA- V4of SE %, Sec.6, T144N, R30W; Pike Bay Quadrangle, QUAIR, Long Point Bird Observatory,Box 160, Port USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 17 ha = 42 acres.Descrip- Rowan, Ont., Canada NOE 1MO. tion of Plot: The dominant canopy speciesare aspen (Populustremuloides and P. grandidentata)and Sugar 33. WOODED CITY RAVINE. -- Location: Maple (Acersaccharum). Other canopy species include Ontario; York Co., Toronto, Moore Park Ravine, Basswood(Tilia americana), ash (Fraxinusnigra and F betweenMoore Ave. and Chorley Park; 43ø41•N, pennsylvanica),Yellow Birch(Betula alleghanlensls), and 79ø22•3ffW.Continuity: Established 1966; 8 intermit- an occasionalRed Pine (Pinus reslnosa).Sugar Maple tentyears. Size: 20 ha = 49.4acres. Description of Plot: seedlingsand saplingsare the most prominentcom- See/lB 25:993 (1971).Coverage: May 24, 28; June2-3, ponentsof the understory,with Red Maple (A. rubrum), 6-8, 10, 14, 17, 19, 28, 30; 0615-0800.Total man-hours: Mountain Maple (A. spicatum),and Ironwood(Ostrya 18 5 Weather:3 daysrainy, 2 dayscloudy, 8 dayssunny. virginiana)seedlings. Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Comus Averagetemperature 62øF. Census: Great Crested alterntfolia),Leatherwood (Dirca palustris) and service- Flycatcher,5 (24, 10); Blue Jay, 5; Am.Robin, 5; Wood berry(Amelanchier spp.) are alsopresent. Edge: Bor- Thrush,5; Corn.Grackle, 4 (20,8); Cardinal,4; Indigo deredon the E andW bysimilar cover, and on the N and Bunting,4; DownyWoodpecker, 2; Ee WoodPewee, 2; Sby a youngerhardwood forest. Topography: Essentially GrayCatbird, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Red-wingedBlack- flat. Elevation: 1400 ft. Coverage:May 26, 29; June4-5, b•rd,2; N. Oriole,2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Mourn- 13,20-21; 0600-1000. Total man-hours:17. Census: Red- mg Dove,1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Starling,1; eyedVireo, 17 (98, 40); Ovenbird, 11 (63, 26); Least Fly- SongSparrow, 1. Total:18 species;50 territorialmales catcher,4 (23, 10);Black-throated Green Warbler, 3 (17, (245/km2, 101/100acres). Remarks: The IndigoBunt- 7);Veery, 2; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 1.5; Hairy Wood- ragsreturned to 2 territoriesfrom last year; the Com. pecker,1; GreatCrested Flycatcher, 1; Yellow-throated Fhckerwas lost as a breedingbird after 6 continuous Vireo, 1; N. Parula, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; E. Wood years,the SongSparrow continued its downwardtrend; Pewee,0.5; Black-capped Chickadee, 0..5; Broad-winged theGray Catbird returned after an absenceof twoyears; Hawk, +; PileatedWoodpecker, +; BlueJay, +; Black- 8 registrationsof SwainsoWs Thrush occurred up to June burnian Warbler, +; Brown Creeper,+; Am. Redstart,
Volume32, Number 1 65 +, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, + Total: 20 species,44 5 consecutiveyears Size: 9 3 ha = 23 acresDescription of territorial males (2S6/km2, 106/100 acres).--DEANNA Plot: See AB 28:1005-1006 (1974). Weather: Tem- K DAWSON and JOHN R. PROBST, North Central peratures28-68øF; max. wind 12 mph. Heavyovercast on ForestExperiment Station, Forest Service, USDA, 1992 twotrips with slightrain, otherwiseclear skies. Coverage: Folwell Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 55108. April 17, 20, 29; May 10, 12, 14, 17, 24, 26; June14, 17, 20; July1; 0525-0800,EDT. Total man-hours:17.5 Cen- 36. UPLAND MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- Location: sus: Starling, 11 (116, 48); Cardinal, 8 (84, 35); Com Wisconsin; Waukesha Co., Falk Woods Nature Conser- Flicker, 7 (74, 30); SongSparrow, 4.5 (47, 20); Ring- vancyArea, 3 mi S of Waukesha, 2.5 mi S of intersection neckedPheasant, 4 (42, 17); Blue Jay,4; Am. Robin, 4, of County Highways A and F; 42ø56•N, 88ø14'W, Red-wingedBlackbird, 3.5 (37, 15); Red-headedWood- MuskegoQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size:5.4 pecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker,3 (32, 13); Great Crested ha = 13.3 acres(quadrangular, E side,193 m; S, 390 m; Flycatcher,3; Com. Crow, 2; Tufted Titmouse,2; House W, 83 m; N boundedby a footpath,approx. 405 m; plan- Wren, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Com lmeteredfrom aerial surveymap). Descriptionof Plot: Grackle, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Canada The major portion of the plot (about 90%) is a mesic Goose,1; Mallard, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. Wood forestapproaching climax with the exceptionof a small Pewee,1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Red-eyedVireo, area that was a clearinguntil about 1S or 20 yearsago 1; Ovenbird, 1; Bobwhite,+; SpottedSandpiper, +, and ts now overgrowninto speciessuch as Hawthorn Killdeer, +; Black-cappedChickadee, +; Yellow War- (Crataegusspp.), sumac (Rhus glabra), and Bigtooth bler, +. Total: 31 species;78 territorialmales (820/km :, Aspen (Populusgrandidentata). The dominantcanopy 339/100 acres).Remarks: Nests found: Com. Crow, 2, treesare SugarMaple (Acer saccharum),N. Red Oak Canada Goose,1; Com. Flicker, 1; Starling,1. Young (Quercusborealis), and White Ash (Frcocinusamericana). seen included 16 Mallard and 1 Am. Robin. General Most prominentin the understoryare SugarMaple and decreasein the number of singingmales (from 88 m E Hophornbeam(Ostrya virginiana). The groundcover 1976),particularly in the morecommon species, might be is primarily May-apple (Podophyllumpeltatum), Tril- due in part to the severewinter, howeverthe Cardinalhas humgrandifiorum, and Sugar Maple seedlings. A quan- increasedover 1976. Severalspecies were missingthis titativesurvey of thevegetation based on a quarter-point year, notably Am. Kestrel, E. Kingbird, Veery, Scarlet surveyof 50 pointsgave the followingresults: Trees 3-in. Tanager and Indigo Bunting. Yellow Warbler was the diameter and over, 166/acre; total basal area, 1S1 ft2/ only new speciesrecorded. Thanks to Allen Chartier, acre Speciescomprising 90ø7o of the total number of Ellie Cox, Esther Cusick and Elaine Drife without whose trees Sugar Maple, 55, 33, 45, 26; E. Hophornbeam,26, assistancethis censuswould not havebeen completed 16, 4, 16; N. Red Oak, 25, 1S, 27, 16; White Ash, 17, 10, We also wish to extend our thanks to Southfield Civic 8, 14, Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), 13, 8, 7, 10; Center for their continuing support. -- BETTY Black Cherry (Prunusserotina), 10, 6, 2, 7; Bigtooth CHALLIS, OaklandAudubon Society, 2335 Ponttac Lk Aspen,8, 5, 1, 3. Treesby diametersize class and shrub Rd., Pontiac, Mich. 48054. stems/acreN/A; groundcover 55%; canopycover 80%; average canopy height 60 ft (range 25-75). Edge: 38. OAK-HICKORY-MAPLE FOREST. -- Loca- Borderedon E side by a wide grassyroadside, $ by hay tion: Illinois; McLean Co., Moraine View State Park, 3 meadow,W by similar forest, N by wet lowland mixed mi S of Ellsworth; T22N, R4E, SE %, Sec 34, Arrow- woods.Topography: A relativelysteep north-facing slope smithQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1976 of a moraine ridge. Elevation: 855-930 ft. Weather: Nor- Size: 13 ha = 32 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 31 43 mal temperatures(45-90øF) and precipitationfollowing (1977). Coverage:June 13, 15, 17-19;0600-0900. Total an abnormallyhot and dry month.Coverage: June 4, 12, man-hours:14. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 3 (23, 9), Red- 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27; July3, 6; 0530-1000except one trip bellledWoodpecker, 2; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2, E 1530-1715. Total man-hours: 20. Census: Red-eyed Wood Pewee,2; AcadianFlycatcher, 2; HouseWren, 2, Vtreo, 4 (73, 30); DownyWoodpecker, 2; Great Crested Am. Robin, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Cardinal, 2, Am Flycatcher,2; Gray Catbird, 2; BrownThrasher, 2; Am. Woodcock, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Red-headed Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Corn. Woodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy Wood- Fhcker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1; Black- pecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; White- capped Chickadee, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; breastedNuthatch, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Ovenbird, 1, House Wren, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Kentucky Warbler, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1, 1, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Blue- Indigo Bunting,1; Whip-poor-will,+; Corn.Flicker, +, w•ngedWarbler, +; N. Oriole, +; Indigo Bunting,+. Corn. Grackle, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 26 Total: 21 species; 28 territorial males or females species;32 territorial males (242/km2, 100/100 acres) (509/km2, 211/100 acres).Visitors: Acadian Flycatcher, Remarks: Use of area by many foraging grackles Am Crow, Starling,Bobolink, Savannah Sparrow, Field increasedutilization by birdsbut did not affectnesting Sparrow.Remarks: 1 Am. Robin nestlocated. Fledglings density.The nestingpopulation was similar to that of noted Blue Jay and Black-cappedChickadee. Special 1976except Carolina Wren, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, and thanksto David $teingraeberfor the quantitativehabitat Rufous-sidedTowhee were absent,and Hairy Wood- descriptionand CharlesWeise for generalassistance. -- pecker appeared. -- DALE BIRKENHOLZ, Illinois VERNON D. AUNE, S. 13 W. 22167 Ridge Road, State Univ., Normal, Ill. 61761. Waukesha, W•. 53186. 39. UPLAND DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Location: 37. MATURE MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Illinois;Jackson Co., 3 mi ESE of Makandaat SW tip of Location: Michigan; Oakland Co., Southfield Civic Little GrassyLake; 37ø36'N,89ø09'3if'W, Makanda (not Center Nature Area; 42ø30'N, 83ø15'W, Royal Oak Lick Creek,as reported 1976) Quadrangle, USGS Con- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1974; 4 tinuity: Established 1976. Size: 6.15 ha = 15.2 acres
66 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Description of Plot: See AB 31 44 (1976) Weather: Downy Woodpecker, 1, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1, E Warmer, drier than normal.Coverage: May 22, 29; June Wood Pewee, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Ken- 5, 7, 14-16, 23; 0500-0700. Total man-hours: 15. Census: tuckyWarbler, 1; N. Oriole,1; Cardinal,1; IndigoBunt- Wood Thrush,4 (64, 26); AcadianFlycatcher, 3 (48, 20); ing, 1; Great HornedOwl, +; Tufted Titmouse,+; Red- Kentucky Warbler, 3; Brown-headed Cowbird, 3 eyedVireo, +. Total: 26 species;44 territorialmales or (females);E. Wood Pewee,2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Blue- females (398/km 2, 161/100 acres). Visitors: White- gray Gnatcatcher, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker,1.5; breastedNuthatch, Am. Robin, Com. Grackle, Summer Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Tanagerand Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: The plot con- DownyWoodpecker, 1; CarolinaChickadee, 1; Red-eyed tinued to changewith yearlydraining of two waterfowl Vxreo,1; N. Parula, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush, 1; Scarlet managementmarshes to the W and droughtconditions Tanager,1; SummerTanager, 1; PileatedWoodpecker, The sedgemarsh in the W cornerwas being encroached 0 5, Blue Jay, 0.5; White-breastedNuthatch, 0.5; Barred upon by new Pin Oak forest growth. Meanwhile,the Owl, +; Hairy Woodpecker,+; Worm-eatingWarbler, aspen(which was missedin the selectionof the random +, Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 24 species;31.5 ter- vegetationsamples in 1974)on the E sideof the marsh rltor•al birds (501/km 2, 207/100 acres). Remarks: Total had stoppedannual productionof saplings.The Song numberof territorialbirds was only 68% of last year. and Swamp Sparrow territorieson the marsh area •n CarohnaWrens were completelyeliminated during the 1974 were gone in 1977. Six speciesshowed drastic w•nter Kentucky Warblers went down from 6 to 3. -- declinesfrom 1974 levels; E. Wood Pewee,N. Omole, MICHAEL D. MORRISON, Southern Illinois Bird Downy Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse, Cardinal and Observatory,P.O. Box 2471, Carbondale,IlL 62901. Red-eyedVireo. The Brown Thrasherwas not detected Changingconditions were apparentlygood for the new 40. BLACK OAK-SASSAFRAS WOODS. -- Loca- appearanceof Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Wood Thrush, tion: Indiana; Porter Co., 1.5 mi E intersectionof Rts. 49 Ovenbirdand Indigo Bunting.Although the Veery ter- and 12, within Indian Dunes National Lakeshore, ritoriesdropped by onlyone, the WoodThrush may be crossedby tarredcountry road and lightly-usedbridle replacingthem slowly.One Wood Thrush territorywas path, 41ø39'N,87ø02'W, Dune AcresQuadrangle, located between two closelyplaced Veery territories, and USGS Continuity:Established 1974; 4 consecutive twoother Wood Thrushes had territories on the edgeof years Size:22.22 ha = 54.9 acres.Deseriptlon of Plot: the plot. One of the nearby Wood Thrush territories Burnedover (1971) wooded dune and sand prairies area replaced a Veery's found in 1974. -- EDWARD M makingstrong post-fire recovery. Some areas impen- HOPKINS, 1185 WindsorDrive, West Lafayette,Ind etrable now becauseof suckersand dead branches.Park 47906. has removedsome large dead trees.See AB 28:6 1007 42. MIXED HARDWOOD REGENERATING. -- (1974) Weather: Extremelysevere winter reducedres- •dentb•rd population. Late frosts and extremedrought Location:Ohio; Fairfield Co., Bern Township, 1 mi W of •n May cutberry crops. Coverage: March 26-July 23; 28 Sugar Grove and 6 mi S of Lancaster; 82ø30'W, traps usually before 0900 hours. Total man-hours: 68. 39ø37'30•N,NE/4 LancasterQuadrangle, USGS. Con- Census:Rufous-sided Towhee, 10 (44, 18); Gray Catbird, tinuity: Established 1976. Size: 20.2 ha = 50 acres 9 (40, 16); Field Sparrow,8 (35, 15); BrownThrasher, 6 Deserlpttonof Plot: SeeAB 31:45 (1977). Weather: Nor- (26, 11);Com. Flicker, 2; Red-headedWoodpecker, 2; mal. Coverage:May 17-June16; 9 trips, majority0700- Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; HouseWren, 2; Golden- 0900.Total man-hours:27. Census:Wood Thrush,9 (44, w•ngedWarbler, 2; Com.Yellowthroat, 2; Mourning 18); Red-eyedVireo, 5 (25, 10); AcadianFlycatcher, 4 Dove, 1; TuftedTitmouse, 1; Veery,1; Blue-winged (20, 8); Ovenbird,4; White-breastedNuthatch, 3 (15, 6), Warbler,1; N. Oriole,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Indigo Kentucky Warbler, 3; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Carohna Bunting,1. Total: 17species; 52 territories(229/km 2, 95/ Chickadee,2; Cardinal, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2, 100acres). Remarks: Nest located: Field Sparrow. Nest- Pileated Woodpecker,1; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 1, •ng statusuncertain: ubiquitous cowbirds, Am. Robin, Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Great Red-eyedVireo, Am. Goldfinch.I hopereduced migrant CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Tufted Titmouse,1; Blue•gray b•rdpopulation is a functionof thedrought. My thanks Gnatcatcher, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Blackwand- to JamesB. Hammondfor help given.--EMMA B. white Warbler, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; N. Parula, PITCHER, 1159E. 56thSt., Chicago,Ill. 6063Z 1; Hooded Warbler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1. Total: 23 species;49 territorial males (242/km2, 98/100 acres) 41. POORLY DRAINED MIXED OAK FOREST. -- Remarks:• Nests found: 2 AcadianFlycatchers, 1 Downy Location:Indiana, NewtonCo. Willow SloughFish and Woodpecker,1 Wood Thrush, 1 Red-eyedVireo. The Wfldhfe Area, 4.5 mi NW of Morocco; 40ø59'2TN, Carolina Wren populationwas practically nonexistent 87ø31'0øfW,Donovan, Ill.-Ind., Quadrangle,USGS. (onewas heard once).We think the very severewinter Continuity:Established 1974; 2 intermittentyears. Size: killed them. Most specieswere down to about one half of 11 05 ha = 27.3 acres. Description of Plot: See AB lastyear's totals. -- ANN BINGAMAN (compiler),TOM 28 1008(1974). Ind. Aud. Quart. 53,'96(1975) Weather: WOOD, ESTHER REICHELDERFER, GRANVILLE Unusallyhot and dry throughout period. Coverage: May SMITH, JIM FRY and TOM THOMSON, Ohio Histor- 21, 30, June1, 5, 14, 18-19,25-26; July 20-21; 7 trips, ical Society, 1982 Velma Avenue, Columbus, Ohto 0455-0800and 4 trips, 1620-2020.Total man-hours:15. 43211. Census:Corn. Yellowthroat,6 (54, 22); Rufous-sided 43. MIXED MESOPHYTIC FOREST. -- Location: Towhee,4 (36, 15); Yellow-billedCuckoo, 3 (27, 11); Ohio; Pike Co., Pike Lake State Park, 7 mi NW of Corn Flicker,3; BlueJay, 3; GrayCatbird, 3; Veery,3; Morgantown;39ø10'30•N, 83ø12ø12'30'W, Morgantown Hairy Woodpecker,2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Scar- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1976. Size: let Tanager,2; ScreechOwl, 1; Whip-poor-will,1; Red- 101.2ha = 250 acres.Deseriptlon of Plot: SeeAB 31 45- bellled Woodpecker,1; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; 46 (1977).Edge: Bordered on all sidesby similarforest
Volume 32, Number 1 67 Topography:Smooth h•gh rolhng hfils Elevation: 754- OhioDept of NaturalResources for perm•sslonto make 1237 ft. Weather: Very hot and humid with tem- this study.-- STEVEN R. BEISSINGER and DIANA L peratures between 95-100øF. It rained on two days. ADAMS, Dept. of Zoology,Miami University,Oxford, Coverage:June 19; July 16-23; 0800-2300. Total man- Ohio 45056. hours: 40. Census:Am. Robin, 12 (12, 5); Chipping Sparrow,9 (9, 4); Wood Thrush, 7.5 (7, 3); Red-eyed V•rco,7.5; Corn.Grackle, 6.5 (6, 3); Turkey Vulture, 6 (6, 2), Barn Swallow,6; Barred Owl, 5 (5, 2); HouseSpar- 45. VIRGIN SCRUB OAK FOOTHILLS. -- Loca- row, 5; Mourning Dove, 4.5 (4, 2); Acadian Flycatcher, tion: Oklahoma;Osage Co., from intersectionU S 60 4 5, Purple Martin, 4.5; ChimneySwift, 4 (4, 2); Cedar and Okla. 123, 5 mi W and 2% mi SW; 96ø06'N,36 ø Waxwing,4; Yellow-throatedWarbler, 4; DownyWood- 44'W, WoolarocQuadrangle, 7.5 min. seriesUSGS, SW pecker,3.5 (3, 1); E. WoodPewee, 3.5; ScarletTanager, % of SE quarter of Sec. 10-26-11. Continuity: Estab- 3 5, Am. Goldfinch, 3.5; ScreechOwl, 3 (3, 1); White- lished 1975; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 16.19 ha = 40 breastedNuthatch, 3; Ovenbird,3; Red-wingedBlack- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 29:1098 (1975) bird, 3; Carolina Chickadee, 2.5; Gray Catbird, 2.5; Weather: Dry mild springfollowing very dry winter Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Com. Flicker, 2; Pileated Coverage:April 11, 25; May 2, 5, 9, 16, 23, 31; June7, Woodpecker, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Great 15. One afternoontrip, all othersdawn-1000, CT Total CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Com. Crow, 2; Starling,2; N. man-hours:21. Census:Great Crested Flycatcher, 5 (31, Parula, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; N. Oriole, 2; 13);Field Sparrow, 5; Bewick'sWren, 4 (25, 10),Black- Indigo Bunting, 2; Whip-poor-will, 1.5; Least Fly- and-whiteWarbler, 4; Brown-headedCowbird, 4, catcher, 1.5; Tufted Titmouse,1.5; Blue-grayGnat- Yellow-billedCuckoo, 3 (19, 8); Tufted Titmouse,3, catcher,1.5; Warbling Vireo, 1.5; Yellow Warbler, 1.5; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; BrownThrasher, 2, Blue- Cardinal, 1.5; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1.5; Red-tailed gray Gnatcatcher,2; Cardinal, 2; CarolinaChickadee, Hawk, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Ruby-throatedHum- 1.5;Bobwhite, 1; MourningDove, 1; Red-belliedWood- mingbird,1; BeltedKingfisher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Yellow- pecker,1; Blue Jay, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1, Red- breastedChat, 1; KentuckyWarbler, 1; Am. Redstart, wingedBlackbird, 1; SummerTanager, 1; PaintedBunt- 0 5 Total: 52 species;162.5 territorial males(161/km 2, ing, 1; ChippingSparrow, 1; Com. Flicker, 0.5, Lark 65/100 acres).Remarks: Nests found: Purple Martin (3), Sparrow,0.5; Great HornedOwl, +; Chuck-will's-w•dow, Am Robin (1), Cedar Waxwing (1), HouseSparrow (1), +; PileatedWoodpecker, +; E. Bluebird,+; White-eyed Red-wingedBlackbird (1). Specialthanks to Marty Hall Vireo, +. Total: 28 species;47.5 territorialmales (293/ for help in callingin owls.-- CLIFFCATHERS, 24 Gre- km:, 119/100acres). Remarks: One ChippingSparrow ctan Ave., Trotwood, Ohio 45426. nestwas found. The woodpeckerpopulation was down, 44. VIRGIN BEECH-MAPLE FOREST. -- Loca- no Red-headedor Downy Woodpecker,no Carohna tion: Ohio; Preble Co., HuestonWoods State Park, 4 mi Wren. Birds seemedless vocal this year. No domestic N of Oxford near the intersection of Brown and Main animalsgrazed the plot althoughthey had in previous Loop Roads; E V2, SE ¬ Sect. 34, T6N, R1E, College years. -- DOTTY M. GOARD, P.O. Box 591, Bartlesville, Okla. 74003. Corner Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973, 5 consecutiveyears. Size: 6.1 ha = 15 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 28:1009-1010 (1974). Weather: Early May wasunseasonably cold but followed 46. DECIDUOUS - CONIFEROUS SECOND- by shghtlywarmer-than-usual temperatures. Spring was GROWTH NORTHWOODS. -- Location:Vermont, unseasonablydry. Coverage:May 7-8, 13-16, 19, 21-22, WashingtonCo., SW cornerCabot; 44ø23'N, 72ø23'W, 28, 30-31; June4; 0530-0900. Total: 30 man-hours.Cen- PlainfieldQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Estabhshed sus:Red-eyed Vireo, 10.5(173, 70); AcadianFlycatcher, 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: 15 ha = 37 acres 9 (148, 60); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 9; CeruleanWarbler, Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:957-8(1972). Coverage: 7 5 (124, 50); Cardinal, 4.5 (74, 30); Red-headed Wood- April 28-June4; 26 early morningtrips. Total man- pecker,2.5; Tufted Titmouse,2.5; Yellow-breastedNut- hours:31. Weather:Temperature range 26-60øF (aver- hatch, 2.5; Wood Thrush, 2.5; Ovenbird, 2.5; Brown- age44ø); 75ø7o dear. An abnormallydry spring.Census: headedCowbird, 2.5; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; Great White-throatedSparrow, 7 (47, 19); Veery, 5 (33, 14), CrestedFlycatcher, 2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Yellow-billed Ovenbird,5; NashvilleWarbler, 3 (20, 8); SongSparrow, Cuckoo,1.5; DownyWoodpecker, 1.5; ScarletTanager, 3; Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Black- 1 5, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; and-whiteWarbler, 2; Magnolia Warbler, 2; Yellow- Pfieated Woodpecker, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; Gray rumpedWarbler, 2; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 2; Canada Catbird, 1; Starling,1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Ken- Warbler, 2; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Red-breastedNuthatch, tucky Warbler, 1; HouseSparrow, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Black-throated Great Horned Owl, 0.5; Barred Owl, 0.5; Blue Jay, 0.5; Blue Warbler, 1; Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 1, Com Crow, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, +. Total: 32 BlackburnianWarbler, 1; MourningWarbler, 1, Corn species;78 territorial males or females(1285/km 2, 520/ Yellowthroat,1; ChippingSparrow, 1; Hermit Thrush, 100 acres):Remarks: Nests •br Red-headedWoodpecker 0.5. Total: 23 species;47.5 territorial males(317/kin 2, (2), Starling, Red-eyedVireo and House Sparrowwere 128/100 acres).Visitors: Blue Jay, Brown Creeper, found. No CarolinaWrens were present as the preceding Ruby-crownedKinglet, Solitary Vireo, Am. Redstart, winter destroyedthe local population. Densitiesof ter• Purple Finch. Remarks:Eight nestswere found Red- ntor•al maleswere the lowestof the 5 previousyears with breastedNuthatch, 1; Am. Robin, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, populationsof Tufted Titmouseand CarolinaChickadee 1; Ovenbird, 1; Magnolia Warbler, 1 (including one dropping 60 and 75% below normal. Thanks to Tom cowbirdegg); White-throated Sparrow, 1; SongSparrow, Runyahand DorothyBehlen for field assistanceand the 1. --BARBARA CARPENTER,Marsh field, Vt. 05658
68 AmericanB•rds, January 1978 47. MAPLE-PINE-OAK SECOND-GROWTH FOR- storm bent, broke, or toppled many large and small EST. --Location: Massachusetts;Norfolk Co., Town of trees, creatingnew canopybreaks. Specialthanks to Jim Foxboro conservation land, off Willow and East Streets; Cavanaughfor his help.--ANDREWMAGEE, 34 Hob- 42ø04'N, 71ølY30•W, Mansfield Quadrangle, USGS. sonSt., Springfield,Mass. 01109. Continuity:Established 1976. Size: 11.8 ha = 29.2 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 31:50-51(1977). Weather: 49. UPLAND MIXED PINE-SPRUCE-HARD- For nearby Bostonthe temperaturefor May was 4øF WOOD PLANTATION. -- Location: New York, abovenormal, for June0.6 ø below; rainfall in May was AlleganyCo., on the S sideof BrownRd., near its inter- 0 05 inches above normal, for June 0.7 inches below. sectionwith the Vandermark Rd., in the town of Ward, Approximately8 in. of snowfell on May 10. Coverage: 3.5 mi W of Alfred, 42ø7'30"N,77ø45'W; Andover Quad- May 4, 17-18, 22, 24, 26-27; June 7-9, 13-14; July 5; rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1974; 4 con- 0600-1115. Total man-hours: 26. Census: Ovenbird, 6 secutiveyears. Size: 16.6 ha = 41 acres.Description of (51,21); Blue Jay,5 (42, 17); Black-cappedChickadee, 4 Plot: SeeAB 28:699(1974). Weather: Alfred Cooperative (34, 14); Gray Catbird, 4; Veery,4; ScarletTanager, 4; Weather Station data indicate that precipitationduring White-breasted Nuthatch, 3 (25, 10); Black-and-white May, Juneand Julywas near normal. Averagemean daily Warbler, 3; Com. Yellowthroat, 3; Corn. Grackle, 3; temperaturesduring Juneand Julywere within normal Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3; Wood Thrush, 2.5; Tufted Tit- rangebut May wasa full 10øFwarmer than the 57-year mouse, 2; Bloc-winged Warbler, 2; Yellow-billed average.Coverage: May 20, 25; June1, 7, 13, 18;July 12, Cuckoo,1; Black-billedCuckoo, 1; DownyWoodpecker, 17, 23, 30; 0900-1145, EDT. Total man-hours: 16. Cen- 1, Am. Robin, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Nashville sus: Black-throated Green Warbler, 13 (78, 32); Black- Warbler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Cardinal, 1; Field Sparrow, 1; burnJanWarbler, 12 (72, 29); Magnolia Warbler, 10 (60, Com Flicker, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Great 24); Dark-eyed Junco, 7 (42, 17); Blue Jay, 4 (24, 10), CrestedFlycatcher, 0.5; Red-eyedVireo, 0.5; Broad- Black-cappedChickadee, 4; Golden-crownedKinglet, 4, wingedHawk, +. Total: 28 species;59.5 territorialmales Ovenbird,4; SolitaryVireo, 3 (18, 7); Corn.Yellowthroat, or females (504/km 2, 204/100 acres). Remarks: Brown- 3; BrownCreeper, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Brown-headedCow- headed Cowbirds and a pair of Wood Ducks were bird (females),2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Chipping Sparrow, observedtwice. The April aerialspraying of the mosquito 2; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy larvlcldefenthion of the pastfive years was discontinued Woodpecker, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red- thisspring. The 7-year-oldtrees and shrubsof the 1-acre breastedNuthatch, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Veery, 1; Cedar field were cut in May. This correlatedwith the disap- Waxwing, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Canada War- pearanceof the pair of BrownThrashers that had nested bier, 1; Cardinal, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Red-shouldered there for several years. The severe winter and/or Hawk, +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; Great CrestedFly- Goshawkpredation may accountfor the disappearance catcher, +; House Wren, +. Total: 31 species;86 ter- of Ruffed Grouse.-- WILLIAM E. DAVIS, JR.. College ritorial males (518/km 2, 210/100 acres). Remarks: 1 of BastcStudies, Boston Univ., Boston,Mass. 02215. Black-cappedChickadee nest was found. There was a 48. CLIMAX HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FOREST, 20% declinein territorial malesfrom the all-time high in WITH TRANSITION HARDWOODS. -- Location: 1976. Appreciation is extended to Gaylord Rough for Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White Memorial Founda- weather data. --ELIZABETH W. BROOKS, Water tion, Litchfield; 41043'20"N,73ø12'W, Litchfield Quad- WellsRd., Alfred Station, N.Y. 14803. rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1965; 11 inter- mittent years.Size: 10.52 ha = 26 acres.Deseriptlon of 50. MOUNTAIN TOP, MIXED HARDWOOD AND Plot: SeeAFN 19:594-595(1965). Coverage:June 3-5, 7, WHITE PINE FOREST. -- Location: Pennsylvania, 9, 14, 0500-1900. Total man-hours: 20.5. Census:Black- WestmorelandCo. 10 mi SSW of Ligonier, 6 mi S of burman Warbler, 14 (133, 54); Ovenbird, 9.5 (90, 37); Laughlintownin ForbesState Forest on the top of Laurel Veery, 8 (76, 31); Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 6.5 (62, Mountain; 40ø07'18"N,79ø10'47", BakersvilleQuad- 25), Red-breastedNuthatch, 6 (57, 23); SolitaryVireo, 5 rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 4 con- (48, 19); ScarletTanager, 5; Red-eyedVireo, 4.5 (43, 17); secutiveyears. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres.Description of Brown Creeper,4 (38, 15); Blue Jay, 3 (29, 12); Great Plot: SeeAB 28:101455 (1974).Weather: sunny,except Crested Flycatcher, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 2; for one rainy day; mostlywarm and clear. Coverage:June Wood Thrush,2; PurpleFinch, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4-5, 7, 11-12; 0500-0930, 1200-1300, and 1700-1930 2, Com. Flicker, 1.5; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Barred Total party-hours:17.5. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 7 (115, Owl, 1, Hairy Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; E. 47); Ovenbird, 3.5 (58, 23); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3 (49, Wood Pewee, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; 20); Dark-eyed Junco,2.5; Veery, 2; Solitary Vireo, 2, White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Black-and- Canada Warbler, 2; ScarletTanager, 2; Black-throated white Warbler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Pileated Blue Warbler, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1, Woodpecker,0.5; Gray Catbird, +; Com. Yellowthroat, Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Com. Yellowthroat, 1, +, N Oriole, +; Cardinal,+; SongSparrow, +. Total: 33 ChippingSparrow, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; Com species;88.5 territorial males(841/km 2, 340/100 acres). Crow, +; Black-cappedChickadee, +; House Wren, +, Remarks:Total numbersrose a surprising20% from the Chestnut-sidedWarbler, +; Indigo Bunting,+; Total: 20 previousyear to a record high for this censusarea, species;30.5 territorial males (502/km 2, 203/100 acres) despite the loss of Canada Warblers, White-throated Visitors: Blue Jay, Gray Catbird, Wood Thrush, Sparrows, House and Winter Wrens and N. Water- Magnolia Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler thrush The largest gains were BlackburnianWarbler Remarks: Female Ruffed Grouse with brood of 12 from 9 to 14 (the greatestdensity of any speciesrecorded flushed from plot. -- R. CARRELL ABBOTT (com- on this plot); Red-breastedNuthatch (from 2 to 6); and piler), Audubon Societyof WesternPennsylvania, Pttts- Red-eyedVireo (from 1 to 4.5). A March snow-and-ice burgh,Pa. 15213.
Volume 32, Number 1 69 51. OAK-PINE FOREST. -- Location: West Vir- groundcover 43%, canopycover 83%, averagecanopy ginia, MonroeCo. 0.5 mi E of Waiteville;starts at height55 ft (range43-85). Edge: Bordered on all sidesby 37ø28'35•N,80ø24'40•W and extendsESE; Waiteville similar habitat. Topography:Steep, west-facingslope Quadrangle,USGS. Continulty: New. Slze: 6.07 ha = 15 Elevation: 2300-2450 ft. W•ther: Cool and dry with fog acres(rectangular, length measured, width estimated). mostmornings. Coverage: June 4-7; dawn-800or 1900- Descrlptlonof Hot: A mixedforest last logged before 2100.Total party-hours:7. Census:Acadian Flycatcher, 1925 The dominantcanopy trees are ChestnutOak 2; Am. Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; E. Wood Pewee,1 5, •Quercusprinus) and Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pun- Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Carolina Chickadee,1, gens)Most prominent in theunderstory are blueberries Tufted Titmouse, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Blue-grayGnat- (Vacciniumsp.), Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia), and catcher,1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1, Azaleasp. The groundcover is primarilythe smaller Cerulean Warbler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Scarlet Tanager, blueberries,some Teaberry (Gaultheria procurebens), 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1, andGalax aphilla. A quantitativevegetation survey of six Black-and-whiteWarbler, 0.5; Whip-poor-will,+, Least 0 1 acresamples gives: Trees 3 in. dbh and over468/ Flycatcher,+; White-breastedNuthatch, +; Ovenbird, acre,total basal area 139.5 ft2/acre. Species comprising +; ChippingSparrow, +. Total: 22 species;20 territorial 92% of the total numberof trees:Chestnut Oak, 173, 37, males or females (329/km 2, 133/100 acres). Visitors: 42, 100;Black Oak (Q. velutina),27, 6, 4, 83; Scarlet Com. Crow, PileatedWoodpecker, Brown-headed Cow- Oak•Q. coccinea), 23, 5, 11,83; Red Oak •Q. rubra), 18, bird. Remarks:One woodpewee nest was found. Chick- 4, 3, 50;Table Mountain Pine, 63, 14,20, 67; Red Maple adees,nuthatches and gnatcatcherswere seen with young (Acer rubrum), 32, 7, 5, 83; Sourwood(Oxydendrum out of the nest. -- BOB HOSTOTTLE and ANNE arborcure),30, 6, 4, 50; deadtrees, 62, 13, 8, 100.Trees EDDY (compiler), Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood bydiameter size class: A (3-6in.) 255, 55, 25.5, 18; B (6-9 Ave., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. in ) 122,26, 36.6,26; C (9-15in.) 87, 19,69.3, 50; D (15- 21 in ) 2, 1, 3, 2; E (21-27in.) 2, 1, 5.2, 4. Shrubstems/ 53. OAK-HNE-HICKORY FOREST. -- Location: acre 16,000;ground cover 33%; canopycover 86%; West Virginia; Hardy Co., 5 mi NW from Mathias, averagecanopy height 55 ft (range50-63). Edge: The for- 38ø55'35"N, 78ø56'31"W,Lost River State Park Quad- estcontinues on all sides.Topography: The centerline rangle, USGS; extendsN curvingW. Continuity: New followsa narrowridge from elevation 2425 to 2495ft. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 yds, TheN edgeis 50-75 ft lowerwhile the S edge is less than length measured,width estimated).Description of Plot: 40 ft lowerthan the centerline.Weather: Warm and dry. A mixed forest undisturbed since 1940. The dominant Coverage:May 19-22;13 trips, dawn-0900 and one even- canopytrees are Table Mountain Pine (pinuspungens), lngtrip. Total party-hours: 10. Census: Ovenbird, 4 (66, Red Oak (Quercusrubra), and ChestnutOak (Q. pr•nus) 27), Red-eyedVireo, 3.5 (58, 23);Tufted Titmouse, 2; Prominent in the understoryare blueberry (vacctn- Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; PineWarbler, 2; ScarletTan- ium sp.), Scrub Oak (Q. ilicifolia), and Black Locust ager,2; HoodedWarbler, 1.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, (Roblnlapseudo-acacia). The groundcover is mostlythe 1, E WoodPewee, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Rufous- smaller blueberrieswith Goldenrod (Solidagoereeta), sided Towhee, 1; Broad-wingedHawk, +; Ruffed Pussytoes(Antennaria vlrginica), and a few ferns and Grouse,+; Turkey,+; Yellow-billedCuckoo, +; Pileareal grasses.A quantitativevegetation survey of six 0.1 acre Woodpecker,+; HairyWoodpecker, +; Corn.Crow, +; samplesgives: Trees 3 in. dbh and over 382/acre, total Wbate-breastedNuthatch, +; Worm-eatingWarbler, +. basal area 109.2 ft2/acre.Species comprising 91% of the Total:20 species; 21 territorial males (346/km •, 140/100 total number of trees:Red Oak, 80, 21, 25, 100; Chestnut acres).-- GEORGE HURLEY (compiler),NEVADA Oak, 93, 24, 25, 100; Table Mountain Pine, 58, 15, 26, LAITSCH, and other members,Brooks Bird Club, 707 67; Pitch Pine (P. rigida), 18, 5, 5, 67; Pignut Hickory WarwoodAve.,Wheeling, W. Va. 26003. (Caryaglabra), 72, 19, 9, 83; dead trees, 27, 7, 4, 100 52. OAK-PINE FOREST. -- Location: West Vir- Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 202, 53, 20 2, 18, ginia,Hardy Co., Loblolly Trail in LostRiver State Park; B (6-9 in.) 113, 30, 33.9, 31; C (9-15 in.) 65, 17, 52, 48, D 38ø52'5TN, 78'55'49"W, Lost River State Park Quad- (15-21 in.) 2, 1, 3, 3. Shrub stems/acre9370; ground rangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres cover31%; canopycover 75%; averagecanopy height 48 (rectangular,110 X 660 yds,measured longitudinally ft (range 40-60). Edge: Forest continueson all sides and estimatedlaterally). description of Plot: The dom- Topography:Centerline about level a few feet abovethe lnantcanopy trees are oak and Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida). 2400 ft contour.Sidehill plot 60-200 ft belowridge, SW Mostprominent in theunderstory are blueberry (Vaccin- exposure.Fall 80-150ft acrossplot. Weather: Clear and eurnsp.) and MountainLaurel (Kalmia latifolia). The dry first day,then cool,wet andwindy. Coverage: June 5, groundcover is primarilyseedings of blueberryand the 7-9; 10 trips, dawn-0800and one eveningtrip. Total canopytrees. A quantitativesurvey of thevegetation gave party-hours: 8. Census: Ovenbird, 2.5; Rufous-s•ded the followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameterand over, Towhee;2; Pine Warbler, 1.5; Black-cappedChickadee, basedon six circularsamples, 253/acre; total basalarea 1; Downy Woodpecker,0.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 86 5 ftVacre. Speciescomprising 89% of the total 0.5; Tufted Titmouse, 0.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 0 5, number of trees: Chestnut Oak (Quercusprinus), 132, PilearealWoodpecker, +; Hairy Woodpecker, +, E 52, 49, 83; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 18, 7, 4, 50; Black Oak Wood Pewee, +; Blue Jay, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, (Q velutina),18, 7, 2, 67; White Oak (Q. alba),8, 3, 1, +; Wood Thrush, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +; Scarlet 33, Pitch Pine 42, 16, 22, 67; Black Locust (Robinia Tanager, +. Total: 16 species;9 territorial males (148/ pseudo-acacia)10, 4, 3.5, 50. Treesby diametersize km 2, 60/100 acres).Remarks: This area of shalesoils and class A (3-6 in.) 130, 51, 13, 15; B (6-9 in.) 70, 27, 21, 24; low rainfall (less than 40 in./year), where the trees C (9-15 in.) 45, 17, 36, 41; D (15-21in.) 6.7, 3, 12, 14; E mature and start to deterioratebefore reaching a good (21-27 in.) 1.6, .7, 5.1, 6. Shrub stems/acre24,000; sawlog size,does not supporthigh bird populationsThe
70 AmericanBirds, January 1978 extremelydry weatherthis springmay havediscouraged 55. CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST WITH some possible breeders. -- NEVADA LAITSCH and SCATTERED PINE. -- Location: Washington,D C, GEORGE KOCH (compilers), JEAN ANDERSON, Rock Creek Park, lying S of Military Road and W of RICHARD DIENER, KATHLEEN FINNEGAN, Rock Creek. Continuity: Established 1948; 18 intermit- GEORGE A. HALL, EDWARD INGENFRITZ, tent years.Size: Until 1963, 80 acres;since 1963, 26 3 ha STUART ROBBINS, Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood = 65 acres. Description of Plot: See AFN 2:153-154 Ave, Wheeling, W Va. 2600.?. (1948).Coverage: April 16, 23; May 1, 4, 7, 8, 12, 14-15, 17, 20-22, 24, 29; June3, 10-12, 16, 19, 24; July 3. Total 27 trips, 23 at 0600-1100hours and 4 at 1445-1900,EST Total man-hours: 81.8. Weather: In general, clear and 54. OAK-PINE WOODLAND. -- Location: West calm; average temperature 65øF. Census: Red-eyed %rg•nia;Hardy Co., 4.7 mi NW of Mathias;38ø54'37'N, Vireo, 16 (61, 25); Wood Thrush, 8 (30, 12); Ovenbird, 8, 78•56'01•W,Lost River StatePark Quadrangle,USGS. Red-belliedWoodpecker, 7 (27, 11); Tufted Titmouse,6 Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 150 acres(rectangular, (23, 9); ScarletTanager, 5 (19, 8); BlueJay, 4 (15, 6), Car- 110 x 660 yds, measuredlongitudinally and estimated dinal, 4; DownyWoodpecker, 3 (11, 5); CarolinaChick- laterally). Description of Plot: The dominant canopy adee, 3; Veery, 3; Corn. Flicker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2, trees are oak, pine and hickory.Most prominentin the Plicated Woodpecker,1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Corn understoryare blueberry(Vaccinium sp.) and Flowering Crow, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Starling, 1; Corn Dogwood(Cornus florida). The groundcover is primarily Grackle, 1; Gray Catbird, +; Brown-headedCowbird, + grasses(Carex sp.). A quantitativesurvey of the vegeta- Total: 21 species;77 territorial males(293/km 2, 118/100 tion gavethe followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameter and acres). Remarks: Nests found: Tufted Titmouse, 2, over, based on six 0.1 acre circular samples,216/acre; DownyWoodpecker, Blue Jay, Wood Thrush, Starling, total basalarea 103 ft2/acre.Species comprising 95% of Corn.Grackle, 1 each.The presenttotal of 77 territories the total number of trees: Chestnut Oak (Quercusmon- continues to reflect the radical loss of summer residents tana), 28, 13, 27, 67; White Oak •Q. alba), 30, 14, 23, 83; which is taking place in this area. Comparisonof this Black Oak, (Q. velutina), 23, 11, 9, S0; Red Oak (Q. censuswith otherstaken in the Washington,D.C. area rubra), 23, 11, 6, 83; Virginia Pine(Pinus virginiana), 20, has shownthis to be a generaltrend in Rock Creek and 9, 6, 33; White Pine (P. strobus), 13, 6, 3, 16; Pitch Pine other locations,apparently related to lossof adjacentor (P rtgida), 7, 3, 2, S0;Table Mountain Pine(P. pungens), nearbysimilar habitat and greater human use of the 3, 2, 1, 16; Pignut Hickory, (Caryaglabra), 15, 7, 7, 67; area.In the presentcensus, the total of 118territories per Mockernut Hickory (C. tomentosa),8, 4, 2, 50; dead 100 acres is the lowest to date and is far below the trees,17, 7, 9, 83. Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) averageof 221 territories per 100 acres from 1947 to 88, 41, 9, 9; B (6-9 in.) 62, 28, 18, 18; C (9-15in.) 47, 21, 1958, before the decreasebecame pronounced. In addi- 37, 36; D (15-21in.) 18, 8, 33, 32; E (21-27in.) 2, 1, 5, 5. tion the decreasein this area has probablybeen aug- Shrubstems/acre 5558; groundcover 25%; canopycover mentedby predationby Blue Jaysthat enteredthe tract 85%, averagecanopy height 57 ft (range 51-68). Edge: as nestersafter the lossof adjacentsimilar habitat -- Similar habitat on all sides. Topography:Steep SW- JOAN H. CRISWELL (compiler),R. FORD, J. LYNCH, facing hillside. Elevation: 2500 ft. Weather: Cold and M. M. TERRY, R. D. VINE, R. WHITCOMB, Audubon dry Coverage:June 5-10; dawn-0740.Total party-hours: Naturalist Society, 8940 Jones Mill Road, Washington, 13 Census:E. Wood Pewee,2.5; Red-eyedVireo, 2.5; D.C. 20015. Wood Thrush, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Worm-eating 56. MIXED OAK - PINE AND SWAMP FOREST. Warbler, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; White-breastedNut- -- Location: North Carolina; Carteret Co., Theodore hatch, 0.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 0.5; PileatodWood- RooseveltNatural Area on BogueBank; 34ø41'45•N, pecker, +; Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; Downy Wood- 76ø49'45•W,Mansfield Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: pecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Corn. Crow, +; Brown-headed Established 1974; 2 intermittent years (formerly Mixed Cowbird,+. Total: 16 species;13 territorialmales (214/ Maritime and SwampForest. Size: 10.1 ha = 25 acres km 2, 87/100 acres). Visitors: Corn. Flicker, E. Phoebe, Description of Area: See AB 28:1004-1005 (1974) AcadianFlycatcher, Carolina Wren, Gray Catbird, Am. Weather: Temperatures normal, precipitation below Robin, Pine Warbler, Indigo Bunting, Am. Goldfinch normal. Coverage:May 12, 15, 17-18, 28, 31; June 1-2, 4, and Rufous-sidedTowhee. Remarks: This plot lies in the 15; 0630-0900, EDT. Total man-hours:34. Census:Car- "rain shadow"of the AppalachianMountains and has dinal, 8 (79, 32); Prothonotary Warbler, 5 (49, 20), an averageannual precipitation of only32-36 in. Evenso, White-eyed Vireo, 4 (40, 16); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2, the census was taken when the rainfall was far below nor- Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Carolina Wren, 1.5; Black- mal and growingcorn was killed in the fields by cold throated Green Warbler, 1.5; Blue Jay, 1; Carohna weather.The lack of moisturewas reflected by scarcityof Chickadee, 1; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Chuck-wall's- ground cover in the woodlots, apparently adversely widow, +. Total: 11 species;26 territorial males (257/ affectingthe numberof ground-nestingbirds. The sam- km 2, 104/100 acres).Remarks: The number of territorial ple of woodlandreported is, we feel,indicative of much male Carolina Wrens was much less than in 1974 (9 5) of the uplandarea of the county.--JEANANDERSON, --JOHN O. FUSSELL III, P.O. Box 520, Morehead E R CHANDLER, RICHARD DIENER, HOWARD City, N.C. 2855Z HEIMERDINGER, ROBERT HOSTOTTLE, EDWARD ILGENFRITZ, DAVID JONES, 57. TAMARACK BOG AND HARDWOOD. -- ELIZABETH MCINTYRE, DONALD NEMANICH, Location:Michigan; BerrienCo., 1 mi SW of Stevensvffie JAMES SIRCH, LOUIS STURM, JOSEPHINE WOOD in the Grand Mere State Park, 0.5 mi N of Willow Drive and GLEN PHILLIPS (compiler},Brooks Bird Club, 707 on Wishart Road, 41ø59'30"N,86ø33'W, Bridgman WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. Quadrangle.Continuity: Established1976. Size: 8.5 ha =
Volume 32, Number 1 71 21 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 30.1049 (1976). cles, 97 territorial males (1042/km2, 422/100 acres) Weather:May washot anddry; June, cool and dry. Cov- Remarks:Nests found: Chipping Sparrow, 8; SongSpar- erage: May 28-29; June 7-12; 0630-0900. Total man- row,6; Am. Robin,3; FieldSparrow, 3; PurpleFinch, 2, hours:9. Census:Veery, 3 (35, 14);Cardinal, 2.5; Great Tree Sparrow,1; PrairieWarbler, 1; Com.Yellowthroat, Crested Flycatcher,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Canada 1. Two SongSparrow nests were parasitized by cowbirds Warbler, 2; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; E. Wood NashvilleWarbler and Indigo Buntingwere new breed- Pewee,1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted Titmouse,1; White- ing speciesthis year.Appreciation is extendedto Eddy breastedNuthatch, 1; Gray Catbird,1; Am. Robin, 1; Fosterfor permissionto conductthe study;to Clarence DownyWoodpecker, 0.5; Black-cappedChickadee, 0.5; Klingensmithfor assistance;and to GaylordRough for ScarletTanagcr, 0.5; MourningDove, +; Com. Flicker, weather data. --ELIZABETH W. BROOKS, Water +, CedarWaxwing, +. Total: 18 species;20 territorial Wells Rd., Alfred Station, N.Y. 14803. males (235/km 2, 95/100 acres). Remarks: Gained four new species;lost two. --ALBERT MORSE, JAMES 60. YOUNG SPRUCE FOREST. -- Location:Maine, MULLINS (compiler),2558 Locust Lane, Stevensville, Hancock Co., Deer Isle; 0.35 mi N of StinsonPoint, Mtch. 4912Z 44ø10'N,68ø43'W, Deer Isle Quadrangle,USGS Con- tinulty: New. Size: 5.06 ha = 12.5 acres(from survey 58. MIXED PINE-HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Loca- map).Deseriptlon of Plot: Area wascut and partially tion: Texas;Angelina Co., AngelinaCollege Property, burnedprior to 1958.The rejuvenatingforest provides a 1 6 mi S of intersectionof Loop 287 and US S9; patchyhabitat with dense stands of conifersinterspersed 31ø17'34"N,94ø44 ' I"W, LufkinQuadrangle, USGS. Con- with openareas of hardwoods,shrubs, and herbaceous tlnulty:Established 1974; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 6.32 groundcover. Scattered White Birchand sprucesnags ha = 1S.6 acres.Deserlptlon of Plot: See AB 28:1016 6-14 m high provideperches for singingand feeding (1974).Weather: Clear to partlycloudy skies; precipita- Thereare a fewgranite outcroppings: a small gravel road tion was negligible.Temperatures 67-73øF. Coverage: andold woods roads cross the W andS partsof theplot May 16-20, 24-26; 0800-0900,with an averageof 60 Dominantcanopy trees are Red Spruce(Picea rubens), minutesper trip. Total man-hours:8. Census:Cardinal, White Spruce(P. glauca),Balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea), 8 (127,S1); White-eyed Vireo, S (79,32); Red-eyed Vireo, White Birch(Betula papyrtfera), Yellow Birch (B. lutea), 3 (48, 19);Acadian Flycatcher, 2; CarolinaChickadee, 2; and Red Maple (Acerrubrum). The largestconifers are Tufted Titmouse, 2; Swainsoh'sWarbler, 2; Hooded 4-5 m in heightand 5-10cm dbh;the largesthardwoods Warbler, 2; GreenHeron, 1; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; are 10 m highand 15 cm dbh.Most prevalent shrubs are CarolinaWren, 1; KentuckyWarbler, 1; Brown-headed Pin Cherry(Prunus pensylvanica), Blackberry (Rubus Cowbird,+. Total: 13 species;30 territorialmales or sp.), Raspberry(Rubus strigosus)and Meadowsweet females (47S/km:, 192/100 acres).Remarks: No nests (Spirueaspp.). Ground cover consists of borealforbs werefound. Population density was at a four-yearlow. -- suchas Bunchberry(Cornus canadensis) and Cranberry LOUIS DEBETAZ (compiler), Science Division, (Vacciniummacrocarpon). Grasses, ferns --predom- AngelinaCollege, Lufkin, Tex. 75901. inantlyHayscented (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), mosses (Polytrichumspp. and Sphagnumspp.) and lichens 59. UPLAND SCOTCH PINE PLANTATION. -- (Cladoniaspp.). Edge: Bordered on all sidesby patches Location:New York; AlleganyCo., 2 mi WSW of Alfred, of similarhabitat and mature forest. Bold rocky shore of borderingon the W sideof Lake Road,adjacent to the PenobscotBay lies 300 ft W of plot.Topography: Slopes evergreenplantings on the E side of Foster Lake; NW. Elevation:20-120 ft. Weather:June very wet, July 42ø7'30",77ø45'W, Andover Quadrangle, USGS. Con- dry.Temperature range 54-80øF. Winds up to 25 mph tinuity: Established1969; 9 consecutiveyears. Size: Coverage:June 20-24, 28-30; July 1-8; 0430-2000 hours, Approximately9.3 ha = 23 acres.Description of Plot: usually 0630-1030. Total man-hours: 20. Census: See AFN 23:743-744 (1969). No Christmas trees were MagnoliaWarbler, 7 (56, 23);Am. Redstart,6 (48, 19), harvestedthis year.Selective cutting of second-growthBlack-throated Green Warbler, 4 (32, 13); White- pineincreased the openspaces in the largesections of the throated Sparrow,4; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2 S, plantationwhere the pinesare muchtoo tall for useas Swainsoh'sThrush, 2; Am. Goldfinch,2; Dark-eyed Christmastrees. Weather: Alfred Cooperative Weather Junco,2; Winter Wren, 1.5; CedarWaxwing, 1.5, Com Stationdata indicatesthat precipitationduring May, Yellowthroat,1.5; MourningDove, 1; Ruby-throated Juneand July was near normal. Average mean daily tem- Hummingbird,1; Com. Flicker, 1; Olive-sidedFly- peraturesduring June and July were within normal range catcher,1; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Gray Catbird,1, but May was a full 10øFwarmer than the S7-year Am. Robin,1; NashvilleWarbler, 1; PurpleFinch, 1, average.Coverage: April 10; May 6, 14, 24, 30-31;June DownyWoodpecker, 0.5; E. WoodPewee, +; Starling,+ 4, 10, 16, 21; July11, 1S,22, 29; August3; 0845-1530, Total: 23 species;43.5 territorial males (860/km:, EDT, plus one trip at dusk.Total man-hours:22. Cen- 348/100 acres).Visitors: Com. Crow, Com. Raven, sus:Song Sparrow, 25 (269,109); Chipping Sparrow, 20 Yellow-rumpedWarbler. Remarks: Cedar Waxwing (215,87); Com. Yellowthroat, 9 (97, 39); Field Sparrow, unusually abundant. Species observedafter census 9, Rufous-sidedTowbee, S (54, 22); Am. Robin,4 (43, periodas visitorsor transientsincluded Tree Swallow, 17), PurpleFinch, 4; Am. Woodcock,3 (32, 13);Nash- Barn Swallow,Hermit Thrush, Song Sparrow -- villeWarbler, 3; CedarWaxwing, 2; MagnoliaWarbler, KENNETH L and THOMAS L. CROWELL, Sunset, 2, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2; Brown-headedCowbird Me. 04683. (females),2; Black-billedCuckoo, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 1; 61. MIXED FOREST, OLD FIELD AND HOME- Tree Swallow,1; Gray Catbird,1; BrownThrasher, 1; SITE. -- Location:Vermont; Windsor Co., 1.5 ml S of PrairieWarbler, 1; IndigoBunting, 1; E. Kingbird,+; Woodstockon Church Hill; 43ø36'N,72ø31'W, Wood- Bobolink,+; Red-wingedBlackbird, +. Total: 23 spe- stockQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973,
72 AmericanBirds, January 1978 5 consecutiveyears Size: 10 9 ha = 27 acres.Description low, 3 (all in boxes),Song Sparrow,2, Yellow-belhed of Plot: SeeAB 27:982 (1973). 1976. Weather: Cool and Sapsucker,1; E. Kingbird, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Blue wet, 36-53ø. Coverage:May 30-31; June 1-2, 4-5, 7, 11, Jay, 1; HouseWren, 1 (in box); Gray Catbird, 1; Hermit 15, 20; August 7, 12, 18; 0500-0830or 1800-2000hours. Thrush, 1; Veery, 1; CedarWaxwing, 1; Red-eyedVireo, Total man-hours: 22. Census:Am. Robin, 13 (119, 48); 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Chipping SongSparrow, 12 (110,44); Black-capped Chickadee, 11 Sparrow, 1. --JULIA NICHOLSON, Vermont Instttute (101, 41); Red-eyedVireo, 9 (82, 33); Ovenbird,9; Wood of Natural Science,Woodstock, Vt. 05091. Thrush,8 (73, 30); Veery,7 (64, 26); Corn.Yellowthroat, 7, Least Flycatcher, 5 (46, 19); N. Oriole, 5; Tree 62. ABANDONED NURSERY WITH HEDGE- Swallow,4 (37, 15); Blue Jay, 4; Cedar Waxwing,4; ROWS. -- Location: Connecticut; New London Co, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 4; Ruby-throatedHumming- Town of Waterford; 0.15 mi S intersectionof State Rt bird, 3 (27, 11); Am. Goldfinch,3; Yellow-belliedSap- 156 and PowerStation Rd., 41ø19'10"N,72ø10'W, Nlan- sucker,2; Hairy Woodpecker,2; DownyWoodpecker, 2; tic Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 14.2 ha = E Kingbird, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher,2; White- 35.08 acres(planimetercd, about 2150 x 700 ft). Descrip- breastedNuthatch, 2; Hermit Thrush, 2; Warbling tion of Plot: This areais cut into sectionsby severalstone V•reo, 2; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2; Red-winged walls interspersedand bordered with shrubs and trees Blackbird, 2; Corn. Grackle, 2; Scarlet Tunaget, 2; forming hedgerows.Principal shrubsalong hedgerows RuffedGrouse, 1; MourningDove, 1; Corn.Flicker, 1; E. are: Rose(Rosa sp.) N. Arrowwood(Viburnum recogm- Phoebe, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Barn Swallow, 1; Corn. turn), PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans), and HighbushBlue- Crow, 1; HouseWren, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Starling,1; berry(Vaccinium corymbosum). Tree layerwhen present Solitary Vireo, 1; Nashville Warbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, is dominatedby Red Maple (Acerrubrum), Black Cherry 1, Ycllow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, (Prunusserotina), Sour Gum (Nyssasylvatica), and Shad- 1, Canada Warbler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Brown-headed bush (Amelanchiersp.). Tree height averages15 ft Cowbird, 1; Cardinal, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Chipping Although most of the ornamentalplants have been Sparrow, 1. Total: 49 species;153 territorial males or removed,planted rows of Mountain Ash (Sorbussp ), females (1400/km 2, 567/100 acres).Remarks: Birds were Cherry(Prunus sp.), Atlantic White Cedar(Chamaecypa- generally down this year. Most noticeablewas the ris thyoides),Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida), Yew decreasein warblersand thrushes(except robins). Blue- (Taxus sp.), Azalea (Rhododendronsp.), Pierisflort- birds were discouragedby Tree Swallowsand the bunda andP. japonicaremain. Between these plantings, phoebesapparently failed to lay anyeggs in four nesting old field vegetation has invaded. The E portion is attempts.Twenty-three nests were found: Trcc Swallow, dominatedby herbaceousperennials, especially graml- 4 (all m boxes);Am. Robin,4; SongSparrow, 4; Least noids, Goldenrod (Solidigo rugosa), and Ragweed Flycatcher,2; N. Oriole, 2; E. Kingbird,1; E. Phoebe,1; (Ambrosiaartemisi•folia). Scattered among this vegeta- House Wren, 1 (in box); Gray Catbird, 1; Hermit tion are a numberof invadingshrubs dominated by rose Thrush, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat,1. and remainingrows of ornamentalspecies. Moving W, 1977.Weather: Cool,sunny and windy40-56 ø . Coverage: shrubsbecome more important. Dominant species are N May 26-28;June 3, 6, 8, 12, 17, 19-20,26-27; August 10; Arrowwoodand rose with Steeplebush(Spirea tomen- between 0530-0830 or 1730-1930 hours. Total man- tosa),Winged Sumac (Rhus copallina) and N. Bayberry hours 22. Census:Am. Robin, 11 (100, 41); Red-eyed (Myricapensylvanica) present as associatedspecies. The Vireo, 10 (92, 37); Ovenbird,9 (82, 33); Black-capped E edgeconsists of an almostcontinuous cover of shrubs Chickadee,8 (73,30); Wood Thrush, 8; SongSparrow, 8; Severalwetlands occur including a shallowpond and a Voery, 7 (64, 26); Least Flycatcher,5 (46, 19); Corn. small, slow movingstream. Wet meadowvegetation Yellowthroat, 5; Tree Swallow, 3 (27, 11); Hermit includesSkunk Cabbage(Symplocarpus foetidus), Irts Thrush,3; CedarWaxwing, 3; Red-wingedBlackbird, 3; versicolor,Tussock Sedge (Carex stricta), rushes and cat- Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 3; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; tails (Typhalat•folia). Edge: A cleared,fenced materials Downy Woodpecker, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher,2; storagearea and deciduous trees border the S edge.The Gray Catbird, 2; Warbling Vireo, 2; Black-and-white E edgeis delineatedby a pavedroad, on the otherside of Warbler, 2; N. Oriole, 2; ChippingSparrow, 2; Ruby- which are abandoned fields. Fields and thickets border throated Hummingbird, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Corn. the W edge.Fields used by horsesborder the N edge Flicker, 1; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Topography:Relatively flat; ditch parallels the road E Wood Pewee, 1; Blue Jay, 1; White-breasted Nut- alongthe E edge.A slightrise occursin the NW which hatch, 1; HouseWren, 1; SolitaryVireo, 1; YellowWar- dropssteeply to the stream.Elevation: 70 ft. Weather: bler, 1; Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 1; Canada War- Normalspring, very hot and dry Julyand earlyAugust bler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Brown- Coverage:April 17;May 6, 29;June 1, 3, 14;August 10, headedCowbird, 1; ScarletTunaget, 1; Cardinal, 1; mostly 0530-0830. Total man-hours: 25. Census: Red- Indigo Bunting, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; White-throated wingedBlackbird, 21 (148, 60); Yellow Warbler, 15 (106, Sparrow,1; Barn Swallow,0.5. Total: 44 species:124 ter- 43); Corn.Yellowthroat, 13.5 (95, 38); SongSparrow, 10 ritorial males or females (1135/km2, 459/100 acres). (70,29); Gray Catbird, 8 (56, 23);Am. Goldfinch,8; Am Remarks: Total number of territorial males was down Robin, 5 (35, 14); Brown Thrasher,4 (28, 11); Willow again this year, from 153 in 1976 to 124. Perhaps Flycatcher,3 (21, 9); MourningDove, 2; E. Kingbird,2, increasedwood-gathering activity has had a slightly Blue Jay, 2; White-eyedVireo, 2; Chestnut-sidedWar- adverseeffect, reducing some cover. The numberof spe- bier, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2 (females);Field Spar- cies was down also, from 49 in 1976 to 44. Most notable is row, 2; Bobwhite, 1; Am. Woodcock, 1; Yellow-billed the absence,for the first time sincestarting tbe censusin Cuckoo, 1; Black-billod Cuckoo, 1; Com. Flicker, 1, 1973, of territorial Ycllow-rumpedand Chestnut-sided HouseWren, 1; Starling, 1; House Finch, 1; Cardinal, Warblers. 22 nestswere found: Am. Robin, 4; Tree Swal- 0.5; Rufous-sided Towhee, 0.5; E. Meadowlark, +
Volume 32, Number I 73 Total: 27 species,110 5 males or females(778/km 2, grazedpasture to hardwoodforest After a risein density 315/100 acres).Visitors: Mallard, Black Duck, Am. by 12.5territorial malesin 1976, densityrose this year by Kestrel,Barn and Tree Swallows, Com. Crow, Mocking- 26.5 males, a phenomenal33ø'/o of the 1976 total The bird,Cedar Waxwing, Corn. Grackle. Remarks: The plot main increasesover 1976 are Com. Yellowthroat (from 6 is a part of a largeheterogeneous tract containingtwo to 13, nowat the highestdensity recorded for anyspecies nuclearelectrical generating plants bordering Long on this plot),Rufous-sided Towhee (from 7 to 11), and IslandSound. Owing to securityregulations, the plot Veery(from 1.5 to 4). Specialthanks to Jim Cavanaugh incursa minimumof humanactivity. Special thanks to for his help. -- ANDREW MAGEE, 34 HobsonSt, Allison MacMillan, Joan Tabachnick, and Lauren Springfield,Mass. 01109. Tuckerfor habitatdescription. Cooperation of Northeast Utilitiesin grantingaccess isgratefully acknowledged. -- 65. ABANDONED PASTURE-YOUNG MIXED FOR- GRACE BISSELL, ANDREW DASINGER, BRUCE EST. -- Loeatlon: New York; St. LawrenceCo., 0 25 mi DASINGER (compilerj,12 StoneCliffe Drive, Niantic, E of Howardville Rd., 0.25 mi SW of Rte 68; 44ø33•N,75 ø Conn. 06357. 03'W, Pierrepont Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established1976. Size: 3.44 ha = 8.5 acres.Description 63. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT AND SWAMP. -- of Plot: Lastgrazed in 1967,but largertrees (40cm dbh, Location: Connecticut;Fairfield Co., Newtown,intersec- 15mhigh) date well before that. Smallpatches of conifer tion of Route 34 and Zoar Road; 41ø24'N, 73ø14•W, seedlings,White Pine (Pinus strot•us),Scotch Pine (P SouthburyQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Established sylvestris),and White Spruce (Picea glauca), were 1968; 10 consecutiveyears. Size: 14.17 ha = 35 acres. plantedin 1%9-71. Dominantcanopy species are Red Description of Plot: SeeAFN 22:714-715 (1968). Cover- Maple (Acerrubrum), Gray Birch (Betulapopultfoha), age: May 26-30; June 4-5, 12, 15-17, 19-20, 23-24, 26; Hophornbeam(Ostrya virginiana), Quaking Aspen (Pop- July 2-4, 14; 0510-1215 or 1355-1630,EDT. Total man- ulustremuloides), Apple (Pyrus malus), Am. Elm (Ulmus hours: 39. Census: Ovenbird, 16 (113, 46); Wood americana).Significant understory species are E Hem- Thrush, 15 (106,43); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 12 (85, 34); lock (Tsuga canadensis),Meadowsweet and Hardhack Veery, 8 (56, 23); Red-eyedVireo, 7 (49, 20); Scarlet (Spiraeaspp.), Com. Blackberry(Rubus alleghemensts), Tanager, 7; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 7; Am. Robin, 6 andhawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Ground cover consists of (42, 17); Com. Flicker, 5 (35, 14);Blue Jay, 5; Tufted Tit- a mixtureof commongrasses and meadowand woodland mouse, 5; E. Wood Pewee, 3 (21, 9); White-breasted forbssuch as Aster spp., goldenrod (Solidago spp ), Par- Nuthatch, 3; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Com. Yellow- tridgeBerry (Mitchella repens) and Hairy-capped mosses throat, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Cardinal, 3; Ruffed Grouse, 2; (Polytrichumspp.). Edge: Similar but wetterhabitat on Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; all sides.Small potholeshave been constructedjust Downy Woodpecker, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; House Wren, 1; beyondW, S, and NE boundaries.Mature standof hem- Gray Catbird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Yellow-throated lock lies 100 m W of plot. An intermittentstream runs Vireo, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Field Sparrow, 1; Song closeto the NE boundary.Topography: Irregular, a low Sparrow,1; GreatCrested Flycatcher, 0.5. Total: 30 spe- rocky ridge runs NW-SE. Elevation: 620-650 ft cies, 125.5 territorial males or females (886/km 2, 359/ Weather: 1976 wet; 1977 dry. Coverage:1976. May 30, 100 acres).Visitors: Chimney Swift, Starling, Blue- June 1-2, 6; 0500-1600. Total man-hours: 5. Census: winged Warbler, Red-wingedBlackbird. Remarks: In Gray Catbird, 2; Nashville Warbler, 2; Chestnut-sided the span 1973-77,Wood Thrush numbered13, 8, 14, 7.5, Warbler, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; Field Sparrow,2, 15, Red-eyed Vireo, 13, 11, 10, 8, 7; Rufous-sided SongSparrow, 2; Veery, 1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1, Towbee, 12, 14, 10, 8.5, 12. --LAURA H. MOSELEY, Golden-wingedWarbler, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1, 1083Hillsboro Beach, Pompano Beach, Fla. 33062. Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1, White-throatedSparrow, 1; E. Kingbird,+; Alder Fly- 64. UPLAND BRUSHY PASTErRE. -- Location: catcher,+; Am. Robin, +; Yellow Warbler, +; N. Oriole, +; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +; Am. Goldfinch,+ Total: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White Memorial Founda- 20 species;19 territorial males(552/km 2, 224/100 acres) tion, Litchfield; 41ø42•50"N, 73ø13'28•W, Litchfield Coverage: 1977. May 21-22; June 5, 10-11, 16, 0430- Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1965; 11 1945. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Black-and-white intermittentyears. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres.Description of Warbler, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; White-throated Plot: SeeAFN 19:609-610(1965). Coverage:June 3-6; Sparrow,2; SongSparrow, 2; YellowWarbler, 1.5, Field 14-15; 0630-2045. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Com. Sparrow, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 1, Yellowthroat, 13 (153, 62); Gray Catbird, 12 (141, 57); Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Gray Catbird, 1, Am Rufous-sidedTowbee, 11 (129, 52); Blue-wingedWar- Robin, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Veery, 1; Chestnut-sided bler, 7 (82, 33); SongSparrow, 6 (71, 29); Am. Wood- Warbler,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, cock, 4 (47, 19); Brown Thrasher,4; Veery, 4; Cedar 1; Black-billedCuckoo, +; E. Kingbird,+; BlueJay, +, Waxwing,4; Am. Goldfinch,4; Field Sparrow,4; Blue Red-wingedBlackbird, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +, Jay,3 (35, 14);Black-and-white Warbler, 2.5; Am. Red- Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 22 species;21 territorialmales start, 2.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2.5; Ruffed Grouse, (610/km•, 247/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Woodcock, 2, Red-eyedVireo, 2; NashvilleWarbler, 2; Yellow War- Com. Snipe, Great Horned Owl, Com. Crow, Yellow- bler, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Black-cappedChickadee, 1.5; Am. rumped Warbler, N. Oriole. -- KENNETH L Robin, 1.5; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1.5; Yellow-billed CROWELL, Dept. of Biology,St. LawrenceUniv , Can- Cuckoo,1; Com. Flicker, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Brewster's ton, N.Y. 13617. Warbler, 1; Prairie Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Brown- headedCowbird, 1; Cardinal,1. Total: 31 species;106 66. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT. -- Location: territorial males (1,247/km 2, 505/100 acres). Remarks: Pennsylvania;Montgomery Co.; woods of St. Charles Habitat continuesto undergorapid changefrom open, Seminary,0.4 mi SW of Philadelphiacity limits on U S
74 AmericanBirds, January 1978 30; 40ø00'N,75ø15'W, Lansdowne Quadrangle, USGS. of stream to form nature pond; on all other sides by Continuity:New. Size: 7.77 ha = 19.2 acres(nearly trian- suburban residential areas. Topography: A gradual gular, measured).Description of Plot: Part of a hard- east-facingslope, extending from 210 ft on the E border- wood forest with stream edge that was extensively ing stream and ascendingto 260 ft on W border. clearedand usedas a commercialtree nursery.Nursery Weather: Fair and warm. Coverage:May 8, 13, 15, 19, wasabandoned four yearsago, leaving approx. 50o/o open 22, 29; June 12, 16, 18, 26; July 2-3, 10, 16; 14 trips; meadowsand thicketsinterspersed with approximately mostly0530-1100, occasionally 1900-2000. Total man- 50% woodlands.The dominant canopytrees are willow hours: 26. Census: Am. Robin, 9 (116, 47); Cardinal, 9; and oak while many smaller ornamental trees remain. Gray Catbird, 8.5 (109, 44); Corn. Yellowthroat,7 (90, The shrub layer consistsmostly of Black Raspberry 36); SongSparrow, 6 (77, 31); Am. Goldfinch,5 (64, 26); (Rubusoccidentalis) thickets and small saplingsof the House Wren, 4 (51, 21); Ring-neckedPheasant, 3 (39, canopytrees. The groundcover is primarilySkunk Cab- 16); Wood Thrush, 3; Red-eyed Vireo, 3; La. Water- bage(Symplocarpus foetidus ), LesserCelandine (Ranun- thrush, 3; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3; Downy Woodpecker, culusficaria ) and May Apple(Podophy!!um peltatum ) in 2; Starling, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Corn. Grackle, 2; Scarlet the wet woodlandsadjacent to the stream and PoisonIvy •Tanager,2; Mourning Dove, 1.5; Com. Flicker, 1.5; (Rhus radicans), Thicket Creeper (Parthenocissus Screech Owl, 1; E. Kingbird, I; Great Crested Fly- inserta)and Corn.Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in catcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Am. Red- higherelevation. A quantitativesurvey of vegetationgave start, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 (female); N. Oriole, 0.5; Mallard, +; Mockingbird, +; Red-winged Black- bird, +. Total: 30 species;84 territorial malesor females (1081/km 2, 438/100 acres). Visitors: Rock Dove, Chimney Swift, Barn Swallow, Corn. Crow, Carolina Chickadee, White-breasted Nuthatch. Remarks: Eight nestswere located: Starling, 2; Downy Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1 with 3 nestlings;House Wren, 1; Wood Thrush, 1 with 2 thrush eggsand 1 cowbird egg; Red- eyed Vireo, 1 with 2 nestlings;Cardinal, 1 with 3 nest- lings.Ring-necked Pheasant, Carolina Chickadee, House Wren, Gray Catbird, Corn.Yellowthroat, Corn. Grackle, Cardinal wereseen feeding fledglings. My deepestthanks to Father Thomas C. Hagan for permissionto usethe St_ Charles Seminarywoods. --DAVID M. WRIGHT, 527 Rock Glen Dr., Wynnewood,Pa. 19096.
67. MOUNTAIN TOP BOG WITH MIXED HARD- WOOD AND EVERGREEN EDGE. -- Location: Penn- Census 66. Mixed Upland Habitat. Photo/David M. sylvania;Westmoreland Co., 10 mi SSW of Ligonier, 6 Wright. mi S of Laughlintownin ForbesState Foreston the top of Laurd Mountain; 40ø07'20•N, 79ø10'28'W, Bakersville the following results: trees, 3 in. diameter and over, Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1974:4 based on six 0.1-acre circular samples.219/acre; total consecutiveyears. Size: 6.07 ha =. 15 acres.Descriptlon basal area 121.4ftVacre. Speciescomprising 91% of the og Plot: See AB 28:1027 83 (1974). Weather: Sunny, total number of trees(figures after each give number of exceptfor one rainy day; mostlywarm and clear. Cover- trees/acre.relative density (%0), relative dominance (%o), age: June 4-5, 7, 11-12; 0500-0930. 1200-1300 and 1700- and frequencyin that sequence):Sugar Maple (Acersac- 1930. Total party-hours:13.5. Census:Chipping Spar- charum), 27, 13, 3, 50; ornamentalRed Cedar (Juniperus row, 4 (66, 27); Dark-eyed Junco, 3.5 (58, 23); Corn. virginiana).27, 12, 2, 26; WeepingWillow (Salix baby- Yellowthroat,3 (49, 20); Indigo Bunting,3; Rufous-sided Ionlea), 22, 10, 43, 17; dead trees, 21, 10, 7, 67; White Towhee, 3; Field Sparrow, 2.5; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Sol- Oak (Quercusalba), 16, 7, 11, 33; E. Hemlock (Tsuga itary Vireo, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; House Wren, 1.5; Am. canadensis),14, 7, 2, 17; ChineseElm (U!musparvifolia), Robin, 1.5; Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; Song Sparrow, 1.5; 13, 6, 3, 17; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 11, 5, 3, 50; Tulip-tree Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; (Liriodendron tulipifera), 10, 4, 7, 17; ornamental Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Gray Mimosa, 10, 4, 1, 17; EuropeanBlack Alder (Alnusgluti- Catbird. 0.5; Veery, 0.5: Red-shoulderedHawk. +; Corn. nosa), 8, 4, 1, 17; Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), 6, 3, 1, Raven, +; Corn. Crow, +; Wood Thrush, +; Golden- 33; White Ash {Fraxinusamericana), 5, 2, 4, 50; Black crownedKinglet, +; Corn. Grackle, +. Total: 25 species; Cherry (Prunus serotina), 5, 2, 1, 17; Black Locust 36 territorial males (593/km •. 240/100 acres). Visitors: (Robiniapseudo-acacia), 5, 2, 2, 17. Trees by diameter ChimneySwift, E. Wood Pewee,Barn Swallow,Black- size class(figures after each class give the number of burrdan Warbler. Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Purple trees/acre, relative density (%o),basal area in square Finch. --'R. CARRELL ABBOTT (compiler),Audubon feet/acre, relative dominance): A (3-6 in.) 128, 56, 12.3, Societyof WesternPennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. 10; B (6-9 in.) 32, 15, 9.6, 8; C (9-15 in.) 43. 20, 34.6, 28; D (15-21 in.) 14, 6, 23.0, 19; E (21-27 in.) 3, 1, 9.9, 8; F 68. OLD FIELD - MEADOW AND PRIMARY (27-33 in.) 1, 1, 7.8, 6; G (33-40 in.) 1, 1, 11.4, 9; H (>40 DECIDUOUS THICKETS. -- Location:Pennsylvania; in.) 2, 1, 12.8, 11. Shrubstems/acre 13,446; ground cover Butler Co., Buffalo Township,1 mi S of intersectionof 82.5%; canopycover 51%; averagecanopy height 43 ft StateRte. 228 and KeppleRd.; 40ø44'N,79ø42'W, Free- (range15-65). Edge: Bordered on E by matureoak-beeeh port Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1974; 4 forest,partially disturbed by hiking trails and diversion consecutiveyears. Size: 10.1 ha = 25 acres.Description
Volume 32, Number 1 75 of Plot:SeeAB 28 1027-1028(1974) Weather: Late May 70. WOODED PASTURE. -- Location: West Vir- was hot and dry; early June was unusuallycold; late ginia; Hardy Co., 3.5 mi N of the administrationbuild- June,July and Augustwere normal in temperature,but ing, LostRiver StatePark, on ridgeon W sideof Whetzel aboveaverage in precipitation.Coverage: May 27; June Hollow; 38ø56'36•N, 78ø55'21•W,Lost River State Park 1, 3, 5, 9; July 1, 12, 16; August3; 0500-0730.Total Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 man-hours:25. Census: Field Sparrow, 7 (69,28); Indigo acres (rectangular, 110 x 660 yds, measuredlongitu- Bunting, 6 (59, 24); Cardinal, 4 (40, 16); Rufous-sided dinally and estimatedlaterally). Description of Plot: 75% Towhee,4; Red-eyedVireo, 3.5 (35, 14); Com. Yellow- is a treelesspasture of grasses,wild flowersand blackber- throat, 3 (30, 12); Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Ruby- ries. In the wooded portion of the plot Black Locust throatedHummingbird, 1; Tufted Titmouse,1; House (Robiniapseudo-acacia) is the dominantcanopy tree No Wren, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Golden-wingedWarbler, 1; understoryis presentand the groundcover is primarily Yellow-breastedChat, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5; grasses.A quantitative surveyof the vegetationon the VesperSparrow, 0.5; Whip-poor-will,+; Great Crested woodedportion gave the followingresults: Trees 3-in Flycatcher,+; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, +; Cedar Wax- diameterand over,based on two circularsamples, 190/ wing, +; Prairie Warbler, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 21 acre; total basal area 35.5 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising species;36.5 territorial males or females (361/km 2, 146/ 100ø7oof the total number of trees:Black Locust,175, 92, 100 acres).Remarks: Field Sparrow(3), HouseWren (1) 93, 100; Black Oak (Quercusvelutlna), 10, 5, 6, 50, dead and Cardinal (1) nestswere located. Thanks to Kris Wat- trees, 5, 3, 2, 50. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in ) son -- R. MICHAEL SLATER, 1323 Powers Run Rd., 120, 63, 12, 34; B (6-9 in.) 65, 35, 19.5, 55; C (9-15 in ) 5, Ptttsburgh,Pa. 15238. 3, 4, 11. Shrubstems/acre 1850 (not a true understory, 69. OVERGROWN FIELD. -- Location: West Vir- blackberriesonly); ground cover 63%; canopy cover 51%, gima, Ohio Co.; 1.5 mi E of Greggsville;40ø5'25•N, averagecanopy height 54 ft (range 43-81). Edge: Bor- 80ø39'36"W,Wheeling Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: deredon all sidesby similarhabitat except that the slope New Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 becomesvery steep (as much as 45ø). Topography: Essen- yards,measured longitudinally and estimatedlaterally). tially a ridge with slopeson both sidesof about 10ø Descriptionof Plot: The dominant canopytrees are Elevation:2150-2282 ft. Weather: Warm and dry days White Ash (Fraxinus americana) and Am. Elm (Ulmus andcool nights. A killing frostoccurred in the regionone amertcana).Most prominentin the understoryare black- night. Coverage: June 4-6, 8; dawn-800 or 1900-2100 berry (Rubus sp.) and PoisonIvy (Rhus radicans).The Total party-hours:5. Census:Indigo Bunting, 3 (49, 20), groundcover is primarilySweet Cicely (Osmorhiza longi- Chipping Sparrow,3; Field Sparrow,3; Yellow-breasted styIts)and grasses.A quantitativesurvey of the vegeta- Chat, 1.5; Gray Catbird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am tion gavethe followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameterand Robin, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Song Sparrow,1, over,based on six circularsamples, 143/acre; total basal Turkey Vulture, +; Am. Kestrel, +; Bobwhite,+, E area 28 fWacre. Speciescomprising 92ø7o of the total Phoebe,+; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; Barn Swallow, number of trees: White Ash, 70, 49, 54, 83; Am. Elm, 27, +; Com. Crow, +; E. Bluebird, +; Blue-grayGnat- 18, 14, 50; Black Cherry(Prunus serotina), 13, 9, 11, 83; catcher,+; Cardinal,+. Total: 19 species;15.5 territorial Red Oak (Quercus rubra), 7, 5, 6, 33; Black Locust males or females (255/km 2, 103/100 acres). Visitors: (Robtniapseudo-acacia), 7, 5, 6, 33. Trees by diameter Least Flycatcher, E. Wood Pewee,Carolina Chickadee, size class:A (3-6 in.) 113, 79, 11, 40; B (6-9 in.) 15, 10, 5, Starling, Com. Grackle, Brown-headedCowbird (1 16, C (9-15 in.) 15, 10, 12, 43. Shrub stems/acre 6433; male),Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: Two pairsof Chipping ground cover53%; canopycover 64ø7o;average canopy Sparrowsand one pair of Field Sparrowswere seen feed- height 40 ft (range 15-60). Edge: Second-growthwoods ing youngout of the nest.This area is verydry becauseit on the NW side;on the SE the covergrows progressively is in the rain shadowof the highermountaim to the west larger Topography:A ridgeoriented NE-SW. Elevation: It is an active pasture;cattle were seenon nearly every 1100-1225ft. Weather: Hot and dry. Coverage:May 25- trip, sothe groundcover is veryshort. No tall grassbirds, June 1; dawn-0805 or 1836-2037. Total man-hours: 17. such as meadowlarks,were seen. Specialthanks to Glen Census:Gray Catbird, 3 (49, 20); Rufous-sidedTowhee, Phillipsand GeorgeKoch for locatingthe studyarea and 3, Indigo Bunting, 2.5; Field Sparrow, 2.5; Blue-winged to Anne Eddy and Bill Smithfor helpwith the quantita- Warbler, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, 2; Yellow-breasted tive habitat description.-- GREG EDDY (cornpaler), Chat, 2; Wood Thrush, 1.5; Red-eyedVireo, 1.5; Car- BrooksBird Club, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W Va dinal, 1.5; Chimney Swift, +; Downy Woodpecker, +; 26003. Com Crow, +; Carolina Chickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +; Cerulean Warbler, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 19 71. DISTURBED OAK-HICKORY FOREST, PINE species;21.5 territorial males(354/km •, 143/100 acres). STAND, EDGE, AND POND. -- Location:Ohio; Lick- Visitors: Com. Flicker, Acadian Flycatcher, Brown ing Co., Eden Township,Camp Falling Rock, 1 2 mi Thrasher, White-eyedVireo, Yellow Warbler, Prairie NNE of the intersectionof County Road 210 and State Warbler, Com. Grackle and ScarletTanager. Remarks: Route 79; 40ø11'N,82ø18.5'W, Newark Quadrangle, This plot, partially within the boundariesof Oglebay USGS. Continuity: Established1937; 39 intermittent Parkand partially within Park View Memorial Gardens, years(formerly listed under five other titles). Size: 14 16 is usedfor natureeducation studies by OglebayInstitute ha = 35 acres. Description of Plot: See Bird-Lore to documentthe birds of the area before any "improve- 39:379-380(1937). Habitat changes:Except for a few ments"by eitherorganization would change the habitat. wind-blownlimbs and dead trees, no majorhabitat alter- --MR. and MRS. GERALD DEVAUL, KATHY ationtook place,although the vegetationunderwent con- DEVAUL, DOROTHY BROEMSEN, CARL SLATER siderablestress. Weather: During late December and and GLEN PHILLIPS (compiler),Brooks Bird Club, 707 throughoutJanuary severe conditions prevailed because WarwoodAve,Wheehng, W Va 26003 of low temperaturesand prolongeddeep snow The 76 AmericanBirds, January 1978 record-breakingwinter wasfollowed by an early Spring. eyedVireo wasbreeding for the first time since1957, and A severefrost in early May slowedvegetative processes. Traill's Flycatcherfor the first time. In 1957 there were Completingan unusualseries of weatherpatterns was no trails, just an old barn that would becomethe Aull- the reducedrainfall through July, somewhatless so in woodAudubon Center in Dayton. The habitat was pri- August.Coverage: June 4, 7, 10, 22; August11, 17.Total marily meadowwith thicketsand 3rd growthforest By man-hours:35. Census:Acadian Flycatcher,7 (49, 20); 1967 the 3rd growth forest had probablygrown to 2nd Red-eyedVireo, 7; Wood Thrush, 6 (42, 17); Scarlet growth and the thickets to 3rd growth. The meadows Tanager,6; Am. Robin, 5 (35, 14); HouseWren, 4 (28, became thickets and the Center naturalists cut them to 11), Gray Catbird, 3 (21, 9); Cardinal, 3; ChippingSpar- make two meadows.A prairie was planted and main- row, 3; Mourning Dove, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, tained by burning. A marshwas bull-dozedand a pond Downy Woodpecker, Great Crested Flycatcher, E. was made. Pineswere planted. By 1976 Aullwood was Phoebe, E. Wood Pewee, Yellow-throated Vireo, Ceru- fast reachingmaturity. The pond and marshhad grown lean Warbler, Ovenbird, Kentucky Warbler, 2 each; up. The meadowsand thicketsremained the samedue to Ruffed Grouse, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Red-bellied cuttingand pruning.The prairie has beenkept by burn- Woodpecker,Hairy Woodpecker,Blue Jay, Carolina ing. The 2nd growthforest has greatly matured to a 75-ft Chickadee,Tufted Titmouse, White-breastedNuthatch, canopy.The pines grew straight and tall. All habitats CarolinaWren, Blue-grayGnatcatcher, Cedar Waxwing, havematured. In 1977there waslittle changein habitats Warbling Vireo, Louisiana Waterthrush, Yellow- but a lot in bird populations.Such wintering species as breasted Chat, N. Oriole, Brown-headed Cowbird, Bobwhite, E. Bluebird, Carolina Wren, E. Meadowlark, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Am. Gold- Cardinal, and SongSparrow were virtually wipedout by finch, SongSparrow, 1 each.Total: 39 species;84 ter- a severewinter with temperatures10 to 20øFbelow zero ritorial males or females (593/km 2, 240/100 acres). Birds that made frequent trips to feeding stations were Remarks: The record-breakingtemperatures and deep not affected, and some even increased. --ROGER snowsof winter probablyaccounted for the reductionof EBERHART, STEVE PLEASANT and CLIFF the Carolina Wren populations.Only 21 nests were CATHERS, 24 Grecian Ave., Trotwood, Ohio 45426 found, counting all field work through August, com- 73. RAILROAD, LIGHTLY USED. -- Location: paredto a previousaverage of about35. I am indebtedto Ohio; Wyandot Co., Crawford Township, 3.5 mi section H Granville Smith for assistance in field work. --A. H. of the C.C.C. and St. Louis Railroad extendingfrom the CLAUGUS,228 S. Lake St., Carey,Ohio 43316. village of Carey, N through sections9, 10, 3, and 2 in Wyandot County and 0.5 mi into Seneca County 72. MIXED HABITAT. -- Location: Ohio; Mont- Approximately40ø57t22•N, 83ø21'47"W at Carey, gomeryCo., AullwoodAudubon Center; 1 mi NE of 40ø59'58"N,83ø19'15"W in SenecaCounty; Upper San- Englewood;40ø17'N, 84ø95'W, Trotwood Quadrangle, dusky Quadrangle,USGS map. Continuity: New. Size: USGS. Continuity:Established 1957; first publishedin 8.58 ha = 21.2 acres(3.5 mix 50 ft; 5.63 km x 15.24 m) 1976, but censusedannually. Size: 28.3 ha = 70 acres. Length determinedfrom USGS map and width of the Deseriptlonof Plot: SeeAB 31:60-61(1977). Edge: Bor- right-of-wayestimated on the horizontal.Description of dered on all sides by similar forest and vegetation. Plot: Elevated;paralleled by ditchesmost of the way, Topography:A gentledownward slope from the north vegetatedby coarseherbs, shrubs, and small diameter woods to the wet woods. Elevation: 892.5 ft. Weather: trees.Only light traffic is maintained,mostly by the com- Hot andhumid. Average temperature around 85 ø . Cover- mercial or local activities of the National Lime and Stone age:May 8; June22, 28 (2 trips);July 11, 28 (2); August8 Company.The right-of-wayvegetation has not beenvig- (2), 0600-1500. Total man-hours:35. Census:Am. Gold- orouslycontrolled and has encroachedbetween the ties, finch, 7.5 (26, 11); Field Sparrow,7.5; Am. Robin, 6.5 coveringthe sloping sides of the track-bed, and the (23, 9): Com. Grackle, 6.5; Cardinal, 6.5; Indigo Bunt- ditches.Conspicuous herbs include Pigweed, Lamb's- ing,6 (21, 9); BlueJay, 5.5 (19, 8); ChimneySwift, 4.5 (16, quarters,Cinquefoil, Indian Hemp, Milkweeds, Mullein, 6), Carolina Chickadee,4.5; House Sparrow,4.5; Com. Giant Ragweed,Sunflowers, Sneezeweed, and Golden- Crow, 4 (14, 6); Red-wingedBlackbird, 4; House Wren, rods, in addition to various shrubs and trees. Weather: 3 5 (12, 5); Wood Thrush, 3.5: Red-eyedVireo, 3.5; Song See Census No. 71. Coverage:Irregular. Total man- Sparrow,3.5; MourningDove, 3 (11, 4); Great Crested hours: 30. Census:The numbers in parenthesesrep- Flycatcher, 3; Starling, 3; Downy Woodpecker,2.5; resent(1) pairs/kin2, (2) pairs/100 acres,(3) pairs per Cedar Waxwing,2.5; N. Oriole, 2.5; Com. Flicker, 2; linear km, (4) pairs per linear mile. Song Sparrow, 10 Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Tufted (117, 47, 1.8, 2.9); Red-wingedBlackbird, 6 (70, 28, 1 1, Titmouse,2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Com. Yellow- 1.7); Indigo Bunting,6; Gray Catbird, 5 (58, 24, .9, 1 4), throat, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 5; Willow Flycatcher,4 (47, 19, .7, 1 1), Rufous-sided Towhee, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1.5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 4; Cardinal, 4; Am. Robin, 3 (35, 14, Tralll's Flycatcher,1.5; CarolinaWren, 1.5; Mocking- .5, .9); Mourning Dove, 2; Rough-wingedSwallow, 2, bird, 1.5; Gray Catbird, 1.5; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1.5; HouseSparrow, 2; Corn. Grackle,2; Field Sparrow,2, White-eyedVireo, 1.5; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, Hairy Woodpecker,1; Least Flycatcher,1; Yellow- 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Brown breastedChat, 1; Brown Thrasher, 0.5; Am. Kestrel, +; Thrasher, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, Black-billedCuckoo, +; Acadian Flycatcher,+; E. Blue- 1. Total: 21 species;64 pairs (746/km2, 302/100 acres, bird, +; Warbling Vireo, +; Blue-wingedWarbler, +; 11.4/km, 18.3 pairs/mi). Remarks: The absenceof the Yellow Warbler, +; Ovenbird, +; E. Meadowlark, +. Carolina Wren, and probably for the Bobwhite also, Total: 52 species:131 territorial males(462/km 2, 187/ might be attributed to the very cold Januarywith deep 100 acres).Visitors: Killdeer, TurkeyVulture, Red-tailed snow cover.The absenceof E. Kingbird, Cedar Wax- Hawk, Bell's Vireo, E. Kingbird, Brown-headedCow- wing, and Yellow-breastedChat is not soobvious. Some- bird Remarks: Nestsfound House Sparrow,2 White- what of a surprzsewere the four pairs of Willow Fly- Volume 32, Number 1 77 catchers,which apparentlyfound small units of brushin Cowbird, E. Bluebird. Remarks: This area on Pelee the moist depressionsadjacent to the railroad suitable Island has been part of a nature reservesince 1972 habitat for nesting.There has been someconcern that Yellow Warblers were more numerous than in 197S this speciesmight decreaseto an endangeredstatus if Cowbirds(up to 3 males),Blue Jayand Com. Crowmay wetlandswere continually to diminish.It is hopefulthat have been residents but their behavior left us in doubt such small units of habitat are sufficient to maintain a Song Sparrows and certain other passetinesseemed few pairs. No cowbirdeggs were found in any nest.-- scarce, as they are on the island generally, perhaps A H CLAUGUS, 2285. Lake St., Carey, 0hio43316. becauseof insularity, or becauseof numeroussnakes One flicker nest was found. There were 3 broods of 74. HACKBERRY - BLUE ASH - CHESNUT OAK pheasantsflushed by the dog. -- CRAIG CAMPBELL SAVANNAH AND OLD FIELDS. -- Location: Ontario; and GREGOR Y DONALDSON (co-compilers),Box 74Z Essex Co.; Scudder, Ontario Ministry of Natural Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2J 4C2. ResourcesLighthouse Point Nature Reserve; 41ø50'N, 82ø37'W,Pelee, Dept. of NationalDefense, Ottawa. Con- 75. MIXED SWAMP AND ABANDONED FIELD. tinulty: New. Size: 28.3 ha = 70 acres(measured from -- Location: Ontario; 4.8 km (3 mi) N of Acton, Conc 3, map,scale 1:4800). Description of Plot:Hackberry (Cel- Lot, 5, Parcel 7. Plot centermilitary grid co-ordinate t,s occidentalis)and Blue Ash (Fraxinusquadrangulata) 736355,Map #40P9. Continuity:New. Size: 4.85 ha = co-dominatethe canopyover most of the 40-acresavan- 12.0 acres(2.22 ha in swamp,2.63 ha in field; 146 3 x nah. Many of the ashesare large.Trees 3-in. diameter 331.6 m (480 x 1,088 ft) by survey).Description of Plot: and over,based on 20 point-centeredsamples, 78/acre. The dominanttree species in the swampare SilverMaple Speciescomprising 90% of the total numberof trees (Acer saccharinurn),E. Hemlock (Tsuga canadens•s), (figuresafter eachgive relative density (%), relative Black Ash (Fraxinusnigra), E. White Cedar(Thuja occ•- dominance(%), relativefrequency (%), and importance dentalis), and Quaking Aspen (Populustremulo•des), value(%), in that sequence):Hackberry, 33, 65, 24, 40; with much standingdeadwood. There are 2 concentra- Blue Ash 19, 22, 19, 20; Yellow Oak (Quercusmuehlen- tionsof standingwater, eachwith a depthof lessthan 75 bergd),12, 4, 13,10; Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), cm, oneof whichis adjacentto a pondwhose maximum 10, 0, 13, 8. Mean point-to-plantdistance 24 ft (7.3 m). depth is 1 to 1.5 m. The drier sectionsof the swampcon- Canopyheight 25•50 ft (7.6-15m). The lowtree and dis- sist of organicmucks and only in a few placesis the continuoustall shrublayer is comprisedlargely of Cra- groundfirm. The hemlock,cedar, and aspenare largely taegusmollis, C. crus-galli,young Hackberry, and Gray confinedto the drier areas.The latter speciesis concen- Dogwood(Cornus racemosa). Ground cover under trees trated in 2 standsnear the pond and a third (secondary is 95%, mostlycontinuous, and comprisedof grasses, regrowth)on theedge of the north field. There is also a ahen weedsand somespring-blooming native herbs. scatteringof White Birch (Betulapapyrifera), Yellow Old-field vegetationconsists of scatteredclumps of Birch (B. lutea) and Tamarack (Larix laricina)through- StaghornSumac (Rhus typhina), Fragrant Sumac (R. out the dry area. Cedar is the dominantedge species, aromatlca), Gray and Drummond's Dogwood(Cornus maple and ash are largelyconfined to the wetter areas drummondi),roses (Rosa sp.), mulberries(Morus sp.) The groundcover in the drier areasconsists of Round- and Wafer-ash(Ptelea trlfoliata). Herbaceouscover con- leavedDogwood (Cornus rotundifolia), Ground Hemlock slstsmostly of pasturegrasses, a few native grasses, and (Taxuscanadensis), Mountain Maple (A. spicatum),and weedssuch as goldenrods(Solidago sp.), Hoarhound Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis). There is much fallen (Marrubiumvulgare), Wild Carrot(Daucus carota), and deadwoodthroughout the swamp making walking dif- Yellow SweetClover (Melilotus officinalis). Young Cot- ficult but providing abundant habitat for fungi. The tonwoods(Populus deltoides) are invadingthe lower openfield is dividedinto 2 segmentsbisected by the fringesalong the N edgeof the oldfields, and Hackber- swamp.The sizesare 1.82ha (4.5 ac.)for the northfield ries are establishedin small grovesand hedgeson the and .81 ha (2 ac.) for the south. The north field had been uplands.Edge: A farm and a semi-activestone quarry planted in mixed grainsbut was abandonedin 1959 exist on the E side; Lake Henry, a dyked impoundment There is one single-familydwelling in the S-E corner of Lake Erie, and its marshyflats, border the N side; Localregeneration of SoftMaple, WhiteCedar, and Am farms,old-fields and a townshiproad extend along the E Elm (Ulmusamericana), all lessthan 1 m in height,and andS edges.Topography: Flat. Elevation: 575 ft (175m). a healthystand of aspen,6-8 m high, is occurringin the Weather: Cool, mostlybreezy and clear. Coverage:June N field. Herbaceouscover, typical of southernOntario 8-14 Total man-hours:16.8. Census: Red-winged Black- fields, includes goldenrod (Solidago sp.), milkweed bird, 10 (35, 14); Indigo Bunting,4 (14, 6); Mourning (Asclepiassp.), Plantain (Plantago major), Heal-all Dove,3 (11, 4); Am. Goldfinch,2.5; Ring-neckedPheas- (Prunella vulgaris), Aster sp., Yarrow (Achdlea ant, 2; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; E. Wood Pewee,2; millefolium),Clover (Trifolium sp.), QueenAnne's Lace Am Robin,2; Starling,2; YellowWarbler, 2; Cardinal, (Daucuscarota) and other commonplants. The south 2, Am. Woodcock,l; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; Black- field has scatteredregeneration with numerousTama- billed Cuckoo, l; Great Horned Owl, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; racksand willow (Salix sp.). Numerousgrasses compose Willow Flycatcher,1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Gray the ground cover. Weather: Generally clear with no Catbird, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Com. Yellowthroat,1; wind; loweststarting temperature 5øC, highest finishing VesperSparrow, 1; SongSparrow, 1; E. Kingbird,+. temperature29øC. Coverage: May 22, 28; June4, 9, 29- Total:24 species; 45.5 territorial males (161/km 2, 65/100 30; July 8; 0600-1000. Total man-hours: 28. Census: acres).Visitors: Chimney Swift, Tree Swallow,Barn Red-wingedBlackbird, 6 (124, 50); SongSparrow 3.5 (72, Swallow,Purple Martin, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Cedar 29); Com. Flicker, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2, Waxwing,Yellow-breasted Chat, HouseSparrow, Bob- Black-capped Chickadee, 2; E. Meadowlark, 2, N ohnk, Orchard Oriole, Com. Grackle, Brown-headed Oriole, 2; Com. Grackle, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2,
78 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Veery, 1 5, Starling, 1 5, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1 5, 78. MIXED WETLAND WITH TAMARACK AND Ruffed Grouse, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Hairy Wood- ASPEN GROVES, SHRUBLAND AND FEN. -- Loca- pecker,1; Downy Woodpecker,1; E. Kingbird, 1; E. tion: Wisconsin; Waukesha Co., Faik Woods Nature Wood Pewee,1; Blue Jay, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, ConservancyArea, 3 mi S of Waukesha, 2.5 mi S of rorer- 1, Gray Catbird, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; sectionof CountyHighways A and F; 42ø56'N,88ø14'W, Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; N. Muskego Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Waterthrush,1; Am. Goldfinch,1; ChippingSparrow, 1; 16.9 ha = 41.7 acres (approximatelyquadrangular, E White-throatedSparrow, 1; PileatedWoodpecker, 0.5; sideirregular, 410 m; S boundedby a footpathapprox Bobolink,0.5; Killdeer, +; Barn Swallow,+; Com. Crow, 405 m; W 522 m; N 380 m; NE corner irregularlybev- +, WoodThrush, +; Cardinal,+; IndigoBunting, +; eled;planimetered from aerial surveymap). Description SavannahSparrow, +. Total: 38 species;46 territorial of Plot: The major vegetationaicommunities are tama- males or females (947/km 2, 383/100 acres). Visitors: rack groves(about 25%), aspengroves (15%), shrubland Great Blue Heron, CanadaGoose, Mallard, Black Duck, (30%),and fen (30%).The predominanttree in the tama- Pintail, Red-tailedHawk, Rock Dove, ChimneySwift, rack grovesis Tamarack(Larix laricina); Quaking Aspen Red-headedWoodpecker, E. Phoebe,Alder Flycatcher, (Populustremuloides) predominates in the aspengroves, Least Flycatcher,House Wren, Bay-breastedWarbler, willow(Salix spp.) and dogwoods(Cornus spp.) are dom- Com Yellowthroat, Vesper Sparrow. Remarks: The inant in the shrubland;and while the dominantspecies followingnests were found: Red-winged Blackbird, 4; E. in the fen are sedges(Carex spp.) and Potentiliafrutt- Meadowlark,2; Corn. Flicker; 2; Mourning Dove; cosa, a large diversityof other vegetationis present A DownyWoodpecker; Ruffed Grouse; Great CrestedFly- quantitativesurvey based on a quarter-pointsurvey of 20 catcher; Song Sparrow.Thanks to P. F. Eagles for pointsin the Tamarackgroves showed a relativedensity advice.- M. SHARP, T. N. TOBIAS, Dept. of Man- of 96%, a relativedominance of 98%, and a frequencyof Envtronment Studies, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, 87ø7o.Trees by classsize N/A. The mostfrequent under- Ont , Canada. storyspecies was Red Osier Dogwood(C. stolonifera) A quarter-pointsurvey of 10 points in the aspengroves showeda relativedensity of 93%, a relativedominance of 95%, and a frequencyof 77%. A surveyof the shrubland Census76 will be found on p. 14 as part of an based on 12 transects ofS m each showed a relative cover articleby PAUL EAGLES and TERRY TOBIAS. of 49% and a frequencyof 36% for Red Osier Dogwood, and a relativecover of 28% and a frequencyof 43% of s•x willowspecies. A surveyof the fen basedon 12 transects 77. ASPEN CLEARCUT. m Location: Minnesota; of S m each showed a relative cover of 34% and a fre- ItascaCo., ChippewaNational Forest,NE ¬ of SE •A, quencyof 16% for sedges,and a relativecover of 18% Sec 3, T57N, R25W. Continuity:New. Size: 10.4 ha = and a frequencyof 11% for Potentilla. Ground coverm 25 7 acres.Description of Plot: This area was clear-cut the fen neared 100%. Edge: Borderedon W and N by loggedin early 1974.At the time of the census,maximum similar vegetation,E by a wide grassyroadside and a saphngheight was 12 ft, with Aspen (Populustrem- smallplot ofcropland,and S by uplandhardwood forest ulotdes and P. grandidentata) the dominant species. Topography:Essentially flat with gentleslope to the NW PaperBirch (Betulapapyrifera) and Red Maple (Acer Numeroussprings occur at the baseof a morainicr•dge rubrum) also occur. Understory species include to the S of the plot. Drainagepatterns are poorlydefined raspberry(Rubus spp.), Bracken (Pterldium aquilinum), but graduallyconverge in the NW part of the plotto form Bush Honeysuckle(Diervilla Ionicera), Round-leaved the headwatersof RedwingCreek. Elevation: 825-855 ft Dogwood(Cornus rugosa), and willow (Salix spp.). Edge: Weather: Normaltemperatures (45-90øF) and precipita- Borderedon the W by similarvegetation; on the S by a tion followingan abnormallyhot and dry month.Cover. Black Sprucebog, an aspen-birchwoods, and similar age:June 4, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27; July3, 6; 0530-1000 vegetation;on the E by aspen-birch;and on the N by a exceptone trip 1530-1715.Total man-hours:21. Census: young Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation. Com. Yellowthroat, 15 (89, 36); Red-wingedBlackbird, Topography:Rolling. Elevation: 1410 ft. Coverage:June 15; Song Sparrow,13 (77, 31); Yellow Warbler, 11 (65, 2-3, 9-11, 16-17, 20-21; 0530-1000. Total man-hours: 26); Swamp Sparrow, 10 (59, 24); Gray Catbird, 8 (47, 28 5 Census:Chestnut-sided Warbler, 31 (298, 121); 19); Willow Flycatcher,4.5 (27, 11); Great CrestedFly- White-throatedSparrow, 7.5 (72, 29); Mourning War- catcher,4 (24, 10); Black-cappedChickadee, 4; Veery, 4, bier, 7 (67, 27); Song Sparrow,6.5 (62, 25); Golden- Indigo Bunting, 4; Alder Flycatcher, 3 (18, 7); Am wingedWarbler, 6 (58, 23); Gray Catbird, S.5 (53, 21); Robin, 3; Blue-wingedWarbler, 3; Mourning Dove, 2, Alder Flycatcher,5 (48, 19); Veery, 4.5 (43, 18); Am. Com. Flicker, 2; Downy Woodpecker,2; Wood Thrush, Goldfinch,3 (29, 12); Com. Yellowthroat,2.5; Rose- 2; Great Horned Owl, 1; Blue Jay, 1; House Wren, 1, breastedGrosbeak, 1.5; Indigo Bunting, 1.5; Black- Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird billed Cuckoo,1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Tree (female), 1; N. Oriole, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rose-breasted Swallow,1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; Brown-headed Grosbeak,1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Red-eyed%reo, Cowbird,1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; E. Kingbird, 0.5; +. Total: 28 species;118.5 territorial males or females Brown Thrasher,0.S; Killdeer, +; ChimneySwift, +; (702/km2, 284/100 acres).Visitors: Ring-necked Pheas- HairyWoodpecker, +; BlueJay, +; CedarWaxwing, +; anL Am Woodcock, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Ruby- NashvilleWarbler, +; ConnecticutWarbler, +. Total: 27 thr,•:,lcd Hummingbird, Red-headedWoodpecker, E species;8.5 territorial males (851/km2, 344/100 acres). Kmgb•-d, Cedar Waxwing, Mourning Warbler, Com -- DEANNA K. DAWSON and JOHN R. PROBST, Grackle, E. Meadowlark. Remarks: I Red-winged North Central Forest Experiment Station, ForestService, Blackbird nest located.Fledglings noted: Black-capped USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 55108. Chickadee,Red-winged Blackbird, N. Oriole. Special
Volume 32, Number 1 79 thanksto David Stelngraeberfor the quantitativehabitat and Cane (Arundmartagtgantea). Ground coverabout descriptionand CharlesWeise for generalassistance. -- 80 to 95%. Rocks,either detachedor outcropping,of VERNON D. AUNE, S. 13, W. 22167 Ridge Road, sandstone,limestone, or chert, are frequent.A rocky, Waukesha, Wis. 53186. usuallydry creekcrosses the plot; a jeep trail followsthe bottom land and joins an improveddirt road at the NW 79. DECIDUOUS CLEARCUT. -- Location:Ten- end. Edge: Bordered on W by similar habitat; on other nessee;Washington Co., HouseCove Gap; about 4.5 mi sidesby woodsor mixed-mesophyticforest. Topography: S of JohnsonCity; 36ø14•N,82ø22'W, Erwin Quadrangle, Gentleto rathersteep (25%) slopes. Elevation: 1075-1280 USGS Continuity: Established 1975; 3 consecutive ft. Weather: Rather hot, some dry spells (no severe years Size: 20.23 ha = 50 acres.Description of Plot: See drought).Coverage: May 11-12, 27, 31; June2, 5-6, 17, AB 1117-8 (1975).Weather: Generallywarm and clear. 21; 0530-0900 (CDT), and 1930-2030.Total man-hours Coverage:May 27-31; June 3-4, 6, 8; 0600-0800. Total 201/2.Census: Indigo Bunting, 8.5 (98, 40); Field Spar- man-hours: 13. Census:Indigo Bunting, 13 (64, 26); row, 5 (57, 23); Yellow-breasted Chat, 4.5 (52, 21), Rufous-sidedTowbee, 8 (40, 16); Yellow-breasted Chat, White-eyedVireo, 4 (46, 19); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 3 5 6 (30, 12); White-eyedVireo, 4 (20, 8); KentuckyWar- (40, 16); Prairie Warbler, 3 (34, 14); Red-eyedVireo, 2 5, bler, 4; Hooded Warbler, 4; Prairie Warbler, 3 (15, 6); E. Wood Pewee, 2; Rufous-sided Towbee, 2; Cerulean Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 2; Cardinal, 2; Com. Warbler, 1.5; Summer Tanager, 1.5; Ruby-throated Flicker, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Hummingbird, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1;. Com. Yellow- Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; throat, 1; Cardinal, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Yellow-balled Chestnut-sided Warbler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird Cuckoo,0.5; DownyWoodpecker, 0.5; Tufted Titmouse, (female),1; DownyWoodpecker, +. Total: 17 species;53 0.5; Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5; Red-tailed Hawk, +, territorial males or females (262/km 2, 106/100 acres). Broad-wingedHawk, +; ScreechOwl, +; Whip-poor- Remarks: Nest found, Com. Flicker. An increaseof 65% will, +; Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; HairyWoodpecker, in total densityfrom last year was observed.some of the +; Acadian Flycatcher, +; Carolina Chickadee, +, mostnoted increases included Indigo Bunting(9 to 13), Yellow-throatedVireo, +; ScarletTanager, +. Total: 30 White-eyedVireo (+ to 4), KentuckyWarbler (2 to 4), species;45 territorial males or females(517/km •, 209/ Hooded Warbler (+ to 4), and Prairie Warbler (0 to 3). 100 acres). Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Sharp-shinned CarolinaWren, whichwas presentin goodnumbers in Hawk, Chimney Swift, Barn Swallow,Purple Martin, the two previouscensuses (5 in 1975and 4 in 1976),was Com. Crow, E. Bluebird. Remarks: No active nests absentthis year. The Chestnut-sidedWarbler, which located.Young Field Sparrowswere numerous.About normallynests above 3500 ft elevationin this area, was 25-30 beef cattlegrazed the plot throughoutthe period unusual here (2400 ft). -- RICHARD LEWIS, Rte. 3, --RICHARD W. SIMMERS, JR., 128 Shipley St, Box 683B, Erwin, Tenn. 37650. Cookeville, Tenn. 38501.
80. PASTURES WITH BRUSH, WOODED 81. DECIDUOUS CLEARCUT. -- Location: Geor- STRIPS, AND SCATTERED TREES. -- Location: gia; Rabun Co.; ChattahoocheeNational Forest; 5 ml S Tennessee;Putnam Co., about 5 mi WNW of Monterey, of Clayton;Tiger Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New m Barnes Hollow to NW of Lee Knob; 36ø9'45"N, Size:6.88 ha = 17 acres(irregular, measured with tape) 85ø22'W, Monterey Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Deseriptinn of Plot: The area was clearcut in 1974 New Size:About 8.7 ha = 21.5 acres(very irregular, sur- Roadsbulldozed and occasionaltrees left standingwere veyedwith steeltape). Description of Plot: The 6 pastures Dogwood (Comus florida), Sourwood (Oxydendrum (separatedby hedgerowsor woodedstrips) are dominated arboreum),Serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis). The dom- by Fescue(Festuca elatior) in the lesssteep portions. inant sproutgrowth is from Red Maple (Acerrubrum), Broomsedge(Andropogon virginicus) is abundantas are Black Gum •yssa sylvatica),Tulip-tree (Liriodendron numerousother grassesand forbs. Scatteredtrees 3 to 15 tulipifera),Chestnut Oak (Quercusprinas), Black Locust m dbh are in all the pastures;saplings are numerousin •Robiniapseudo-acacia). Common shrubby species are the brushyareas (mostly on steeper slopes). Frequent tree Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia), blackberry(Rubus species are: Tulip-tree (Liriodendron), Flowering sp.),Blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans). Edge: Bordered on Dogwood(Comus florida), Redbud (Cercis),Red Cedar the N by clearcut;E, W, S by matureforest; SE by grav- (Jumperusvirginiana), Virginia Pine (Pinusvirginiana), eled Eastman Mtn Road. The census was not conducted Sourwood (Oxydendrum), Persimmon (Diospyros), within 50 ft of the forestedge or the road.Topography: Tupelo OVyssasylvatica), Sassafras, Red Maple (Acer On the SE slopeof BoggsMountain. Elevation: 2160- rubrum),White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), Winged Elm 2360 ft. Weather: Extremelyhot and dry; rainfall below (Ulmus alata), Sycamore(Platanus), White Oak (Quer- normal.Coverage: April 28; May 13-15,22, 28-29;June cusalba) and other oaks,hickories (Carya spp.), Horn- 4-5, 10-11, 25; July 3; 0700-1200. Total man-hours 21 beam (Carpinus), and Buckthorn (Rhamnus carolini- Census:Rufous-sided Towbee, 10 (145, 59); Prairie War- ana) The bottomlandwooded strips include many of the bler, 4 (58, 24); Indigo Bunting, 3 (44, 18); Mourning abovetrees, also Black Walnut (]uglansnigra), Beech Dove, 1; Carolina Wren, 1; BrownThrasher,. 1; E. Blue- (l,2tgus),Sugar Maple (A. saccharum),Buckeye (Aesculus bird, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1. Total:'8 species;22 ter- octandra),Slippery Elm (U. rubra), and hackberry(Celtis ritorial males (320/km 2, 129/100 acres).Visitors: Ruffed sp ) Other numerouswoody plants on the plot are bram- Grouse,Bobwhite, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Ruby-throated bles (Rubus spp.), Winged Sumac (Rhus copallina), Hummingbird,Com. Flicker,Hairy Woodpecker,Great Spicebush(Lindera benzoin), Strawberry-bush(Euony- Crested Flycatcher, E. Phoebe, Blue Jay, Carolina mus americanus),Prairie Rose (Rosa setigera), wild Chickadee,Solitary Vireo, Red-eyedVireo, Black-and- grapes (Vitis spp.), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), Honey- white Warbler, Pine Warbler, Ovenbird, Hooded War- suckle(Lonicera japonica), PoisonIvy (Rhus radicans), bler, Brown-headedCowbird, Scarlet Tanager, Cardinal,
80 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Plot: SeeAB 26:972 (1972).This plot wassubjected to a prescribedburn in fall 1972,and again on June 1, 1977. Censuseswere performed both beforeand after the 1977 burn. The fire reducednearly all vegetationto ashes,but growthresumed almost immediately. The two smallsea- sonalwetlands in the plot weredry throughoutthe census period.Weather: Followinga verydry summerand fall of 1976, little precipitationoccurred in winter or early spring,and conditionswere dry throughthe middle of May. Frequentrains during late springenabled vegeta- tion to grow, but were inadequateto restorewetlands. Precipitationtotaled 3.29 in. in May and 2 in. in June. Temperaturesin May were much above normal, with averageextremes of 77 and 52øF.June was somewhat warmer than average;the daily low averaged53 ø , the : dailyhigh, 78ø. Phenologically, the springseason seemed , about two weeksadvanced from normal, with respectto both plantsand birds.Coverage (Pre-burn): May 24-25; June1; 4 trips, 0655-1010,CDT. (Post-burn):June 2, 8, 16, 23, 29; July 6, 13; 7 trips, 0820-1040, CDT. Total man-hours: 3.2 Census: (Pre-burn): Bobolink, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Savannah Sparrow,0.5; GrasshopperSparrow, 0.5; Brown-headed Census 81. Deciduous Clearcut. Photo/Louis Schweizer. Cowbird(female), +. (Post-burn):Upland Sandpiper,2; Killdeer, 1; W. Meadowlark,+; Red-wingedBlackbird, Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: A Mourning Dove nestwith 2 +; Brown-headed Cowbird (female), +. Total: (Pre- eggswas located on theground. Special thanks to Marie burn): 6 species;4 territorialmales or females(83/kin 2, and E. O. Mellinger, Beanie Newhall, Sybil Arbery, 33/100 acres).(Post-burn): 5 species;3 territorialmales HesterWilks, and DorothyIckringill for their assistance. (62/km:, 25/100 acres). Visitors: (Pre-burn): Blue- --LOUIS W. SCHWEIZER, 1729B LaVista Rd. NE, wingedTeal, Killdeer,Willet, E. Kingbird,W. Kingbird, A tlantc½Ga. 30329. Barn Swallow, Yellow-headed Blackbird. (Post-burn): 82. DISTURBED MIXED PRAIRIE. -- Location: Red-tailedHawk, Marbled Godwit, Corn.Nighthawk, E. Kingbird, Tree Swallow,Cliff Swallow,Yellow-headed Illinois; Grundy Co.; GooseLake Prairie State Park, Blackbird, Corn. Grackle. --DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, near Morris;bordered on the W by the Elgin, Jolietand Northern Prairie Wildlife ResearchCenter, Jamestown, EasternRR., onthe N byCollins Road and on the E and N.D. 58401. S bysimilar prairie; 41ø23'N, 88ø18'W, Monooka Quad- rangle,USGS. Continuity: Established 1975; 3 con- 84. MIXED PRAIRIE (I). -- Location: North secutiveyears. Size: 16 ha = 39.5acres. Description of Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarter of Sect. 11, T142N, Plot: See AB 29:1121-1122 (1975). Weather: Predom- R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Woodworth Quadrangle, inantlyovercast but little rain duringcoverage. Tem- USGS. Continuity: Established1972; 6 consecutive perature60-90øF. Coverage: May 1;June 1, 18-19,26-27; years.Size: 10 ha = 24.7acres. Description of Plot: See July2-4, 8, 24; August7, 14; 0500-1300.Total man- AB 26:972 (1972). All wetlandswere dry throughoutthe hours:103.5. Census: Red-winged Blackbird. 5 (31, 13); censusperiod. Weather: See Census 83. Coverage:May Bell'sVireo, 4 (25, 10);Black-capped Chickadee, 3 (19, 19, 24-2S;June 1-2, 8, 16, 23; 8 trips, 06SS-1000,CDT. 8); Ring-neckedPheasant, 2; Gray Catbird,2; Am. Total man-hours:6.S Census:Clay-colored Sparrow, 7 Robin,2; Indigo Bunting,2; Field Sparrow,2; Am. (70, 28); Red-wingedBlackbird, 3 (30, 12); Brown- Woodcock,1; Mourning Dove, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; headed Cowbird (females), 2; Bobolink, 1.S; W. DownyWoodpecker, 1; BrownThrasher, 1; Com.Yel- Meadowlark,1.S; Willow Flycatcher, 1; GrayCatbird, 1; lowthroat,1; E. Meadowlark,1; Cardinal;1; Am. Gold- Yellow Warbler, 1: Corn.Yellowthroat, 1; Grasshopper finch, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 18 species;32 Sparrow,1; MourningDove, 0.S; E. Kingbird,0. S; territorial males (200/kin2, 81/100 acres).Remarks: Pot- SavannahSparrow, 0.S. Total: 13 species;21.S territorial holesand slough,dry all winter.were partially filled by males or females (21S/kin 2, 87/100 acres). Visitors: late May rains.Utility companycleared right-of-way Mallard, Gadwall, Blue-winged Teal, Ring-necked decimatingapproximately 80,000 Black Willows (Salix Pheasant, Killdeer, Upland Sandpiper, Willet, Barn nigra)of 1 in. and under.Correction to 1976census: Swallow,Cliff Swallow,Brown Thrasher, Am. Goldfinch. DeleteEuropean Tree Sparrow. Thanks to the Nyhoffs -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern Prairie Wildlife for theirhospitality and help and to theTweits for their ResearchCenter, Jamestown,N.D. 58401. continuedsupport. -- JANICE LINKLETTER and FRED WOOLEE 2211 W. Carmen Ave., Chicag• Ill. 60625. 85. MIXED PRAIRIE (II). -- Location: North Dakota; StutsmanCo., SW quarter of Sect. 1, T142N, 83. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS PRAIRIE. -- Loca- R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS. tion: North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarterof Sect. Continuity:Established 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: 12, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø14'W, Goldwin Quad- 6.1 ha = 1S.06 acres. Deserlption of Plot: See AB rangle, USGS. Contlnulty:Established 1972; õ con- 26:972-973(1972). This plot wasburned in fall 1971and secutiveyears. Size: 4.84 ha = 11.97acres. Description of spring1976. Since the lastburn, the vegetation, nearly all
Volume32, Number1 81 herbaceous,has regrown and litter hasbegun to accumu- USGS Continuity: Established1972, 6 consecutive late The vegetationwas resurveyed in 1977to determine years.Size: 6.1 ha = 15.06acres. Description of Plot:See changessince 1972. A fewpatches of ChokeCherry (Pru- AB 26:973-974(1972). This plot was burned in spring nusvtrginiana) were present. Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos 1970,fall 1972,and againspring 1976. Vegetation has occtdentalis)and Silverberry(Elaeagnus commutata) regrownsince the last fire. All wetlandson theplot were alsooccurred, but in low growthform, rather than dense dry throughoutthe censusperiod. Weather: See Census thickets.Uplands were dominated by Alfalfa (Medicago 83.Coverage: May 24-25; June 1-2, 8, 23;8 tripsbetween sattva), Stiff Sunflower (Helianthus rigidus), Stiff 0655-1145 hours, CDT. Total man-hours:2.5 Census: Goldenrod(Solidago rigida) and various grasses: Muhly Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Bobolink,1.5; Grasshopper (Muhlenbergiacuspidata and M. racemosa),Needle- Sparrow,1; W. Meadowlark,0.5; Brown-headedCow- and-thread(Stipa comata), Green Needlegrass (Stipa vir- bird (female),0.5; Clay-coloredSparrow, 0.5; Upland tdula),Big Bluestem(Andropogon gerardi), Little Blue. Sandpiper,+; E. Kingbird,+. Total: 8 species;6 ter- stem (Andropogonscoparius), Blue Grama (Bouteloua ritorial malesor females(98/km z, 40/100 acres).Visitor: gracths),Smooth Brome (Bromusinermis), Kentucky Am. Goldfinch.--DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON,Northern Bluegrass(Poa pratends), Quackgrass(Agropyron Prairie Wildhfe Research Center, Jamestown,ND repens)A sedge(Carexfihfolia) was also fairly common, 58401. as well as manyforbs. Wetlands were dominated by Sprangletop(Scolochloa festucacea) and SloughSedge 88. MIXED PRAIRIE (V). -- Location: North (Carexatherodes) in the centralportion and various Dakota;Stutsman Co., SE quarterof Sect.12, T142N, herbs In wet meadow zones. All six seasonalwetlands R68W;4TS'N, 99ø14'W,Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS and two temporarywetlands were dry throughoutthe Continuity:Established 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: censusperiod. Weather: See Census 83. Coverage:May 6.1 ha = 15.06acres (square, 247 m, paced).Description 24-25,June 1-2, 8, 16, 23; 8 trips,06SS-1020, CDT. Total ofPlot: SeeAB 26:974 (1972). After a seriesof prescribed man-hours:2.3. Census:W. Meadowlark,1.S; Red- burnsand two seasons of intensivesheep-grazing, most wingedBlackbird, 1.S; SavannahSparrow, 1; Killdeer, woodyvegetation has been killed, although dead trunks 0 S, Brown-headedCowbird (female), 0. S; E. Kingbird, and branchesremain. Grasses and forbshave regrown +, GrasshopperSparrow, +. Total:7 species;Sterritorial sincethe most recent burn in May 1976.The vegetation males or females (82/kin 2, 33/100 acres).Visitors: Mar- was resurveyedin 1977. The successionof burns and bledGodwit, W. Kingbird,Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: 1 intensivesheep-grazing has reducedthe thickets of amgrateful to RussellKologiski for surveying the vegeta- Hawthorn(Crataegus chrysocarpa), Choke Cherry (Pru- tion -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern Prairie nusvirginiana) and Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occiden- Wddhfe ResearchCenter, Jamestown, N.D. 58401. talis) to scatteredindividuals. Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)and Fringed Sage (Artemisiafrigida) were abun- 86. MIXED PRAIRIE (III). -- Location: North dantin the uplands.Weather: See Census 83. Coverage: Dakota; StutsmanCo., NW quarterof Sect.6, T142N, June 1-2, 8, 23; 7 trips 0700-1105, CDT. Total man- R67W, 47ø9'N,99ø14'W, Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS. hours:2.7. Census:Grasshopper Sparrow, 3 (49,20), E Continuity:Established 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: Kingbird, 1; Bobolink, 1; W. Meadowlark,1; Red- 6 1 ha = 15.06 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 26:973 wingedBlackbird, 0.5; Brown-headedCowbird (female), (1972) This plotwas burned fall 1970,spring 1975, and 0.5; Chestnut-collaredLongspur, 0.5; Upland Sand- again on June 1, 1977. Censuseswere conductedbefore piper,+; MarbledGodwit, +; W. Kingbird,+. Total: 10 and after this year'sburn. Prior to the mostrecent burn, species;7.5 territorial malesor females(123/km 2, 50/100 theherbaceous vegetation had substantiallyregrown, but acres).Visitors: Willet, Brown Thrasher. Remarks: I am shrubs,mostly Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis), gratefulto RussellKologiski for surveyingthe vegetation were still reduced in stature. The seasonal wetlands were -- DOUGLASH. JOHNSON,Northern Prairie Wildhfe dry throughoutthe censusperiod. Weather: SeeCensus ResearchCenter, Jamestown,N.D. 58401. 83 Coverage(Pre-burn): May 19, 24-25;June 1; 6 trips, 0655-0950,CDT. (Post-burn):June 2, 8, 16, 23, 29; July 89. MIXED PRAIRIE (VIII). -- Location: North 6, 13, 7 trips, 0830-1100, CDT. Total man-hours:4.1. Dakota; StutsmanCo., NW quarterof Sect. 1, T142N, Census (Pre-burn): Bobolink, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1; R68W; 47ø9'N,99ø14'W, Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird Continuity:Established 1973; 2 intermittentyears. Size: (female),1; GrasshopperSparrow, 1; E. Kingbird, 0.5; 8.7ha = 21.50acres (rectangular, 518 x 168m, paced). Upland Sandpiper,+. (Post-burn):Killdeer, 2; Upland Descriptionof Plot: See AB 27:990 (1973). Grazed Sandpiper,1; Corn. Nighthawk,+; W. Meadowlark,+; through1967 and left idleuntil June1974, when it was GrasshopperSparrow, +; Clay-coloredSparrow, +. Total incompletelyburned. Additional burns were made in (Pre-burn):7 species;S.S territorial malesor females(90/ May of 1975and 1976. Seven seasonal wetlands partially km2, 37/100 acres).(Post-burn): 6 species;3 territorial orentirely within the plot were dry throughout the census males (49/km 2, 20/100 acres). Visitors (Pre-burn): Barn period.Weather: See Census 83. Coverage: May 25; June Swallow, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Am. Goldfinch. 1-2, 8, 16; 7 trips, 0700-1130,CDT. Total man-hours (Post-burn):Willet, Bank Swallow.Remarks: The post- 3.2. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 3.5 (40, 16); W burn Grasshopperand Clay-coloredSparrows did not Meadowlark,1.5; Brown-headedCowbird (female), 1, appear until July, after a month of plant growth. -- Bobolink,0.5; E. Kingbird,+; SavannahSparrow, +, DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern Prairie Wildltfe GrasshopperSparrow, +. Total: 7 species;6.5 territorial Research Center, Jamestown, N.D. 58401. males or females (75/km:, 30/100 acres). Visitors: Sharp-tailedGrouse, Killdeer, Upland Sandpiper, Black 87. MIXED PRAIRIE (IV). -- Location: North Tern, W. Kingbird, Barn Swallow,Am. Goldfinch -- Dakota, StutsmanCo., SE quarter of Sect. 11, T142N, DOUGLASH. JOHNSON,Northern Prairie Wildhfe R68W, 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W,Woodworth Quadrangle, ResearchCenter, Jamestown, N.D. 58401.
82 AmermanBirds, January 1978 90. SANDHILL PRAIRIE. -- Location: Kansas, Denver,NE/4, Sect 14,T6S, R69W, 6th P M, 39ø32'N, HarveyCo., SandPrairie Natural History Reservation, 4 105ø5'W, Littleton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: ml E and 4 mi N of Burrton; EI/2SEI/4 Sect. 36, R3W, Established1971; 7 consecutiveyears. Size: 9.7 ha = 24 T22S, 38ø5'N, 97ø36'W, Halstead Quadrangle,USGS. acres. Deseriptlonof Plot: See AB 25:%6 (1971) Continuity:Established 1%7; 9 intermittentyears. Size: Weather: Winter and springthrough June much drier 32 38 ha = 80 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 29: than normal;July normal. Coverage: March 26; April 9, 1146-1147(1975). Weather: Cloudy to partly cloudyon 7 May 1, 15, 22, 28; June4-5, 11, 14, 26; July2, 9, 16-17, of 8 censuses;light winds;wetlands mostly dried out. 23; 0615-1930.Total man-hours:37. Census:Great Blue Coverage:June 11, 14, 18, 21, 23-25, 29; 0550-0815. Heron, 42 (432, 175); House Wren, 26 (268, 108); Star- Total man-hours:35. Census:Mourning Dove, 8 (25, 10); ling,12 (124, 50); Com. Yellowthroat, 12; Com. Grackle, Bobwhite,6 (19, 8); Field Sparrow,6; N. Oriole, 5.5 (17, 12; MourningDove, 7 (72,29); YellowWarbler, 7; Com 7), E Kingbird,5 (15,6); Yellow-billedCuckoo, 4 (12,5); Flicker, 6 (62, 25); Am. Robin, 6; Song Sparrow, 6, Cardinal, 3.5 (11, 4); Ring-neckedPheasant, 3 (9, 4); LazuliBunting, 5 (51, 21);W. Meadowlark,4 (41, 17),N Com Yellowthroat, 2; Barn Swallow, 1.5; Orchard Oriole,4; E. Kingbird,3 (31, 13);Am. Kestrel,2; Downy Oriole, 1.5; Great Horned Owl, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Great Woodpecker,2; Black-billedMagpie, 2; Black-capped CrestedFlycatcher, 1; HouseWren, 1; BrownThrasher, Chickadee,2; Gray Catbird, 2; Warbling Vireo, 2, 1, E Meadowlark,1; IndigoBunting, 0.5. Total: 18 spe- Yellow-breastedChat, 2; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1.5, cks, 52.5 territorial males (162/km2, 66/100 acres). Great HornedOwl, 1; W. Kingbird, 1; Tree Swallow,1, Remarks:An averageof 12 male and 4 femaleBrown- Am. Goldfinch,1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; BeltedKing- headedCowbirds were seen per census.Eight nestswere fisher, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 29 species, found(2 E. Kingbird,2 N. Oriole, I MourningDove, 1 172.5 territorial males (1776/km •, 719/100 acres) BlueJay, 1 E. Meadowlark,1 Cardinal).The Gray Cat- Excludingthe colonialnesting herons, 130.5 territorial bird, Bell's Vireo and Red-wingedBlackbird, nesting on males(1344/km 2, 544/100 acres).Remarks: The popula- most previouscensuses, were not found this year. -- tion reachedits highesttotal in the 7 yearsof the census DEBBIE HUNSBERGER, JANET MO YER, D WIGHT -- 8 territorialmales higher than the first year -- with R PLATT (compiler)and RICHARD PLATT, Dept. of 30% more heron neststhan last year and an increasein Btology,Bethel College, North Newton,Kans. 6711Z the balanceof the populationto slightlymore than the 6-yearaverage. As reportedlast year, only about 25% of 91. MIXED HABITAT - DISTURBED BOTTOM- the cottonwoodsare still alive.Perhaps 10% of the dead LAND. -- Location: Oklahoma; Washington Co'., trees have fallen. The live trees remain in standsamong Dewey,2 mi W of intersectionof Ninth St. and Hwy 75 expansesof deadtrees. The open areas of deadtrees have and 0.3 mi N on E bank of CaneyRiver; 36ø48'N,95 ø created hot micro-climates,which contrast with milder 58'W, Tulsa Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- daytimetemperatures in thecanopied sections. Nonethe- hshed 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: 40.47 ha = 100 lessa numberof speciesthat normallynest in deciduous, acres Description of Plot: See AB 26:976-977 (1972). leafytrees, persisted in less-than-idealconditions. Most Weather: Mild and dry. Temperatureextremes on count warblers,robins, and oriolesconfined their nest sitesto days (which were clear to partly cloudy)were 52ø and livepatches, and all canopynesters have declined The 92øF Coverage:April 9, 16, 22, 29; May 6, 18, 25, 29-30; highnon-heron population arises in part from a newspe- June 2, 13, 22, 29; 0650-1300, 1315-1630. Total man- cies, Com. Grackle, which arrived en masse. Hole- hours: 45. Census: Indigo Bunting, 15.5 (38, 16); Blue- nestingspecies, utilizing dead trees, continue to increase grayGnatcatcher, 14 (35, 14);Red-winged Blackbird, 11 a little -- flicker,woodpecker, Starling -- andthe House (27, 11); Cardinal, 10 (25, 10); Com. Yellowthroat, 8.5 Wrens have maintained almost averagenumbers The (21, 9); Yellow-billedCuckoo, 6.5 (16, 7); Ruby-throated heronsincreased by 10 pairsover last year; and from 9 Hummingbird,6 (15, 6); Brown-headedCowbird, 5 (12, pairsin 1971to thisyear's 42. The newreservoir has pro- 5), Am. Goldfinch,4 (10, 4); Field Sparrow,4; Tufted vided more extensivefeeding sites close in, and it has Titmouse, 3.5 (9, 4); Yellow-breasted Chat, 3.5; Painted alsoled to an undisturbednesting site. This year,for the Bunting, 3.5; Dickcissel,3.5; E. Wood Pewee,3 (7, 3); first time, heronsperched in trees away from the her- Blue Jay, 3; Carolina Chickadee,3; Red-eyedVireo, 3; onry;the youngfledged 1-2 weeksearlier than usual, Red-bellied Woodpecker,2.5; Downy Woodpecker,2.5; nestingpossibly accelerated by the dry, warm spring The N Parula, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; E. Meadowlark, 2; onlyspecies recording new peaksthis year besidesthe Bobwhite,1; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; Great Crested gracklewas Song Sparrow, up to 6 from a previoushigh Flycatcher, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; of 2. Up from their averagepopulations were yellow- Rough-wingedSwallow, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; throats and flickers, each double the 6-year average E Bluebird, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Red-shouldered Droppingwere canopy nesters: robins, Yellow Warblers, Hawk, 0.5; Barred Owl, 0.5; Orchard Oriole, 0.5; Corn. orioles,and goldfinches,each less than half of its 6-year Flicker, +; Brown Thrasher, +; Wood Thrush, +; Pro- average.The Yellow Warbler has droppedespecially this thonotaryWarbler, +; N. Oriole, +; Blue Grosbeak,+. year,from a previouslow ofl0 in 1975,and from a 6-year Total: 41 species;132 territorial males(326/km 2, 132/ averageof 16. For herons,grackle, and Starling, the 100 acres).Remarks: The marsh has been dry for two populationreported equals the number of nestsfound years Cattails were scatteredand only a few female These species are apparently non-territorial, except Red-wingedsfound nesting sites. Carolina Wrens were perhapsaround the immediatevicinity of their nests,and absent.The Wood Thrush was a new species.--ELLA each feeds far from the nest site, outside the plot 94 DELAP, 409N. Wyandotte,Dewey, Okla. 74029. Nestsfound: 42 heron, 12 Starling, 12 grackle, 9 wren, 6 flicker,4 robin, 2 magpieand oriole,and oneeach of owl, 92. FLOODPLAIN COTTONWOOD FOREST. -- DownyWoodpecker, E. Kingbird, chickadee,and Song Location: Colorado; JeffErsonCo., about 10 mi SW of Sparrow.The plot is locatedin ChatfieldState Park, and
Volume 32, Number 1 83 we thank Ron Madsen,and h•s staff, for providing Plmn T•tmouse,1, White-breastedNuthatch, 1, W access. -- FRANK and JAN JUSTICE, URLING Bluebird, 1; Hutton's Vireo, 1; Orange-crownedWar- KINGERE HUGH KINGERY (compiler),869 Mil- bier, 1. -- BOB and RUTH LOVELESS, Starr Ranch waukee St., Denver, Colo. 80206. Audubon Sanctuary,P.O. Box 157, San Juan Capts- trano, Calif. 92675. 93. FLOODPLAIN COTTONWOOD FOREST. -- Location: Colorado; Weld Co., on the W bank of the 95. SYCAMORE-COAST LIVE OAK RIPARIAN South Platte River about 6 mi S and 1.5 mi E of Johns- WOODLAND. -- Location:California; Orange Co, on town, extends from the confluence of the St. Vrain Creek the Ronald W. CaspersRegional Park in Bell Canyon, and South Platte River S about .7 mi. Parts of Sects.34 & 6.1 mi SE of TrabucoOaks Post Office; 33ø35'33"N,117 ø 35 T4N, R67W, 40ø21'N, 104ø14'W,Milliken Quad- 34'W, CailadaGobernadora Quadrangle, USGS Con- rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1973; 5 con- tinuity:New. Size: 7.2 ha= 17.8acres (rectangular, 120 secutlveyears. Size: 52.2 ha = 128.9acres. Description of x 600 m); measuredwith tape). Descriptionof Plot: Plot: SeeAB 27:997(1973). Weather: Mostly clear, dry Typicalcanyon-bottom riparian woodland, mostly closed and warmthroughout period. Coverage: May 6, 13, 24, canopyof Sycamore(Platanus racemosa), and CoastLive 31, June 7, 14, 22, 28; 0600-0945. Total man-hours: 19. Oak (Quercusagrifolia) with about 20% opengrassy Census:House Wren, 58 (111,45); Starling,45 (86, 35); area. Understoryshrubs in order of relativefrequency MourningDove, 8 (15, 6); Com. Yellowthroat,8; Corn. areCalifornia Sagebrush (Artemisia californica), Black Flicker,7 (13, 5); Brown-headedCowbird, 7; E. King- Sage(Salvia mellifera), Prickly Pear (Opuntia sp.), Mule- bird, 5 (10, 4); Red-wingedBlackbird, 4 (8, 3); N. Oriole, fat (Baccharissp.), White Sage(S. apiana),California 3 (6, 2); Killdeer,2; Am. Robin,2; W. Meadowlark,2; Buckwheat(Eriogonum fasciculatum), Cardoon (Cynara SongSparrow, 2; Am. Kestrel,1; BeltedKingfisher, 1; cardunculus),Poison Oak (Toxicodendrondiverstloba), Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; Laurel Sumac (Rhus laurina), and severalunidentified Black-billedMagpie, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; grasses.A dry streambed approximately75 ft widetran- BrownThrasher, 1; YellowWarbler, 1; Yellow-breasted sectsthe plot. Discontinuousclumps of Mulefat grow Chat, 1; LazuliBunting, 1. Total: 23 species;163 ter- alongthe streambank and in the bed. A quantqtatlve ritorial males (312/km 2, 126/100 acres). Remarks: An surveygave the followingresults. Trees, 3 in. diameter increase of 16% in territorial males over 1976 was seen. and over,based on ten 0.1 acre squaresamples, 800/ Thisis mostly attributable to an increasein Starlingsand acre;total basalarea 159.7 sq ft/acre.Species compris- to theinclusion of Brown-headedCowbirds in thisyear's ing 100%of the total numberof trees(figures after each data The numberof breedingspecies decreased by 3 numberof trees/acre,relative density in percent,relative from 1976but mostbreeding birds occurredin similar dominanceand relativefrequency in that sequenceSyc- numbers.--LADISLAV R. HANKA, Dept. ofZool. and amore 590, 74, 51, 70; Coast Live Oak 210, 26, 49, 80 Ent , Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo. 80523. Thereare a smallnumber of deadtrees on the ground Treesby diametersize class (figures after each class give 94. SYCAMORE - COAST LIVE OAK RIPARIAN numberof trees/acre,relative density in percent,basal WOODLAND. -- Loeatlon: California; Orange Co., areain sq ft/acre,relative dominance in percent):A (3-6 on the Starr Ranch Audubon Sanctuary,in Bell Can- in.) 280, 35, 28, 2; B (6-9 in.) 90, 11, 27, 2; C (9-15 •n ) yon, 4.5 mi SE of Trabuco CanyonPost Office (5 mi N 110, 14, 88, 6; D (15-21 in.) 60, 8, 108, 7; E (21-27 in ) 90, of the entranceto Ronald W. CaspersRegional Park on 11,279, 17; F (26-33in.) 80, 10, 392, 25; G (33-40 in ) 50, the Ortega Highway); 33ø36'3if'N, 117ø34'W, Cafiada 6, 355, 22; H (> 40 in.) 40, 5, 320, 20. Shrub stems/acre GobernadoraQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- 15,850;ground cover 48,5%; canopycover 35.5%, aver- hshed1976. Size: 6.8 ha = 16.8 acres.Description of agecanopy height 31.4 ft (range9-45 ft). Plantsproviding Plot: See ,,lB 31:70 (1977). Weather: Morning tem- seeds are the Sycamore,Coast Live Oak, Cahforma peratures39-52øF, averaging 46 ø. Precipitation: 2.34 in. Buckwheat, and miscellaneous shrubs. Tree Tobacco Coverage--April 12, 19, 25; May 2, 14-15,18, 20; 0510- •icotiana glauca)was blooming and provides a sourceof 0940 Total man-hours: 62. Census:House Wren, 15.5 nectarfor hummingbirds.This wasa verydry year and (228, 92); Starling, 10 (147, 60); LesserGoldfinch, 6.5 fewannual plants were blooming. No runningwater was (96, 39); Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 5 (74, 30); Plain Tit- on the plot. Weather:The averagemaximum-minimum mouse, 5; Orange-crownedWarbler, 5; Com. Bushtit, temperatureswere 71/48øF.The highesttemperature 4 5 (66, 27); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4.5; Brown Towhee, was85 ø and the lowest was 41 ø. Approximately half of the 4 5, Western Flycatcher, 4 (59, 24); Scrub Jay, 4; dayswere overcast. All the rain (2.34in.) fell on May 8-9 Bewlck's Wren, 3.5 (51, 21); Hutton's Vireo, 3.5; N. Edge: Borderedon the E by a slopecovered with the Oriole, 2.5; Mourning Dove, 2; Black-chinned Hum- typical coastalsage plants already listed. On the W a mingbird, 2; Com. Flicker, 2; Acorn Woodpecker,2; gentlegrass-covered slope that gradually steepens to a 75 Nuttall's Woodpecker,2; W. Wood Pewee, 2; Black- ft wall coveredwith LaurelSumac and oak. Contiguous headed Grosbeak, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 1.5; riparian woodlandlies N and S. Topography:Flat Am Kestrel, 1; Costa's Hummingbird, 1; Anna's Hum- Elevation:520 ft. Coverage:Apr. 23-May 22; 9 surveys mingbird, I; W. Bluebird, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Averagetime per survey:175 minutes; 0630-0930 (6) and Brown-headedCowbird (female), 1; House Finch, I; 1600-1900(3). Total man-hours:26. In addition, 6 hours Song Sparrow, 1; Red-shoulderedHawk, 0.5; Barn were spentlocating nests. Census: House Wren, 10 (139, Owl, +. Total: 32 .species;102 territorial males or 156);Scrub Jay, 7.5 (104,42); Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 5 females(1500/km •, 607/100 acres).Visitors: Red-tailed (69, 28); BrownTowhee, 5; AcornWoodpecker, 4 5 (62, Hawk, California Quail, Wrentit. Remarks:32 nestsof 25); Starling,4.5; MourningDove, 3 (42, 17); Plain Tit- the following specieswere located: House Wren, 11; mouse,3; Corn. Bushtit, 3; Corn. Flicker, 2.5; Cactus Starling, 10; Com. Bushtit, 2; Bewick'sWren, 2; Red- Wren, 2.5; NuttaWsWoodpecker, 2; Rufous-sidedTow- shoulderedHawk, 1; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 1; bee, 1 5; Am Kestrel, 1; Barn Owl, 1; Poor-will,1,
84 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Anna's Hummlngbtrd, 1, Western Flycatcher, 1, Wren- MesquiteA 2, 2, 0 2, +, B 4, 5, 1 2, +, C6, 7, 4 7, 2, D 7, tit, 1, White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; W. Bluebird, 1. 8, 12.4, 4; E 3, 4, 9.4, 3; F 4, 5, 19.6, 3; G 3, 4, 21.8, 8, H Total: 21 species; 62 territorial males or females 4, 5, 42.2, 15.Canopy cover, 80%; average canopy height, (861/100 ha, 348/100 acres). Remarks: Nests located: 11 ft. Topography:A narrowcanyon wash with a stream Mourning Dove, 3; HouseWren, 3; Acorn Woodpecker, flowingthrough it; graduallysloping downhill from W to 2, Cactus Wren, 2; Am. Kestrel, 1; Anna's Humming- E. Elevation: 2700 ft in the W to 2400 ft in the E. Edge: bird, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; Starling, 1. We thank Erin Steepcanyon walls form N and S boundaries;E and W Flanaganfor help layingout the plot and Kathy Bishop edgesare formedby the end of riparianvegetation and and Karen Cox for doing the vegetation analysis. -- beginning of a sparse Creosote Bush community THOMAS R. G UND Y and PATRICIA A. FLANA GAN, Weather: Temperatures varied from 55-92øF No 2412 Teasley,La Crescenta,Calif 91214. precipitationwas recordedduring the censusperiod 96. WILLOW RIPARIAN. -- Location: California; Coverage:April 6, 13, 20, 27; May 5, 19, 26, 31; 0545- Inyo Co., E slopeof the Inyo Mtns., at Willow Creek 0945. Total man-hours: 32. Census:Mourning Dove, 22 Camp,43.2 mi SE of Big Pine,along Saline Valley Rd., (601,243); House Finch, 8 (219, 88); Costa'sHumming- Sec 2, T13S, R37E, Waucoba Wash Quadrangle, bird (males),5 (137, 55); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 5, USGS; 36ø50'N,117ø55'W. Continuity: New. Size: 3.66 Hooded Oriole, 2; Black-headedGrosbeak, 2; Lesser ha = 9.04 acres(1335 m long and a meanwidth of 27.4 Goldfinch, 2; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 1. Total: 8 spe- m Width variesfrom 7 to 62 m dependingon width of cies; 47 territorial males (1285/kmz, 520/100 acres) vegetation).Deserlptlon of Plot:A riparianand mesquite Remarks: The following nestswere found: Mourning communityalong the lowerportion of WillowCreek in Dove, 4; Costa's Hummingbird, 2; Blue-gray Gnat- oneof the E facingcanyons of the InyoMtns.; the canyon catcher, 3; Hooded Oriole, 1; House Finch, 2; Lesser drainsinto SalineValley. The plot followsa permanent Goldfinch,1. A groupof 10-20fetal burrosused the plot stream(E - W in direction)and liesat the mouthof Wil- regularlyduring the censusperiod, and in the vicinityof lowCreek Canyon. The vegetationvaries in density;the the water course,caused erosion and scarringby tram- lowerE end and upperW end containdense stands of pling and wallowing;destruction of vegetationthrough trees, while the middle 1310 ft has sparsevegetation heavygrazing and tramplingcan damagethe rich flora either because of lack of water or narrowness of the and fauna of this riparianarea. I thank MichaelC Long gorge,at theupper W endthe water is undergroundfor for identification of some of the plants and a special about 492 ft. Dominant trees are Red Willow (Salix laevi- thanks to the staff for their assistanceand suggestions gata), Narrow-leafWillow (S. exigua),and Screwbean The studywas sponsored by the Bureau of Land Man- MesquiteOVrosopis pubescens). Mule Fat (Baccharisglu- agement,California Desert Plan Program.--ROBERT ttnosa)forms narrow groves of understorythroughout the L. MCKERNAN, 2620 N. 40th Street, Phoenix, Artz 85008. plot SquawWaterweed (B. sergiloides)is presentbut rare ArrowweedOVluchea sericea) occurs primarily in the 97. WILLOW-RIPARIAN I. -- Location: California, centerof the plot whereit is dominant.Cattail (Typha Inyo and Kern Cos., Sand Canyon, in S extensionof the domtngensis)ispresent in onearea where the stream has Sierra Nevada Mtns., 12 mi N on State Hwy. 14 from been dammed. Ground cover is nearly absent in the intersectionof State Hwys. 178 and 14, then 3.5 mi W on lowerhalf due to scouringfrom the streamand grazing Brown Rd.; from center of Sect. 7, T25S, R38E, up the byferal burros. The majority of theground cover in the canyonfollowing the main streamapproximately 1 4 upperhalf is composedof CoopeftsRush ffuncus coop- Little Lake Quadrangle, USGS; 35ø47'N, 117ø56'W ert), it occursin densestands in three areas.Watercress Continuity:New. Size: 2.3 ha = 5.7 acres.Description of (Rortppanasturtium-aquat[ca), Stream Orchid (Epipac- Plot: Canyonbottom with constantrunning stream Area us gtgantea),Paintbrush (Castilleja minor) and Salt sampledfor birds was approximately6.5-10 ft on each Grass(Dist[chlis spicata) make up the other components side of the stream. A dirt road followsthe stream at vary- of theground cover. In a fewareas Creosote Bush (,Larrea ing distancesall alongthe willow plot. Three intermit- trtdentata)and Four-wingSaltbush (Atriplex canescens) tent streams and many gullies feed the stream after occurin smallclumps. Flash floods occur frequently in rains.Vegetation: A streamsidecommunity consisting of the gorge.There are severalareas within the plot where willows, cottonwoodsand woody shrubs. The woody feral burros have grazed or trampled vegetationfrom understoryconsists primarily of Willow (Salixgood&n- groundlevel to a heightof 5 ft. A quantitativesurvey of g[i), Mule Fat (Bacchar[sglutinosa), Squaw Waterweed the vegetationgave the followingresults: Trees, 3-in. (B. serg[loides),Rabbit Brush (Chrysothamnusnauseo- diameter and over, based on a count of all trees 84/acre; sus,C. viscMiflorus,C. teretifolius),Four-wing Saltbush total basal area, 282.3 ft2/acre (figuresafter each give (Atriplexcanescens), and CaliforniaGrape (V[tis gtrdt- number of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative ana). Other shrubsare Gnaphalium wright[[, Gutierrezta dominance,in that sequence:Willow, both Red and microcephala,Artemisia dracunculus,A. ludovtctana, Narrow-leaf51, 61, 60; ScrewbeanMesquite 33, 39, 40. Haplopappusl[nearifolius, Salvia dorrii, Salazaria mext- Totaltrees by diametersize class (figures after each class cana, œepidospartumsquamatum, Zauschner[acaltfor- givenumber of trees/acre, relative density (%), basal area nica, Stephanomeriapauciflora, Penstemonfruttctfor- in ft2/acre,relative dominance, in that sequence):A (3-6 mis, and Solidagooccidentalis. A quantitativesurvey of in ) 5, 6, 0.5, +; B (6-9 in.) 8, 10, 2.4, 1; C (9-15in.) 18, 21, the vegetationgave the followingresults: trees, 3qn 14 1, 5; D (15-21in.) 17,20, 30.1, 11; E (21-27in.)10, 12, diameterand over,based on six 0.1-acrecircle samples, 31 4, 11; F (27-33in.) 9, 11, 44.1, 16; G (33-40in.) 6, 8, 137.6/acre: total basal area, 62.6 ft2/acre. Speciescom- 43 6, 15; H (> 40 in.) 11, 13, 116.1,41. Tree speciesby prising the study plot (figure after each speciesgives diameter size class-- Willow: A 3, 4, 0.3, +; B 4, 5, 1.2, number of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative +, C 12, 14, 9.4, 3; D 10, 12, 17.7,6; E 7, 8, 22.0, 8; F 5, dominance,and frequency in that order):Willow 112,81, 6, 24 5, 9; G 3, 4, 21 8, 8; H 7, 8, 73.9, 26. Screwbean 79, 83; CottonwoodOVopulus fremontii) 26, 19, 21, 33
Volume 32, Number 1 85 Total treesby diametersize class (figures after eachclass canyonand artificialsprings for the cattle The streamis gnvenumber of trees/acre,relative density (%), basal area less than 1.6 ft in width in all sections and 0.4-2 in in in ft2/acre, and relative dominance): A (3-6 in.) 75, 55, depth. The riparian habitat varies greatly in width, 8 3, 13; B (6-9 in.) 30, 22, 9.3, 15; C (9-15 in.) 19, 14, 15.1, canopyheight, and composition.Vegetation: Willows 24, D (15-21 in.) 10, 7, 17.0, 27; E (21-27 in.) 2, 1, 5.0, 8; and Cottonwoodsare interspersedwith White Alder and F (27-33 in.) 2, 1, 7.8, 12. Tree speciesby diametersize California Grape. The woody undergrowthconsists of class - Willow: A 66, 48, 6.5, 10; B 22, 16, 6.9, 11; C 14, (listed in decreasingorder of density):Arroyo Willow 10, 11 3, 18; D 6, 5, 11.3, 18; E 2, 1, 5.0, 8; F 2, 1, 7.8, 12. (Salixlasiolepis), California Grape (Vitisgitdiana), Rab- Cottonwood:A 10, 7, 1.1, 2; B 8, 6, 2.4, 4; C 5, 4, 3.8, 6; bit Bush (Chrysothamnusnauseosus), Broom Baccharis D 3, 2, 5.6, 9. Groundcover, 28%; canopycover, 49%; (Baccharissergiloides), Four-wing Saltbush (Atr•plex averagecanopy height, 32.2 ft (range8-55 ft). Livestock canescens), Cottonwood (Populus fremontii), White grazing is prevalentand has reducedvegetation in the Alder (Alnus rhombifolia), Bladderpod Orsomer•s understory,contributing to clearingswithin the willows arborea), Cheesebush(Hymenoclea salsola), Big Sage- and shrubs;cattle trails criss-crossthe plot. Human use brush (Artemisiatridentata), Desert Straw (Stephanome- (campers)may also contributeto clearingsand lossof ria paucifiora), Burrobush(Ambrosia dumosa), Paper cover Litter of sticks and fallen woodsis lacking and Bag Bush (Salazaria mexicana), Brickcilia (Brickelha appearsto havebeen collectedfor firewood.Edge: The californica),Joshua Tree (Yuccabrevifolia), and Flannel long edgesborder on a variety of desertplant commu- Bush (Fremontodendroncalifornica). Two tree species tories,most of whichinclude a large amountof Burro- which were presentbut not sampledare: Black Walnut bush (Ambrosia dumosa). Coverage:April 16-17, 23; {luglansnigra) and Digger Pine (Pinussabiniana). Her- May 12, 19-20,25-26; 0430-0830,PST. Total man-hours: baceousplants are representedby Wire Grass (luncus 32 Census:Mourning Dove, 15 (650, 263); Lazuli Bunt- mexicanus),Salt Grass(Distichlis spicata), Beard Grass lng, 9 (390, 158); Bewick'sWren, 8 (347, 140); Wilson's (Polypogonmonospeliensis), Foxtail (Bromus rubens), Warbler, 8; House Finch, 7 (303, 123); Costa's Hum- Tule Grass (Scirpuscernuus) and Needle Grass (Sapa mingbird,6 (260, 105);Brown Towbee, 6; Black-headed speciosus).A quantitativesurvey of the vegetationgave Grosbeak, 4 (173, 70); Scrub Jay, 3 (130, 53); Lesser the following results: Trees, 3 in. diameter and over Goldfinch, 3; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 2; Warbling based on sixteen0.1 acre circular samples,229/acre, Vireo, 2; W. Wood Pewee, 1. Total: 13 species;74 ter- total basal area, 73.3 fWacre. Speciescomprising the tutorial males (3208/km 2, 1298/100 acres). Remarks: studyplot (figuresafter each give number of trees/acre, High densityfigures are to someextent an artifactof the relativedensity (%), relativedominance, and frequency, samplingtechnique. While the areaof willowhabitat is in that sequence):Arroyo Willow 97, 42, 26, 94; Cotton- only 5.7 acres, many birds nestingin the willows use wood79, 35,40, 88;White Alder 46, 20, 34,50; Chhfor- adjacenthabitats extensively. Thus the actual area of all nia Grape 7, 3, 1, 6. Total trees by diameter size class habitats used by the birds breeding in the willows is (figures after each class give number of trees/acre, probably 10 or 20 times greater than the area sampled relative density (%), basal area in ft2/acre, relative for birds. Estimatesof numbersof Mourning Dovesand dominance,in that sequence):A (3-6 in.) 125, 54, 12 3, House Finches may be inaccurate due to the difficulties 16; B (6-9 in.) 57, 25, 16.6, 22); C (9-15 in.) 37, 16, 29 5, of determiningbreeding birds in contrastto thosepass- 38; D (15-21 in.) 9, 4, 16.8, 22; E (21-27 in.) 1, +, 1 9, 2 lng through.A Hermit Thrushmay breed on the census Tree speciesby diametersize class- Arroyo Willow A area,although no positiveevidence was found. Thrushes 71, 31, 6.9, 9; B 18, 8, 5.2, 7; C 7, 3, 5.5, 7; D 1, +, 2 2, 3, appearedto be regularlyspaced along the streamand Cottonwood: A 36, 16, 3.6, 5; B 21, 9, 6.2, 8; C 19, 8, were repeatedlyfound in the samelocations. A Brown- 15.5, 20; D 2, 1, 3.4, 4; E 1, +, 1.9, 2; White Alder: A 11, headedCowbird probably reproduces in the area, but no 5, 1.1, 1; B 18, 8, 5.2, 7; C 11, 5, 8.5, 11; D 6, 3, 11.2, 14, actualcases of parasitismwere recorded. Several species California Grape: A 7, 3, 0.7, 1. Ground Cover, 37%, expectedto breed here (Bell's Vireo, yellowthroatand, canopycover, 63%; averagecanopy height, 41.3 ft (range Yellow-breastedChat) apparentlydid not. This study 16-68).Cattle can get to the streambedin threeseparate wassponsored by the Bureauof Land Management,Cal- sectionstotaling 2356 ft, 607 ft of which haswater in the lformaDesert Program; they al•so provided the vegeta- bed. In theseareas the undergrowthhas beentrampled tion data. -- CHARLES F. DOCK, 1164 W. Adams and except for a few grapes, the shrubs have been Blvd , LosAngles, Calif. 90007. destroyed.One residentlives in the censusarea dunng the winter months.Edge: The riparian habitat is sur- 98. WILLOW RIPARIAN II. --Location: California; roundedprimarily by a RabbitBrush - Four-wingSalt- Kern Co., GrapevineCanyon. The GrapevineCanyon bush communityin the lower half, and a Rabbit Brush - roadturns W off U.S. Hwy. 395 2 mi N of the junctionof CaliforniaGrape community in the upper half, and Big StateHwy. 14 andU.S. Hwy. 395;the plotbegins 2.3 mi Sagebrushonly in the upper262 ft of the plot. Topog- up the canyonroad in the NW¬ Sect.29, T25S, R38E raphy:Slightly sloping W to E from an elevationof 3500- and endsin SW¬ Sect. 19, T25S, R38E, Inyokern Quad- 3150 ft. The creekbed is within 225 ft of the mountain rangle, USGS; 35ø44'N, 117ø55'W.Continuity: New. slopeson the N sideof the canyonand within 600 ft on Size: 3.88 ha = 9.59 acres(rectangular, 1931 m long the S side. The plot followsthe N fork of the creek followingstreambed, paced; width ranges from 5 to 82 Weather: Temperatures,48-84øF. One-tenth inch of finn m, pacedat 50 m intervalsto givea meanof 20.1 m). fell during one censusday; winds,0-20 mph. Coverage: Descriptionof Plot: Beginsat the old Los Angeles April 3, 5, 7-9; May 24-26, 28, 30; June 1, 5; 0530-1200 aqueductin the canyonand ends at the lastcontinuous and 1830-2215, PST. Total man-hours: 53. Census: sectionof cottonwoods.Water is presentin fivedifferent California Quail, 18 (464, 188); House Finch, 14 (361, sectionstotaling 2457 ft. Noneof the wateris naturally 146); LesserGoldfinch, I1 (283, 115); Bewick's Wren, 4 on the surface but there are wells for the residents of the (103, 42); BrownTowhee, 4; Mourning Dove, 2; Costa's
86 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Hummingbird,2, Anna'sHummingbird, 2, Starling,2, = 20 acres Weather: Extremelydry during spring and N Oriole, 2; Great Horned Owl, 1; RufousHumming- first part of summer.Coverage: June 7, 13,22, 28; July6, bird, 1; Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 1; Scrub Jay, 1; 14, 22, 29; August 8, 17, 26; 0800-2030.Total man- Plain Titmouse, 1; W. Bluebird, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat, hours: 43. Census:W. Bluebird, 12 (148, 60); W. Wood 1, Yellow-breasted Chat, 1; Lawrence's Goldfinch, 1; Pewee,3 (37, 15); Broad-tailedHummingbird, 2; Black- Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 20 species;71 territorial headed Grosbeak, 2; LesserGoldfinch, 2; Rufous-sided males (1829/km 2, 740/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found Towhee,2; Cooper'sHawk, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, include Mourning Dove, 2; Anna's Hummingbird, 2; 1; HouseWren, 1; SolitaryVireo, 1; Virginia's Warbler, House Finch, 1; and Rufous-sided Towhee, 1. Seven 1; Brown-headedCowbird (female), 1; W. Tanager, 1, coveysof immature California Quail were observed.The Lark Sparrow,1. Total: 14 species;31 territorialmales or visitingErnpidonax flycatchers, W. Wood Pewee,and females (383/km2, 155/100 acres). Visitors: Mourning Wdson'sWarblers might be breedinghere but neither Dove, Rufous Hummingbird, Com. Flicker, Hairy nestingbehavior nor nestswere observed. Several species Woodpecker,Steller's Jay, Scrub Jay, Com. Crow, nesting around the riparian habitat on the mountain Black-cappedChickadee, Mountain Chickadee, Pygmy slopesthat may or may not foragein or overthe riparian Nuthatch, Am. Robin, HouseFinch, ChippingSparrow, habitat are: Turkey Vulture, Red-tailedHawk, Roadrun- Brewer'sSparrow. Remarks: There were 13 box-nests ner, Poor-will, Com. Raven, Rock Wren, Loggerhead White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; W. Bluebird, 12; 3 other Shrike, Sage Sparrow, and Black-throated Sparrow. nestswere found: Cooper'sHawk, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1 Densitiesof California Quail may be inaccuratebecause (with one Brown-headedCowbird egg); Lark Sparrow,1 of difficulty differentiatingbirds nestingin the riparian (fledged2 young).The White-breastedNuthatch fledged from thosejust feedingor roostingthere. The high den- 6 young.This wasonly a fair yearfor the W. Bluebirds, sity of California Quail may be a result of minimum of only 56 eggscompared to 79 in 1976, but survivalwas hunting pressureson this privateland. This studywas good,29 fledged,only 2 wereinfertile; predators got at 7 sponsoredby the Bureauof Land Management,Califor- boxes.Bluebirds nested later this year, perhapsbecause nia Desert Plan Program. --PETER WOODMAN, it was so very dry, consequentlyfew wild flowersand 1825 Weirnan,Ridgecrest, Calif. 93555. fewer insects. --MILDRED O. SNYDER, 161 Del Mar Circle, Aurora, Colo. 80011. 99. OPEN ASPEN GROVE - SCATTERED CON- IFERS. -- Locatlon: Colorado; Larimer Co., Rocky 101. CALIFORNIA-BAY - BISHOP PINE - MIXED Mountain National Park, NE •A Sect. 31, T5N, R73W; FOREST. -- Location: California; Marin Co., 0.5 mi S 40ø22'N, 105ø37'W,Longs Peak Quadrangle,USGS. of Inverness;38ø03 'N, 122ø50'W, InvernessQuadrangle, Continuity:Established 1976. Size: 14 ha = 34.6 acres. USGS. Continuity: Established 1972; 6 consecutive Deserlptlonof Plot: See,,lB 31:72-73.Weather: One of years.Size: 11.7 ha = 29 acres.Description of Plot: See the driestSprings on record.Snowpack 40% of normal; AB 26:981 (1972). Weather: See Census106. Coverage: 100mph wind during the secondweek in May blewdown March 31; April 14, 18-19, 28; May 25; June 9; 0600- manygood nesting trees. Coverage: April 29; May 7, 21- 1200. Total man-hours: 21. Census: Wilson's Warbler, 8 22, June 4, 11-12, 18, 25; 0530-1100. Total man-hours: (68, 28); Purple Finch, 7 (60, 24); Chestnut-backed 22 Census: House Wren, 11 (79, 32); Tree Swallow, 7 Chickadee, 6 (S1, 21); Pine Siskin, 6; Com. Bushtit, S (43, (50, 20); MountainBluebird, 4 (29, 12); WarblingVireo, 17); Brown Creeper, S; Hutton's Vireo, 4 (34, 14), 4, DuskyFlycatcher, 3 (21, 9); PygmyNuthatch, 3; Am. Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; Western Flycatcher, 3 S (30, Robin, 3; Gray-headedJunco, 3; Broad-tailed Hum- 12);Orange-crowned Warbler, 3.5; Winter Wren, 3 (26, mingbird, 2.5; Williamson's Sapsucker,2.5; Com. 10); Steller's Jay, 2; Pygmy Nuthatch, 2; Wrentit, 2, Flicker, 2; W. Wood Pewee,2; Mountain Chickadee,2; Swainson'sThrush, 2; Golden-crownedKinglet, 2, Chipping Sparrow,2; Hairy Woodpecker,1.5; Green- Acorn Woodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Hermit tailed Towhee,1.5; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 1; Downy Thrush, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Dark-eyedJunco, 1, Song Woodpecker, 1; Olive-sided Flycatcher, 1; White- Sparrow,1; Turkey Vulture, +; Allen's Hummingbird, breasted Nuthatch, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; +; Downy Woodpecker,+; Corn. Raven, +; Warbling Brown-headedCowbird, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Cassin's Vireo, +. Total: 26 species;71 territorial males(605/km 2, Finch, 1; EveningGrosbeak, 0.5; Goshawk,+; Steller's 245/100 acres).Remarks: Despite very dry winters in Jay, +; Black-billedMagpie, +; Com. Raven, +; Com. 1975-76and 1976-77there has not been an appreciable Crow, +; BrownCreeper, +; Rock Wren, +; Townsend's decline of males per 100 acresin 1976 (241) and 1977 Solitaire,+; Ruby-crownedKinglet, +; Am. Goldfinch, (245) breedingseasons compared to 1975 (252). Nests +, Pine Siskin, +; Red Crossbill,+. Total: 37 species; 62 5 territorial males or females (446/km 2, 181/100 found:Pygmy Nuthatch, 2; BrownCreeper, 2; Bushtit,1, Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 1; and Winter Wren, 1 acres). Remarks: 26 active nests located: Tree Swallow, Contribution No. 149, PRBO. -- ROBERT M 7, House Wren, 4; Mountain Bluebird, 4; Williamson's STEWART, PRBO, 4990 Shoreline Highway, Strnson Sapsucker,2; MountainChickadee, 2; PygmyNuthatch, Beach, Calif. 94970. 2, Com. Flicker, 1; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker,1; W. Wood Pewee, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; and Warb- 102. DOUGLAS-FIR - OAK - MIXED EVER- ling Vireo, 1. --PAULA L. HANSLEE 3192 4th, Boul- GREEN FOREST. -- Location: California; Mendocino der, Colo. 80302. Co.; alongElder Creek on the Nature Conservancy'sN 100. PONDEROSA PINE SCRUB OAK CaliforniaCoast Range Preserve 5.5 mi N of Branscomb, MA/I•GANY WOODLAND. -- Locatlon: Colorado; 39ø44'N,123ø38'W, Lincoln Ridge Quadrangle,USGS DouglasCo., 1 mi E of Franktown,on Highway#86; 39ø Continuity:New. Size: 7.89 ha = 19.5 acres(irregular, 20'N, 104ø40' W, ElizabethQuadrangle, USGS. C•ntinu- approximatelya rectangle, paced with compass) ity: Established1968; 10 consecutiveyears. Size: 8.09 ha Descriptionof Plot: Mixed evergreenforest clothing the
Volume 32, Number 1 87 lowercanyon of Elder Creek.Most of the plot (96%)is of trees/acre, relative density (ø7o),relative dominance denselywooded, but foreststructure and speciescom- (%), frequency(%), maximum height (It), in that positionvary markedly.This reflectsthe situation sequence:Douglas-fir 100, 29, 41, 80, 130; Interior Live throughoutthe Elder Creekwatershed and the North Oak 96, 28, 25, 40, 50; Oregon Oak 40, 12, 7, 30, 40, CoastRanges generally. Through examination of aerial snags32, 9, 12, 30, 130;Oregon Ash OVraxinuslatifoha), photographsfour forest cover types could be delineated: 20, 6, 1, 30, 40; California-Bay16, 5, 2, 20, 60; Madtone (I) DouglasFir (Pseudotsugarnenziesii) dominant - 42%, 12, 3, 1, 10, 30; Big-leafMaple 12, 3, 4, 10, 40; White (II) Douglas-firand OregonOak (Quercusgarryana), Alder 8, 2, 2, 10, 50; Yew 8, 2, 3, 10, 30. Trees by Interior Live Oak (Q. wislizenii)and/or Madtone (Arbu- diametersize class (figures after eachclass give number tus rnenziesii)dominant - 15%, (III) Oregon Oak, Inte- of trees/acre,relative density(%), basal area in ft2/acre, rior Live Oak and/or Madtone dominant, Douglas-fir relativedominance (%), in that sequence):A (3-6in.) 104, sparseor lacking- 33%,and (IV) BigleafMaple (Acer 30, 10, 5; B (6-9 in.) 116, 34, 35, 17; C (9-15 in.) 64, 19, rnacrophyllurn),White Alder (Alnusrhornbifolia), and 51, 24; D (15-21in.) 56, 16, 101, 48; E (21-27 in.) 4, 1, 12, CaliforniaBay (Urnbellularia californica) dominant- 6%. 6. Trees3-in. dbh and overby heightclass (figures after TypeI forest,characterized by large(average dbh 16 in.) each classgive number of trees/acre,relative density Douglas-firs,is best developedon north-facingslopes (ø7o)):A (3-7 It) 12, 3; B (17-33It) 148,42; C (33-50It) 124, alongthe S perimeter.The treesform a more or less 35; D (over 50 It) 72, 20. Shrub and saplingstems less dosedcanopy 70 to 130ft in height.Herbaceous ground than 3-in. dbh 584/acre.Species comprising 100ø7o of the cover,primarily grasses,is relativelydense, but under- total numberof shrubsand saplings(figures after each storyshrubs are sparse or lacking.Type II forestis char- speciesgive number of stems/acre,relative density (%), acterlzedby scattered,medium-sized Douglas-firs with frequency(%)): Interior Live Oak 220, 38, 40; Hazelnut an admixture of oaks and/or Madtones. Typically scat- 116,20, 10; Douglas-fir100, 17, 80; California-Bay36, 6, teredtall firs overlapa densecanopy of hardwoodsand 20; Manzanita(Arctostaphylos spp.) 32, 5, 10; Service- smallerfirs 30-50 ft in height. Saplingsand scattered berry (Arnelanchierpallida) 32, 5, 10; Coffeeberry20, 3, shrubs, such as Coffeeberry (Rharnnus californica), 20; snags16, 3, 10; Cream-bush(Holodiscus discolor) 4, Hazelnut(Corylus cornuta var. californica),and Poison 1, 10; CanyonOak (Q. chrysolepis)4, 1, 10. Average Oak (Rhusdiversiloba), form an openwoody understory. herbaceousground cover 30% (range 0-100). Average Herbaceousground cover is sparse.Type III forest canopycover 84% (range 50-100). Average canopy height includes(a) park-like grovesof OregonOak and (b) 60 ft (range 30-130). Edge: Surroundingvegetation dense shrub forest of Interior Live Oak and/or Madtone. generallyreflects the diversityof forest typesfound The OregonOaks, whichgrow on creek-cut,relatively within the plot. Alongthe S boundary,however some levelterraces, form an opencanopy about 30 ft highthat Douglas-firsexceed in size any measuredon the plot permitsmore light penetrationthan any other forest The largest are 80 in. dbh. Topography:A steep type Forthis reason, perhaps, a lushherbaceous under- V-shapedcanyon with creek-cutterraces; Elder Creek story,primarily Bear Grass (Xerophyllurn tenax), flour- drainsin a generallyE to W direction.Elevation: 1430- lshes under the trees. Interior Live Oaks and/or 1670 ft. Weather: Dry, secondyear of drought. Last Madtonesform dense,low canopy (10-30 It) shrubforests year'srainfall was 66% of average;this year's was 35% of on the relativelysteep, south-facing slopes below the average(86 in.). High temperatures during May averaged ridgealong the N boundary.Type IV forestconsists of 62øF(80 ø belowaverage), and werenear averageduring water-lovingtrees, such as White Alder,Big-leaf Maple, remainderof period. Coverage:April 8-11, 18, 21-23, CaliforniaBay and Yew (Taxus brevtfolia), which depend 26-27,29; May5, 7, 17,24-25, 27, 29, 31; June6-7, 16-17, on the high watertable in the vicinityof Elder Creek; 29-30;July 1, 5, 14, 19, 26; August3-4; 0600-1200,PDT typicallya few Douglas-firsand oaksare intermixed. Total man-hours:90. Census:Dark-eyed Junco, 7.5 (95, Snagsand downtimber are scatteredthroughout the 38); SolitaryVireo, 7 (89, 36); W. Flycatcher,6.5 (82, 33), plot Forbs,grasses, sedges and ferns are scattered along WarblingVireo, 5.5 (70, 28);Black-headed Grosbeak, 4 Elder Creek. Forestcover is interruptedby openings(1) (51, 21); Black-throatedGray Warbler, 3.5 (44, 18), alongElder Creek,both by the creekbeditself and by Chestnut-backedChickadee, 3 (38, 15); Steller's Jay, 3, steep,sparsely vegetated streamcuts and washouts scat- BrownCreeper, 2; Hutton'sVireo, 2; HermitWarbler, 2, teredalong its course,(2) WildernessLodge Road, a nar- W. Tanager,2; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Am. Robin, 1, row dirt road that definesthe NW boundary,(3) a small Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Corn. Bushtit, 1; Rufous- meadow(grasses and forbs less than 1 ft in height)on the sidedTowbee, 1; Goshawk,0.5; Corn.Flicker, +; Hermit NW corner (2ø70of total area), and (4) a shrubbyclearing Thrush, +; Pine Siskin, +. Total: 21 species;53.5 ter- at the SE corner(2% of total area).This clearing,is par- ritorial males (678/km 2, 274/100 acres). Remarks: Den- tlally coveredby dense,more or lesscontinuous thickets sityand diversity of nestingbirds was markedly higher m of W Choke Cherry (Prunusvirginiana vat. demissa) the vicinityof the meadowthan elsewhere;16 territorial 6-20 ft in height (45%) and by a single, very large malesof 13 specieshad territoriesincluding and/or Whitethorn(Ceanothus incanus) 10 ft in height(5%). A borderingon this shrubbyclearing; a densityof 3 times profusetangle of deadstems underlays the foliage.The higherthan that for the plot as a whole.This correlates remainderof the clearingis coveredwith grasses,scat- with the relativelyhigh diversityof plant speciesand tered thistle (Cirsiurn) and mullein (Verbascurn), and foresttypes surrounding this clearing: Douglas-fir to the downtrunks and branches.A quantitativesurvey of the S, mixedfir and OregonOak to the W, Live Oak and forestvegetation based on 10 moreor lessevenly spaced Madtone to the N, fir and Madrone to the E. Conversely, 0 01 ha squareplots yielded the followingdata: Trees typeIIIb LiveOak-I9ladrone shrub forest supported only 3-m dbh and over 344/acre; total basal area 210 It2/ 5 territorialmales of 5 species,a densityapproximately acre Speciescomprising 100ø7o of the total numberof V3that of the plot as a whole.Extensive rooting by fetal trees3-in. dbh and over(figures after eachgive.number pigs may haveadversely affected nesting of ground-
88 AmericanBirds, January 1978 nestingbirds Thanksto SteveJohnson for the vegetation of this speciesremain, and densestands of youngtrees data and encouragement.This and all succeedingcen- existwhere conditions are favorable,notably on slopes suseson this plot are dedicatedto Heath Angelo,whose There are five rustic two-mancabins on the NW edge love for this forest gave birth to the Coast Range Disturbancein theirvicinity is minimaland probably has Preserve. -- GREG GRANTHAM, DAVID GAINES no effecton breedingsuccess. Edge: Similar vegetation, (compiler)and SALL YJUD Y, Box 33, Branscomb,Calif. exceptthe N end, which approachesthe natural boun- 95417. dary between woodland and grassland.Topography: 103. PONDEROSA PINE FOREST. -- Location: Flat mesatops and gentleslopes. Elevation: 7520-7620 ft Colorado;Boulder Co., in the lowerfoothills 0.5 mi S of (2292-2323m). Weather: SeeCensus 113. Coverage:May BaselineRoad, Boulder, E part of Sect. 1, TIS, R71W, 30; June 3, 6-7, 22, 26; July 1, 4-6, 8-10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 6th PrincipalMeridian. Continuity: Established 1954; 14 August3; 0530-2000,MDT. Total man-hours:32. Cen- intermittentyears. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 acres.Description sus:Violet-green Swallow, 11 (30, 12);Gray Flycatcher,7 of Plot: SeeAFAr 8:372 (1954). Weather: A dry and hot (19, 8); Mourning Dove, 5.5 (15, 6); Mountain Chick- springand summer.Coverage: April 24; May 9, 14, 22, adee,5.5; W. Bluebird,5.5; PygmyNuthatch, 4 (11, 4), 29, June2, 5, 12, 19, 26; July3, 10, 27; 0700-1540.Total SolitaryVireo, 4; Chipping Sparrow,4; Plain Titmouse, man-hours: 15. Census: W. Wood Pewee, 6 (74, 30); 3 (8, 3); White-breastedNuthatch, 3; Black-throated ChippingSparrow, 6; SolitaryVireo, 5 (62, 25);Mourn- Gray Warbler, 2.5; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 2; Brown- Ing Dove,4 (49, 20); PygmyNuthatch, 4; Am. Robin,4; headedCowbird, 2; Com. Nighthawk,1; Hairy Wood- W Tanager,3 (37, 15); Broad-tailedHummingbird, 2; pecker,1; W. Wood Pewee,1; Steller'sJay, 1; ScrubJay, Lesser Goldfinch, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; White-breasted 1; Mountain Bluebird, 1. Total: 19 species;65 territorial Nuthatch, 1. Total: 11 species;38 territorial males or males or females (176/km •, 71/100 acres). Visitors: females (469/km2, 190/100 acres).Remarks: The pop- Goshawk, Am. Kestrel, Great Horned Owl, Broad-tailed ulatlon was the lowest in several years. Steller's Jay, Hummingbird,Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Williamson's Mountain Chickadee, House Wren, Black-headed Gros- Sapsucker,Pinyon Jay, Com. Raven, Com. BushUt, beak, Pine Siskin, and Gray-headedJunco did not nest. Bewick'sWren, Am. Robin, W. Tanager, HouseFinch, Thanks to Karen Nickey and Ellen Valentine. -- Lesser Goldfinch, Red Crossbill, Gray-headed Junco LOUISE HERING, 568 Marine Street, Boulder, Colo. Remarks: 11 nests found: W. Bluebird and Solitary 80302. Vireo, 2 each; Mourning Dove, Com. Nighthawk, Violet-green Swallow, Mountain Chickadee, White- 104. PINYON-JUNIPER-PONDEROSA PINE ECO- breasted Nuthatch, Pygmy Nuthatch, and Mountain TONE. -- Location: New Mexico; McKinley Co., Cot- Bluebird, 1 each. We thank C. Grimm, K. Lee, M tonwood Gulch, 7 mi S of Thoreau; SE¬, Sec. 34, T13N, Barbehenn,P. Broder,L. Chaffee,and R. Vonnegutfor R13W; 35ø19'N,108ø12'W, Pine CanyonQuadrangle, assistingwith the census.--D. ARCHIBALD McCAL- USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 36.9 ha -- acres (poly- LUM, SUSAN R. BUCHSBAUM, and JENNIFER J gonal, griddedwith steeltape and Bruntoncompass). PRICE, Cottonwood Gulch Foundation, Box 969, Descriptionof Plot: Five randomly located 15 x 25 m Thoreau, N.M. 87323. plots were usedfor analysisof vegetation.Within each 105. WHITE FIR - DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST. -- plot treesover 1 m in heightwere counted and their dbh Location:Utah; Kane Co., 2.4 km N of RainbowPoint, recorded.Trees less than 1 m in heightwere counted in 1.2 km downthe Yovimpafire road; 37ø28'N,112ø15'W, two 25 x 1 m strips in each plot. Ground coverwas BryceCanyon Nat'l Park Quadrangle,USGS. Continu- assessedin 50, 2 x 5 dm sub-plotsin each plot. Canopy ity: New.Size: 60 ha = 148.26acres (rectangular, 600 X coverwas assessedat one point within each sub-plot. 1000 m, paced).Description of Plot): Forestcrown con- Trees greater than 1 m in height, 752/ha; total basal siderablyclosed with very little understorygrowth, area, 1498 dm2/ha (65.5 ft2/acre); trees lessthan 1 m in sparseherbaceous ground cover. The plot wasrelatively height (i.e. reproduction),1200/ha; number of trees less flat with one narrowgulley running W throughthe mid- than 1 m in height/ha, numberof treesgreater than 1 m dle, causinga drop of 50 m in elevation,in 100m, rising in height/ha,basal area (dm2/ha),absolute coverage (%), back up to the sameelevation on both sides.This narrow frequency(%) (in that order) of tree species:Colorado gulleyshowed no differencein vegetationin comparison Pinyon(Pinus edulis), 1120, 704, 1442,38, 100;One-seed to the restof the plot. For 50 m around,the surrounding Juniper (luniperus monosperma),40, 27, 32, 1.6, 80; vegetationwas similar. The fir forest is climax in eleva- RockyMountain Juniper (J. scopulorum), 40, 21, 27, 0.4, tions of 2813 at BryceCanyon National Park. The dom- 60 Sizeclasses of trees,followed by numbers/ha,relative inant canopytrees are White Fir rabiesconcolor), Pon- density(ø7o), basal area (dm•/ha), relativedominance (%) derosaPine (Pinusponderosa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga (based on basal area): A (0-0.5 dm), 331, 44, 16, 1; B menziesii).Most prominent ground cover is Greenleaf (0 5-1 0 dm), 112, 15, 49, 3; C (1.0-2.0 dm), 197, 26, 348, Manzanita 64rctostaphylospatula), and Mountain Lilac 23, D (2.0-3.0 dm), 48, 6, 236, 16; E (3.0-4.0 dm), 27, 4, (Ceanothusmartini). There is no understorybesides a 260, 17; F (4.0-5.0 dm), 37, 5, 588, 39. Ground cover(%): fewtree seedlings. A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation bare ground, 44.2; rocks, 3.5; litter 42.3; lichens 2.1; gavethe followingresults. Trees 3-in. diameterand over, shrubs Horse-brush (Tetradymia canestens), Rabbit- basedon five circularsamples, 156/acre; total basalarea brush (Chrysothamnusnauseosus), and Snake-weed 288ft2/acre. Species comprising 90ø70 of the total number (Gutterrezia Sarothrae), 0.9; Blue Grama (Bouteloua of trees:White Fir 53, 77, 80: PonderosaPine 22, 13, 53, gractlis),8.0; herbs,2.3. PonderosaPine Ov. ponderosa), Douglas-fir 18, 9, 46; Limber Pine (P. flexiIls) 7, 2, 20 Gambel Oak (Quercusgambelii), and Wavyleaf Oak (Q. Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 41, 12, 13.2 10; B undulata) are found, but were not encountered in the (6-9 in.) 72, 18, 29.2, 20; C (9-15 in.) 75, 35, 47, 46, D plots The area waslogged forponderosa about 50 years (15-21in.) 36, 17, 53.9, 14; E (21-27in.) 8, 2, 24, 2. Shrub ago, but has not been disturbed since. Numeroussnags stems/acre,7,750; groundcover 39ø?o; canopy cover 78ø70,
Volume 32, Number 1 89 averagecanopy height 10 m (range6-18 m) Edge:Bor- 04'N, 122ø51'W,Inverness Quadrangle, USGS Con- deredon all sidesby similarforest. Topography: < 10% tlnuity: Established1972; 5 intermittentyears. Size: 12 0 slope.Elevation-. 8606-8806 ft (2623-2684m). Weather: ha = 29.7 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 26:984-985 Clear,cool; rain periodically throughout period. Cover- (1972).Since 1972 there has been an apparentincrease in age:June 10, 12, 16-17,22-23, 30; July7, 9, 14, 21, 28; the heightand densityof the understory,especially of dawn-1130 or 1800-2100.Total man-hours:48. Census: Salal (Gaultheriashallon) and California Huckleberry HermitThrush, 19 (32, 13);Mountain Chickadee, 17 (28, (Vacciniurnovaturn). This plot supportsa relativelylarge 11), Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 12 (20, 8), Gray-headed stand of Mount Vision Ceanothus(Ceanothus glortosus Junco,11 (18, 7); Cassin'sFinch, 5 (8, 3); Hairy Wood- var. porrectus),a low spreadingshrub restricted to this pecker,4 (7, 3); White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Townsend's ridge,included on the Smithsonianand Californialists of Solitaire,2; W. Tanager,2; Corn.Flicker, 1; William- threatenedplant species.Weather: Despite a continua- son'sSapsucker, 1; GreatHorned Owl, +; Say'sPhoebe, tion of the drought,there were 5 daysof fog or light rain + Total: 17 species;80 territorialmales or females(133/ during certsusing;3 dayswere clear. Wind hampered km•, 54/100 acres). Visitors: White-throatedSwift, certsusingon I foggyday and 1 clear day. Coverage: Rufous Hummingbird, Violet-green Swallow, Am. April 6, 13, 20; May 1, 11, 18, 25; June 17; 0600-1100 Robin, Ruby-crownedKinglet, Red Crossbill.Remarks: Total man-hours: 26. Census:Wrentit, 23 (191, 77), Four nestswere located: Hermit Thrush, 1 with four Allen'sHummingbird, 11 (92, 37); Wilson'sWarbler, 8 5 eggs,Gray-headed Junco, 1 with four eggs; Williamsoh's (71, 29); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 7 (58, 24); Bewlck's Sapsucker,1; W. Tanager,1 withthree eggs. The Hermit Wren, 6.5 (54, 22); Western Flycatcher,6; Chestnut- Thrushseemed to be abundantthis year. All nesting backedChickadee, 6; PygmyNuthatch, 6; (50, 20), Pine seemedlate becauseof the cold springand drought. Siskin,6; PurpleFinch, 6; Swainsoh'sThrush, 5.5, (46, Specialthanks to Georgeand Kirk Creighton,Brooke 19); Violet-green Swallow,3; Corn. Bushtit, 3; Brown Feeley,John Kittelson, Pat Stutleberg, and Steve Mueller Creeper,3; Hutton'sVireo, 3; Hairy Woodpecker,2, for assistancein bird observations,and BryceCanyon Steller'sJay, 2; Orange-crownedWarbler, 2; Oregon Nat'l Park for permissionto dothe census --JEFF CON- Junco,1.5, Anna'sHummingbird, 0.5; Red-tailedHawk, NOR, Bard College,Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y. 12504. +; Band-tailedPigeon, +; MourningDove, +, Red- shaftedFlicker, +; WinterWren, +; SongSparrow, + 106. BISHOP PINE FOREST. -- Location: Califor- Total: 26 species;111.5 breeding males (928/km 2, 375/ ma, Marin Co., 3.75 mi WNW of Inverness;38ø3TN, 100 acres).Remarks: Nests found, 2: Chestnut-backed 122ø53'W,Drakes Bay Quadrangle,USGS. Continuily: Chickadee, Wrentit. Red Crossbills were seen and/or Established 1952 (1951) as Coastal Closed-conePine For- heardflying over the plot on 6 mornings;they are rare est, 8 intermittent years. Size: 10.5 ha = 26 acres. nesterson thisridge, but probablyregular. Contribution Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:986 (1972).Weather: For number 157, PRBO. --BRUCE A. SORRIE, Potnt the second winter in a row central California had less ReyesBird Observatory,4990 ShorelineHighway, Sttn- than half its normalrainfall. Rainfall 15 mi S of the plot sonBeach, Calif 94970. totaled 15.91 in. during winter and spring 1976-77;the previousyear had 17.61 in. (9-yearaverage, 1966-1975, 108. LIMBER PINE FOREST. -- Location: Cahfor- 37 33 in.). Coverage:March 30; April 13, 20; May 6, 17; nia; Inyo Co., SE of New York Butte, about 7.5 airmiles 0630-1130. Total man-hours: 23. Census: Wrentit, 10 NE of Lone Pine.The studyplot consistsof two tracts (95, 39); Pine Siskin, 10; Wilson's Warbler, 6.5 (62, 25); Tract 1 (N section)begins in the SW% Sec. 11, T15S, Dark-eyedJunco, 4.5 (43, 17); W. Flycatcher,4 (38, 15); R37E, and endsin NW% Sec. 11, T15S, R37E, and tract Chestnut-backedChickadee, 3.5 (33, 13); Pygmy Nut- 2 (S section)is entirelyin SE% Sec. 11, T15S, R37E, New hatch, 3 (29, 12); Winter Wren, 3; Purple Finch, 3; York Butte Quadrangle,USGS (unsurveyed);36ø39'N, Rufous-sided Towhee, 3; Bewick's Wren, 2.5; Brown 117ø56'W.Continuity: New. Size: Tract 1:15.2 ha = 37 5 Creeper,2; I-Iutton'sVireo, 2; MourningDove, 1; Hairy acres(407 x 242 x 417 x 542 m, paced).Tract 2:5.8 ha = Woodpecker,1; Steller'sJay, 1; Corn.Bushtit, 1; Am. 14.3acres (251 x 318x 174x 252m, paced)for a totalof Robin, 1; White-crownedSparrow, 1; SongSparrow, 1; 21.0 ha = 51.8 acres.Description of Plot: The plot lS Violet-greenSwallow, 0.5; California Quail, +; Corn. dividedinto two tracts by a steep,barren, rocky area, and Flicker, +; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, +; Am. Goldfinch,+. a wash consistingprimarily of Mountain Mahogany Total: 25 species;64.5 territorialmales (613/km 2, 248/ approximately492 ft wide. Vegetation:Limber Pine acres)Remarks: A very definite decreasein numbersof interspersedwith smallnumbers of BristleconePine and breedingbirds occurredin 1977 (248/100 acres com- Mountain Mahogany.The vegetationthroughout both paredto the 1972-75average of 388.5/100acres). Of the plots is relativelyconstant with the exceptionof the top 12 speciesin 1977 only the Wrentit and the Pine relativedensities of both pine species.A quantitative Siskin were estimatedto be abovethe 1972-75average; surveyof the vegetationgave the followingresults: Trees, the other ten specieswere all estimatedbelow the pre- 3-in. diameter and over based on ten 0.1 acre circular viousaverage. It is temptingto suggestthat the 2-year samples,113/acre; total basal area, 73.3 ft2/acre. Species droughtin centralCalifornia may have played some part comprisingthe study plot (figures after each give number m this decline. Nests found: Pygmy Nuthatch, 3; of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative dominance, Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 1. Contribution No. 150 and frequency,in that sequence):Limber Pine (Ptnus PRBO. -- ROBERT M. STEWART, Point ReyesBird flexills) 96, 85, 73, 90; BristleconePine (P. arlstata)9, 8, Observatory,4990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, 25, 30; andMountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifohus) Cahf 94970. 8, 7, 2, 10.Total treesby diametersize class (figures after eachclass give number of trees/acre,relative density (%), 107. DISTURBED BISHOP PINE FOREST. -- basal area in ft'/acre, relative dominance, in that Location:California; Marin Co., InvernessRidge, Point sequence);A (3-6 in.) 35, 31, 3.5, 5; B (6-9 in.) 31, 27, 9 3, ReyesNat'l Seashore,3 mi NW of InvernessPark; 38ø 13; C (9-15 in ) 33, 30, 26 4, 36, D (15-21in ) 13, 12, 27 0, 90 AmericanBirds, January 1978 37, G (33-40 •n 1 1, 1, 7 1, 10 Tree speciesby d•ameter soredby the Bureauof Land Management,Cahforma s•ze class - Limber Pine: A 28, 25, 2.8, 4; B 29, 26, 8.7, Desert Plan Program. -- PETER WOODMAN 1825 12, C 28, 25, 22.4, 30; D 11, 10, 19.8, 27. Bristlecone Weirnan,Ridgecrest, Calif. 93555. Pine: A 1, 1, 0.1, +; C $, 4, 4.0, $; D 2, 2, 7.2, 10; G 1, 1, 109. LOGGED DOUGLAS-FIR RESEEDED WITH 7 1, 10. Mountain Mahogany:A 6, $, 0.6, 1; B 2, 2, 0.6, 1. MONTEREY PINE. -- Location: California; Marta Co, Ground cover, 16%; canopycover, 40%; averagecanopy height, 39.5 ft (range 20-52). There is no permanent 4.5 mi S of Olema,approximately 0.S mi E of eastgate to water in the plot. A campsite,on the saddlebetween the LakeRanch, Point Reyes Nat'l Seashore;37ø58'N, 122 ø two tracts where a road ends, is 197 ft from either of the 45'W, Double Point Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: 8.17 ha = tracts and is not usedregularly. Undergrowth consists of (hstedin decreasingdensity): Big Sagebrush(ArtemMa 20.2 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 26:983-984 tndentata), Phlox (Linanthus nuttallii), Creambush(Hol- (1972). Weather.-Generally clear and warm on census od,scus rnicrophyllus),Limber Pine, Squaw Currant days.Extreme drought conditions prevailed, although (Rtbescereurn), Mountain Mahogany,Prickly Gilia (Lep- there wasa lightrain onApril 25. Nightand early morn- todactylonpungens), Antelope Bush (purshia glandu- ingfog was frequent. Coverage: April 10, 18, 25;May 6, losa), BristleconePine, and Snowberry(Syrnphoricarpos 13, 19; June 1; 0600-1300.Total man-hours:30. Census: Wrentit, 12 (147, 59); Orange-crownedWarbler, 12, longifiorus).Grasses are representedby Bluegrass(Poa Swainson'sThrush, 8 (98, 40); Hutton'sVireo, 7 (86, 35), palustria)and Squirreltail(Sitanion hystrix vat. califor- Wilson'sWarbler, 7; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 6 (73, 30), incurn),with the formerspecies contributing 96% of the m&viduals.Edge: To the W of bothtracts is a Sagebrush PygmyNuthatch, 4 (49, 20); PurpleFinch, 3.5 (40, 17), Chestnut-backedChickadee, 3 (37, 15); Corn.Busht•t, 3, (Arternisiatridentata) community. On the E boundaries Bewick'sWren, 3; Pine Siskin, 2.5; Violet-greenSwal- •s a Limber Pine - PinyonPine (P. rnonophylla)~ Moun- low, 2; Steller'sJay, 2; Dark-eyedJunco, 2; Cahforma tain Mahoganyecotone above a PinyonPine woodland. Quail, 1.5; AcornWoodpecker, 1.5; Starling,1.5; Allen's The N edgeof tract 1 and S edgeof tract 2 are verysteep and rockywith scatteredvegetation. The S edgeof tract 1 Hummingbird,1; Corn.(Red-shafted) Flicker, 1, Ha•ry and N edge of tract 2 are both steep and rocky for Woodpecker,1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 1; W Fly- catcher,1; W. Bluebird,1; BrownTowhee, 1; SongSpar- approximately148 ft with a 131 ft wide washcontaining Mountain Mahogany and scatteredLimber Pine between row,1; MourningDove, 0.5; ScrubJay, 0.5; TurkeyVul- the two tracts. The edge effect is minimized by the ture, +; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Band-tailedPigeon, +, amount of rocksbetween the two communities.Topog- Olive-sidedFlycatcher, +; Com.Raven, +; Black-headed raphy: The tracts are on E facingslopes at an elevation Grosbeak,+. Total: 34 species;90.5 territorial males from 9400-10,600ft. The W edgesof the tractsfollow the (1107/km2, 448/100 acres). Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, crest of the mountain range. Several outcroppingsof Tree Swallow,Purple Martin, Am. Robin,Red Crossbfil large rocks are found in the plot. Weather: Tem- Remarks: Nestsfound (14): Mourning Dove 1; Allen's peraturesranged from 33~73øF.There wasprecipitation Hummingbird1; PygmyNuthatch, 3; Com. Flicker, 1, during the studyperiod but not on censusdays. Cover- Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Violet-green Swallow, 1, age: June 6-7, 15-18, 22-25; July 2, 4, 22-23; 0530-1300 Chestnut-backedChickadee, 1; Com. Bushtit, 1, W and 2030-2300. Total: 53 man-hours. Census: Mountain Bluebird,1; Starling,1; Hutton'sVireo, 1. The Ash- Chickadee,10 (48, 19); Dark-eyedJunco, 6 (29, 12); throatedFlycatcher is a newbreeding species. The num- Ch•ppingSparrow, 6; Ernpidonaxsp., $ (24, 10); Hermit ber of Allen's Hummingbirdsnesting is undoubtedly Thrush, 3 (14, 6); Broad-tailedHummingbird, 2; Rock greaterthan indicatedabove: 7 territorial males were Wren, 2; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,2; Com. Flicker, 1; plotted this year, a number significantlylower than Hmry Woodpecker, 1: White-breastedNuthatch, 1; previousyears. Decreases from lastyear's totals were also House Wren, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1. Totah 13 noted in Wilson's Warbler (down 26%) and Rufous-s•ded species;41 territorialmales (196/km 2, 79/100 acres).Vis- Towhee (down 34%). In contrast, Swainson'sThrushes itors (numbers indicate the total number observed): increased 32% and Hutton's Vireos doubled. Three more Clark's Nutcracker, 72; Violet-green Swallow, 26; Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata) were felled by w•nter White-throated Swift, 24; Mountain Chickadee, 19; winds; each was 7-9 in. dbh. Contribution No 148, Pition Jay, 10; Purple Finch, 10; Mountain Bluebird, 6; PRBO. --JULES EVENS, Point Reyes Bird Observ- Am Kestrel, 4; Com. Raven, 4; Black-throated Gray atory, 4990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, Cahf Warbler, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Rufous Hummingbird, 94970. 2, Brewer'sSparrow, 2; Golden Eagle, 1; ScrubJay, 1; 110. NORTHERN PINYON PINE WOODLAND. -- Am Robin, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak, 1; House Finch, Location: California; Inyo Co., S of New York Butte, 1 Remarks: The following nests were found: Broad- about7.5 air milesNE of Lone Pine; beginsin NE¬ Sec tailed Hummingbird,2; Mountain Chickadee,2; Empi- 1S, T1SS, R37E, and endsin SW¬ Sec. 14, T1SS, R37E, donax sp., 1. Four speciesof breedingbirds were found New York Butte Quadrangle,USGS (unsurveyed),36 ø m the Mahoganywash that werefound in no other com- 38'N, 117ø56'W.Continuity: New. Size: 27.8 ha = 68 7 munity: robin, 1 pr.; Warbling Vireo, 2 pr.; Gray Vireo, acres(602 x 408 x 422 x 952 m). Descriptionof Plot: A 3 pr; and Fox Sparrow; 3 pr. The Corn. Flicker, Hairy PinyonPine foreston a S facingslope. There are three Woodpecker, Empidonax sp., Mountain Chickadee, washes;one on the S borderrunning E-W oneon the W Clark's Nutcracker, Blue-grayGnatcatcher, Dark-eyed border, and one in the center, both of which run N-S Juncoand Chipping Sparrowutilized the washfor feed- The washesarc the lushestportions, with extensive mg Inexplicably absent were owls and goatsuckers. undergrowth.There is little undergrowthon hillsides Twenty-threeunused woodpeckerholes, appearing in The compositionof the vegetationis uniform,with vary- good condition,were seen on the plot. The Red-tailed ing densitiesof cover.Vegetation: Pinyon Pine (P•nus Hawk, Golden Eagle, Am. Kestrel, and raven foraged rnonophylla)woodland interspersed with Utah Iumper overthe plot but do not nestthere This studywas sport- (]uniperusosteosperrna), Mountain Mahogany(Cerco-
Volume 32, Number 1 91 carpusled•foltus), and Limber Pine (P flex•hs) The RufousHummingbird, 4, Hairy Woodpecker,3, Com shrublikeunderstory consists of (in orderof greatestto Raven, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Black-headed leastdensity): Big Sagebrush(Artemisia tridentata), Gil- Grosbeak,2; Dark-eyedJunco, 2; Am.Kestrel, 1; Long- man's Goldenbush(Haplopappus gilmanii), Mountain earedOwl, 1; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 1; Bewick's Joint Fir •phedra viridis), Antelope-brushOVurshia Wren, 1; PurpleFinch, 1; Fox Sparrow,1. Remarks: glandulosa),Long-flowered Snowberry (Symphoricarpos OneBlue-gray Gnatcatcher nest was found. The Chukar, longtflorus), Prickly Gilia (Leptodactylonpungens), ScrubJay, Corn.Bushtit, Bewick's Wren, and House MountainMahogany, Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia erin- Finchesprobably nested in otherareas and were spend- acea), Gooseberry(Ribes lasianthum), Mock Orange ingthe summer in thePinyon forest. Inexplicably absent OVhdadelphusmicrophyllus), Rabbit Brush (Chryso- werebreeding owls. White-throated Swifts, ravens, and thamnusnauseosus, C. viscidiflorus),Cream-bush (Holo- theAm. Kestrelall usedthe plot for foragingbut not dtscusmicrophyllus), and SquawCurrant (Ribescer- nesting.The Rock Wren, Rufous-sidedTowhee, and eum) Grassspecies sampled are (orderas above):Rice ChippingSparrows are probably products of theedge Grass(Oryzopis hymenoides), June Grass (Koeleria mac- effect,as they were only near the Mountain Mahogany- ratha), Rock Melic (Melica stricta), and Needle Grass Sagebrushcommunity. One pair of White-throated (Sttpacoronata). Grass species noted, but not sampled Swiftswas seen mating over the plot but therelS no are NevadaBluegrass (Poa nevadensis), Squirreltail (Sit- suitablenesting area there. Twelve unused woodpecker anton hystrix),and Rye Grass•lymus cinereus);these holeswere found, nine of which are in dead trees Pin- grasseswere found in the S wash near the SE corner. A yonswere used for feedingmore than any other vegeta- quantitativesurvey of thevegetation gave the following tionthough all speciesof plantswere observed to be used results: trees, 3-in. diameter and over based on thirteen for foraging.This study was sponsored by theBureau of 0 1 acrecircular samples, 101/acre; total basalarea, 44.6 LandManagement, California Desert Plan Program -- ft2/acre(figures after each give number of trees/acre, PETERWOODMAN, 1825 Weirnan, Ridgecrest, Cahf relativedensity (%), relativedominance, frequency, in 93555. that sequence):Single-leaved Pinyon Pine 80, 79, 81, 92; IlL PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND -- Location: UtahJuniper 4, 4, 12,23; Mountain Mahogany 16, 16, 4, 3, LimberPine 1, 1, 3, 3. Total treesby diametersize California;San BernardinoCo., Mid Hills, about0 $ ms class(figures after each class give number of trees/acre, W of theentrance to Mid HillsCampground, and about relativedensity (%), basal area in ft2/acre, relative 110yards E of a poordirt roadthat runsN to CedarCan- dominance,in that sequence):A (3-6in.) 44, 44, 4.4, 10; yon;SW¬ Sec.13, T12N, R14E, Mid Hills Quadrangle, B (6-9in.) 25, 25, 7.4, 16;C (9-15in.) 24, 24, 29.0,43; D USGS;35ø07'N, 115ø26'W. Continuity: New. Size: 9ha = (15-21in.) 8, 8, 13.8,31. Treespecies by diametersize 22.24acres (square, 300 x 300m, pacedon a magneticN class- PinyonPine: A 28, 28, 2.8,6; B 25, 25, 7.4, 16;C compassgrid). Descriptionof Plot: SccAB 30:1062-1063 22,22, 17.8,40; D 5, 5, 8.3,19. Utah Juniper: C 2, 2, 1.2, (1976).Weather: A seriesof late coldfronts during the 3, D 2, 2, 4.1, 9. MountainMahogany: A 16, 16, 1.6,4. censusperiod kept temperatureslower than normal LimberPine: D 1, 1, 1.4,3. Groundcover, 28%; canopy Temperaturesduring censusesvaried from 40ø to 75øF cover,43%; average canopy height, 22.9 ft (range8-43). Skieswere clear on the majorityof censusdays. Signif- Thereare two mining claims near the NE cornerand an icant amountsof precipitationfell during May 8-9 old, collapsedminer's cabin 66ft E of the SE corner.A Coverage:April 16, 23; May 2, 10, 17, 22, 26; June9, well was dug there in the wash and water is availableto from 0500-0800, PST. Total man-hours: 24. Census: smallbirds 2.5 ft belowground level. A smallstructure Bewick's Wren, 2; Plain Titmouse, 1.5; Corn. Bushtit, wasbuilt over the well but small passerines were seen fly- 1.5; Scrub Jay, 1; Scott's Oriole, 1; House Finch, 1, ingout. There is no regular human nor any cattle usage. Black-throatedSparrow, 1; White-throatedSwift, +, Edge:The N edgeis a MountainMahogany-Sagebrush Ladder-backed Woodpecker, +; Ash-throatedFly- community;the upper % ofthe W edgehas steep, barren catcher,+; CrissalThrasher, +; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, rocksand the lower ¬ is a Pinyonforest; the S edgeis +; Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 13 species;9 ter- borderedby a Sagebrushhabitat on a N facingslope; the ritorial maics (100/kin 2, 40/100 acres). Remarks: One E edgeis borderedby a Pinyon-MountainMahogany- Bcwick'sWren nestwas found and ScrubJay, Plain Tit- Sagebrushecotone grading to a MountainMahogany- monscand CrissalThrasher wcrc sccnwith juvcmlcs Sagebrushcommunity. Elevation: Ranges from 8200- freshlyout of the nest. Bushtitswcrc sccn carrying 9400ft. Water:The nearest permanent water lies 66 ft E nestingmaterial. Whitc-throatodSwifts wcrc seenover of the SE corner,outside the plot. Weather:Tem- the plot and undoubtodlynest in nearbyrocky crags peraturesranged from 42ø to 68øF.Some precipitation Cowbirdswcrc sccn flying low acrossthe plot. Numerous fell duringthe study period but nonefell onstudy days. off-roadvehicle tracks appeared on the plot. This census Coverage:June 7-8, 14-17,21-24; July 3, 5, 23-24;0530- wassponsored by the Bureauof Land Management,Cal- 1200 and 2000-2300. Total: 50 man-hours. Census: ifornia Desert Program. -- STEVEN W. CARDIFF, Black-throatedGray Warbler, 19 (68, 28); Mountain 2736 CourtSt., Rialto, Calif 92376. Chickadee,9 (32, 13); GrayFlycatcher, 6 (22, 9); Blue- 112. COTTONWOOD RIVERBOTTOM - PAS- grayGnatcatcher, 5 (18, 7); Empidonaxsp., 3 (11, 4); TURE. -- Loeatlon:Colorado; Weld Co., about6 msS Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3; ChippingSparrow, 3; Corn. and I mi E of Johnstown on E bank of St. Vrain Creek Flicker,2; RockWren, 2; Broad-tailedHummingbird, 1; and 1 mi upstreamfrom its confluencewith SouthPlatte Brown-headedCowbird, 1. Total: 11 species;54 ter- River.Bordered on E byWeld Co. Road No. 38; S3, T3N, ritorial males(194/km 2, 79/100 acres).Visitors (numbers R67W, 40ø14'N,104ø52'W, Johnstown Quadrangle, indicatethe total numberobserved): Clark's Nutcracker, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973; 5 consecutive 36, HouseFinch, 35; Chukar,34; PitionJay, 28; White- years.Size: 71.6 ha = 176.9 acres.Description of Plot: throatedSwift, 23; Corn. Bushtit, 15; Scrub Jay, 5; SeeAB 27:1006-1007(1973). Weather: Mostly clear,
92 AmericanBirds, January 1978 occasionallyovercast, cool to hot Coverage:May 6, 13, bounds of the 1959 census.Cliff Swallow, 12, 0 (99, 40), 24, 31; June 7, 14, 22, 28; dawn to 0945. Total man- Violet-greenSwallow, 10, 6 (82, 33); PygmyNuthatch, 7, hours: 20. Census: House Wren, 36 (50, 20); W. 3 (58, 23); Am. Robin, 6, 4 (49, 20); Mountain Chickadee, Meadowlark,35 (49, 20); Red-wingedBlackbird, 25 (35, 5.5, 3 (45, 18); Dusky Flycatcher,5, 2 (41, 17); Mourning 14), Starling,22 (31, 12); Com. Flicker, 13 (18, 7); Com. Dove,4, 2 (33, 13); Broad-tailedHummingbird, 4, 2 (33, Yellowthroat,12 (17, 7); MourningDove, 11 (15, 6); Am. 13); Virginia's Warbler, 4, 3 (33, 13); LesserGoldfinch, Kestrel,5 (7, 3); E. Kingbird,5; Brown-headedCowbird, 4, 2; Gray-headedJunco, 3.5, 1 (29, 12); White-breasted 5, VirginiaRail, 4 (6, 2); Killdeer,4; Mallard, 3 (4, 2); Nuthatch, 3, 1 (25, 10); Starling, 3, 3 (25, 10); Solitary Rough-wingedSwallow, 3; Yellow Warbler, 3; Cin- Vireo, 3, I (25, 10); Grace's Warbler, 3, 1 (25, 10), namonTeal, 2; Ring-neckedPheasant, 2; Rock Dove, 2; Brewer'sBlackbird, 3, 0 (25, 10);Chipping Sparrow, 3, 2 Great Horned Owl, 2; Brown Thrasher, 2; Blue Gros- (25, 10);Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 2, 2; W. WoodPewee, beak, 2; Lazuli Bunting, 2; Am. Bittern, 1; Blue-winged 2, 2; W. Bluebird,2, 2; W. Tanager,2, 0; Black-headed Teal, 1; Sora, 1; SpottedSandpiper, 1; Red-headed Grosbeak,2, 2; Green-tailedTowhee, 2, 1; Rufous-slded Woodpecker,1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Black-billed Towhee,2, 2; Cooper'sHawk, 1, 1; FlammulatedOwl, 1, Magpie, 1; Mockingbird,1; Am. Robin, 1; Yellow- 1; Great Horned Owl, 1, 1; Long-earedOwl, 1, 0, Saw- headedBlackbird, 1; Com.Grackle, 1; SongSparrow, 1. whet Owl, 1, 0; Hairy Woodpecker,1, 1; WesternFly- Total: 34 species;212 territorialmales or females(296/ catcher,1, 1; Steller'sJay, 1, 1; Mountain Bluebird, 1, 0, km2, 120/100 acres).Remarks: Major increases(> 50%) Brown-headedCowbird, 1, 1; Scrub Jay, 0.5, 0.5. Total: occurredin 4 species(House Wren, Com. Flicker,Com. 35 species;107.5 territorial males or females(885/km 2, Yellowthroatand Am. Kestrel),while major decreases 358/100 acres). Remarks: 41 nests were found: Cliff werenot notedin anyspecies. In general,there has been Swallow,12; Violet-greenSwallow, 6; MourningDove, 3, an increasein species(15 to 34) and individualpairs (60 Dusky Flycatcher, 2; Mountain Chickadee, 2; Pygmy to 212) from 1973 to 1977. This is believed due to Nuthatch, 2; Am. Robin, 2; W. Bluebird, 2; Starling, 2, improvementin water conditions (runoff from the power Gray-headedJunco 12; Cooper'sHawk, 1; GreatHorned plant)and habitat. There was virtually no grazingon the Owl, 1; Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 1; Yellow-bellied area in 1977 and understoryvegetation made a remark- Sapsucker,1; W. WoodPewee, 1; White-breastedNut- ablerecovery. The areahas been censused regularly since hatch,1; MountainBluebird, 1. Comparedto the 1959 1972as a continuingavain monitoring program to eval- census,10 specieswere lost and 13 gained.Of these,14 uate the effectsof the Fort St. Vrain NuclearGenerating nestedin a generalarea both yearsand were probably Station, which as yet is not fully operational. -- missedbecause of minor differencesin plot sizeor cen- HERMAN J. GRIESE, Dept. of Fishery and Wildlife susingtechniques. Black-chinned Hummingbirds and Bmlogy,Colorado State Univ.,Ft. Collins,Co. 80523. Yellow-rumpedWarblers have disappeared as breeders, and Starlingshave moved into the area.Warbling Vireos 113. MIXED-MESOPHYTIC CANYON BOTTOM and Willow Flycatchers(both 1959) may breed locally -- Location:New Mexico; McKinley Co., Cottonwood someyears. The Black-cappedChickadees recorded in Gulch, 7 mi S of Thoreau; Sec. 34, T13N, R13W; 35ø 1959 are regardedby severalauthorities as a likely 19•N, 108ø12•W,Pine CanyonQuadrangle, USGS. Con- misidentification.Yet the specieswas also recorded finuity: Established1959; 2 intermittent years. Size: locallyin 1960 and 1961. Thesebirds (or bird; the 1959 12 14 ha = 30.0 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAFN 13: pair mayhave been mixed) may have been strays which 466-467 (1959). The plot was extendedup-and down- persistedin the area for severalseasons. There is no streamfrom the 1959 plot, but no newvegetation types evidenceof a Black-cappedChickadee irruption in AFN wereadded. The plot comprisesabout one linear mile of reports for any of these years. The total absenceof the streambedand the floodplain of SawyerCreek. The Yellow-belliedSapsuckers and Gray-headedJuncos from upper half is dominatedby mature PonderosaPines the 1959census is inexplicable.There is no way of assess- (Pmusponderosa) with very little understory,and the ing the local history of the Dusky Flycatcher, as the lowerhalf is dominatedby small grovesof Narrow-leaf speciesmay have beenmisidentifled in the past. Seven Cottonwood(Populus angustifolia) separated by willow were netted and identifiedin the hand this year. This is (Sahxspp.) thickets and grassy areas. Because of lack of the onlyknown population of the speciesin westernNew uniformity,quantitative analysis of the vegetationwould Mexico between the Jemez Mountains and the White appear to be misleading.Edge: Pinyon-juniperwood- Mountainsof Arizona(J.P. Hubbard, pets.comm ) In land, exceptfor the lowerone-fourth, which is bounded general,the area seemsto supportan aviancommunity by grassland.Topography: Essentially fiat bottom of a adaptedto slightlymore mesicconditions than that of shallowcanyon. Canyon slopes were included where they 1959.In keepingwith usualpatterns of habitat separa- borevegetation typical of the canyonbottom. Elevation: tion, Mountain Bluebirds and Green-tailed Towhees 7520-7620 ft (2292-2322 m). Weather: The first half of nesteddownstream in moreopen habitat than W. Blue- 1977was extremely dry, with virtually no precipitation. birds and Rufous-sided Towhees. We wish to thank S The first major rainfall of the summercame on July 21. Buchsbaumfor supplyingweather data, C. Grimm for Monthlyprecipitation (inches) and meandaily maximum assistingwith netting, and S. Pearce and D. Weld for and minimumtemperatures (øF) were as follows:June, assistingwith censustaking. -- JENNIFERJ. PRICE 0 13, 77.3, 37.3; July,2.66, 79.1, 48.1; August,2.35, 84.2, and D. ARCHIBALD McCALLUM, Cottonwood Gulch 52 1 (Augusttemperatures for the first half of the month Foundation, Box 969, Thoreau, N.M. 87323. only) Winds were light throughoutthe censusperiod. 114. FARM WITH PONDS. -- Location: Utah, Coverage:March 26; May 25-June9, June17-August 16; WashingtonCo., SpringdaleTown (SpringdaleDevelop- 0400-2400, MDT. Total man-hours;well over 100. Cert- ment Cortx properties);37ø10'N, 113ø00'W; Zion sre: The secondnumber after each speciesname is the NationalPark TopographicMap (Zion CanyonSection), number of territorial males or females found within the USGS.Continuity: Established 1976. Size: 10.52ha = 26
V•ume32, Numberl • acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 31 79 (1977).With recordedm 1975wath a notabledoubhng from 4.5 to 9 summer cattle ranges dosed becauseof the severe breedingpairs of Ruby-crownedKinglets, while Yellow- drought,the hayfields were grazed all summer,resulting rumped Warblers were back to the 8 territorial males m a lack of seed-bearingplants and coverfor ground- recordedin 1973. Chipping Sparrowsincreased by 7 nestingbirds. One springthat fed the cattail-covered pairs over 1975-76,while Fox Sparrowshalved in num- pondfailed in mid-June;half of the pondhad dried up bersfrom the 1976record 6 pairs;Mountain Bluebards by the end of the month.Weather: May wasunusually droppeddrastically from 5 pairs in 1976to just one pair cold and windy, with averagemaximum temperatures this year. White-crownedSparrows also dropped dras- 8øF below normal. Severalgood stormsbrought above tically from 13 pairs in 1976 to just 7 in 1977. Whde averagemoisture, but it failed to penetratesoil baked by SpottedSandpipers were recorded early, drought conda- two yearsof drought.Coverage: May 1, 15, 21, 29; June tionseliminated this breeding bird for thefirst time since 4, 11, 20, 25; July 3, 10, 15-16, 23; 0545-1300, MDT. the censusstarted. Lazuli Buntingshave returned after Total man-hours:27. Cemus:Red-winged Blackbird, 17 an absenceof 3 seasons,though they had bred southof (162, 65); Am. Robin, 4; Yellow Warbler, 4; LesserGold- plot in 1974. Cassin'sFinches dropped back to 4 pmrs finch, 4; Gambel's Quail, 3 (29, 12); Black-chinned after last year's8. An earlyand quitedry springmay be Hummingbird,3; N. Oriole,3; VirginiaRail, 2; Spotted responsiblefor someof the dropin territorialmales We Sandpiper,2; Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 2; Black- are grateful to the staff of the Malheur National Forest headedGrosbeak, 2; Ring-neckedPheasant, 1; Sora,1; for their cooperationand assistance.-- MERLE A Black Phoebe,1; Say'sPhoebe, 1; ScrubJay, 1; Phaino- ARCHIE, and ROBERT A. HUDSON, P.O. Box 81, pepla, 1; Starling,1; SongSparrow, 1. Total: 21 species; Bates, Ore. 97817. 64 males and female hummingbirdsand blackbirds (608/km•, 246/100acres). Remarks: Twenty species that 116. DIGGER PINE PARKLAND -- Location: Cal- bred m 1976 either failed to appear or did not staylong ifornia;Inyo Co., SandCanyon, in southernmost exten- enoughto nest,while only 55% of lastyear's total nested sion of the Sierra Nevadas,12 mi N on State Hwy 14 tMs year;prolonged drought, coupled with cold,windy from intersectionof StateHwys. 178 and 14, then about6 weatherduring May, probablycaused the dropin breed- mi W on Brown Rd., N boundaryis immediatelyadja- lng activity.Rails and blackbirdshad finishednesting cent to road, T25S, R37E, sectionsunsurveyed, Little beforecattle grazed the cattailsfrom the dried-uppond Lake Quadrangle,35ø47'N 117ø56'W. Continuity: New. m late June.Three pairs of quail producedonly 8 young. Size..9.06 ha = 22.4 acres.Description of Plot: Near the Sora and Broad-tailed Hummingbirds were new this confluenceof an intermittentand a permanentstream A year, the hummingbirdsremained in Zion Canyonto use dirt roadpasses over the SE portionof the plot. A rel- bardfeeders, instead of movingto their usualrange at ativelyopen, park-like stand of DiggerPine (Pinus sabt- higherelevations. -- JEROME L. GIFFORD, P.O. Box nlana) interspersedwith other tree species,predom- 85, Springdale,Utah 8476Z inantlywillow. The woodyundergrowth is rathersparse and consistsof Rabbitbrush(Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 115. SCATTERED MIXED CONIFEROUS FOR- C. viscidiflorus,C. teretifolius),Squaw Waterweed (Bac- EST IN SUBALPINE MEADOWS AND SPRUCE charissergiloides), Mule Fat (B.glutinosa), Basin Sage- BOGS. -- Location:Oregon; Grant Co., Bates,V4 mi E brush (Artemsia tridentata), Linear-leavedGoldenbush of Indian Rock Lookout;44ø45'N, 118ø45'W, Desolation (Haplopappuslinearifolius), Bitterbrush (Purshia trtden- ButteQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973; rata), Desert Peach (Prunus andersonii), Cottonwood 5 consecutiveyears. Size: 32.38 ha = 80 acres.Descrip- (Populuseremontii), Joint-Fir (Ephedra viridis), and tion of Plot: See AB 27:1002-1003 (1973). Weather: BeavertailCactus (Opuntia basilaris).Other shrub spe- Temperatures31-60øF; clear on 10 censusesand partly ciesare: Snakeweed(Gutierrezia microcephala), Ceano- cloudyon 5. Rain amountedto 0.46 in. (June17 to July thussp., Vitis Girdiana, and A triplexcanescens. There is 31). Fall, winterand springprecipitation was well below groundcover of perennialgrasses: Poa secunda, P. neva- normaland snowpackwas almost nonexistent, leading to densis,Sitanion hystrix, Elymus glaucus,Muhlenbergta an earlynesting season. Coverage: June 17-18, 21, 23, 25, asperifolia,Melica imperfecta, and Koeleria crtsata 27, 29; July 2, 5, 7-8, 11, 13, 15, 19; 0523-0835,PDST. Herbaceousgrowth and annuals are also important, Total man-hours:40. Census:Chipping Sparrow, 20 (62, there are suchspecies as Bromusdiandrus, B. rubens, 25), Ruby-crownedKinglet, 9 (28, 11); Yellow-rumped Descuriniapinnata, Lepidium fremontii, Phacelia sp, Warbler, 8 (25, 10); White-crownedSparrow, 7 (22, 9); Senecia douglasii, Cirsium undulatum, Salvia colum- Lmcoin'sSparrow, 6 (19, 8); Am. Robin, 4 (12, 5); bariae,and Trt_foliumwormskioldiœ A quantitatave Cassm'sFinch, 4; Fox Sparrow,3 (9, 4); Com.Flicker, 1; surveyof the vegetationgave the followingresults: trees, Mountain Chickadee,1; Rock Wren, 1; Mountain Blue- 3-in. in diameter and over, based on six 0.1-acre circle bard,1; Golden-crownedKinglet, 1; Lazuli Bunting,0.5. samples:78.4/acre; total basal area, 136.4ft2/acre Spe- Total: 14species; 66.5 territorial males (205/km •, 83/100 ciescomprising the studyplot (figures after each species acres) Visitors:Spotted Sandpiper, Rufous Humming- give number of trees/acre,relative density (%), relative bard,Gray Jay, Steller'sJay, Clark's Nutcracker,Red- dominance,and frequencyin that sequence):Dagger breastedNuthatch, Pine Siskin, Red Crossbill,Vesper Pine 62, 80, 94, 100; Willow (Salixgooddingii), 8, 10, 1, Sparrow,Dark-eyed Junco, Brewer's Sparrow. Remarks: 33; FloweringAsh (Fraxinusdipetala), 6, 8, 4, 17; Black Nestslocated; Com. Flicker (2 fledglings),1; Mountain Walnut (Juglansnigra) 2, 2, 1, 17. Total trees by CMckadee,1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler (2 fledglings),1; diametersize class (figures after eachclass give number Lincoln'sSparrow (3 fledglings),1;. Numbersof species of trees/acre,relative density(07o), basal area in ft:/acre, were down 4 from the 18 recorded last year, with 2 and relativedominance): A (3-6 in.) 10, 12, 1.1, 1; B (6-9 specaesnew for the plot (Rock Wren and Golden- in.) 24, 31, 7.4, S; C (9-15 in.) 21, 26, 16.3, 12; D (15-21 crownedKinglet). Breeding activity was close to the level in.) 11, 14, 19.8, 14; E (21-27 in.) 3, 4, 10.0, 8; F (27-33
94 AmericanBirds, January 1978 in)2, 2, 78, 6, G (33-40 in), 3, 4, 23 3, 17, H(>40 in ), Goldfinch,1 A flock of 50 (+) immatureStarlings was 5, 6, 50.7, 37. Tree speciesby diametersize class - Digger feedingin the studyarea after May 20. Territoriesof Pine A 6, 8, 0.7, +; B 18, 22, 5.4, 4; C 16, 20, 12.6, 9; D MourningDoves and Mockingbirds were only one half of 10, 12, 17.0, 12; E 3, 4, 10.0, 7; F 2, 2, 7.8, 6; G 3, 4, 23.2, thatreported last year. Territories of SongSparrows were 17, H 5, 6, 50.7, 37. Willow: A 3, 4, 0.4, +; B 5, 6, 1.5, 1. twiceas high as last yeaifs.These differences are most FloweringAsh: B 2, 2, 0.5, +; C 3, 4, 2.5, 2; D 2, 2, 2.8, 2. likelyowing to the differentmeans utilized by the dif- Black Walnut: C 2, 2, 1.2, 1. Ground cover,25%, Canopy ferentobservers in evaluatingthe field data. --JEFF cover,75%; averagecanopy height, 71.7 ft (range45-85 BOYD and BRIAN DANIELS, Dept. Biol., Cal. St U, ft) Cattle havegrazed on the plot for decadesand con- LongBeach, Calif. 90840. tmue to use the area; old ranch buildings are nearby. Campingoccurs on siteand there is a refusedump in the 118. WILLOW WOODLAND - FRESHWATER intermittentstreambed on the plot edge.Human related MARSH. -- Location: California; Los Angeles Co , useshave undoubtedly affected vegetation composition South Gardena Park Site; NW of intersectionof Artesla and cover.Edge: Bounded on E by willows,on N and S Blvd. and Vermont Ave., Gardena; 33ø53'N,118ø18'W by desertscrub and on W by a rathersteep hill sparsely Continuity:New. Size: 2.85 ha = 7.03acres (irregular in coveredwith pine.Topography: Relatively flat, with the shape,acreage determined from pacedboundaries) exceptionof the SE corner,where the terrain is more Descriptionof Plot: Remnantparcel of naturalriparian rugged A rock outcroppingextends from the central habitathistorically present throughout drainages on the portionof the S boundaryto the center.Elevation: 3920 southernCalifornia coastal floodplain; such habitat has ft Weather:Temperatures 45-94øF. Light rain fell on beenessentially eliminated in the LosAngeles basin as a April30 andMay 1, heavyrain onMay 8 and9. Some result of stream channelization,draining of wetlands, precipitationoccurred on severalother days in May. andurban sprawl. Additional description of physicaland Coverage:April 30; May 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 18, 27: 0430- vegetationalcharacteristics of the areaare givenin the 0900, PST. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Mourning 1976Winter Bird PopulationStudy (AB 32:00).The plot Dove,5 (55, 22); ScrubJay, 3 (33, 13); HouseFinch, 3; is in a shallowdepression, and becomesflooded with LesserGoldfinch, 3; Costa'sHummingbird, 2; Blue-gray rainwater runoff. The extent of this flooding varied Gnatcatcher,2; Black-throatedSparrow, 2; Long-eared between70% of the areaduring the first censusand 35% Owl, 1, Hairy Woodpecker,1; CationWren, 1; MacGil- of the area on the last census.Weather: Daytime tem- hvray's Warbler, 1; Scott's Oriole, 1; W. Tanager, 1; peraturesaveraged 73øF. Severe drought conditions pre- Lawrence'sGoldfinch, 1. Total: 14 species;27 territorial vail in California;a heavyrain stormin earlyMay left males(298/km 2, 121/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsof Les- recordprecipitation for thissingle month, but failedto ser Goldfinch(2) and Blue-grayGnatcatcher (1) were havea significantimpact on the overallwater supply foundand 2 recentlyfledged Long-eared Owls were seen. Coverage:March 8, 15,22; April 6, 15,25-26; May 6-7, Hermit Thrushespossibly nested, but no conclusive 0600-1045,Total man-hours:13. Census:Song Sparrow, evidencewas found. Estimatesof densityfor Mourning 12(422, 171); Mourning Dove, 5 (176,71); Brown-headed Dovesand HouseFinches may be inaccurateowing to the Cowbird,5; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 4 (141, 57), difficulty of determiningbreeding birds in contrastto Corn. Bushtit, 3 (105, 43); Lesser Goldfinch, 3; Brown thoseregularly passing through the plot.This studywas Towbee,2.5 (87, 36); Anna's Hummingbird,2; House sponsoredby the Bureau of LandManagement, Califor- Sparrow,2; HouseFinch, 2; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1, ma DesertPlan Program;they alsoprovided vegetation W. Meadowlark,0.5; Red-shoulderedHawk, +. Total: data -- CHARLES F. DOCK, 1164 W. Adams Blvd., 13 species;42 territorialmales or females(1476/km 2, LosAngeles, Calif. 90007. 597/100 acres). Remarks.' The following specieswere 117. URBAN NATURE CENTER. -- Location: Cal- presentbut nestingcould not be documented: Cinnamon lforma,Los Angeles Co., E1 Dorado Nature Center, Long Teal, Sora,and HouseWren. This projectwas made pos- Beach,bounded on theN by SpringSt., S byWillow St., siblethrough a grant from the ShirleyWells Conserva- E by a treefarm, W bythe San Gabriel River. Continu- tion Fund of the E1 Dorado Audubon Society -- ity: Established1976. Size: 34.4 ha = 85 acres.Descrip- JONATHAN ATWOOD, 2218 San Anseline #6, Long tion of Plot: SeeAB 31:78 (1976) censusesno. 131 and Beach,Calif. 90815. 132, seealso AB 25:656(1971) census no. 39. Weather: Morninglow cloud cover on most days; 1.3 in. rain;tem- 119. CREOSOTEBUSH WASH. -- Location: Texas, peraturerange 81ø-49øF. Coverage: April 12, 14, 17, 19, E1 PasoCo., 0.5 mi W of intersectionof Interstate 10 and 21, May 3, 15, 17,19-22, 26, 28;0530-1000. Total man- Mesa Street, 31ø46'N, 106ø30'W,E1 Paso Quadrangle, hours 61. Census:Mourning Dove, 27 (78, 32); Song USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 15.62 ha = 38.6 acres Sparrow,15 (44, 18);Mockingbird, 14 (41, 16);Starling, (measuredfrom topographicmap with planimeter) 6 (17, 7); N. Oriole, 6: SpottedDove, 5 (15, 6); Lesser Descriptionof Plot: The dominantshrub species include Goldfinch,5; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 3 (9, 4); Creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and White-thorn Aca- LoggerheadShrike, 3; Anna'sHummingbird, 2; Corn. cia (Acacia constricta). Snakeweed(Gutierrezia luctda), Bushtit, 2; Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Brown-headed Mesquite(Prosopis julifiora) and Ephedra viridisoccur Cowbird,2; HouseFinch, 2; Pied-billedGrebe, 1; Am. in lesseramounts. A point-centered-quartersurvey of the Coot,1; BlackPhoebe, 1; Am. Robin,1. Total: 18 spe- vegetationgave the followingresults: Individuals per cies,98 territorialmales or females(285/km 2, 115/100 acre,417; total percentcover per acre, 18%. Importance acres) Visitors: Ash-throatedFlycatcher, W. Wood percentageof major shrub species:Creosotebush 60%, Pewee,Long-billed Marsh Wren, Swainson'sThrush, Acacia19%, Mesquite 9%, Snakeweed9%, Ephedra2% Trmolored Blackbird. Remarks: 40 active nests found: Edge:Bordered on the E andN by similarhabitat, on the MourningDove, 21; Mockingbird,7; N. Oriole,6; Corn. S by a rockwalland on the W by an accessroad. Topog- Bushtit, 2; Starling,2; LoggerheadShrike, 1; Lesser raphy: A gentlysloping, steep-sided drainage. Elevation:
Volume32, Number I 95 Approximately 3400 ft Weather: Warm throughout Total: 6 tr•ps, 0520-1020,averaging 78 m•nutes Total period; rain on 2 days.Coverage: July 1-8; dawn-0900. man-hours:7.8. Census:Bendire's Thrasher, 1; Logger- Total man-hours:19. Census:Black-throated Sparrow, headShrike, 0.5; Gambel'sQuail, +; CactusWren, +, 10 (64, 26), Black-chinnedHummingbird, 6 (38, 16), Verdin, +. Total: 5 species;1.5 territorial males(8/km 2, Mockingbird,3 (19, 8), ScaledQuail, 1; MourningDove, 3/100 acres). Remarks: The census area is the site of a 1, ScoWsOriole, 1, HouseFinch, 1. Total: 7 species;23 futurehousing development. -- RANDALL MADDING, territorial males (147/km 2, 60/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Box 1614,Nogales, Ariz. 85621. Kestrel, LesserNighthawk, LoggerheadShrike, Red- w•ngedBlackbird. Remarks: Nests located: Mourning 122. PALOVERDE DESERT SCRUB. -- Location: Dove, 2 with two eggs;ScoWs Oriole, 1; ScaledQuail Arizona;Maricopa Co., 3 mi E of Scottsdale;33ø35'N, w•th 5 young. -- WILLIAM HOPPES, 300 Country 111ø50'W,Sawik Mountain Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Club, E1 Paso, Texas. 79922. tinuity: New. Size: 12.18ha = 30.1 acres(1045 x 1254ft, measuredwith a compassand tape).Deserlptlon of Plot: 120. BLUE GRAMA-RABBITBRUSH GRASS- Dominant plants are Yellow Paloverde (Cerctdtum LAND -- Location: New Mexico; McKinley Co., Cotton- mlcrophyllum)and Ironwood(Olneya tesota).Other wood Gulch, 7 mi S of Thoreau; SW¬, SW¬, Sec. 26, plantsin the plot are Creosotebush(Larrea divarwata), T13N, R13W; 35ø19'N, 108ø11'W,Pine CanyonQuad- Jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis), Wolfberry •Lycium sp ), rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 16.19 ha = 40 Bitterbush•Encelia parinosa), Bursage .(Ambrosia sp ), acres (square,surveyed). Description of Plot: Species Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja linariafolia), Mistletoe composition,coverage, and frequencywere estimatedby (Phoradendroncalifornicum), Saguaro (Cereusg•gan- point •nterceptionat 1 m intervals along two 325 m teus),Barrel Cactus(Ferocactus sp.), and Cholla (Opun- transects.Each 25 m segmentof a transectwas con- tia sp.).Approximately ¬ of the groundis void of plants s•dereda plot for the purposeof estimatingfrequency. Edge: Surroundedon all sidesby similar habitat. Topog- Absolute percentagesfor coverageand frequencyare as raphy: Flat. Elevation: 1530 ft. Coverage:May 14-16, follows:bare ground,34.2, 100; litter, 2.3, 42; rocks,1.0, 28-30. Total, 6 trips, 0535-1100, averaging58 minutes 12, Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnusnauseosus), 10.5, 81; Total man-hours:5.8. Census:Gambel's Quail, 1.5, Ver- Snakeweed(Gutierrezia sarothrae), 7.2, 50; Rose (Rosa din, 1.5; Costa'sHummingbird, 1; Com. Flicker, 1, Cac- sp ), 1 S, 12; Four-wingSalt-bush (Atriplex canescens), tus Wren, 1; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher,1; Brown-headed 0 9, 15; Blue Grama (Boutelouagracilis), 18.6, 88; Sand Cowbird, 1; Gila Woodpecker, 0.5; Starling, +; House Dropseed(Sporobolus cryptandrus), 7.1, 62; herbs,15.5, Sparrow,+; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +; HouseF•nch, 88, other grasses,S.S, 65. Edge: One fourth of the +. Total: 12 species;8.5 territorial males (70/km•, perimeter is borderedby heavily-grazedirrigated pas- 28/100 acres).Remarks: The plot is the site of a future tureland. The remainder of the perimeter is abutted by housingdevelopment. -- RANDALL MADDING, Box s•mfiar vegetation.Topography: Gently slopingto the 1614,Nogales, Ariz. 85621. NW corner,except for a steep2 m slopewhich separates the alluvial NW corner from the residual soils on the remainderof the plot. Elevation:7420-7460 ft (2262-2274 123. PYGMY FOREST-CHAPARRAL. -- Location: m) Weather: SeeCensus 113. Coverage:May 28; June 3, Utah, Kane Co., E entrance of Zion National Park, 7, 24, July 1-2, 9, 19, 28; dawn-1130,MDT. Total man- 37ø14'N, 112ø52'30"W(Wi/2 of NEV4; E% of NW¬ of hours 22. Census: Vesper Sparrow, S.S (34, 14); NW¬, Sec. 20, T41S, R9W, Salt Lake B&M): Zion Brewer's Sparrow, 4 (25, 10); Horned Lark, 2; W. NationalPark TopographicMap (ZionCanyon Section), Meadowlark, 2; Green-tailed Towhee, 1. Total: S spe- USGS.Continuity: New. Size: 16.19ha = 40 acres(440 cies, 14.5 territorial males (90/km:, 36/100 acres).Vis- yards square,paced). Topography: Ridges and arid itors: Am. Kestrel, Killdeer, Mourning Dove, Broad- drainageson a canyonbottom. Elevation: 1731-1798 tailed Hummingbird, Violet-greenSwallow, Cliff Swal- meters(5680-5900 ft). Descriptionof Plot: A low forest, low, Sage Thrasher, W. Bluebird, Mountain Bluebird, withUtah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) the dominant Brewer's Blackbird, Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: tree; the woodlandis interspersedwith densepatches of Nestfound: 1 VesperSparrow. A SageThrasher wasseen GambelOak (Quercusgambelii) and clearingscovered and heard singingon two occasions,but otherwisewas with Big Sagebrush(Artemisia tridentata). Chaparral not detected. Grazing has been sporadicfor over 10 coversa ridgein the SW corner;another ridge at the N years M. Barbehenn,P. Broder, R. Shrigley,R. Von- centerhas PinyonPine (Pinusedulis) and Greenleaf negut, and C. Weld assistedwith censustaking. -- D. Manzanita(Arctostaphylos patula). Trees3-in. andover, ARCHIBALD McCALLUM and JENNIFER J. PRICE, basedon six circular 1/10-acre samples,50/acre; total Cottonwood Gulch Foundation, Box 969, Thoreau, N.M. basalarea 10 ft2/acre.Species comprising 100% of the 87523 total number of trees:Gambel Oak, 32, 65, 72, 17; Utah Juniper, 10, 19, 21, 67; Pinyon Pine, 5, 13, 6, 17, 121. CREOSOTEBUSH DESERT SCRUB. -- Loca- PonderosaPine (P. ponderosa),2, 3, 1, 17. Trees by tion: Arizona; Maricopa Co., 1 mi E of Scottsdale; diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 37, 74, 2.3, 23; B (6-9 m ) 33ø35'N, 111ø52'30"W, Sawik Mountain Quadrangle, 11,22, 6.9, 69; C (9-15in.) 2, 4, 0.8,8; D-H (over15 m ) 0, USGS Continuity: New. Size: 19.47 ha = 48.1 acres canopycover 22%; canopyheight 21 ft (range16-30), (1254 x 1672 ft, measured with a compassand tape). groundcover 36%. The chaparralis composedof saphng Descriptionof Plot:The domihant plant is Creosotebush GambelOaks 47%, Big Sagebrush27%, ParryRabb•t- •Larrea divaricata)averaging S ft in height and spaced brush (Chrysothamnusparryi) 15%; GreenleafManza- 5-20 ft apart. The dominantgrass is Schismusbarbatus. nita 7% and GreenEphedra (Ephedra viridis) 3%, with Approximately• of the groundis void of plants.Edge: 988 shrub stems/acre.Edge: Bordered on all sidesby Surroundedon all sidesby similar habitat. Topography: similarvegetation. Beyond the NE and NW cornersare Flat Elevation: 1380 ft Coverage: May 14-16, 28-30 sheercliffs 500-700 ft high Soil' sand, with someout- 96 AmericanBirds, January 1978 croppingsof sandstone Weather: Temperatureswere 125. CHEESEBUSH-GOLDENBUSH SCRUB. -- slightly above average.Good storms in early June Location: California; Kern Co., Sand Canyon, in the broughtspring flowers into bloomin Julyafter theyhad southern most extensionof the Sierra Nevada Mtns, 12 beenheld back by drought. Coverage:June 5, 12, 17, 26; mi N on StateHwy. 14 from intersectionof StateHwys July 4, 8-9, 17, 20-21, 27, 31; 0540-1045, MDT. Total 178 and 14, then about5 mi W on Brown Rd.; S branch man-hours:21. Census:W. Bluebird, 7 (43, 18); Cassin's of road crossesE half of plot. (On map, plot lies imme- Finch,6 (37, 15);Gray Vireo,5 (31, 13);Chipping Spar- diately W of the "Y" formed by the intersectionof the row, 5; Mourning Dove, 4 (25, 10); Com. Bushtit, 4; main stream bed and the intermittent stream from the Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; Broad-tailedHummingbird, 3 South Fork); would be SE•¬ of See. 1, T255, R37E, if (19, 8); Cassin'sKingbird, 3; Steller'sJay, 3; Plain Tit- defined on map; Little Lake Quadrangle, USGS, 35ø mouse, 3; Hairy Woodpecker,2; Gray Flycatcher,2; 4TN, 117ø56'W.Continuity: New. Size: 12.5 ha = 30 9 Scrub Jay, 2; Black-throatedGray Warbler, 2; Green- acres.Description of Plot: Plant communitytypical of tailed Towhee, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 1. Total: 17 desert-facingslopes of S Sierra Nevada Mtns.; shrubs species;58 malesand femalehummingbirds (358/km 2, 20-55in. in height.Density of shrubsdecreases from E to 145/100 acres).Remarks: Raptors seen hunting over the W asslope increases. Dirt roadcuts through from N to S plot Sharp-shinnedHawk (4 trips),Cooper's Hawk (1), near E boundary.Vegetation: Three toe-pointtransects female Merlin (3). White-throated Swifts and Violet- totaling475 pointswere conducted to determinepercent greenSwallows nested in the cliffsto the north;they fre- coverand plant composition.The substratumwas com- quentlyfed overthe plot. LesserGoldfinches were abun- posed of 62.6% bare ground, 28.5% litter, 2.3% small dant during July, but there was no sign of nesting. rocks (< 2 in.), 0.8% large rocks (> 2 in.), and 5 8% Broad-tailedHummingbirds did not arriveuntil flowers perennialshrub stemsand grasses.The 25% canopy came into bloom in early July. --JEROME L. GIF- cover of shrubswas made up of 45.2% Cheesebush FORD, P.O. Box 85, Springdale,Utah 84767. Orlymenocleasalsola), 15.1% Linear-leavedGoldenbush Orlaplopappuslinearifolius), 7.8% California Buckwheat 124. SAGEBRUSH FLAT. -- Location: Wyoming; (Eriogonumfasciculatum), 6.7% Sulfur-headedBuck- CampbellCo., S.4 mi W of KingsburgGrade Road. Con- wheat (E. umbellatum), 6.1% Mountain Joint Fir tinulty: New. Size: 12.26ha = 30.3 acres(surveyed and (Ephedraviridis), 5.3% Great BasinBlue Sage(Salvia staked).Description of Plot: The dominantshrub species dorrii), 3.6% dead shrubs, 2.7% Desert Needle Grass Is Big Sagebrush(Artemisia tridentata); with lesser (Stt•s speciosa),2.5ø70 Adonis Lupine (Lupinusexcubt- amounts of Prickly Pear (Opuntia spp.) and Rabbit- tus),and less than 2% eachof Cottonhorn(Tetradymta brush(Chrysothamnus nauseosus). Grass species consist acillaris),Acton Encelia (Encelia virginensis ssp. actont), of Blue Grama (Boutelousgracilis), Needlethread(gtipa Four-wingSaltbush (Atriplex canescens),lNevadaJoint comata)and W. Wheat Grass (Agropyronsmithii). A Fir (Ephedra nevadensis),Beavertail Cactus (Opuntta point-centered-quartersurvey of the vegetationgave the basilaris),Anderson Thorn Bush (Lyciumandersontt), followingresults: Individuals per acre, 1003; total per- Eriastrum (Eriastrumdensifolium), Terete-leaved Rub- cent cover, 6%. Importance percentageof major shrub berbrush (Chrysothamnus teretifolius), Goldenhead species:Big Sagebrush88%, Opuntia 8%, Rabbitbrush (Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus), and Bitterbrush 4% Edge: Bordered on all sides by similar habitat. (Purshiatridentata). Cattle have grazedon the plot for Topography:Flat, slopinggently S. Elevation:Approx- decades.The easternportion, particularlyE of the road imately 4400 ft. Weather: Generally warm and clear; throughthe plot, is heavilyused and consistsprimarily of high temperatures85-95øF. Coverage: July 13-17, 19-21 Cheesebush,a weedyinvader species. Cattle wallowsare 0730-0900, 0900-1030 and 1700-1900. Total man-hours: common in his part. Edge: Bounded on N and E by 11 53. Census:Brewer's Sparrow, 16 (130, 53), Vesper ravineswith permanentstreams and goodstands of wil- Sparrow, 8 (65, 26), Lark Sparrow, 7 (57, 23), W. lows; and W boundariesare formed by rock outcrop- Meadowlark,6 (49, 20), Lark Bunting,S (41, 17), Sage pings.Topography: East facing slope,with severityof Thrasher,2, SavannahSparrow, 2, Mourning Dove, 1. slopeincreasing from E to W. Plot verysandy, with rock Total: 8 species;47 territorialmales or nestingpairs outcroppingson SW boundary.A steep-sidedravine cuts (383/km2, 155/100 acres).Visitors: Swainsoh'sHawk, upper(W) half of plot. Weather:Temperatures 45-94øF Golden Eagle, Prairie Falcon,Am. Kestrel,Killdeer, Lightrain fell onApril 30 andMay 1, heavyrain on May Com Nighthawk,Horned Lark, Cliff Swallow,Logger- 8 and 9. Some precipitation occurred on severalother head Shrike, Brewer'sBlackbird. Remarks: Somewhat daysin May. Coverage:May 1, 4, 11, 14, 18, 21, 24, 27, surprisingwas the lack of breedingHorned Larks. Two 0430-0900, PST. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Black- nestsfound: Mourning Dove with two eggsand Corn. throatedSparrow, 11 (88, 36); Costa'sHummingbird, 3 Nighthawkwith two eggs.This censuswas conducted in (24, 10); Rock Wren, 2; BrownTowhee, 2. Total: 4 spe- conjunctionwith four othersin the samevicinity to inves- cies; 18 territorial males (144/kmL 58/100 acres). While tigatethe correlationbetween species number diversity, Black-throated Sparrow territories were distributed eqmtabilityand densityof breedingspecies with horizon- ratherevenly over the W two-thirdsof the plot, onlyone tal and verticalstructure and compositionof the vegeta- territoryoccurred E of the road. This wasrather surpris- tion The only significant correlation found was an ing sincethe area E of the road comprised8.6 acresand inversecorrelation betweendiversity, density species did not seemto differ substantiallyin vegetationalstruc- number,and equitabilityand the importancepercentage ture from the area to the W of the road. However, it is of Sagebrush.Breeding bird community structure in herethat cattlegrazing has had its greatestimpact on the thesefive study areas was most dependentupon the substratumand vegetativecomposition. This studywas occurrence of grass and shrub species other than sponsoredby the Bureauof Land Management,Cahfor- Sagebrushrather than any differencesin horizontalor nia DesertPlan Program;they providedvegetation data verticalstructure -- WILLIAM HOPPES,300 Country -- CHARLES DOCK, 1164 W. Adams Blvd., Los Club, E1 Paso, Texas 79922. Angeles,Calif. 90007.
Volume 32, Number 1 97 126. COASTAL SAGE SCRUB. -- Location: Cahfor- throatedSwift, +, Com.Flicker, +, ScrubJay, +. Total: ma, Orange Co., Starr Ranch National Audubon Sanc- 12 species;42 territorialmales (519/kin 2, 210/100acres) tuary, on the S side of Pruesker Peak, 4.5 mi SE of Remarks:One Song Sparrow nest found (unsuccessful) Trabuco Canyon P.O. (5 mi N of the entranceto Ronald From a high of 20 White-crownedSparrows in 1972, W CaspersRegional Park on OrtegaHwy); 33ø37' 17•N, numbersof territorialmales have gradually dropped to 117ø35'49•W,Canada Gobernadora Quadrangle, USGS. 9.5 this year.Singing male Orange-crownedWarblers Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = 22.24acres (rectangular, weretensused in 1973(2) and 1974-75(1 eachyear), but 200 x 450 m, with long sidesapproximately N-S; sur- only1 malewas encountered this year. For the first time veyedwith a theodoliteand steeltape). Descriptionof a malePurple Finch set up a territory,singing on all four Plot: Costalsage scrub on E and W facingslopes of the S May dates,but it wasnot subsequently encountered No ridge of PrueskerPeak. A dirt fire road runs 300 m down censuswas taken in 1976,a droughtyear, and, although the ridgefrom N to S, turnsW andleaves the plot. Veg- the droughthas continued into 1977,there hasbeen no etationdensity and averageheight on the W facingslope appreciable decline in the total number of territorial is greaterthan the E facingslope. For both slopesvegeta- males.Thanks to Bob Stewartand BruceSorrie for their tion averages0.53 m high with 88.3% coverage.Plant help. Contribution No. 159, PRBO. --STUART speciesin orderof dominanceare: Artemisia californica, JOHNSTON,Point ReyesBird Observatory,Bohnas, 35 29%; Salvia leucophylla,23.51%; Poaceaespecies, Calif. 94924. 14 31%;Eriogonum fasciculatum, 13.38%; Opuntia sp., 9 45% The remaining4.06% consistsofGalium angusti- fohum, Lotus scoparius,Mirabills californica, Rhus tntegrtfolia,Salvia mellifera,and Yuccawhipplei. Edge: 128. CROESOTE-BRITTLEBUSH, ROCKY HILL- Borderedon all sidesby coastalsage scrub similar to the SIDE. -- Location: California; Imperial Co., Devil's plot Topography:Ridge with steepslopes on eachside. Canyonarea; adjacentto U.S. Hwy. 18 and 1.9 mi W of Elevation: 1480-1550 ft. Weather: Temperatures its intersectionwith State Hwy. 98 at Ocotillo.The NW moderatewith earlymorning fog on mostdays, clearing corneris approximately55 yards S of the highway,and by mid-morning.Coverage: April 29-30; May 1, 5, 7, 28, the N boundaryparallels the highway;El/2 Sec. 4 and 30, 0525-0848 hours, PDT. Total man-hours: 19.5. Cen- V•nASec. 3, T17S, R9E of the JacumbaQuadrangle, sus: Wrentit, 6.5 (72, 29); Rufous-crownedSparrow, 5 USGS; 32ø43'N,116ø03'W. Continuity: New. Size:20 ha (56, 22); Brown Towbee, 4.5 (50, 20); Black-chinned = 49.4 acres (irregularly rectangular, 400 x 500 m, Sparrow,4.5; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 4 (44, 18); Bewick's paced).Description of Plot: A sparselyvegetated steep Wren, 3.5 (39, 16); California Thrasher, 1.5; California rocky slopecovered with volcanicboulders up to about Quail, 1; CactusWren, 1. Total: 9 species;31.5 ter- 18 in. in diameter, borderingthe W edge of the Anza- ritorial males (350/kin2, 142/100 acres). Visitors: Am. BorregoDesert. Five 100 toe-pointtransects were con- Kestrel,Mourning Dove, Black-chinned Hummingbird, ductedto determinepercent cover and plant compos? Costa'sHummingbird, Anna's Hummingbird,Allen's tion.The substratum was c.omposed of 59.8% rocks (> 2 Hummingbird,Ash-throated Flycatcher, Lazuli Bunting, in), 34.8% small rocks (< 2 in), 3.8% litter, and 1 2% Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Sage Sparrows were shrubs.The shrub compositionwas 35.8% Brittlebush observed,but there was no evidenceof nesting.Male (Encelia farinosa), 28.2% Burrobush 64mbrosta hummingbirdswere feeding on Salvia leucophyllain dumosa), 20.4% CreosoteBush (Larrea tridentata), 6 8% large numbers.The onlynest found was the abandoned Krameria grayi, 2.8% White-stemmed Milkweed nest of a Cactus Wren. Thanks to Pete Grisak and his (Asclepiasalbicans), and 2.4% Barrel Cactus(Ferocactus FullertonCollege survey class for helpsurveying, and to acanthodes).Plants comprising less than 2% eachof the JuneWatanabe and Cathy Smith for their help with the shrub cover included Hibiscus denudatus, Opuntta vegetation analysis.--CHARLES A. SCHNEEBECK, echinocarpa,Erigonum trichopes,Fagonia laevis, Trtxts Dtwston of Life Sciences,Fullerton College, Fullerton, californica, Simmondsia chinensis,Fouquieria splen- Cahf 92634. dens, and Dalea schottii. There was no evidence of human use. Edge: The N edge parallels a highway, beyondwhich is typicalsandy desert dominated by Creo- soteBush, Ocotillo, smoketrees, and cholla;the SE cor- 127. COASTAL SCRUB. -- Location: California, ner is bordered by a sandy wash; the remainder •s Marin Co., 4 mi NW of Bolinas, 0.5 mi inside the S boundedby similarhabitat. Topography: A steeplyslop- boundary of Point ReyesNational Seashore;37ø55'N, ing hillsideranging from 1100 ft alongthe N border to 122ø45'W, Bolinas Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: approximately1600 ft at the SW corner.A narrow,rocky Established1971; 6 intermittentyears. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 arroyo runs from the middle to the N boundary; the SE acres(approximately rectangular, 800 x 1100 ft, meas- corneris adjacentto a larger, sandywash. Water: The ured) Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 25:1003-1004 (1971). nearest permanent water is at Dos Cabezas Camp- Weather: Morning fog with 5-10 mph NW winds most ground,approximately 6.5 mi NW. Coverage:April 3, 7, censusmornings. Rainfall this season(July 1976 to June 20, 27; May 2-3, 16, 19, 28; June 1; 0600-1100and 1830- 1977) 15.91 inches comparedto 17.61 inches for last 2000. Total party-hours:28.5. Census:Black-throated seasonwas considerablybelow a 37.33 inch averagefor Sparrow,1; Corn.Raven, +. Total: 2 species;1 territorial the previous9 years.Coverage: March 25; April 13-14, male (12/km 2, 5/100 acres). Remarks: Visitors (total 20, 28, May 4, 11, 17-18; June 8; 0615-1315(mostly recordedon 10 censuses).Mourning Dove, 5; White- 0700-1000). Total man-hours: 23. Census: Wrentit, 12 throated Swift, 3; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 2; Rock (148, 60); White-crowned Sparrow, 9.5 (117, 48); Wren, 2; Red-tailedHawk, 1; Am. Kestrel,1; humming- Rufous-sidedTowbee, 6 (74, 30); Allen'sHunningbird, 5 bird sp., 1; Horned Lark, 1; Barn Swallow,1; Orange- (62, 25); SongSparrow, S; Bewick'sWren, 2.5; Purple crowned Warbler, 1; Black-throated Gray Warbler, 1 Finch, 1; House Finch, 1; Turkey Vulture, +; White- This plot is 3 0 mi S of CensusNo 139 It is one of the 98 AmericanBirds, January 1978 most umnhab•table areas •mag•nable Black-throated Sec. 2T13S, R37E. WaucobaWash Quadrangle.Con- Sparrows,nesting in adjacentwashes, use the plot only tlnuity: New. Size: 3.66 ha = 9.04 acres(1335 m long, for feeding.The Ravennests in the foothillsto the W, but meanwidth 27.4 m, variedfrom 7 to 62 m dependingon foragesover the plot and adjacentsandy desert daily. widthof vegetation).Description of Plot:The lowerpor- Evenmigrating passerines avoid the area,seeking shelter tion of Willow Creek; contiguousriparian vegetation and food in the washesor in the sandydesert to the N. from the mouth of the canyonW up 1335 m. A per- Only oneunidentified lizard wasseen on the plot, and manent stream cuts through the plot in an E-W d•rec- there•s no evidenceof mammals.This surveywas spon- tion. The water is undergroundfor about 150 m the soredby the Bureau of Land Management,California upperW end of the plot.The vegetationvaries in density, Desert Plan Program. --JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., the lowerE end and upperW end containdense stands Hubbs-Sea Worm Research Inst., 1700 South Shores of trees,while the middle400 m containssparse vegeta- Rd , San Diego, Calif 92109. tion because of the lack of water or narrowness of the gorge.The dominantcanopy trees are Red Willow (Sahx 129. CREOSOTE - GOLDENHEAD DESERT laevigata),Narrow Leaf Willow (S. exigua) and Screw~ SCRUB. -- Location: California; Kern Co., Fremont bean Mesquite(Prosopis pubescens). An absolutecount Valley; 2 mi E of Neuralia Rd., the boundaryfence for wasmade of the dominantcanopy trees with a dbhof 7 6 the Desert TortoiseNatural Area crossesPhillips Rd., cm (3 in) and over:756 trees/studyplot (207 ha = or the plotbegins 54 yardsE of the fenceand 111yards N of 84/acre); total basal area 6.81 m2/ha (73.3 ft2/acre). Sahx wash N of Phillips Rd.; in the W« of Sec. 30, T31S, andProsopis by diametersize class (figure after eachs•ze R38E of CastleButte Quadrangle,USGS; 35ø12'N,117 ø classnumber of trees); A (7.6-15.2 cm or 3-6 in.) 28 for 5TW Continuity: New. Size: 36 ha = 88.96 acres Salix and 22 forProsopis; B (15.2-22.9 cm or 6-9 in) 37 (square,600 x 600m,paced). Description of Plot: A rich forSalix and 34 forProsopis;C (22.9-38.1cm or 9-15 •n ) and diverse creosote scrub community in the western 105 forSalix and 51 forProsopis;D (38.1-53.3cm or 15- Mojave Desert. Five 100 toe-point transectswere con- 21 in.) 93 forSalix and 59 forProsopis;E (53.3-68.6cm ductedto determinepercent cover and speciescomposi- or 21-27in.) 60 forSalix and24 forProsopis;F (68.6-838 tion The substratumwas composed of 40% plant litter, cm or 27-33 in.) 47 for Salix and 40 for Prosopts,G 29%bare ground, 4.4% small rocks (< • cm),and 2.6% (83.8-100 cm or 33-40 in.) 29 for Salix and 31 for Proso- woodyplant stems.The shrubcanopy cover of 8.4% was pis; H (> 100 cm or>40 in). 59 forSalix and 38 forProso- composedof 50% CreosoteBush (Larrea tridentata), pis; canopycover 80%. The upper part of the plot con~ 26 2% Goldenhead(Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus), rains the largesttrees. Their height was estimated-- 11 9ø7oCheese Bush (flymenocleasalsola), and 11.9ø70 Salix laevigata12 m andProsopispubescens 10 m. Most Burrobush(Ambrosia dumosa). The shrubcomposition prominentin the understoryare sapling willows, primar- •s 39% Goldenhead, 33% Burrobush, 15.6% Creosote ily Salix exigua.This speciesaccounts for nearlyall the Bush, 5% Cheese Bush, 4.6% Anderson Thornbush understoryin the lowerand upperhalf of the plot. Mule (Lycmmandersonii), 1.4% CooperGoldenbush (flaplo- Fat (Baccharisglutinosa) forms narrow groves of under- pappus cooperi),0.6% Winterfat (Eurotia lanata), 0.4% storythroughout the plot. Desert Baccharis(Bacchar•s Mojave Horsebrush (Tetradymia stenolepis), 0.2% sergiloides)is presentbut rare. Arrow-weed(Pluchea ser- Indmn Rice Grass (Oryzopsishymenoides), and 0.2% icea)occurs primarily in the center,where it isdominant W•shboneBush (Mirabills bigelovii).Annuals recorded Cattail(Typha domingensis) is presentwhere the stream on transects were Storksbill (Erodium cicutarium), been dammed-upfor drinking water. The lower half of Desert Calico (Langloisiamatthewsii) Schismus sp. and the plot is nearlybare of all groundcover from scounng Ermgonumsp. Other perennialspecies on plot not of the streamand grazingby feral burros;the majorityof recordedin transectswere Silver Cholla (Opuntia echino- groundcover in the upperhalf isJuncus cooperi, which carpa) and Peach-thorn (Lycium cooperi). Edge: occurs in dense stands in three areas. Watercress Bounded on the S by a wash 55 yards from the border (Rorippanasturtium-aquatica), Stream Orchid (Ep•pac- and on all other sidesby similar habitat. Topography: tis gigantea), Paint Brush (Castilleja minor) and Ber- Shghtlysloping (aspect WNW); nearestmountain slopes mudaGrass (Cynodon dactylon) make up the othercom- are the Sierra Nevada 7 mi WNW; a narrow wash crosses ponents of the ground cover. In a few areas Creosote the extreme NE corner. Elevation: 2250-2275 ft. Bush(Larrea tridentata) and Four-wing Saltbush (Atnp- Weather: Skiesclear on 6 days,cloudy on 2; light winds lex canescens)occur in smallclumps. The wallsof the on 6 days,winds 15-30 mph on 2. Coverage:April 26; canyonsupport only patchy vegetation with thesespecies May 3-4, 10, 17-18, 23, 26; 0610-0930and 1850-2020, beingnoted (in orderof decreasingabundance), Creosote PDST. Total: 22.2 man-hours. Census: Horned Lark, 13 Bush;Shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia), Mesquite OVro - (36, 15); SageSparrow, 3 (8, 3); Le Conte'sThrasher, +; sopisjulifiora); Indigo Bush OVaroselaschottii); Burro LoggerheadShrike, +. Total: 4 species;16 territorial Bush (Ambrosia dumosa) and Barrel Cactus (Echinocac- males (44/km 2, 18/100 acres). Visitors (total number mspolycephalus). Flash floods occur frequently in the recordedon 10 censuses):Wilson's Warbler, 18; Western gorge. There are several areas where fetal burros have K•ngbird, 2; LesserNighthawk, 2; Barn Swallow,2; trampledor grazedvegetation from groundlevel up to Emp•donaxsp., 2; Gray Vireo, 1. Remarks:One Horned 1.5 m (5 if) high.Topography: A deepnarrow gorge w•th Lark nestfound. This studywas sponsored by the Bureau steepwalls with a streamflowing through it; from 2700 of Land Management,California Desert Plan Program. to 2400ft (810-720m). Edge:The steepwalls have com- -- ROSS E. LANDRY, 6822 WestminsterAve #43, ponentsof a CreosoteBush community. Weather: Tem- Westminster,Calif 92683. peratures55-92øF. No precipitationwas recorded. Cover- age: April 6, 13, 20, 27; May 5, 19, 26, 31; 0545-0945 130. DESERT RIPARIAN. -- Location: California; Total man-hours:32. Census:Mourning Dove, 22 (601, Inyo Co., E slopeof the Inyo Mtns., at Willow Creek 243); House Finch, 8 (219, 88); Costa's Hummingbird Camp 43 2 mi SE of Big Pine, alongSaline Valley Road, (males),5 (137, 55), Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 5; Hooded
Volume 32, Number 1 99 Oriole,2, Black-headedGrosbeak, 2, LesserGoldfinch, (1972) Weather: Morning fog with 5-10 mph NW winds 2, Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 1. Total: 8 species;47 ter- mostcensus mornings. Rainfall this season(July 1976 to ritorial males(1285/km 2, 520/100 acres).Remarks: The June1977) 15.91 inches compared to 17.61inches for last followingnests were found: Mourning Dove 4; Costa's seasonwas considerablybelow a 37.33 inch averagefor Hummingbird,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 3; Hooded the previous9 years.Coverage: April 6, 12-16, 18-19,25, Oriole,1; HouseFinch, 2, and LesserGoldfinch, 1. A 27, 29-30; May 1, 25, 30; June 7; mostlybetween 0700- groupof 10-20feral burros used the plot regularly during 1200 hours. Total man-hours: 22. Census: White- certsusing.I thank Michael C. Longfor hisassistance in crownedSparrow, 4 (85, 34); SongSparrow, 4; Wrentit, identificationof some of the plant speciesand the 1.5; Allen's Hummingbird, 1; Corn. Bushtit, 1, Am Bureau of Land Managementstaff for their assistance Goldfinch, 1; Rufous~sidedTowhee, 1; Brown Towbee, andsuggestions. The studywas supported by the Desert 0.5; California Quail, +; Corn. Flicker, +; ScrubJay, +, Plan Program,BLM. -- ROBERT L. MC KERNAN, Bewick'sWren, +. Total: 12 species;14 territorial males 2620 N. 40th Street, Phoenix, Ariz. 85008. (298/km •, 121/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found, 3 Corn.Bushtit, Am. Goldfinch,Song Sparrow. No census 131. DISTURBED COASTAL SAGE. -- Location: was taken in 1976, a droughtyear, and, althoughthe California;Los AngelesCo., PalosVerdes Peninsula; drought has continuedinto 1977, there has been no PortugueseCanyon from just W of fire stationon Crest appreciable decline in the total number of territorial Rd to just E of big bend on dirt CrenshawBlvd. at males. Thanks to Bob Stewart and Bruce Sorrie. Con- PeacockFlat, E of PeppertreeDr. intoPortuguese Bend, tribution No. 158, PRBO. --STUART JOHNSTON, E of InspirationPt., 33ø45'N,118ø2fW, San Pedro Point ReyesBird Observatory,4900 State Rt. 1, Sttnson Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 5.57 ha = Beach,Calif 94970. 13 77 acres(Canyon slope, 133.3 x 500 yds,as measured on aerialmap, scale1:2400). Description of Plot: West- 133. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB (B). -- Loca- facingslope of S end of canyonnearest bend on dirt tion: California;Marin Co., 3.5 mi NW of Bolinas,and Crenshawextending 500 ydsN. PortugueseCanyon was 0.16 mi inside the S boundary of Point Reyes Nat'1 includedin the 900 acresof the PortugueseBend area, Seashore;37ø55'N, 122ø45'W, Bolinas Quadrangle, destroyedby fire in June,1973. Vegetation is extremely USGS. Continuity: Established 1971; 6 intermittent dryowing to lackof rainfallthis year. Dominant ground years. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot: See coverconsists of Wild Oats (Arenafatua) and Foxtails AB 25:1002-1003(1971). Weather: Morning fog with (Hordeurn)present in approximatelyequal abundance. 5-10 mph NW wind on mostcensus mornings. Roanfall, Lemonadeberry(Rhus integrlfolia),is found in lesser July 1976 to June 1977, 15.91 in. comparedto 17 61 in proportionto eitherthe Wild Oatsor Foxtailsbut is the for lastseason (37.33 in. averagefor the previous9 years) predominantshrub. Valarian (Centranthusrubber), Coverage:April 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27; May 4, 11, 18, 25, BushSunflower (Encelia californica) and Umbrella Plant June1; 0630-1500.Total man-hours:20. Census:Song (Ertogonurnfasciculaturn) are presentin equalpropor- Sparrow, 7.5 (93, 38); White-crownedSparrow, 3 (37, tions but to a lesser extent than the Lemonadeberry. 15); Am. Goldfinch, 2.5; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 2; Wren- Horehound•arrubiurn vulgate)was present only along tit, 0.5; Allen's Hummingbird, +; Corn.Flicker, +, Barn the bottom of the canyon.Miscellaneous plant cover Swallow,+; Cliff Swallow,+, Scrub Jay, +; Corn.Bush- includesBlack Sage(Salvia rnellifera), Wild Mustard tit, +; W. Bluebird,+; Starling,+; PineSiskin, +. Total: (Brassicacarnpestris), and Wild Radish(Raphanus sati- 14 species;15.5 territorial males (192/km2, 78/100 vus) Distributionof vegetationdetermined by Line acres).Remarks: Nests found: Am. Goldfinch(3) all eggs transect method. Topography:Elevation along slope taken by predators.Six of the 7.5 territorial SongSpar- averaging600 ft. Edge:Bounded on W by canyonslope rowswere in the 6-acre NW portion of the plot. The two- with cactusas principal vegetation. Weather: Low morn- year drought in central coastal California appearsto lng cloudspresent on mosttrips. Temperatures 54-57VF. havehad no impacton numbersof birdsin thisplot (the Coverage:April 2-3, 9, 16-17, 23-24; May 14-15, 17; 4-year average,1972-75, was 16.6 males).Contribution 0600-1030. Total man-hours: 37.4. Census:House Finch, No. 156, PRBO. -- GORDON BEEBE, Point ReyesBtrd 10 (179,73); Lazuli Bunting, 4 (72,29); Bewick'sWren, 3 Observatory,4990 State Rt. 1, Stinson Beach, Cahf (54, 22); Rufous-sidedTowbee, 3; Mockingbird, 2; 94970. Brown Towbee, 2; California Quail, 1; Anna's Hum- mingbird,1; Corn.Bushtit, 1; ScrubJay, +. Total: 10 134. JOSHUA TREE WOODLAND I. -- Location: species;27 territorialmales or females(485/km 2, 196/ California; Inyo and Kern Counties,Sand Canyon,in 100 acres). Visitors: W. Kingbird, Mourning Dove. southernmostextension of the Sierra Nevada Mtns, 12 Remarks:Owing to somewhatlimited availabilityof mi N on StateHwy. 14 from intersectionof StateHwys vegetationsuitable for breeding,following destruction by 178 and 14, then about 5 mi W on Brown Rd.; SE corner fire, mostterritories were taken by speciesresident to this of the plotis about46 yardsN of road(on map, N of the community.Territorial males of residentspecies out- "Y" formedby the intersectionof the main streambed numberedthose of summerbreeding species --KERIL. and the intermittent stream from the South Fork); would ODA, 20909Anza Ave., #246, Torrance,Calif 90503. be SE % of Sec. 1, T25S, R37E, if definedon map; L•ttle Lake Quadrangle,USGS; 35ø47'N,117ø56'W. Continu- 132. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB (A). -- Loca- ity: New. Size: 11.9 ha = 29.4 acres.Description of Plot: tion: California;Marin Co., 3.5 mi NW of Bolinas,just A JoshuaTree communitytypical of desert-facingslopes insidethe S boundaryof Point ReyesNational Seashore; of the Sierra Nevada Mtns. JoshuaTrees (Yucca brevtfo- 37ø55'N, 122ø45'W,Bolinas Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Ha vat herbert#)are scatteredover the plot, with concen- tinulty: Established1972; 5 intermittentyears. Size: 4.7 trationsnear the centerand W boundary.Two 100-pace ha = 11.6 acres(irregular, approximately 700 x 720 ft, toe-pointtransects were made to determinepercent cover measured) Description of Plot: See AB 26' 987-988 andspecies composition The substratumwas composed
100 American Birds, January1978 of 72% bare ground,14% litter, 0.5% smallrocks (( 2 in), Owl, +, Com. Flicker, +, Bewlck's Wren, +, Bendlre's 0 5% large rocks(> 2 in), and 6% woodyplant stems.The Thrasher, +. Total: 8 species;6.5 territorial males canopycover of 13% wascomposed of 57.5% Burrobush (72/km 2, 29/100 acres).Visitors: Mourning Dove,Cactus (Ambrosiadumosa), 23% CheesebushOrlymenoclea sal- Wren. Remarks: No nestsor youngwere found. This cen- sola), 6% California Buckwheat(Eriogonum fascicula- suswas sponsored by the Bureau of Land Management, turn), 5% dead shrubs, 2% Joshua trees, and 2% each of California Desert Plan Program.-- STEVEN W. CAR- DesertTrumpet (Eriogonuminflatum), SpinyHop Sage DIFF, 2736 Court St., Rialto, Calif. 92376. (Grayia spinosa),Silver Cholla (Opuntia echinocarpa), BeavertailCactus (O. basilaris),Goldenhead (Acampto- pappus sphaerocephalus),Nevada Joint Fir (Ephedra 136. MESQUITE-SALTBUSH. -- Location: Cahfor- nevadensis),and Desert Needle Grass (Stipa speciosa). nia; San Bernardino Co., Alton Canyon, 15 mi N, 17 ml The area has a long historyof livestockgrazing, which E of Newberry, SE and SWI/4 of Sec. 18, TllN, R6E, undoubtedlyhas affectedthe compositionof the under- CaveMountain Quadrangle, USGS; 35ø02'N,116ø23'W story On the S edgeand lowerslopes, the understoryof Continuity:New. Size: 20.28 ha = 50.1 acres(paced) small shrubshas been removedby trampling and cow Descriptionof Plot: A communitytypical of the drier trails Edge: Bounded on E by Willows, on N and S by areasadjacent to the Mojave River; mesquiteand large desertscrub and on W by a rather steephill sparsely saltbushesare intermixed with small grassymeadows coveredwith pine. Topography:South-facing slope, cut and tall stands of arrowweed in the windblown sand A by two shallowravines. Substrate of decomposinggranite 22-unit Bureauof Land Managementcampground occu- rock is overlain with a thin layer of sand; numerous piesthe SW corner.West of the campground,the vegeta- boulderslie alongS boundary.Weather: Temperatures tion consistsprimarily of mesquiteand saltbushcom- 45-94øF.Light rain fell on April 30 and May 1, heavyrain munitieswith small, grassymeadows. Four 100-pace on May 8 and 9. Some precipitationoccurred on toe-point transectswere made to determinevegetative severalother days in May. Coverage:May 2, 5, 11, 14, compositionand percentcover. The substrataconsisted 21-22, 24, 28; between 0430 and 0900, PST. Total man- of 44.1% litter, 41.4% bare ground,7.9% woodyplant hours 16. Census:Black-throated Sparrow, 7 (59, 24); stems,5.2% small rocks(< 2 in.), and 1.4% large rocks(> HouseFinch, 6 (50. 20); Costa'sHummingbird, 2; Rock 2 in.). Small and large shrubs and grassesformed a Wren, 2; Ladder-backedWoodpecker, 1; Ash-throated canopycover and groundcover of 45%; the larger mes- Flycatcher,1; Cactus Wren, 1; LoggerheadShrike, 1; quitesand willowsstood 12 to 15 ft high.Composition of ScotCsOriole, 1. Total: 9 species;22 territorial males perennialplants included 41.7% Allscale(Atriplex poly- (185/km 2, 75/100 acres). Visitors (numbers indicate the carpa), 26.8% lnkweed (Suaedatorreyana vat. ramosts- total number observed):House Finch, 25; Black-headed sima, S. fruitcosa), 18.6% Honey and ScrewbeanMes- Grosbeak,19; Wilson'sWarbler, 9; MourningDove, 10; quites (Prosopisglandulosa var. torreyana,P. pube- Emptdonaxsp., 10; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 9; Scott's scens),5.1% Salt Grass (Distichlisspicata), 3.1% Yerba Oriole, 9; LoggerheadShrike, 4; Lazuli Bunting, 4; Mansa (Anemopsiscalifornica), 2.7% deadshrubs, 1 4% LesserGoldfinch, 2; Prairie Falcon, 1; Roadrunner, 1; Torrey Thornbush(Lycium torreyi), and lesseramounts Townsend'sWarbler, 1. Remarks:Most of the breeding of Alkali Goldenbush(Haplopappus acradenius), Quaff birdswere concentrated in the portionsof the plot where Brush(A triplex lentiformis), and Four-wingSaltbush (A JoshuaTrees occurredand utilized them as singing canescerts).Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata), Catelaw perches.This may accountfor the greaternumber of (Acaciagreggii), and Willow (Salix gooddingii) were pres- breedingspecies as opposedto the nearbyCheesebush- ent but were not in transects. Common annuals were Chi- Goldenbush Plot (See Census No. 125), which lacked nese Pusley (Heliotropium curassavicum ocularurn), Joshua Trees. Rock Wrens were restricted to areas that SpanishNeedles (Palafoxia linearis), Oligomeris linifoha, containedboulders or rock outcroppings.The shrikes, Cleomella obtusifolia, and Langloisia setosissima.The CactusWrens and orioleshad territoriesthat werelarger campgroundcontains several large Mesquitetrees, man• than the study area, and rangedwell outsidethe plot. of whichare adjacentto the campingunits and havebeen This study was sponsoredby the Bureau of Land Man- partiallydestroyed or choppeddown by campersseeking agement,California Desert Plan Program;they also pro- firewood. East of and adjacent to the campground, vlded the vegetationdata. -- CHARLES DOCK, 1164 Arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) forms a dense thicket in W AdamsBlvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90007. windblownsand. Edge: The W edge is a rocky slope leadingto a mesa200 ft higher;the N edgeis a sheercliff 135. JOSHUA TREE WOODLAND II. -- Location: leadingto thissame mesa; in the E, the plot gradesinto a California; San Bernardino Co., 2 mi N and 0.7 m W of stand of Tamarix (CensusNo. 148), and the S edge is a Clma The SW corner is at the BLM BearingTree for dirt road, beyondwhich lies more mesquite.Topog- Sec 29, 22 yards E of Cima Rd., SW 1/4Sec. 29, T14N, raphy: Nearlyflat, with two small hills 15 ft highin the E R14E, Mescal Range Quadrangle, USGS; 35ø16'N, part. Elevation:1400 ft. Water: The nearestwater, about 115ø30'W.Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = 22.24 acres 100yards N, is a largemarsh with about20 acresof open (square,300 x 300 m, paced, on a magneticN compass water. Coverage:April 11, 16, 21, 28; May 2, 5, 9, 16, grid) Description of Plot: SeeAB 30:1060-1061 (1976). 0500-0800,PST. Total party-hours:24. Census:Verd•n, Weather: A seriesof late cold fronts dropped tem- 5 (25, 10); Phainopepla,3 (15, 5); Mourning Dove, 2, peraturesto abnormallylow levels.Temperatures during Gambel'sQuail, 1; Mockingbird, l; Lucy'sWarbler, 1 censuses,55ø-75øF. Skies were clear on the majority of Total: 6 species;13 territorial males (64/km 2, 26/100 censusdays. No precipitationrecorded. Coverage: April acres). Remarks: Habitat for birds and for other 17, 22; May 4, 12, 20; June 2, 4, 10; 0500-0800, PST. vertebratesis deteriorating.Trees are gradually being Total man-hours:24. Census:Black-throated Sparrow, removedand shrubs,grasses, and annuals destroyedby 45 (50,20); Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 1; Ash- such human-ralated activities as off-road vehicle use throated Flycatcher, 1; Am Kestrel, +; Great Horned (unauthorized).littering, and developmentof campsites
Volume32, Number1 101 outside designatedcamp units. Several dozen homes 138. MOHAVE YUCCA-STAGHORN CHOLLA staked in the meadowon one weekendtrampled the DESERT SCRUB. -- Loeatlon: California; San Bernar- grassesseverely. Shooting is common.Nest found: Lucy's dino Co., SW edgeof Lanfair Valley, 4.5 mi S and 1 ml E Warbler, 1 (parasitizedby a Brown-headedCowbird and of intersection of Ivanpah and Cedar Canyon Rds, abandoned). -- MICHAEL WEINSTEIN, and K. H. roughlyparallel to Ivanpah Rd. (the SW corneris about BERR Y, Bureauof Land Management, 1695Spruce St., 270 yards NW of where Ivanpah Rd. crossesFenner Rtverside,Calif. 92507. Wash); NEI/4 Sec.5, TllN, R17E, Lanfair Valley Quad- rangle, USGS; 35ø04'N, 115ø10'W.Continuity: New 137. MESQUITE WOODLAND. -- Location: Cal- Size:20/km 2 ha = 49.42 acres(rectangular, 400 x 500 m, lforma, Imperial Co., approximately14.5 mi E of Calex- paced,the lengthrunning N-S on a magneticN compass lco on StateHwy. 98 a powerlinecrosses the highway;the grid).Description of Plot: A uniquehabitat type of very SE corner is about 45 yards W and 22 yards N of the limited distribution on the Mohave Desert of California, highway;the entire S border parallelsthe highway;in few areas have taller or denser stands of Mohave Yucca Sec 31, T16S, R17E of the CalexicoQuadrangle, USGS; and StaghornCholla. One 264-pacetoo-point transect 32ø44'N,115ø15'W. Continuity: New. Size: 20 ha = 49.42 was made to determine percent coverand speciescom- acres(rectangular, 400 x 500 m, paced).Deserlption of position.The substratumwas composed of 11.7%small Plot: An old mesquitewoods, with treesaveraging 20-25 rocks (< 2 in), 3.8% large rocks (> 2 in), 58.3% bare ft in height, intermixed with Tamarisk and Creosote- ground,13.3% dead plant litter, and 12.9%shrub stems bush,the substrateis fine sandand is almostcompletely and plant cover.Plant compositionwas 27.3% Califorma devoidof other plants. Five 100 too-pointtransects were Buckwheat (Eriogonumfasciculatum), 16% Cooper conductedto determinepercent plant coverand species Goldenbush (Haplopappuscooperi), 9% Little-leaved composition.The substratumwas composed of 62.4% lit- Ratany (Krameria parvifolia), 8.3% Staghorn Cholla ter, 29.4% bare ground, and 8.2% shrub stems or tree (Opuntia acanthocarpa), 8% Cottonthorn (Tetradymta trunks.The canopycover of 65% wascomposed of 60.7% axillaris), 7.2% Paperbag Bush (Salazariamextcana), Honey Mesquite (Prosopisglandulosa var. torreyana), 7.2% Mohave Yucca (Yuccaschidigera), 5.7% Darning 32 1% Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), and 7.2% Creosotebush Needle Cholla (O. ramosissima), 3.4% Cheesebush (Larrea tridentata); no other shrubswere found. A dirt (Hymenocleasalsola ), and 2.3% Catclaw(Acacia greggu ) tract alongthe W borderis occasionallyused by vehicles, Other shrubspresent in lesseramounts were: Burrobush and some littering occurs along the W and S edge. (Ambrosia dumosa), Creosotebush(Larrea tridentata), Approximately200 ft • of woodsat the SW cornerwere Purple Sage(Salvia dorrii), and StrawberryHedgehog burned during the survey period. Edge: Bounded by Cactus(Echinocereus engelmannii). A long historyof similar habitat to the W, but to the N and E gradesinto livestockgrazing has affectedpercent cover and plant creosotebush desert; a highway borders the S edge, composition.Edge: A lightlytraveled dirt roadand small beyondwhich lies the All AmericanCanal and an adja- powerlineparallel the studyarea 110 yardsW. A large cent narrow belt of marsh vegetation. Topography: Acacia-DesertWillow washruns NW-SE about 20 yards Essentiallyflat, with a few scattered mesquite-covered from the SW corner.A smallerwash passes N-S through sanddunes up to 35 ft in heightin the NW corner.Eleva- the E half and an old narrow gaugerailroad bed runs tion: 50 ft. Water: The nearestpermanent water is in the roughlyN-S through the middle. Similar habitat sur- All American Canal, approximately0.25 mi S of the S roundsthe plot for shortdistances to the S and W and border.Coverage: March 22-23; April 8-9; May 1, 13, 20; for longerdistances to the N and E. Topography:Flat June 1; 0515-1030,and one late afternoontrip. In addi- and slightlysloping upwards to the N. Severalsmall to tion, the area wasvisited after dark on 3 occasions.Total moderatelylarge washesshow 10-15 ft of verticalrelief party-hours:31. Census:Mourning Dove, 40 (200, 81); belowthe generalsurface level; elevation3630-3680 ft White-wingedDove, 20 (100, 40); Verdin, 12 (60, 24); The HackberryMountains and VontriggerHills lie about Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, 2.5; Gambel's Quail, 2; 0.5 mi SW and SE, respectively,and the BobcatHills lie Cnssal Thrasher, 2; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 1.5; 0.5 mi N. Water: The nearest surface water is at a stock Abert's Towhee, 1.5; Ladder-backedWoodpecker, 0.5; wateringtrough 540 yardsS of the plot.Weather: Clear Cactus Wren, 0.5. Total: 10 species;82.5 territorial during most censuses.Temperatures, 50-75øF, averaged males (412/km2, 167/100 acres).Remarks: Large num- colderthan usual. Significantprecipitation fell during bers of blackbirds and swallows, and occasional shore- the secondweek of May. Coverage:April 24; May 3, 11, birds passedover in nearby agricultural fields. Brown- 14, 18, 25; June 3, 8; from 0500-0800, PST. Total man- headed Cowbirdsmay have nested, as up to 10 birds hours: 24. Census:Cactus Wren, 2.5; Gambel's Quail, 2, were regularly present;however, it is not obviouswhat Black-throated Sparrow, 1.5; Roadrunner, 1; Costa's speciesmight be suitablehosts. The areais an important Hummingbird,1; Ladder-backedWoodpecker, 1, Ash- nestingground for Mourning and White-wingedDoves, throated Flycatcher, 1; Bendire'sThrasher, 1; Scott's as there is no similar woodedhabitat nearby. Mourning Oriole, 1; Am. Kestrel, +; Mourning Dove, +; Say's Doveswere presentin large numbersthrough the entire Phoebe, +; Verdin, +; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, +, period, but becauseof their erratic behavior and the HouseFinch, +. Total: 15 species;12 territorial males impenetrablenature of the mesquitewoods, it was not (60/km 2, 24/100 acres). Remarks: No nests were found possibleto obtain accuratecensus data; the actual den- and no juvenile birds were observedexcept for one sity may be higher than indicated.White-winged Doves juvenile Am. Kestrel. It is possiblethat the unusually first appearedon the plot on May 20, when they were cold weather may have delayednesting activity. Cattle courtingactively; a nestwas found on June1. This study wereseen on the plot on May 14, 18, and 25. This study wassponsored by the Bureauof Land Management,Cal- wassponsored by the Bureauof LandManagement, Cal- ifornia DesertPlan Program.--JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., ifornia Desert Plan Program. --STEVEN W. CAR- Hubbs-Sea World Research Inst., 1700 South Shores DIFF, 2736 Court St., Rialto, Calif. 92376. Rd, San Diego, Calif 92109
102 AmericanBlrds,danuary 1978 139. OCOTILLO-CREOSOTEBUSH SCRUB. -- Desert. The plot hes immediatelyadjacent and parallel Location: California; Imperial Co., Ocotillo; on the N to a willow-riparian area (CensusNo. 97) where the sideof State Hwy. S-2, 4.2 mi NW of its intersectionwith streambedand flood plain are relativelyflat. The plot •s U S Hwy. 18. The SE corneris 0.S mi W of a pavedroad 30 to 90 ft wide and 1.4 mi long. Censuseswere made by leadingN from S-2 to an activegravel pit, and 22 yardsN followinga cattletrail whichparallels the stream.On the of the highway;the S boundaryparallels the highway; E boundary,the trail extendsfor 500 ft on the N s•deof entirely enclosedin Sec. 20, T16S, R9E of the Carrizo the stream,then crossesto the S side for .7 mi, finally Mtns Quadrangle,USGS; 32ø46'N,116ø03'W. Continu- crossingN again.Two 450-pacetow-point transects were ity: New. Size: 20 ha = 49.42 acres(rectangular, 400 x made to determine compositionof substratum and 500 m, paced). Description of Plot: An Ocotillo- perennialvegetation and percentcover. The substratum Creosotebushdesert scrub area typical of the Anza- was composedof 47*/operennial shrub stems,27.5% ht- BorregoDesert. Five 100-pacetoe-point transects were ter,23.4% small rocks (< • in.),and 2.1% large rocks (> conductedto determinepercent cover and speciescom- 2 in.). The canopycover of 50.9%was composed of 52 2% position.The substratumconsisted of 50.6% bare sandy Rabbitbrush(Chrysothamnus nauseosus), 22.7% Rabb•t- ground, 30.8% litter, 2.6% small rocks (< 2 in), 1.4% brush with CaliforniaGrape (Vitis girdiana), 13.9%Cal- large rocks (> 2 in), and 14.6% perennialshrubs. The ifornia Grape, 4.8% Sagebrush(Artemisia ludowcmna canopycover of 14.6% was composedof 46% Ocotillo ssp.albula), 3.4% mixed Rabbitbrushand Sagebrush, (Fouquieriasplendens), 39% Creosotebush(Larrea tri- and lesseramounts of Paper-bag Bush (Salazaria mext- dentata) and 16% Burrobush (Ambrosia dumosa). Shrub cana),Squaw Waterweed (Baccharis sergiloides), Desert compositionis 36.6% Burrobush, 17.6% Brittlebush Alyssum(Lepidium fremontii), Cheesebush (Hymenoclea (Enceliafarinosa), 14.4% Creosotebush,10.2% Ocotillo, salsola),Anderson Thornbush (Lycium andersonii),and 6 0% Coldeniasp., 5% Krameria grayi, and 4.8% Rose- Sticky-leavedRabbitbrush (C. viscidifiorus).The com- mallow (Hibiscusdenudatus). Species comprising less position was 50.4% Rabbitbrush, 16.4% Califorma than 2% eachof the shrubcover include: Hilaria riglda, Grape, 7.4% Sagebrush,5.4% Cheesebush,3.5% Desert Ermgonum trichopes, Opuntia echinocarpa,Brickellia Alyssum,3.1% Linear-leavedGoldenbush (Haplopappus arguta, Dalea spinosa, and Ferocactus acanthodes. A lineartfolius), 2.2% Sticky-leaved Rabbitbrush, and narrowtrack parallelingthe S boundaryis occasionally lesseramounts of such speciesas Four-wing Saltbush usedby off-roadvehicles. Topography: Slightly sloping. (Atriplex canescens),California Buckwheat(Eriogonum The nearestmountain slopesare 2.5 mi to the NE in the fasciculatum), Paper-bag Bush, Desert Trumpet (E CoyoteMtns. Elevation: 720-760 ft. Water: The nearest infiatum), Great Basin Blue Sage(Salvia dorii), Adorns water is at Dos Cabezascampground, approximately 5 Lupine (Lupinusexcubitus), Wild Peach(Prunus ander- m• SW. Edge: Boundedby similarhabitat, exceptfor the sonii), and Acton Encelia (Encelia virginends var highwayparalleling the S edge.Coverage: March 22, 25; actoni). The streamsidearea, used heavilyby livestock Aprd 2, 6, 20, 30; May 4, 12, 27; June 1; Total: 11 trips for decades, has numerous cattle trails. Cattle have 0600-1000;2 in afternoon,1 at sunset.Total party-hours: undoubtedlyhad an impact: perennialbunch grasses are 22 Censns: Costa's Hummingbird, 1; Loggerhead representedonly as a trace with Desert Needle Grass Shrike, 1; Cactus Wren, 0.5; Black-throatedSparrow, (Sa•a speciosa).There is also a little Salt Grass (Dts- 0 5 Total: 4 species;3 territorial males(15/km 2, 6/100 tichlis spicata). Several other speciesof grass should acres) Visitors: (total number recorded on 11 censuses): occurhere. Many of the shrubsare typical of disturbed Brewer'sSparrow, 70; Lark Bunting, 19; House Finch, areas: Rabbitbrush, Desert Alyssum, Linear-leaved 18, Yellow Warbler, 4; MourningDove, 3; HornedLark, Goldenbush,Cheesebush, and Paper-bagBush. Topog- 3, Townsend's Warbler, 3; Wilson's Warbler, 3; N. raphy: Relativelyflat, graduallygaining elevation from E Oriole, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Corn. Raven, 2; W. Tan- to W. Elevation: Rangesfrom 3200 ft in the E to 3760 ft ager, 2; White-crowned Sparrow, 2; Prairie Falcon, 1; in the W. Weather: Temperatures45-94øF. Light rain Gambel'sQuail, 1; RufousHummingbird, 1; Western fell on April 30 and May 1, heavyrain on May 8 and 9 Flycatcher, 1; Barn Swallow, 1; Swainson'sThrush, 1; Some precipitationoccurred on severalother days in Orange-crowned Warbler, 1; Hermit Warbler, 1; May. Coverage:April 16-17, 23; May 12, 19-20, 23, 26, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak, 1; 0430-0830, PST. Total man-hours: 32. Certsre: There Lark Sparrow, 1. Although only a few birds were res- were no breedingbirds. Visitors: (numberindicates the •dent,the area seemspotentially important as a stopping total number observed):Mourning Dove, 99; White- place for migratingfinches, particularly Brewer's Spar- crownedSparrow, 36; California Quail, 34; Empidonax row This surveywas sponsoredby the Bureau of Land sp., 10; Brown Towhee, 9; Costa's Hummingbird, 8, Management, Californai Desert Plan Program. -- House Finch, 6; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 4; Ash- JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., Hubbs-Sea Worm Research throatedFlycatcher, 3; Scrub Jay, 3; Wilson'sWarbler, Inst, 1700South Shores Rd., SanDiego, Calif. 92109. 3; Poor-will, 1; Barn Swallow,1; LoggerheadShrike, 1, 140. RABBITBRUSH. -- Location: California; Inyo W. Tanager, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak, 1; LesserGold- and Kern Cos., Sand Canyon,in the S extensionof the finch, 1; Black-throatedSparrow, 1. Remarks: Cahfor- Sierra Nevada Mtns., 12 mi N on State Hwy. 14 from nia Quail were possiblybreeding on the plot; all other •ntersectionof StateHwys. 178and 14, then 3.5 mi W on speciesappeared to be usingthe plot purelyfor foraging Brown Rd.; from centerof Sec. 7, T2SS, R38E, up the or cover.The speciescomposition of this studyis dom- canyonfollowing the main streamapproximately 1.4 mi; inatedby ground-foragingseed-eating birds. Seeds from Little Lake Quadrangle, 1954, USGS; 35ø47'N, 117ø Rabbitbrushand/or associatedplants within this vegeta- 56'W Continuity: New. Size: 6 ha = 14.8 acres.Descrip- tion type may be a significantfood sourcefor wintering tion of Plot: Canyonbottom with constantstream. Can- and migratingspecies. Several species listed nest in the yon beginson the E face of the Sierra Nevada (desert adjacentwillows, and someindividuals may have been face)and has an E-W direction,opening into the Mojave countedfor both plots. Estimatesfor somespecies 0e
Volume 32, Number 1 103 CahformaQuail and White-crownedSparrows) may be percent cover and speciescomposition. The substratum low becauseof their secretivehabits or their tendencyto wascomposed of 63.2% smallrocks (< 5 cm), 18.8%bare flock. This studywas sponsored by the Bureau of Land ground,7.8% large rocks (> 5 cm), 7.2%plant litter, and Management,California Desert Plan Program; they also 3% shrub stems.The shrub canopycover of 24.8% was providedthe vegetationdata. -- CHARLES DOCK, composedof 82.2% Big Sagebrush(Artemisia trtden- 1164 W. AdamsBlvd., Los Angeles, Calif 90007. tata), 5% Nevada Joint Fir (Ephedra nevadenms),4% SpinyHop-Sage (Grayia spinosa), 3.2% Bud Sagebrush 141. SAGEBRUSH SCRUB I. -- Location: Califor- (A. spinescens),2.4% Blackbrush(Coleogyne ramosts- ma, Inyo Co., WaucobaWash, 1 mi E of Waucoba Can- sima), 1.6% AndersonThornbush (Lycium andersonu), yon, 31.2 mi SE of Big Pine; alongSaline Valley Rd.; 1.6%Black Sagebrush(A. nova).Shrub composition was Sec 8, TllS, R37E, Waucoba Spring Quadrangle, 77%Big Sagebrush,6% Bud Sagebrush,4% BlackSage- USGS; 37ø00'N,117ø5TW. Continuity: New. Size: 21 ha brush (A. nova), 3% Mountain Joint Fir (Ephedravm- = 51.9 acres(rectangular, 350 m E-W x 600 m N-S). dis), 3% Nevada Joint Fir, 3% Spiny Hop-Sage,2% Descriptionof Plot: A typical sagebrushcommunity of Cotton-thorn (Tetradymia spinosa), 1% Anderson the N Mojave Desert. Five 100-pacetoe-point transects Thornbush(Lycium andersonii) and 1% Four-wingSalt- wereconducted to determinepercent cover and species bush(Atriplex canescens). Other perennialspecies occur- composition.The substratumwas composedof 47.2% ring but not recordedin transectswere: Linear-leaved bareground, 29.8% small rocks (< '5 cm),13.6% large Goldenbush (I-Iaplopappus linearifolius), Shadscale rocks(> 5 cm), 8.8% plant litter, and 0.6% shrubstems. (Atriplex conferitfolia),Antelope Bush (Purshia glandu- The shrub canopycover of 13.2% was composedof 71% losa),Terete-leaved Rubberbrush (Chrysothamnus terett- Big Sagebrush(Artemisia tddentata), 8% Cotton-thorn folius) and Mojave Desert Mallow (Sphaeralceapulch- (Tetradymiaspinosa), 6% Spiny Hop-Sage(Grayia spi- ella). Topography: Slightly sloping alluvial plain with nosa),4.5% Black Sagebrush(,4. nova), 4.5% Nevada severalshallow washescrossing in W to E direction, Joint Fir (Ephedra nevadensis),1.5% Winter Fat (Eurotia elevation6000-6200 ft. Edge: Similar habitat on all sides lanata), 1.5% Bud Sagebrush(,4. spinescens),1.5% Coverage:April 12, 19, 26, 29; May 4, 11, 18, 25, 0600- Anderson Thornbush (Lycium andersonii) and 1.5% 0900. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Black-throated Blackbrush(Coleogyne ramosissima), Shrub composition Sparrow,4 (19, 8); LoggerheadShrike, 2; Chukar, 1, is 71.6% Big Sagebrush,9% Nevada Joint Fir, 6.4% Rock Wren, 1 Say'sPhoebe, +. Total: 5 species,8 ter- Cotton-thorn,5.6% Black Sagebrush(A. nova), 2.2% ritorial males (38/km 2, 15/100 acres). Visitors: Mourn- Spiny Hop-Sage,2.2% Bud Sagebrush,1.6% Winter Fat ing Dove, 4; Am. Kestrel, 1. Remarks: Nests found and 1.4% Blackbrush.Other perennialspecies occurring Chukar, 1; LoggerheadShrike, 1; Rock Wren, 1; Black- but not recorded in transect were: Linear-leaved Golden- throated Sparrow,1. This plot was a controlplot for bush(Haplopappus linearifolius), Terete-leaved Rubber- CensusNo. 141, to study the effects of feral burros on brush (Chrysothamnusteretifolius), Shadscale (Atriplex breedingbird populations.There wasno signof grazing confettirolla),and AntelopeBush OVurshiaglandulosa). by any ungulates.A special thanks to Bureau of Land This area is heavilygrazed by feral burros.Topography: Managementstaff for their assistanceand suggestions Slopesgently W to E; one wash (Waucoba Wash) cuts The studywas supportedby the BLM, California Desert through in a N-S direction. Elevation: 5800-6000 ft. Plan Program. -- ROBERT L. MC KERNAN, 2620 N Water: The nearest permanent water is at Waucoba 40th St., Phoenix, Ariz. 85008. Spring, 0.5 mi W of the plot. Edge: Surroundedby similar habitat. Coverage:April 14, 18, 21, 25; May 3, 10, 17, 24; 0600-0900. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Censuses 143 and 144 have been withdrawn from Black-throatedSparrow, 2; Rock Wren, 1; Loggerhead publication. Shrike, 1. Total: 3 species;4 territorial males (19/km2, 8/100 acres). Visitors: White-crowned Sparrow, 4; Mourning Dove, 3. Remarks: This is one of a pair of plots(see Census No. 142for control)established to study 145. SALTBUSH DESERT. -- Location: California, the effectsof feral burroson vertebrates.A group of 15- San Bernardino Co.; CuddebackLake. The E border of 18 burrosused this plot continuously,scarring the sub- the plot is 333 yardsinto the saltbushfrom the edgeof stratum by dust bathing and wallowing.The vegetation the dry lake; 0.5 mi S of Twenty Mule Team Parkway washeavily grazed, and there was essentiallyno annual and 8.5 mi E of U.S. Hwy 395; in the SW % of Sec 23, plant cover,only stubs or exposedroots. The controlplot T30S, R42E, the NW •¬ of Sec. 33, the NE % Sec.32, and showedtwice the number of territorial males. Special the SE % Sec. 29, T30S, R43E, of Cuddeback Lake thanks to Bureau of Land Management staff for their Quadrangle, USGS; 35ølTN, 117ø29'W.Continuity: assistanceand suggestions.The studywas supportedby New. Size: 36.0 ha = 88.96 acres(square, 600 x 600 m, the BLM, California Desert Plan Program. -- ROBERT paced).Description of Plot: Lowprofile, diverse saltbush L MC KERNAN, 2620 N. 40th St., Phoenix, Ar&. communityat the edgeof a dry lake. Five 100 toe-point 85008. transectswere conducted to determinepercent cover and speciescomposition. The substratumwas composedof 142. SAGEBRUSH SCRUB II. -- Location: Califor- 63.2% bare ground, 1% plant litter, 2.8% smallrocks (< nia, Inyo Co., 1 mi N of Marble Canyon, 21.1 mi SE of 5 cm), and 3% woody plant stems.The shrub canopy Big Pine; along SalineValley Rd; Sec. 12, TIOS, R36E, coverof 11.2% was composedof 66.2% Parry Saltbush WaucobaSpring Quadrangle, USGS; 37ø5'N,118ø00'W. (Atriplexparryi), 12% Shadscale(Atriplex conferttfoha), Continuity:New. Size: 21 ha = 51.9 acres(rectangular, 8.2% Burroweed (Ambrosia dumosa), 3.2% Anderson 350 m E-W by 600 m N-S). Descriptionof Plot: A typical Thornbush (Lycium andersonii), 2.8% Bald-leaved Felt- Sagebrushcommunity of the N Mojave Desert. Five 100- thorn (Tetradymia glabrata), 2.8% Bud Sagebrush pace toe-point transectswere conductedto determine (Artemisiaspinescens), 2 2% Spiny Hop Sage (Grayta
104 AmericanBirds, January 1978 sptnosa),1.2% Prince'sPlume (Stanleyaptnnata), 0.8% tlon, althoughto the NE the vegetationgrades into the Winterfat (Eurotia lanata), and 0.6% Goldenhead sparsevegetation of the barren desert slopes;on the (Acamptopappussphaerocephalus). Annual species higherridge to the SW the chaparralis denserand there recorded in transects were Storksbill (Erodium circutar- are occasionalpinyons and junipers. Topography:The turn), Yellow-throats(phacelia fremontii), Chaenactis valley floor is composedof gentlyundulating hills and carphoclinia,C. fremontii, Nama demissum,Desert Cal- occasionalboulder outcrops, and is traversedby several ico (œangloisiamatthewsii), Sand Mat (Euphorbiapoly- arroyos.The NE (desert)side of the valleyis borderedby carpa),Eriastrum pluriflorum, camissoniaboothii, gold- a steepand sparselyvegetated rock ridge; the SW side fields(Lasthenia ch•vsostoma), Schismus sp. and 3 spe- risesto 4000 ft and is well vegetated.Elevation: 3600- ciesof Eriogonum.Edge: Boundedon all sidesby similar 3700 ft. Water: The nearestpermanent water is appar- habitat.Cuddeback Dry Lake beg/ns333 yardsfrom the entlyin the In-Ko-PahCounty Park, approximately2 ml E border. Topography:Slightly sloping(aspect NW); to the NW. Coverage:April 3, 5-6, 27; May 2, 5, 17, 31, nearest mountain slopesAlmond Mountain 5.8 mi N. June6; 0545-1130and 1600-2130.Total party-hours30 Elevation: 2560 ft. Weather: Skies clear on 4 days, Census:Black throated Sparrow, 4 (20, 8); Ash-throated cloudyon 2; light rains on April 12, heavyrains on April Flycatcher, 2.5; Cactus Wren, 2.5; California Quail, 2, 24 Light windson 6 days,over 15 mph on 2 days.Cover- Rock Wren, 2; California Thrasher, 2; Scott's Oriole, age: April 27; May 5, 11-12, 16, 19, 24-25; 0616-0915, 1.5; Costa'sHummingbird, 1; ScrubJay, 1; Loggerhead and 1930-2035, PDST. Total: 20.4 man-hours. Census: Shrike, 1; Ladder-backedWoodpecker, 0.5; Bewick's SageSparrow, 17 (47, 19); Horned Lark, 6 (17, 7). Total: Wren, 0.5; Black-tailedGnatcatcher, 0.5; Great Horned 2 species;23 territorialmales (64/kin 2, 26/100 acres.Vis- Owl, +; Com. Raven, +; House Finch, +. Total: 16 itors (total number recorded on 10 censuses):Barn Swal- species;21 territorial males (105/km2, 42/100 acres) low, 11; Black-headedGrosbeak, 2; Mourning Dove, 2; This survey was sponsoredby the Bureau of Land Wfison'sWarbler, 1; Brewer'sSparrow, 1. This study Management, California Desert Plan Program. -- wassponsored by the Bureauof Land Management,Cal- JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., Hubbs-Xea World Research lforma Desert Plan Program. -- ROSS E. LANDRY, Institute, 1700 South Shores Rd., San Diego, Cahf 6822 WestminsterAve. #43, Westminster,Calif 92683. 92109.
146. SCRUB OAK-DESERT CHAPARRAL. -- 147. TAMARISK-DESERT RIPARIAN. -- Loca- Location: California; Imperial Co., Smuggler'sCave; tion: California; San BernardinoCo., Mojave River in approximately222 yardsSW of the turnoff to In-Ko-Pah Afton Canyon;from 17 to 17.4 mi E and 14.6 mi N of Co (San Diego)Park, on U.S. Hwy. 8, a windingdirt Newberryand from the Union Pacificrailroad trackson road leadsSE, climbingabout 500 ft beforedecending the N to the canyonwalls on the S, SE•A Sec. 13, TllN, into a shelteredvalley (Smuggler's Cave) approximately RSE, to SWtA Sec. 18, TllN, R6E, Cave Mtn. Quad- 1 25 ml fromthe highway.The valleytrends NW-SE, and rangle, USGS; 35ø02'N, 116ø24'W.Continuity: New the NW bordertraverses the NW end of the valleyfloor. Size: 35 ha = 86.4 acres.Description of Plot: A desert The long axisfollows the centerof the valley;in Sec.5, marshcommunity surrounded by Tamarisk,Mesquites, T18S, R9E, Jacumba Quadrangle, USGS, 32ø38'N, Catelawand Saltbush in the streambedand floodplainof 116ø05'W.Continuity: New. Size: 20 ha = 49.42 acres the Mojave River. The vegetativecommunity is a com- (rectangular,400 x 500 m, paced).Description of Plot: plex mixture of four habitat types: marsh with open An ecotonalsituation lying betweenthe Anza-Borrego water, standsof rushesand cattails; a densewoodland of Desertand a narrowstrip of Pinyon-JuniperWoodland. Tamarisktrees; and mixedMesquite and Saltbushwith Five 100toe-point transcots were conducted to determine hummocksof windblownsand. Approximately 20 acres percentcover and speciescomposition. The substratum of openwater occuron the NE corner.Marsh vegetation wascomposed of 48% litter, 21.4% bare ground,5.4% in and surroundingthe openwater is composedof Cattail smallrocks (< •2in), 13.2%rocks (> 2 in). Therewas a (Typhaangustifolia), Three-square (Scirpus americanus), canopycover of 11.8%, composedof 51.9% Scrub Oak Hard-stem Bulrush (S. acutus), Basket Rush (Juncustex- (Quercusturbinella), 19.2% Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata), tilis), Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata), Bermuda Grass 17 3% DesertApricot (Prunus fremontii), 7.7% Catelaw (Cynodondactylon), Rabbitfoot Grass(Polypogon mon- (Acaciagreggii), 1.9% Mohave Yucca (Yucca schidigera), speliensis), Com. Reed (Phragmites australis), and and 1 9% Hollyleaf Coffeeberry(Rhamnus ilicifolia). Arrowweed (Pluchea sericea). To the immediate S and Shrub compositionwas 18.8% California Buckwheat partiallywithin the standingwater is a large, denseand (Ertogonumfasciculatum), 12% ScrubOak, 10% Desert almost impenetrable stand of Tamarisk (Tamartx Apricot, 7% Deerweed (Lotus scoparius),7% Acton aphylla)averaging 20 ft in height,with scatteredLinear- Enceha(Encelia virginensis), 6.9% Desert NeedleGrass leaved Cambess (Oligomeris linifolia) in the mud (Sapa speciosa), 6.6% Matchweed (Gutierrezia micro- beneaththe trees.Scattered Willow (Salixgooddingtt), cephala),4.6% SugarBush, 4.0% Chamise(Adenostoma Cottonwood(Populus fremontii) and DesertWillow (Cht- fasctculatum),3.4% JumpingCholla (Opuntia bigelovii) lopsislinearis) make up a trace of the densevegetation 3 2% MobaveYucca (Yuccaschidigera), 2.8% Golden To the immediateW (upstream)of the openwater in the Yarrow (Eriophyllumconfertifiorum), unidentified dead NW corner are pocketsof marshvegetation in the old shrubs,and variousshrubs each comprisingless than stream bed. Vegetation here is composedprimarily of 2% One-leavedPinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Juniper Cattails, Three-square, Basket Rush, Yerba Mansa (Jumperuscalifornica) occur but werenot recordedin the (Anemopsiscalifornica), ChinesePusley (I-Ieliotroptum toe-pointtransects. The plot is traversedby a dirt road, curassavicumocularurn ), Water Parsnip(Berula erecta), used intensivelyby off-road vehicles(ORVs) on week- Mule Fat (Baccharisglutinosa), and Salt Grass. The SE ends,some ORV activityalso occurs in sandywashes in corneris on the more arid floodplainand is primarily a the W half Edge:Bounded by generallysimilar vegeta- Mesquite-Saltbushcommunity Large Honeyand Screw-
Volume32, Number1 105 beanMesquites (Prosopts glandulosa var. torreyana,P. sects(total 850 paces)were made to determinespecies pubescens),Tamarisk (severalspecies, such as T. aralen- compositionand percentcover. The substratumconsists sts), Catelaw (Acaciagreggii), Creosotebush(Larrea tri- of 41.5% bare ground, 37.2% litter, 11.4% perennial dentara),and CaliforniaJoint Fir (Ephedracalifornica) plant stems,5.2% large rocks(> 2 in), and 4.7% small dominatethe area;other perennial species include Quail rocks(< • in).The canopy cover varies considerably, w•th Brush(A triplex lentiformis), Allscale (A. polycarpa), Jim- a dense woodland of Tamarisk on the W and N to son Weed (Datura meteloides),Honey Sweet (Tidestro- relativelylow open desert scrub with scatteredlarge rata oblongifolia),Palmate-leaved Gourd (Cucurbitapal- shrubbyTamarisk in the E. The S portionis generallyof mata), and RussianThistle (Salsolasp.). This studyarea low shrubs and has a low percent cover. The canopy is a control plot for the Mesquite-Saltbush,and Desert coverof plantsranges from 63.6%to 12.3%(5 transects), Marsh plotscombined (Census No. 136, 148, and 164, average31.5% and is composedof 32.4% Arrowweed respectively,all of which havemoderate to heavyrecrea- (Plucheasericea), 30.3% Tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla, T tional use.The sizeis comparableto the 82.7 acresin the parvifolia,T. ramosissima),10.8% Salt Grass(Dtsttchlts other 3 plots.There is little humanimpact from recrea- spicata), 5.5ø70Quail Brush (Atriplex lentiformis),3 9% tion, but campersand motorcyclistsare beginningto use Honey Sweet(Tidestromia oblongifolia), 2.4% Catelaw the Mesquiteand Saltbushon the W and SW corners. (Acaciagreggii), and lesseramounts of Honeyand Screw- Topography: Essentiallya flat portion of the Mojave bean Mesquite(Prosopis glandulosa vat. torreyana,P River streambedand floodplain,slightly sloping down- pubescens),Creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), Cotton- hill from S to N. Elevation: 1400 ft. Edge: Boundedon wood (Populusdeltoides), Black-banded Rabbit Brush the N by Union Pacific railroad tracks, on the E by a (Chrysothamnuspaniculatus), Hard-stem Bulrush (Sctr- sandy,barren wash flowing out of the CadyMtns., on the pus acutus), Three-square(S. americanus),Cattail S by a steepbluff of the Cady Mtns; and on the W by an (Typhaangustifolia), Olney's Bulrush (S. olneyi),Basket all-defineddirt road running approximatelyNNW-SSE Rush (Juncustextills), Baltic Rush (J. balticus), Desert toward the bluff of the Cady Mtns. Weather: A seriesof Panicurn(Panicurn urvilleanum), Sand Dropseed(Spor- late cold fronts during May kept temperatureslower oboluscryptandrus), Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota var than normal. Skies were mostly clear or parfly cloudy glutinosa),and Rabbitfoot Grass (Polypogonmonspeh- dunngcensuses. Temperatures 40-90øF (averaged in the ensis). There is also Cleveland Tobacco OVicotiana cleve- 60's and 70's); with light to moderateW winds. Signif- landii), RussianThistle (Salsolapaulsenii), Walker Prim- mantprecipitation fell May 23-24. Coverage:April 10, rose (Camissoniawalkeri), Kidney-leaved Buckwheat 17, 24; May 1, 9, 16, 23, 28; from 0500-0900,PST. Total (Eriogonumreniforme), and SilverLake Daisy(Machaer- man-hours:32. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 9 (26, antheraarida). Edge: Boundedon the E by like habitat, 10), Am. Coot,5 (14, 6); MourningDove, 4 (11, 5); Vet- on the S by DesertMarsh (CensusNo. 164), on the N by din, 4; Brown-headedCowbird, 4; HouseFinch, 3 (9, 3); sheercliffs, and on the W by Mesquite-Saltbush(Census Gambel'sQuail, 1; Virginia Rail, 1; Corn. Gallinule, 1; No. 136). Topography:Generally flat floodplainof the Killdeer, 1; Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 1; Ash- Mojave River, with old streamcourses, 610 ft deep,run- throated Flycatcher,1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; Blue ning through the plot. Elevation: 1400 ft. Coverage: Grosbeak, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Prairie Falcon, +; April 12, 17, 22, 29;,May 3, 6, 10, 17; 0500-0800, PST Am Kestrel, +; Roadrunner,+; LesserNighthawk, +; Total party-hours:24. Census:Phainopepla, 2; Killdeer, White-throated Swift, +; Say'sPhoebe, +; Corn. Raven, 1; MourningDove, 1; Verdin, 1; Am. Kestrel,+. Total: 5 +, Rock Wren, +. Total: 23 species;37 territorial males species;5 territorial males (27/kin2, 11/100 acres) and females(106/kin •, 43/100 acres).Remarks: One nest Remarks: This plot is usedheavily by off-road vehicles each was found of Mourning Dove, Ladder-backed and for camping;both activitiesare unauthorized Veg- Woodpecker,Ash-throated Flycatcher and Vetdin. Vir- etation (both perennialand annual)is deteriorating,as glmaRail, Corn.Gallinule, Am. Cootand Red-winged areas are cleared for campsitesand trails develop Blackbirdwere seen with juveniles freshly out of the nest. throughvehicle use. -- MICHAEL WEINSTEIN, and Red-tailed Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Lesser Nighthawk, K. H. BERRY, California Desert Plan Program, Bureau White-throated Swift, Say's Phoebe,Corn. Raven and of Land Management,1695 SpruceSt., Riverside,Cahf Rock Wren nest on the nearby cliffs and hillsidesand 92507. were seenforaging on or overthe plot. Costa'sHum- mingbirdand Phainopeplaundoubtedly nest here but 149. UNDISTURBED COASTAL SAGE SCRUB. -- werethrough before the censusperiod. -- EUGENE A. Location: California; Los AngelesCo., Rancho Palos and STEVEN CARDIFF and K. H. BERRY, California Vetdes.Section of KlondikeCanyon between Dauntless Desert Plan Program, Bureau of Land Management, Dr. and PacksaddleRd.; 33ø44'25"N,118ø21'16"W, San 1695Spruce, Riverside, Calif 92507. Pedro Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 4 41 ha = 10.9acres (roughly square, 210 x 210 m, measured 148. TAMARISK-SALTBUSH. -- Location: Califor- by tape). Descriptionof Plot: Mostly a steep,densely nia, SanBernardino Co., Afton Canyon, 15 mi N, and 17 foliated,W-facing canyon. The principalvegetation and ml E of Newberry;SE*A Sec. 18, TllN, R6E, CaveMtn. its relativefrequency was: White Sage(Salvia aptana) Quadrangle,USGS; 35ø02'N, 116ø23'W.Continuity: 42%, CoastalSagebrush (Artemisia californica) 31%, New. Size: 18.5 ha = 45.7 acres(paced). Description of Lemonadeberry(Rhus integrifolia) 16%, Black Sage(S Plot: Part of the floodplainof the Mojave River; now mellifera) 907o,aprickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia httor- primarilydry groundbut containinga fewsmall washes alis) 2%. The cactuswas found mostlyon the E-facing with marsh-typevegetation and standingwater. The portionof the canyon.The bottomof the canyonalso mainchannel of the MojaveRiver lies a few 100ft S, but contained Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularts) and couldeasily reflood and rechannelthe plot. Vegetation: Bricelliacalifornica. Various other annuals,grasses and A Tamarisk-Saltbushcommunity Five toe-pointtran- shrubsalso constituted a small percentageof the flora
106 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Elevation: 380-560ft. Edge: Borderedon the N and E by was funded by Dreyer Brothers, Inc. --LARRY S s•mdar vegetation.The E border was delineatedby a THOMPSON and THOMAS D. DAHMER, Montana chmn link fence.To the W, the sagescrub gave way to Department of Natural Resourcesand Conservatton,32 cactusand fieldsof grassand Mustard (Brassicanigra). SouthEwing, Helena, Mr. 59601. The immediate S border was a burned field. Farther 150. SILVER SAGEBRUSH FLAT. -- Location: south was a residential area. Water: A stream, down the Montana; McCone Co.; SE quarter of Sec. 31, T20N, centerof the canyon,had water in it all duringthe study. R45E; 47ø25'N, 106øfW, AMS, Jordan(NL 13-1) Con- Weather: Mostly clear with two rain stormsduring this tinuity: New. Size:24 ha = 59.3 acres(rectangular, 300 x period.Temperatures ranged from 67ø to 46øF(thanks to 800 m, paced).Description of Plot: Silver Sagebrush the U.S. Coast Guard Station, Pt. Vicente for weather (Artemisiacana) flat followingan ephemeraltributary of data). Coverage:April 5, 8, 19, 28; May 19-20, 22-23; NelsonCreek, bordered on eitherside by grasslandThe 0600-0935. Total man-hours: 26. Census: California longer axis of the plot followsthe tributary, and the Quail, 4 (91, 37); Rufous-sidedTowbee, 4; Brown Tow- sagebrushflat coversthe central 100-200m along th•s bee, 4; Anna's Hummingbird, 3 (68, 28); Allen's Hum- axis. Grasslandaccounts for approximately60% of the m•ngbird,3; WesternFlycatcher, 2; Corn.Bushtit, 2; plot, and is dominatedby Needle-and-thread•Stipa com- Black-tailedGnatcatcher, 2; Orange-crownedWarbler, ata), Blue Grama (Boutelouagracilis), Thread-leaved 2, LesserGoldfinch, 2; SongSparrow, 2; ScrubJay, 1; Sedge(Carex filifolia), and W. Wheatgrass(Agropyron CactusWren, +. Total: 13 species;31 territorial males smithii).Several patches of Little Bluestem(Andropogon (703/km 2, 284/100 acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, scoparius)are found near the SW cornerof the plot Salt- Am Kestrel, Mourning Dove, Roadrunner, White- grass(DistichIls stricta) is dominantin the northwestern throatedSwift, Mockingbird,N. Oriole, HouseFinch, corner of the plot. Gentle banks up to 1.5 m in height Rufous-erownedSparrow. Remarks: Owing to the steep separatethe uplandgrassland from the sagebrushSilver terrain and densefoliage, much of the plot was inacces- Sagebrushforms a denseshrub layer about 1.0 m in sible for locating nests.-- RONALD H. MATSON, height,and patchesof W. Snowberry•Symphoncarpos 20502 WayneAve., Torrance,Calif. 90503. occidentalis) and Arkansas Rose (Rosa arkansana) of similar height are interspersedthroughout. Canopy BREEDING BIRDS OF PRAIRIE GRASS- coverageestimates for a quadratin the SilverSagebrush LAND AND SHRUBLAND HABITATS IN are: litter, 5; Silver Sagebrush,5; W. Wheatgrass,5, Prairie Sandgrass(Calamovilfa Iongifolia), 1; bare soft, NORTHEASTERN MONTANA T; Blue Flax (Linum perenne), T; CrestedWheatgrass (Agropyroncristatum), T; Green Needlegrass•Stipa vtrt- The five censusplots described below are locatedon dula), T; KentuckyBluegrass (Poa pratends), T; Plains the DreyerBrothers Ranch near the centerof McCone Muhly •uhlenbergia cuspidata),T; Saltgrass,T, W County,Montana, approximately 21 miles(33.8 km) Snowberry, T; Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), T WNW of the town of Circle. These censuses were con- Estimatesfor a quadrat locatedin WesternSnowberry ductedas part of a baselinewildlife study in connection are: litter, 5; WesternSnowberry, 4; AwnedWheatgrass w•tha proposedlignite mine and conversion facility. The (Agropyroncaninure), 3; ShowyMilkweed (Asclepms plotssample the predominantgrassland and shrubland speciosa),1; Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgate), 1; Green habitatsof the dissecteduplands characteristic of the Needlegrass,1; Sandberg'sBluegrass (Poa sandbergtt), area Plotswere located in representativehabitats using 1; bare soil,T; Maximilian's Sunflower(Helianthus max- aerialphotographs, and werestaked and placedusing imilianii), T; SilverSagebrush, T. Three isolatedclumps transit and/or hand compass.Canopy coverage of veg- of Silver Buffaloberry•Shepherdia argentea) to 3 m •n etation was estimated in 27.5 x 13.5 ft (8.4 x 4.1 m) heightoccur near the downstream(NE) end of the plot, quadratsusing a modificationof Daubenmire'scoverage and oneclump of Corn.Chokecherry (Prunus virgtmana) classes:T = lessthan 1% canopycover, Class 1 = 1-5%, is found near the centerof the plot. Edge: Similar grass- Class 2 = 5-25%, Class 3 = 25-50%, Class4 = 50-75%, land along the E and W borders;similar Silver Sage- Class5 = 75-95%. Latin namesof plantsused in plot brush flats to S; sagebrushgives way to Saltgrassflats descriptionsfollow Hitchcockand Cronquist's(1973) immediatelydownstream of the plot. Elevation: 2470- Flora of the PacificNorthwest. 2500 ft. Coverage:May 26; June 17-18, 27-28; July 6-7, Averageannual precipitation at a NationalClimatic 9; 8 trips, 0520-2100.Total man-hours:18. Census:Lark Centerrecording station at Circleis 13.5in. Precipitation Bunting,16 (67, 27); Brewer'sSparrow, 9 (38, 15), Corn for the periodApril throughJuly was 6.13 in., or 1.61in. Yellowthroat, 8 (33, 13); W. Meadowlark, 7 (29, 12), belownormal, with a large percentageof the precipita- GrasshopperSparrow, 5 (21, 8); E. Kingbird, 3 (13, 5), tion fallingduring a singlemajor rainstormon June 14- Sprague'sPipit, 3; Mourning Dove, 2; Horned Lark, 1, 15 Most of the smaller stockpondswhich were dry Brown Thrasher, 1; Loggerhead Shrike, 1; Brown- throughoutMay andearly June were filled to capacityby headed Cowbird, 1; Vesper Sparrow, 1; Chestnut- this rainstorm.However, groundwaterwas not replen- collared Longspur, 1; Mallard, +; Marsh Hawk, +, isheddue to lossof precipitationas overlandflow, and Prairie Falcon, +. Total: 17 species;59 territorial males subsequentgreenflush was of limitedduration. Tem- or females (246/km 2, 99/100 acres). Visitors: Gadwall, peratureswere higher than normal throughoutthe Am. Kestrel, Sharp-tailedGrouse, Ring-necked Pheas- period.The entirearea was heavily grazed by sheepand ant, Short-caredOwl, Corn. Nighthawk, Corn. Fhcker, cattle, and grasslanddevelopment was slight over the W. Kingbird, Say'sPhoebe, Bank Swallow,Barn Swal- summer. low, Cliff Swallow, Red-wingedBlackbird, N. Oriole, Specialthanks are due to SusanS. Thompsonand Brewer'sBlackbird, SavannahSparrow, Lark Sparrow, Fred Krase for assistance with census runs, and to Chipping Sparrow, Chestnut-collared Longspur R•chardA Prodgersfor vegetationanalysis This study Remarks: Nine nests were found within the plot E
Volume32, Number 1 107 Kingbird, 2 (1 with 2 eggslater destroyedby weather,1 Meadowlark,8 (32, 13), BrownThrasher, 5 (20, 8), Yel- v•th 4 young);Brewer's Sparrow, 2 (1 with 3 eggsand 1 low Warbler, 5; MourningDove, 3 (12, 5); E. Kingbird, with 4); Mallard, 1 (empty);Marsh Hawk, 1 (6 young); 3; Horned Lark, 3; Rock Wren, 3; Say's Phoebe, 2, BrownThrasher, 1 (contentsnot examined);Loggerhead Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Lark Sparrow,2; Loggerhead Shrike, 1 (6 young);Chestnut-collared Longspur, 1 (4 Shrike, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; Marsh Hawk, +, eggs)A pair of PrairieFalcons nested several miles from Sprague'sPipit, +; Brewer's Blackbird, +. Total: 16 thisand the otherplots; much of the areawas used by the species,48 territorial malesor females(192/km 2, 78/100 pair for hunting.Other vertebratesencountered on the acres).Visitors: Mallard, Ring-neckedPheasant, Gray plot during censusruns: Prairie Rattlesnake(Crotalus Partridge,Great Horned Owl, Corn.Nighthawk, Rough- vtndts),White-tailed Jackrabbit(Lepus townsendl), Mule winged Swallow,Black-billed Magpie, Mountain Blue- Deer (Odocoileushernionus), White-tailed Deer (O. vir- bird, Am. Goldfinch, Lark Bunting. Remarks: Four gmmnus),Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). nestswere locatedon the plot: E. Kingbird, 1 (4 eggs), Say'sPhoebe, 1 (5 young);W. Meadowlark,1 (4 eggs, 151. SILVER BUFFALOBERRY - RED OSIER including3 cowbirdeggs); Lark Sparrow,1 (4 eggs) A DOGWOOD COULEE. w Location: Montana; Marsh Hawk nest located in the bottom of the main cou- McConeCo.; overlapsboundary of Sec.3 and 10, T20N, lee trunk just 5 m outsidethe plot contained6 eggson R45E, 47ø31'N, 105ø58'W;AMS, Glendive (NL 13-2). May 25, but wasdestroyed by a flashflood following the Continuity:New. Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres(square, June 14 rainstorm. Other vertebrates observed on the paced). Description of Plot: Drainage head in rolling plot during censusruns: Great PlainsToad (Bufocogna- grassland,E aspect,dissected by dendriticcoulee. Grass- tus), Prairie Rattlesnake,Cottontail (Sylvilagussp ), land coversabout 60% of plot and is dominatedby low White-tailed Jackrabbit, Porcupine(Erethizon dorsa- mats of Blue Grama, Needle-and-thread, and Thread- turn),Least Chipmunk (Eutarnias rninirnus), Mule Deer leaved Sedgeof relativelyshort stature (2-15 cm) with scattered island-like clumps of Little Bluestem and BluebunchWheatgrass (Agropyron spicaturn) up to 30 152. SILVER BUFFALOBERRY-SILVER SAGE- cm m height.Canopy coverage estimates for a quadrat BRUSH COULEE. -- Location: Montana; McCone Co, locatedin typical grasslandwithin the plot are: Blue overlapsborder of Sec.19 and 20, T20N, R4SE;47ø28'N, Grama, 3; Needle-and-thread,3; litter, 2; Thread-leaved 106ø1f W, AMS, Jordan (NL 13-1). Continuity: New Sedge,2; bare soil, 1; Saltsage(Atriplex nuttallii), 1; Size:25 ha = 61.8 acres(square, paced). Description of Winterfat (Eurotia lanata), 1; bare rock, T; Broom Plot: Most of plot (75%) is rolling grassland,E aspect, Snakeweed(Gutlerrezia sarothrae), T; FringedSagewort dominatedby Blue Grama and Needle-and-thread,and (Arternisiafrigida), T; Indian-wheat(Plantago potagon- containingpatches of Little Bluestem.A broad, shallow tca), T; lichens, T; mosses,T; Scarlet Globemallow couleecuts acrossthe NE cornerof the plot, and an E-W (Sphaeralaceacoccinea), T; Silver Sagebrush,T. Coulee ridge separatestwo narrowercoulees whose heads hc has5 majorarms within plot. Localrelief is great;main within the plot. Coulee walls are relativelyshallow, and trunk cuts as deeply as 6 m below plane of grassland. local relief does not exceed 3 m. Bottoms arc dominated Couleewalls are very steep,some nearly vertical. Long, by W. Wheatgrass,mats of Horizontal Juniper, and narrowpeninsulas of grasslandextend between coulee patches of Silver Sagebrush,Skunkbush Sumac, W arms North-facingcoulee walls and couleeheads sup- Snowberry,and Rose.Clumps of SilverBuffaloberry to 3 port denseshrubbery up to 3 m in height,dominated by m in height are scatteredalong the couleewalls and bot- SilverBuffaloberry, Chokecherry, Serviceberry (Arnelan- toms. Other shrubsof the couleesare closelyassociated chteralnifolia), and Red-osierDogwood (Comus stoloni- with SilverBuffaloberry, and includeCorn. Chokecherry, fera) Canopycoverage estimates for a quadratlocated in Serviceberry,and Rocky Mountain Juniper. A 0 S-ha oneof the couleeheads are: litter, 5; SilverSagebrush, 5; portion of an abandonedfield now dominatedby Cheat Red-osierDogwood, 3; Serviceberry,2; W. Snowberry,2; Grass (Brornus tectorurn) and Russian Thistle (Salsola Corn Chokecherry,1; Green Needlegrass,1; mosses,1; kali) extends into the NW corner of the plot, and a PoisonIvy (Rhus radicans), 1; rose (Rosa sp.), 1; Silver barbedwire fenceand dirt road run parallelto and 100 Buffaloberry,1; SkunkbushSumac (Rhus trilobata), 1; m eastof the W boundary.Other major shrubsfound in bare soil, T; FringedSagewort, T; lichens,T; Mountain the plot include Broom Snakeweed,Fringed Sagewort, Gooseberry(Ribes rnontigenurn),T; Stiff Goldenrod and Yucca (Yuccaglauca). Edge: Similargrassland sur- (Sohdagorigida), T; Yarrow,T; YellowSalsify (Tragopo- roundsthe plot exceptwhere the coulees(to the E and gon dubius), T. Other couleewalls consistof steepclay NW) and abandoned cropland continue. Elevation: banks nearly devoid of vegetation.The bottom of the 2550-2680 ft. Coverage:May 26, June 18, 22, 30; July 1, couleetrunk is relativelyflat and supportsa low shrub 6, 19; August 17; 8 trips, 0600-2045.Total man-hours layer (lessthan 1 m in height)dominated by rose, Silver 17.8. Census: Mourning Dove, 9 (36, 15); W Sagebrush,Skunkbush Sumac, and W. Snowberry,as Meadowlark, 8 (32, 13); Horned Lark, 4 (16, 6); Brown well as a few isolated Great Plains Cottonwood trees Thrasher,4; E. Kingbird, 3 (12, 5); LoggerheadShrike, (Populusdeltoides) up to 5 m in height. Other coulee 2; Lark Bunting, 2; Ring-neckedPheasant, 1; Brown- shrubs include Com. Juniper {Juniperuscommunis), headedCowbird, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Prairie Falcon, Hortzontal Juniper {J. horizontalis),Rocky Mountain +; Vesper Sparrow,+. Total: 12 species,34 territorial Juniper{j. scopulorum),and RubberRabbitbrush (Chry- males or females (136/km 2, 55/100 acres).Visitors: Am sothamnusnauseosus). Edge: Similar grasslandcon- Kestrel,Sharp-tailed Grouse, Killdeer, Corn. Nighthawk, tlnues upslopefrom coulee;coulee trunk widensdown- Com. Flicker, Bank Swallow,Rough-winged Swallow, stream and supports somewhat less tall shrubbery. Cliff Swallow, Black-billed Magpie, Rock Wren, Elevation: 2620-2760 ft. Coverage:May 25-26; June 19, Sprague'sPipit, Yellow Warbler, Brewer'sBlackbird, 21, 28, July 4-5, 9; 8 trips, 0520-2115.Total man-hours: Rufous-sidedTowhee, Lark Sparrow,Chestnut-collared 19 2 Census: Rufous-sided Towhee, 10 (40, 16), W Longspur Remarks:17 nestswere located on the plot
108 AmericanBirds, January 1978 MourningDove, 8 (all with 2 eggsor young),E. King- ion Cactus (Coryphanthavtvtpara), T, lichens, T, bird, 3 (1 with 4 eggs,2 empty);Brown Thrasher, 2 (nests Needle-and-thread, T; Scarlet Globemallow, T; Plains vacant, young nearby); LoggerheadShrike, 2 (nests Pricklypear,T. Quadrat B: Blue Grama, 4; W. Wheat- vacant,young nearby); W. Meadowlark,2 (onewith 4, 1 grass,3; litter, 2; bare soil, 1; Needle-and-thread,1, with 3 eggs).A pair of Red-tailedHawks nested 0.5 miles Thread-leavedSedge, 1; Cushion Cactus, T; Frlnged from the studyplot. Mammalsobserved on the plot dur- Sagewort,T; Indian-wheat,T; lichens,T; PlainsPrmkly- ing censusruns: White-tailedJackrabbit, Cottontail, pear,T; Prairie Pepperweed(Lepidiurn densifiorurn), T, Least Chipmunk, Porcupine, Pronghorn, Red Fox White Milkwort (Polygalaalba), T. The N endof the plot (Vulpesfulva), Mule Deer. rises to rolling hills with scatteredBig Sagebrush 153. NEEDLE-AND-THREAD - BLUE GRAMA (Artemisiatridentata). Somestanding water waspresent GRASSLAND. -- Location: Montana; McCone Co.; in the S portion during June censuses.A barbed wire borders center of E boundary of Sec. 25, T20N, R44E; fence forms the E boundary, and another runs just 47ø27'N, 106ø2'W; AMS, Jordan (NL 13-1). Continuity: beyondthe S boundary.Two old corralsare foundat the New Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres (square, surveyed). SE and SW cornersof the plot and are surroundedby Description of Plot: Rolling grassland, S aspect, wood debris and weedy annuals. An old wooden out- housestands near the SW corner. A fenced vegetation dominated by Blue Grama, Needle-and-thread,and Thread-leavedSedge with patchesof bare earth and Lit- exclosurelies in the SE portionof the plot. Edge: Slmfiar tle Bluestemscattered throughout. Grazing pressurewas grasslandto S and E, althoughless heavily grazed The plot is borderedto the W by a steepbank belowwhich heavyduring the summer.Canopy cover estimates for a quadratlocated within the plot are: Needle-and-thread, runs NelsonCreek, supportinga densegrowth of Am Bulrush(Scirpus americanus) and Foxtail Barley(Hor- 5, litter, 3; Blue Grama, 2; Thread-leavedSedge, 2; bare deumjubaturn).Elevation: 2430-2480 ft. Coverage:May soil, 1; W. Wheatgrass,T; Rush-like Skeletonweed 24; June 17, 25, 26; July 3, 4, 10, 31; 8 runs, 0500-2100 (Lygodesrniajuncea), T; Plains Pricklypear(Opuntia Total man-hours:16. Census:Horned Lark, 8 (32, 13), polyacantha),T; ScarletGlobemallow, T. A wide N-S W. Meadowlark, 3 (12, 5); Chestnut-collaredLongspur, coulee(relief up to 3 m ondownstream end) transcots the 1; Prairie Falcon, +; Killdeer, +; Brewer'sBlackbird, +, plot near its W boundary.The bottomof this coulccis Lark Sparrow,+. Total: 7 species,12 territorial malesor dominated by Needle-and-thread,Green Needlegrass, females(48/kin 2, 19/100 acres).Visitors: Mallard, Gad- Blue Grama, W. Wheatgrass, and Little Bluestem; wall, Am. Kestrel,Long-billed Curlew, Mourning Dove, banksare largelybare earth. A fewclumps of Horizontal Corn. Nighthawk, E. Kingbird, W. Kingbird, Rough- Jumperand a singlelow (less than 1.5m in height)Silver wingedSwallow, Barn Swallow,Cliff Swallow,Logger- Buffaloberryclump are found in this coulee.A barbed head Shrike, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Red-winged w•re fence forms the easternboundary of the plot. Edge: Blackbird, Brown-headedCowbird, Lark Bunting, Ves- Similar grasslandon all sides.Rocky scoria outcrops are per Sparrow. Remarks: W. Meadowlark territories found 100 m to S of plot, and the Saltgrassfloodplain of appearedto be abandonedearly, probablydue to inade- NelsonCreek begins 200 m to S of plot. Elevation:2460- 2560ft. Coverage:April 28; May 23; June18-19, 27, 29; quate grasscover. July8, August14; 8 trips,0500-2120. Total man-hours: 15 7 Census:Horned Lark, 11 (44, 18); W. Meadowlark, 155. SHRUBBY SWAMP AND SEDGE HUM- 5 (20, 8); Chestnut-collaredLongspur, 5; Vesper Spar- MOCKS. -- Location: Connecticut; Litchfield Co, N row, 2; GrasshopperSparrow, 1; Golden Eagle, +; end of Bantam Lake, White Memorial Foundation, PrmrleFalcon, +. Total: 7 species,24 territorialmales or Litchfield, 41ø43'02", 73ø12'27". Litchfield Quad- females (96/km 2, 39/100 acres). Visitors: Marsh Hawk, rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1965; 11 inter- Am Kestrel,Killdeer, Upland Sandpiper,Corn. Night- mittent years.Size: 8.09 ha = 20 acres.Description of hawk,W. Kingbird,Rough-winged Swallow, Barn Swal- Plot: SeeAFN 19:625-627(1965). Coverage:June 8-11, low, Cliff Swallow,Sprague's Pipit, LoggerheadShrike, 13; 16-18; 0500-2100. Total man-hours: 20. Census: Brewer's Blackbird, Lark Bunting, Lark Sparrow. SwampSparrow, 42 (519, 210); Red-wingedBlackbird, Remarks: The Grasshopperand Vesper Sparrow ter- 36 (445, 180); Yellow Warbler, 30 (371, 150); Corn ritories were associated with the coulee. One Horned Yellowthroat, 16 (198, 80); Willow Flycatcher,10 (124, Lark nest was found within the plot. A pair of Golden 50); Virginia Rail, 9 (111, 45); Gray Catbird, 8 (99, 40), Eaglesnested 1.9 km from the plot, whichwas included SongSparrow, 8; Mallard,6 (74, 30);Cedar Waxwing, 6, in their territory.Mammals seen on plot during census Am. Goldfinch,6; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 4 (49, 20), runs White-tailed Jackrabbit,Striped Skunk •ephitis Alder Flycatcher,3 (37, 15); Wood Duck, 2; E. Kingbird, mephitis). 2; Am. Bittern, 1; Am. Coot, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1, I54. WESTERN WHEATGRASS - BLUE GRAMA Tree Swallow, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Veery, 1, PASTURE. -- Location: Montana; McCone Co., Sec. N. Oriole, 0.5. Total: 22 species;194.5 territorial males 23, T20N, R44E; 4T28'N, 106•3'W; AMS, Jordan (NL (2,403/km2, 973/100 acres).Remarks: A rise of slightly 13-1) Continuity:New. Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres(square, less than 10% is reflected in the three main species paced).Description of Plot: Flat to rolling grassland,S SwampSparrow, from 32 to 42; Red-wingedBlackbird, aspect,dominated by W. Wheatgrass,Blue Grama, and 32 to 36; and YellowWarbler, 24 to 30. This gain may be Needle-and-thread.Very heavilygrazed by sheepand partly artificial;high-density species have been recorded grasshoppers;by the end of the seasonnearly all grasses more with increasedobservation. Fairly high water, gen- were croppednearly to ground level. Clumps of Plains erally standing from 1.5-3 ft throughout,may have Pricklypearare scatteredthroughout the grid. Canopy causedthe rails to drop from 14 to 9. A newbreeder was coverageestimates for two quadratslocated within the Am. Bittern. Specialthanks to Jim Cavanaughfor his plot follow. Quadrat A: bare soil, 3; Blue Grama, 3; W. help. -- ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St., Spring- Wheatgrass,3, litter, 1, Thread-leavedSedge, 1, Cush- field, Mass 01109
Volume32, Number1 109 156. NINE SMALL PONDS. -- Location: Ohio, April throughAugust. Total hours,all ponds,48. Cen- WyandotCo., CrawfordTownship, most of them near sus: The numbers detailed in the census in the order in the intersectionof StateRoute 23 (15), CountyHighway which they occur represent:(1) the number of pairs 96, and State Route 103, about 0.5 mi SW of Carey; found at all ponds;(2) pairs/100ha; (3) pairs/100a,(4) approximately40ø56'N, 83ø24'W,Upper Sandusky the pond numberswhere each species was found. Song Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size..Total water Sparrow,18 (89, 36) (all ponds);Red-winged Blackbird, acreageplus narrow margins,20.23 ha = 50 acres 10 (49,20) (1, 5, 7, 9); SpottedSandpiper, 6 (30, 12)(1, 2, (Countyengineer maps used). All pondswere undergoing 3, 5, 7, 9); IndigoBunting, 6 (1, 5, 9); Killdeer,5 (25, 10) a lossof waterthroughout the nestingseason and at the (1, 5, 9); Am. Goldfinch, 5 (1, 5, 9); Gray Catbird, 3 (15, close were at least 5 ft below their normal levels with a 6) (5, 7, 9); MourningDove, 2 (1, 9); Am. Robin,2 (Pond much reducedtotal water acreage.Description of pond 8, residential);Yellow Warbler, 2 (Ponds 5, 9); Com areas:Pond #1: Quadrilateral,grass-bordered on the N, Yellowthroat, 2 (Ponds 1, 9); Com. Grackle, 2 (Pond 8, E, and S margins;old-field on the W border;intermit- residential);Cardinal, 2 (Ponds1, 5); SavannahSparrow, tent cattailon W, S, and E edgeswhen at normalpond 2 (Ponds 1, 9); Pied-billed Grebe, 1 (4, 2) (5, deserted level,but muchreduced in 1977.Approximately 8 acres. from Pond 1); Canada Goose, 1 (Pond 9, adults and 5 Pond #2: Triangular; manicured,grassy borders; steep- young);Wood Duck, 1 (Pond 5, adults and 5 young), sided,non-vegetated; corn crop on the S, highwayN, and Bobwhite, 1 (Pond 9); Am. Coot, 1 (Pond 8); Willow Fly- railroadon the W. Approximately3.5 acres.Pond #3: catcher, 1 (Pond 9); HouseWren, 1 (Pond 8, residential), Quadrilateral;grass-bordered, on all sides;deciduous WarblingVireo, 1 (Pond8, residential);Chipping Spar- row on E; highwayinterchange adjacent on the S and W row, 1 (Pond8, residential).Total: 23 species;80 ter- sides,filling-station on N. Approximately7 acres.Pond ritorial males (395/km 2, 160/100 acres). Remarks: The #4 Triangular;grass-bordered; highway interchange on highwayponds represent a varied age span of approx- the N and W sides;residence, SW; croplandon the S. imately 20 years. Speciesrecorded as breedingwere Approximately4 acres. Pond #5: Olderthan the other those confinedto the pond areas and their immediate highwayponds; quadrilateral; grass-bordered on S by borders(approximately 25 ft), includingwhere woodland overpassslope; vegetated by smalltrees on N; woodland edgewas close, and aroundPond #8 within residential on the E; cattail in the W corner; small islands in the Carey.Such edge is very attractiveand wherepresent middle, when the water level is low. Approximately9.9 wouldenhance the valuesof the ponds.The mostpro- acres Pond #6: Triangular;steep-sided; highway over- ductlyeponds were (1) vegetated,either on the margins passslope on the S, grass-covered;woodland on the E or withinthe waterarea by cattail, sedges,or rushes,(2) leg,corn on the N legadjacent to a grassborder. Approx- relativelyshallow with gentle, sloping banks, (3) agedsuf- imately2.5 acres.Pond #7: Narrowlyrectangular; old- ficientlyto supplythe requiredvegetation. The lack of field margins;overpass slope on the N; otherwisesur- rainfail produceda two-wayeffect on populationsAm roundedby cropland; fencerow with saplinggrowth on Kestrel,Screech Owl, Great Horned Owl, and Coopefts the W border. Approximately5.8 acres.Pond #8: Hawk were using the pondsdirectly as residentsor as Formedas a resultof excavatingfor clay; nowin Carey part of their homeranges. --A. H. CLA UGUS, 228 S residential section; mature willow trees on N border and Lake St., Carey, Ohio 43316. smallwoodland on the NE corner;pond in two sections connectedby a narrow channel; S sectionwith low- BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS OF diameter trees, shore partially riprapped with stone. Southsection confined by streetson W and S sides,while SELECTED SEMIPERMANENT WET- residentiallawns complete the edge.Approximately 4.3 LANDS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL NORTH acres Pond #9: Formed by excavationof peaty humus, usuallyfilled with water,and drainedby a field ditchon DAKOTA -- 1977 the E side.A smallcattail marsh is presentat the W end. A vegetatedzone a fewfeet wide is onthe N sideadjacent The followingfour censusesare on selectedwetlands to a grass-borderedroad. Corn surroundsthe other 3 near Medina in south-central North Dakota. The area is sides The spongybottom, with the exceptionof narrow within the Coteaudu Missouri,a glaciallyformed ter- channelson the N and S edges,became covered with a minal moraineextending diagonally across central North mixedvegetation of cattails,sedges, and floweringherbs Dakotafrom SE to NW. Precipitationrecords are kept at as the water leveldecreased in early springand summer. Medina, but the nearest temperature station is at Conspicuousherbs in additionto cattail(Typha latifolia Gackle,North Dakota, 20 miles SE of the centerof the and T. angustifolia),are Boneset(Eupatoriurn perfolia- studyarea. Total rainfallfor the monthof Junewas 2 86 turn),Swamp Milkweed Otsclepias incarnata), Blue Ver- inches,0.04 inchesbelow normal. Temperature during vain (Verbenahastata), Goldenrod (Solidago grarninifo- Junewas slightly above normal with an averagehigh of ha), Giant RagweedOtrnbrosia trifida), Mullein (Verbas- 8UF and an averagelow of 54øF.All censuseswere con- curnthapsus). On all but the W border,fill debris,ditch ductedwhen winds were calm to light. Precipitationfor bank, and excavatedmargin supporta rich variety of the 12-monthperiod preceding the censuswas 10.28 in, pioneerweedy growth with thistle, Burdock, Catnip, and 6.65 in. below normal, causingwetlands on the study JimsonWeed, being amongsome of the more evident area to be in various stagesof drawdownby June 1 herbs.In the NW cornera smallsapling community is Waterfowlspecies and numbersare listed separately present,including Salix, Cottonwood(Populus del- under Remarks because the wetlands represent an totdes),Elderberry (Sarnbucuscanadensis), and Ash. unknown fraction of the territory of each pair, and Weather: Record cold January;early spring with May because most waterfowl on the areas failed to breed frost, continuedlack of rainfall. Coverage:Almost daily becauseof droughtconditions.- GAR Y L. KRAPU, U for shortperiods Cof time; weekly for longerperiods from S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Northern Prairie Wtldhfe
110 AmericanBirds, January 1978 Research Center, Jamestown, Ar.D. 58401 and ROBERT lngtl•e censuses. On theW Dsa pavedroad. The wetland K GREEN,, Dept. of Entomology, Fisheries and is borderedby concentricrings of Cottonwood(Populus WEldlife, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. 55108. deltoides)marking the locationof pasthighwater levels Elevation: 1741 ft. Coverage:June 4, 6-7, 15-16, 24, 157. CATTAIL-BULRUSH WETLAND I. -- Loca- 0600-1100, CDT. Total man-hours:7. Census:Yellow- tion: NorthDakota; Stutsman Co., 6 mi S and 1.5 mi E headedBlackbird, 153 (2100, 850); Am. Coot, 23 (316, of Medina;46ø49'45•N, 99ø16'20•W, Medina SE Quad- 128); Long-billedMarsh Wren, 21 (288, 117); Red- rangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.4 ha = 15.8acres wingedBlackbird, 19 (261,106); Com. Yellowthroat, 14 (irregular,measured by plalnimeterfrom aerial photo). (192, 78);Pied-billed Grebe, 7 (96, 39); SongSparrow, 5 Descriptionof Plot: A freshwatersemipermanent (Class (69, 28); EaredGrebe, 3 (41, 17);Virginia Rail, 2, Kill- IV) wetland. The dominant marsh plants are Broad- deer, 1; Mourning Dove, 1. Total: 11 species;249 ter- leavedCattail (Typhalatifolia) and HardstemBulrush ritorial and non-territorial males (3418/km •, 1383/100 (Scarpusacutus). Plants in thewet meadow zone include acres).Visitors: Black-crownedNight Heron, Yellow- Foxtatl (Hordeurnjabatum), SilverweedCinquefoil crownedNight Heron, Am. Bittern,Willet, Ring-billed (Potentiliaanserina), Hedge Nettle (Stachyspalustria), Gull, BlackTern, E. Kingbird,W. Kingbird,Tree Swal- and Baltic Rush (Juncusbalticus). Most of the wetland low, Barn Swallow,Gray Catbird, LoggerheadShrike (90%)is coveredby emergentvegetation, of whichbul- Remarks: Mean numbersof waterfowlpairs sightedon rushcomprises 60%, with a fewopenings in the south- the wetland:Ruddy Duck, 13.3; Redhead,10.8; Blue- centralportion. Edge: Bordered on the NE, E, S, and wingedTeal, 6.5; Mallard, 4.2; Gadwall,3; Canvasback, SWby grazed pasture; cattle were not present during the 2.7; N. Shoveler,2.7; Pintail, 0.3; Green-wingedTeal, censusperiod. The wetlandis borderedby croplandon 0.2. Nests found: Yellow-headed Blackbird, 344, Am the NW plantedto Wheat (Triticumaestivum). Eleva- Coot, 31; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 18; Pied-balled tion: 1806 ft. Coverage:June 4, 6-8, 1S, 24; 0530-1100, Grebe, 12; Red-wingedBlackbird, 6; Ruddy Duck, 4, CDT Total man-hours:6. Census:Red-winged Black- VirginiaRail, 4; Canvasback,2; Mallazd,1; Mourmng bird, 27 (422, 171);Yellow-headed Blackbird, 22 (344, Dove,1. At leastone of the Virginia Rail nestswas hkely 139) Com. Yellowthroat,S (78, 32); Long-billedMarsh a renestattempt based on smallclutch size and date of Wren, 3 (47, 19); Sharp-tailedSparrow, 3; Sora,1; Kill- nest initiation. Yellow-headed Blackbird nests were deer,1; Com.Snipe, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1. Total: locatedprincipally in standsof cattail isolatedfrom 9 species;64 territorialand non-territorial males (1001/ shoreby openwater. km2, 405/100 acres).Visitars:Willet, Ring-billedGull, Mourning Dove, Horned Lark, Barn Swallow,W. 159. CATTAIL-BULRUSH WETLAND IlL -- Loca- Meadowlark,Com. Grackle. Remarks:Mean numbers tion: North Dakota; Stutsman Co., 3 mi S and 2 ml W of of waterfowlpairs sighted on thewetland: Gadwall, 0.7; Medina; 46ø49'40"N,.99ø20'20RW, Medina SE Quad- Mallard, 0.4; Blue-wingedTeal, 0.2; Pintail, 0.2; N. rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 4.98 ha = 12 3 Shoveler,0.2. Nestsfound: Red-wingedBlackbird, 22; acres (irregular, measuredby planimeter from arelal Yellow-headedBlackbird, 8. Behaviorof the Com. Snipe photo).Description of Plot. A freshwatersemipermanent suggestedit nested in themarsh vegetation, but nonests (Class IV) wetland. The dominant marsh plants are were found. The wetland was approachingcomplete Hybrid Cattail (Typha '•lauca"), Broad-leavodCattail drawdownduring the censuses; only a fewsmall pools of (T. latifolia), HardstemBulrush (Scirpusacutus), River waterexisted in the basin;maximum water depth was 7.9 Bulrush (S. fiuviatilis), Com. Threesquare(S. amen- in at thebeginning of thecensus period. canus),and Sprangle-top(Scolochloa festucacea). Dom- inant plants of the wet meadowzone are Awned Sedge 158.CATTAIL]BULRUSH WEll?LAND II. -- Loca- (Carex atherodes), Prairie Cordgrass(Spartina pect•- tion: North Dakota; Stutsman Co.', 3 mi S of Medina; nata), Foxtail Ortordeumjubatum), and SilverweedCin- 46ø50'25•N, 99ø18'45•W, Medina SE Quadrangle, quefoil(Potentilia anserina). A fewdense stands of Reed USGS.Continuity: New. Size: 7.28 ha = 18.0acres (irreg- (Phragmitescommunis) also occur on the wetland.Hard- ular, measured by planimeter from aerial photo). stembulrush comprises approximately 60% of the emer- Descriptionof Plot: A freshwatersemipermanent (Class gentcover; open water covers approximately 55% of the IV) wetland.The dominantemergent marsh plants are wetland. A barbed-wire fence crosses the wetland from E Hybrid Cattail (Typha '•lauca"), Broad-leavedCattail to W dividingit into approximatelyequal halves;the N (T latifolla),and HardstemBulrush (Scirpus acutus). half waswithin a pasture.Foxtail was abundantonly in Small standsof Reed(Phragmites communis) also occur the wet meadow zone of the grazed N portion, and in the wetland. The principal submergentswere Com. Sprangle-topwas scarcein grazed marsh habitat but Bladderwort(Utricularia vulgaris)and Com. Watermil- abundant in the non-grazedS portion. Edge: Bordered fod •yriophyllum exalbescens).The principal wet on the N by grazed pasture;cattle were not presentdur- meadowplants are SilverweedCinquefoil (Potentilia ing the census.An Alfalfa Medicagosativa) field Dson anserina),Foxtail (1tordeumjubatum),and HedgeNettle the E edge of the wetland and an ungrazedfield of (Stachyspalustris). Several Peach-leaved Willow (Salix BromeGrass (Bromus inermis) and Alfalfa is adjacentto amygdaloides)trees also occur in the wet meadowzone. the S border.A hardtoproad, resurfacedduring the cen- Extensive stands of cattail occur in the W half of the sus, borders the wetland on the W. A small stand of wetland. Cattail comprisesapproximately 65% of the Peach-leavedWillow (Salix amygdaloides)occurs at the emergentcover; emergent cover is restrictedto approx- SW edge.Elevation: 1777 ft. Coverage:June 4, 6-8, 15, imately 35% of the wetland. Maximum water depth at 24; 0600-0900, CDT. Total man-hours: 5. Census: the onsetof the censuswas 27.3 in. A springis at the SE Yellow-headedBlackbird, 57 (1145, 463); Long-billed boundaryof the wetland.Edge: Borderedon the N, E, Marsh Wren, 13 (261, 106); Rod-wingedBlackbird, 13, and S by grazednative pasture;cattle were presentdur- Corn. Yellowthroat,8 (161, 65); Am. Coot, 5 (100, 41),
Volume 32, Number 1 111 Brown-headedCowbird, 4 (80, 33), Sharp-tailedSpar- (15, 6), Mallard, 6, Mourning Dove, 6, Pine Siskin,6, row, 2; Pied-billedGrebe, 1; Virginia Rail, 1; Sora, 1; ChippingSparrow, 6; CinnamonTeal, 5 (12, 5); Ham- Killdeer, 1; Le Conte'sSparrow, 1; SongSparrow, 1. mond'sFlycatcher, 5; Willow Flycatcher,5; W. Wood Total: 13 species;108 territorial and non-territorial Pewee,5; Swainson'sThrush, 5; Ruby-crownedKinglet, males (2170/km •, 878/100 acres). Visitors: Black- 5; Wood Duck, 4 (10, 4); Sora, 4; Com. Nighthawk, 4, crownedNight Heron, Am. Bittern,Willet, Ring-billed Barn Swallow,4; Violet-greenSwallow, 4; Red-breasted Gull, MourningDove, E. Kingbird,Barn Swallow, Com. Nuthatch,4; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 4; Cedar Wax- Grackle.Remarks: Mean numbersof waterfowlpairs wing, 4; Osprey, 3 (7, 3); Rufous Hummingbird, 3, sightedon the wetland:Blue-winged Teal, 5.5; Mallard, Mountain Chickadee,3; MacGillivray'sWarbler, 3, Am 3 3, Gadwall,2.2; N Shoveler,0.8; Am. Wigeon,0.5; Redstart, 3; Dark-eyedJunco, 3; Great Blue Heron, 2, N P•ntad, 0.4. Shoveler,2; Ring-neckedDuck, 2; Ruffed Grouse, 2, 160. BULRUSH WETLAND. -- Location: North Killdeer, 2; CalliopeHummingbird, 2; Com. Flicker, 2, Dakota; Stutsman Co., 4 mi S of Medina; 46ø49'40•N, Dusky Flycatcher,2; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 2; Pygmy 99ø 18'05"W, Medina SE Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Nuthatch,2; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2; Com. Golden- New Size: 5.63 ha = 13.9 acres(irregular, measured by eye, 1; Prairie Falcon, 1; Black Tern, 1; Com. Raven, 1, platometerfrom aerial photo). Descriptionof Plot: A Hermit Thrush, 1; Townsend'sSolitaire, 1; Orange- freshwatersemipermanent (Class IV) wetland.The dom- crownedWarbler, I; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Coop- lnant marshplant is HardstemBulrush (Scirpus acutus). er's Hawk, 0.5; Wilson'sPhalarope, 0.5; Great Horned The principal plants in the wet meadowzone are Com. Owl, 0.5; PileatedWoodpecker, 0.5; SpottedSandpiper, +; Saw-whetOwl, +; W. Flycatcher,+; TennesseeWar- Spikerush(Eleocharis palustris), Silverweed Cinquefoil (Potentiliaanserina) and Foxtail (Hordeurnjubatum). bler, +; Brewer'sBlackbird, +; White-crownedSparrow, Much of the water surface beneath the bulrush is covered +. Total: 66 species;278 territorial males or females (687/km 2, 278/100 acres). Remarks: 37 nests found vath a dense mat of Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor). Great Blue Heron, 1; Canada Goose, 2; Osprey, 3, Bulrushstands cover approximately 35%, with largecen~ Prairie Falcon,1; Am. Coot, 1; Mourning Dove, 2; Com tral areas of open water coveringapproximately 55%. Flicker, 1; Willow Flycatcher, 1; W. Wood Pewee, 1, Maximum waterdepth at the onsetof the censusperiod was 17 in. Small scattered stands of Broad-leaved Cattail Tree Swallow, 7; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 1; Am Robin, 2; Swainson'sThrush, 1; Ruby-crownedKinglet, (Typhalatifolia) occuronly in the N half. Edge: Bordered 1; CedarWaxwing, 2; YellowWarbler, 1; Com.Yellow- on all sidesby grazedpasture; cattle were present during throat, 1; MacGillivray's Warbler, 1; Yellow-headed the censusperied. SeveralChokecherry (Prunus virgini- Blackbird, 1. Additional fledglings seen: Pied-billed ana) bushesare growingfrom a rockpilelocated at the Grebe, 14; CanadaGoose, 16; Mallard, 15; Blue-winged extremeS edge.A spring-feddugout, less than 0.25 acre Teal, 1; Wood Duck, 15; Am. Coot, 2; Corn. Flicker, 3, in area,is locatedapproximately 100 ft from the extreme Dusky Flycatcher,2; Willow Flycatcher,3; SongSpar- NE corner.Elevation: 1754 ft. Coverage:June 4, 6-8, 15, 24, 0600-1000, CDT. Total man-hours: 7. Census: row, 7. Tree Sparrows,which were present and territorial during the breedingseasons of 1975 and 1976,were not Yellow-headedBlackbird, 46 (818, 331); Red-winged seenafter April in 1977. I wishto acknowledgethe con- Blackbird,12 (213, 86); Long-billedMarsh Wren, 9 (160, 65), Corn. Yellowthroat, 7 (124, 50); Am. Coot, 6 (107, tinued support of landownersMr. & Mrs. P. L. Mac- 43), Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 5 (89, 36); Brown-headed Donald and Mr. & Mrs. W. Pinkney.--MARCELLA M. BISHOP, Shoreline Route, Polson, Mont. 59860 Cowbird,2; VirginiaRail, 1; Killdeer,1. Total: 9 species; 89 territorial and non-territorial males (1582/km2, 640/ 100 acres). Visitors: Willet, Ring-billed Gull, Corn. 162. FLOODPLAIN POND. -- Location: Colorado, Grackle. Remarks: Mean numbersof waterfowtpairs Weld Co., about 6 mi S and 5.1 mi E of Johnstown. Parts sightedon the wetland:Mallard, 43; Blue-wingedTeal, of Secs.34 & 35, T4N, R67W, 40ø15'N,104ø52'W; Milli- 17 2, Gadwall, 11.5; Pintail, 8; Redhead,7; Am. Wig- ken Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1974, 4 eon, 3 2; Green-wingedTeal, 2.5; N. Shoveler,1.3; Can- consecutiveyears. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres(measured from vasback, 0.5. Nests found: Yellow-headed Blackbird, aerial photowith planimeter).Deserlptlon of Plot: See 102, Am. Coot, 6; Red-wingedBlackbird, 5; Virginia AB 28:1034-1035(1974). Weather: Mostlyclear, dry and Rail, 1. warm throughoutcensus peried. Coverage:May 6, 13, 24, 31; June 7, 14, 22, 28; sunrise-0930. Total man- 161. BULRUSH AND CATTAIL MARSH IN CONI- hours: 5.25. Census:Yellow-headed Blackbird, 22 (259, FER FOREST. -- Loeatlon:Montana; Lake Co., on W 105);Corn. Yellowthroat, 4 (47, 19); Red-wingedBlack- Sideof FlatheadLake, 6 mi N of Polson,on KingsPoint bird, 1. Total: 3 species;27 territorial males(318, 129) Rd , 47ø35'N,114ø09'W; Wild HorseIsland Quadrangle, Remarks: All breedingbirds experienceda decline in USGS Continuity: Established 1975:3 consecutive numbers. The dominant Yellow-headed Blackbirds years Size:40.47 ha = 100acres. Deserlptlon of Plot: See declinedby 31% and manyminor speciesdid not neston AB 31 84-85(1977). Weather: All tripson clear days with the area as in pastyears (Am. Bittern, Can. Goose,Am light breezeand moderatetemperature. Coverage: May Coot,Spotted Sandpiper, W. Meadowlark).The plotwas 12, 17, 26; June 10, 13, 18, 28, 30; July 3, 7, 12; dawn- established to evaluate the effects of the St. Vrain 1100 and 1730-1930. Total man-hours: 62. Census: NuclearGenerating Station on the surroundingenviron- Red-winged Blackbird, 18 (44, 18); Yellow-headed ment.The pondwill act as an intermediateholding loca- Blackbird, 17 (42, 17); SongSparrow, 17; Corn.Yellow- tion for blow-downwater from the coolingtowers of the throat, 16 (40, 16); Tree Swallow, 12 (30, 12); Blue- plant,which has been in operationfor onlyshort periods wingedTeal, 9 (22, 9); Redhead,9; Yellow Warbler, 9; in the first half of 1977. -- LADISLAV R. HANKA, Am Coot, 8 (20, 8); Pied-billedGrebe, 7 (17, 7); Black- Dept. of Zool. and Ent., Colorado State Univ., Fort Col- cappedChickadee, 7; Am. Robin, 7; Canada Goose,6 lins, Colo., 80523.
112 AmericanBirds, January 1978 163. CATTAIL MARSH. -- Location: California, Los trafis cnss-crossthe shallowpart of the S marsh Edge: AngelesCo., 2 mi W of Wilmington,just N of Anaheim Surroundedon all sidesby Tamarisk-Saltbush; beyond St. between Vermont Ave. and State Freeway 11. Con- the Tamarisk-Saltbush to the NE lies a bluff; to the SE tinuity: New.Size: 5.23 ha = 12.91acres (250 yds square, moreTamarisk and marsh;to the SW a dirt road and the measuredwith steeltape and compass).Description of Union Pacific Railroad; and to the NW the Tamarisk- Plot: Typical freshwatermarsh with 2 main bodiesof Saltbushplot (CensusNo. 148). Topography:Flat, sur- watersurrounded on 3 sidesby vegetation;the W sideis roundedby banksto 6 ft high. Elevation:1400 ft. Water: protectedby a 30 footcliff. Major elementsin the ground Approximatelyone quarter of the plot is openwater, the cover include Com. Cattail (Typha latifolia), and Field remainderhas water several inches deep covered by veg- Mustard (Brassicasp.) which dominates the drier areas. etation.Coverage: April 10, 15, 20, 27; May 1, 4, 8, 11, Mule Fat (Baccharisviminca) is the most conspicuous 0500-0800, PST. Total party-hours:24. Census: Red- shrub,becoming very dense in placesand averaging7 ft wingedBlackbird, 8 (140, 57); Am. Coot, 6 (105, 43), in height.The onlytrees over 3 in. dbh are2 YellowWil- Com. Yellowthroat, 2: Verdin, 1; Am. Bittern, 1. Total: 5 lows(Salix lasiandra) in the SW corner.A quantitative species;18 territorial males, (315/100 km2, 128/100 surveyof the vegetation,based on 5 tenth-acrecircles acres). Remarks: Red-winged Blackbirds, averaged gave the followingresults: Shrub stems/acre 550,000; between2 and 5 femalesper male. The abovecount of 8 groundcover 70%. Edge: Part of a largermarsh of about Red-wingedBlackbirds is the numberof territorial males 300 acres.To the S acrossAnaheim St. is a large oil in the studyplot. The numberof actualbreeding females refinery. Topography:Essentially flat, elevation20 ft. is probablynearer 30. -- MICHAEL WEINSTEIN, and Water: A man-made lake to the N feeds the lower marsh K. tt. BERRY, Bureau of Land Management, 1695 area Weather: Mostly cool and dry exceptfor 2.5 in. of Spruce,Riverside, Calif. 92507. rain betweenMay 7 and 9. The temperaturerange was 165. DESERT RIPARIAN FRESHWATER 49-73øF(average 62øF). Coverage: April 7, 10, 12, 14, 19, MARSH AND PONDS. -- Location: California, San 21, 26, 28; May 5, 10; 0800-1300,averaging 2.3 hours BernardinoCo., 0.5 mi E of Rte 62, Big MorongoWild- each Total man-hours: 23. Census: Tricolored Black- life Preserve,Morongo Valley; 34ø03'N, 116ø35'W, Mor- bird, 98 (1876, 759); Red-wingedBlackbird, 37 (708, ongoValley Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New Size: 287), HouseFinch, 4 (77, 31); LesserGoldfinch, 3 (57, 15.38 ha = 38 acres(irregular, extreme dimensions 1320 23), Com. Bushtit,2; BrownTowhee, 2; SongSparrow, X 1680 ft, determinedfrom large scale map using dot 2, Green Heron, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; W. Kingbird, 1; grid overlay).Deseriptlon of Plat: A desertoasis formed Mockingbird,1; Am. Coot,+. Total: 12 species;152 ter- alonga fault whichforces underground water to the sur- ritorial males or females (2909/km 2, 1177/100 acres). faceto form a permanentstream. Two pondshave been Remarks: The Tricolored Blackbirds were present in 2 constructedin recent years. The ponds and assocmted separatebreeding colonies. The colonynear the center marshcomprise about 5% of the plot, the restis riparian had 62 activenests; the colonylocated at the S end had woodland,mesquite thickets and small areasof brush 36 The Com. Bushtits were observedas 2 separate The marshplants are primarilyBulrush (Scirpus olneyO groups,one with 8 membersand the secondwith 12. -- and Cattail (Typha sp.). Commonshrub species include LAWRENCE H. POR TZER, 2650 Brian Ave., Torrance, HoneyMesquite (Prosopis julifiora), Alkali Goldenbush Cahf ff-Iaplopappusacradenius ), RussianThistle (Salsola•ber- 164. DESERT MARSH. -- Location: California; San ica), Saltbush(A triplex serenana),Virgin's Bower(Clem- BernardinoCo., Afton Canyon;15 mi N, 17 mi E of New- atis sp.), a woodyvine, and severalspecies of smallwfi- berry; SW¬ of Sec. 17, TllN, R6E, Cave Mtn. Quad- lowsthat hybridize.Ground coverplants includeYerba rangle, USGS; 35ø02'N,116ø2TW. Continuity: New. Mansa (Anemopsiscalifornica), Saltgrass 09istichhs sp•- Size: 5.71 ha = 14.1 acres(paced). Description of Plot: cata), and Mexican Wire Rush •luncus mexicanus) Typmalmarshy area of the MojaveRiver bottomlands; Trees, 3 in. in diameter and over, based on six 0 1 acre thereis verylittle of thishabitat in the MojaveRiver and circularsamples, 162/acre, total basalarea 123 ft2/acre In the desertin general.Two marsh areas,oblong in Speciescomprising 100% of the total number of trees shapeand NW-SE in orientationof the long axis, are FremontCottonwood (Populus fremontii)59, 37, 75, 66, separatedby a 6 to 10 ft bank.A roadruns along the Red Willow (Salix lasiandra) 59, 37, 21, 50; and Honey bank, separatingthe marshesfor mostof their length. Mesquite43, 27, 4, 66. Treesby diametersize class A The marshesare sparselylined with variousspecies of (3-6 in.) 79, 50, 4.9, 6; B (6-9 in.) 29, 18, 5.4, 7; C (9-15 Tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla, T. parvifolia, T. ramosis- in.) 24, 15, 12.0, 16; D (15-21 in.) 10, 16, 18.0, 23, E s•ma), most of which (total, 45 shrubs)are shrubbyand (21-27 in.) 6, 4, 12.4, 16; F (27-33 in.) 3, 2, 9.8, 13, G are under8 ft in height;7 shrubsare about10 ft and 9 (33-40 in.) 3, 2, 14.2, 19. Shrub stems/acre 13,866, are 12 to 15 ft. Otherprominent shrubs are Quail Brush groundcover 62.5%, canopycover 77%, averagecanopy (Atnplexlentiformis), Honey and ScrewbeanMesquites height 51 ft (range 30-60 ft). Woodlandand mesqmte (Prosopisglandulosa var. torreyana,P. pubescens),and thicket 92%, pondsand marsh5%, and brush3% Sev- Willow (Salixgooddingii). The Quail Brushwas rep- eral foot trails crossthe preserve.An unusedbarn, a res- resentedprimarily by large (6-8 ft) dry dead bushes. idenceconverted to office spacefor the preservestaff, Other shrub speciesoccur in trace amounts.Annuals and a row of planted palm trees also are on the plot and herbson the banksinclude Sea-purslane (Sesuvium Topography:Gently sloping N to S valleywith hillsto the verrucosum), Chinese Pusley ffteliotropium curassavi- S and E, descendingand narrowinginto a canyonthat cure ocularurn),Yerba Mansa (Anemopsiscalifornica), cutsthrough the hills to the S. Elevation:2475-2530 ft and Russian Thistle (SalsolapaulsenK). Only birds Weather: Mostly clear, warm to hot days(low 32ø high occurringwithin the marshor 3 to 6 ft of its edgewere 104ø, usually 70-90øF).An unusuallate, cold storm in counted.Camping occurs around and on the edgesof the May brought0.91 in. of rain. Coverage:April 22, 28, 30, two marshes;litter can be seen in the water. Vehicle May 10, 21, 27; June 2, 6, 20; 0600-0900. Total man-
Volume32, Number1 113 hours: 27. Census: Bewick's Wren 8 (52, 21): House certainlynest there, but the numberof breedingpairs Finch 7 (46, 18); Com. Bushtit,S (33, 13); Rufous-sided couldnot be established.Special thanks to DougWilson Towhee,5; Anna's Hummingbird,4 (26, 11); Ash- and BabsKobaly of Big MorongoWildlife Preserve.-- throatedFlycatcher, 4; Yellow-breastedChat, 4; Gam- SHARON GOLDWASSER, Kresge College, Univ. of bel'sQuail, 3 (20, 8); CaliforniaThrasher, 3; SongSpar- Calif. at SantaCruz, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064. row, 3; Virginia Rail, 2; Costa'sHummingbird, 2; Ladder-backedx Nuttall's Woodpecker,2; Verdin, 2; 166. DISTURBED COASTAL SALT MARSH. -- Starling,2; Lucy'sWarbler, 2; N. Oriole,2; Brown Loeatlon:California; Los AngelesCo., Venice;bordered Towhee,2; Am. Kestrel,1; Am. Coot,1; BarnOwl, 1; byBallona Creek (N), CulverBlvd. (S), Vista del Mar (W) Great Horned Owl, 1; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 1; and where Culver and Jefferson Blvds unite (E); Black Phoebe,1; Wied'sCrested Flycatcher, 1; Phaino- 33ø51'00•N, 118ø27'00•W, Venice Quadrangle, USGS. pepla,1; Corn.Yellowthroat, 1; HoodedOriole,; Brown- Continuity:New. Size: 8.65 ha = 21.38acres (210 x 412 headedCowbird (female),l; SummerTanager, 1; Bell's m. measuredwith steeltape). Deserlptionof Plot: Sali- Vireo, 0.5; Yellow Warbler, 0.5; Cooper'sHawk, +; cornia salt marsh habitat with small creeks. Plot almost Red-tailedHawk, +; MourningDove, +; LesserGold- completelycovered with uniformlylow lying vegetation finch,+; Lawrence'sGoldfinch, +. Total: 37 species;75 2-3 ft high,mainly Pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) with territorial males or females (488/km2, 197/100 acres). theperiphery a mixtureof IcePlant (Carpobrotus edulis) Visitors:Prairie Falcon,White-winged Dove, Roadrun- and Salt Grass(DistichIls spicata). The area coverbreak- ner, White-throatedSwift, W. Kingbird,Cassin's King- downis as follows:Salicornia virginica 61%, Bassia hys- bird, VermilionFlycatcher, Scrub Jay, House Sparrow, sopifolia7.1%, DistichIls spicata 6.2%, Carpobrotus edu- Black-throatedSparrow. Remarks: 24 nests found: lis 6.1%, Atriplex patula 5.3%, creek area 5%, bare Great HornedOwl 1, Anna'sHummingbird 4, Costa's ground(road or horsepath) 3.8%, Sonchus oleraceus 2%, Hummingbird1, Ladder-backedx Nuttall'sWood- Frankenia grandifolia 1.5%, Croton californicus1%, peckerhybrids 2, Wied'sCrested Flycatcher 1, Ash- Lyciumbrevipes 1%. Otherspresent but not found in throatedFlycatcher 1, Corn.Bushtit 5, Lucy'sWarbler 2, vegetationsurvey include, in smallpercentages, Suaeda Phainopepla1,Starling 1, HoodedOriole 1, HouseFinch californicaand Rumexcrassus. The earthwas extremely 3; 29 naturalcavities and 13 nestboxesare found.Cert- dry and crusty.Water, channeledthrough the small susingwas begun too late in the seasonto accurately creek passingthrough the entire plot, fluctuatesdra- recordnumbers of early nestingspecies such as hum- maticallywith the oceantides. Edge: Ballona Creek bor- mingbirds,Phainopeplas, and CaliforniaThrashers. dersthe N edgebut it wasnot includedin survey.Culver MourningDoves, Lesser Goldfinches and Lawrence's Blvd.. approx.50 yards from the S border is active. Goldfincheswere observed throughout the period,and Betweenthe Blvd. and the plot lie activelyused stables
Census166. Disturbed Coastal Salt Marsh. Photo/Ken Dial.
114 American Birds January1978 and riders pass through sectionsof the plot Willows S•gmficantprecipitation occurred May 23-24 Coverage: (Saltx laevigata),border the W edgebehind which are April 11, 18, 25, 20; May 9, 16, 28; June 6; 0500-0800, apartmentcomplexes. The E edgeis borderedby a 7 ft PST. Total man-hours:24. Census:Mourning Dove, 4 embankment.Elevation: Sea level. Weather: Mornings (19,8); HouseFinch, 3 (14,6); Killdeer,2; Say'sPhoebe, wereovercast; 2.55 in. rainfall, 68øFavg. high, 53øF.avg. 2; Verdin, 2; Roadrunner,1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1, low (from National Weather Forecast, LAX area). Cover- Red-tailed Hawk, +; Prairie Falcon, +; Great Horned age: March 19-20; April 2-4, 9-10, 23-24; May 2, 4, 11, Owl, +; White-throatedSwift, +; Rock Wren, +. Total: 21-23. Total man-hours:26. Census:Savannah Sparrow, 12 species;15 territorial males (70/km 2, 28/100 acres) 13 (150, 61); W. Meadowlark,3 (35, 14); SongSparrow, Remarks: Three Say's Phoebenests and one each of Total: 3 species;19 territorial males (220/km2, 89/100 Red-tailed Hawk, Killdeer, and Verdin were found The acres). Remarks: Least Terns were seen on adjacent hawknest and phoebe nests were just outsidethe edgeof mudflats but not found breeding. Short-cared Owl the plot on the borderingcliffs. White-throatedSwifts observedon two occasions,and pelletsfound on 5 of 15 also nest in the cliffs and forage over the plot. Rock ws•ts Four Savannah Sparrow nests found. -- Wrens were seenwith juvenilesfreshly out of the nest KENNETH PAUL DIAL, 7871 W. Manchester #C, Costa'sHummingbird and Phainopeplacertainly breed Playa del Rey, Calif. 90291. on the plot but werethrough nesting before the census period. Virginia Rail, Com. Yellowthroat, and Lesser 167. TAMARISK - QUAILBRUSH MARSH. -- Goldfinchmay breed but positiveevidence is lacking -- Location:California; San BernardinoCo., Mojave River EUGENE A. and STEVEN CARDIFF, and KRISTIN m Afton Canyon; from 18.25 to 18.75 mi E and 13.9 to H. BERRY, CaliforniaDesert Plan Program,Bureau of 14 1 mi N of Newberry; EIA See. 20, TllN, R6E, Cave Land Management,1696Spruce, Riverside, Calif. 92507 Mtn Quadrangle,USGS; 35ø02'N,116ø22•W. Continu- ity: New. Size: 21.5 ha = 53.1 acres.Description of Plot: 168. ARCTIC LOW FOOTHILLS TUNDRA. -- Part of the streambedand floodplain of the Mojave Location:Alaska; North SlopeBorough, 5 km WSW of R•ver; includesmarsh with intermittentlyflowing stream Atkasook; 70•27'N, 157ø19'W; Meade River Quad- m S part of plot and adjacent higher and more arid rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 25.0 ha = 61 8 ground with saltbush,Tamarisk, and other shrubstyp- acres(rectangular, surveyed and gridded).Description of real of alkali sink habitatsin the N half. Four 100-pace Plot: Locatedwithin 1.5 km of the Meade River on gently toe-point transcotswere made to determinesubstrata, undulatingterrain; a mosaicof ponds,shallow lakes, old percentcover and speciescomposition. The substrata river coursesinterspersed with polygonizedground. were composedof 49.1% bare ground, 21.9% plant While nearbyriver bluffs reachheights to 10 meters,ver- stems,19.4% litter, 6.8% small rocks (< •2in), and2.8% tical relief on plot itself is lessthan 2 m. Microtopog- large rocks (> 2 in). The ground and canopycover of raphy controlledby interactionsof permafrost,seasonal perennialshrub, rush, and grassspecies averaged 36.5%; thaw-freezecycle and drainagepatterns which result in •t wascomposed of 31.1% Tamarisk(Tamarix aphylla, T. heavily polygonizedground. Extensivenetwork of low aralensis, T. parvifolia, T. ramosissima),22.1% Three- center polygonswith rim heightsup to 40 cm. Trough square(Scirpus americanus), 20.7% Salt Grass(Distich~ depthsof high centerpolygons up to 1 m. 5.3 ha (21% of hs spicata), 15.2% Quail Brush (Atriplex lentiformis), total) in pond or lake. Immediately after snow melt, 3 4% Cattail (Typha angustifolia),2.7% unid. bulrush water cover up to 51% of total area becauseof poor (Sctrpussp.), 2.7% Arrowweed(Pluchea sericea), and les- drainage. Most water depthsoutside of pondsor lakes ser amountsof Allscale(.4. polycarpa),and Mesquite under 20 cm; later up to at least 1 m, maximum probably (Prosopisglandulosa vat. torreyana,P. pubescens).The under 1.5 m. Vegetation:Plot within the arcticflor•stic compositionof perennialsis 24.4% Tamarisk,20.9% Salt zone3 of Young (1971,Contr. Gray Herb., 201: 11-115) Grass, 10.3% Quailbrush, 9.2% Three-square,7.2% Vegetationmosaic closely controlled by microtopography Honey Sweet (Tidestromia oblongifolia), 5.7% Arrow- of polygonizedground. Sedges, particularly Carex aqua- weed,4.9% Allscale,4.3% unid. Scirpussp., and lesser tills and C. chordorrhiza dominate wetter micros•tes, amounts of Cattail, Sea Putslane (Sesuvium verru- along with several moss species(e.g., Sphagnum sp, cosurn),Thurber SandpaperPlant (Petalonyzthurberi), Drepanocladussp.); semi-bogsa mixture of sedges(esp Desert Holly (.4. hymenelytra),Inkweek (Suaedafruti- Rubuschaemaemorus), and prostratewoody forms (Sahx cosa),Com. Reed (Phragmitesaustralis), Alkali Golden- pulchra, Betula nana, and Ledurn decumbens). Drier bush (Haplopappusacradenius), Cottontop Cactus (Ech- siteswith graminoids,particularly Eriophorum vagtna- mocactuspolycephalus) and Jimsonweed(Datura mete- turn in tussocks,C. bigelowii, and Poa spp., as well as lotdes).The plot receiveslittle human use; however,off- lichens (e.g., Alectoria sp. and Cetraria sp.), woody road vehicles(motorcycles) are developingtrails that plants (Vacciniurn vitis-idaea, Salix phlebophylla, crossthe centerof the plot, individualtracks criss-cross Ledurndecumbens), and herbs(Dryas integrifolia, Pedtc- the marsh and adjacentfloodplain. Edge: Boundedon ularis capitata). Pond margins and lake edgesgrade the NW by a smallhill 160 ft high, on the NE by railroad sharplyfrom open water through emergentstands of tracks, on the SE and W by similar habitat, and on the S Arctophilafulva to Carexaquatilis marsh. The vegeta- by a steep,rocky 800 ft high slopeof the Cady Mtns. tion is of uniformlylow stature; maximum vegetation Topography:Two levels,separated by a bank 6 to 10 ft in heightrecorded averaged 20 cm. (Samplingconsisted of height; the lowerlevel (S) containsthe marshand inter- 800 rectangles40x80 cm on a 1-km transectalong the m•ttent stream and the higher level (N) has the longaxis of the plot; otherresults of thissampling will be Tamarisk-Saltbush association. Elevation: 1340 ft. reported more fully next year.) Edge: Continuation of Weather: A seriesof late cold fronts during May kept similarhabitat. Elevation: 50 ft. Weather:Average June temperatureslower than normal.Skies were mostly clear. temperature4.4 ø C (=40 ø F), a departureof 0.5øCabove Temperatures60-75øF, with light to moderateW winds. the 1975-6-7 average(only years data available).Snow
Volume 32, Number 1 115 melt completeon plot by JuneS Weatherdata from sta- for logisticsupport, and the NSF Researchon Arctic tion 2 km to westmaintained by Naval Arctic Research Tundra EnvironmentsProgram for accessto their Atka- Laboratoryand U.S. Army Cold RegionsResearch and sook facilities. --J. P. MYERS, L. E. STENZEL, and EngineeringLaboratory. Coverage: Jtme 7-9, 11-12, 14, 17.A. PITELKA, Museum of VertebrateZoology, Umv 19-20,25; July3; concentratedduring morning hours but of Cal•, Berkeley,Calif 94720. also in afternoon.Total man-hours:60.5. Census:Lap- land Longspur,24 (96, 39); SemipalmatedSandpiper, 10 169. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA I. -- Loca- (40, 16); Red Phalarope,9 (36, 15) (nestingmales); W. tion: Alaska;North SlopeBorough, 3 km due S of Naval Sandpiper,7 (28, 11); Oldsquaw,5 (20, 8); Pectoral Arctic Research Laboratory, Barrow; 71ø18'N, 156ø Sandpiper,3.5 (14,6) (nestingfemales); Dunlin, 3 (12, 5); 42'W; BarrowQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Estab- Long-billedDowitcher, 2; Willow Ptarmigan,1.5; Black- lished 1975; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 33.0 ha = 81 4 belhed Plover, 1.5; Pintail, 1; SavannahSparrow, 0.5; acres. Description of Plot: See AB 29:1135 (1975) Arctic Loon, +; King Eider, +; Am. Golden Plover, +; Weather: AverageJune temperature 34.1øF(departure ParasiticJaeger, +; GlaucousGull, +; Arctic Tern +. from normal +1.1ø),range, 26ø-43 ø. Averagewind speed Total: 18 species68 territorial males or females (272/ = 10.4mph. Weatherdata from NOAA, Barrow,Alaska, km2, 110/100 acres). Visitors: Ruddy Turnstone, N. 3 km to west.Light winter snowcombined with a warm Phalarope.See AB 29:1135re calculationof Pectoral periodin earlyJune (days 1 to 13 averaged4 ø above nor- Sandpiper density; 6.5 males defended territories mal) produceda rapid melt-off: 50% snowfree by June5, throughJune, totals calculated using Pectoral male den- clear by June 9, comparedto clearingdates of June 12 sitiesinstead of female:18 species;71 territorial malesor and 14 in 1975 and 1976, respectively.Early melt, warm females(284/km 2, 115/100 acres).Remarks: This census temperaturesand clear skiestogether caused dry ttmdra contrastssharply with our two wet coastalplain tundra conditionsby late June,when water depthsand soilmois- sitesnear Barrow(100 km north)both in speciesnumber ture reachedlevels normally encounteredonly by late and overall density. Much of the difference in diversity July.Coverage: May 30; June3, 6, 8-9, 12, 19, 24, 28, July appearsto resultfrom the presenceof additionalhabitat 3, 6, 13. Most censuses0800-1200 but manyspread over typeswithin the plot. Associatedwith its lake edgeand restof day.Total man-hours:41. Census:Lapland Long- largeponds are Arctic Loons, Glaucous Gulls, and Arctic spur, 12 (36, 16); SemipalmatedSandpiper, 7.5 (23, 9), Terns The first two of thesebreed in the Barrowregion, Dunlin, 6.5 (20, 8); Red Phalarope,3 (9, 4); Am. Golden but not on our studyplots there which lack comparable Plover,2; Baird'sSandpiper, 2; SnowBunting, 1.5, Pro- habitat. Black-belliedPlovers may be respondingto the tail, 1; W. Sandpiper,1; SavannahSparrow, +. Total: 10 presenceof higher topographic features, especially species;36.5 territorial malesor females(111/km •, 45/ exposedand barrenlichen ridges; this habitat is much 100 acres).Visitors: Oldsquaw, Ruddy Turnstone,Para- more extensive around Atkasook than at Barrow. Willow sitic Jaeger.Remarks: As in our previouscensuses, we Ptarmigan use the extensiveEriophorum vaginaturn calculateddemities of PectoralSandpipers as the num- tussock and willow cover here that is unavailable in the ber of incubatingfemales (see AB 29:1135).This year no Barrow area. With other species,particularly the Long- femalesnested on or near the plot, but neverthelesssev- billed Dowitcherand W. Sandpiper(both marginal Bar- eral malesdefended territories, averaging 2.5 territories row breeders),the picture is less clear. Although the on the plot (7.5/100 ha). Totalscalculated using number speciesdiscussed above contribute to speciesnumber, of Pectoralmales instead of femaleswould be: 11 species, raising it substantiallyabove the Barrow total, they 45 territorial males or females (135/km 2, 55/100 acres) accountfor only 30% of the increaseddensity. Most of Fewerbirds of fewerspecies bred in 1977 comparedto the latter is due to LaplandLongspurs, reaching a level 1975 or 1976,falling from 13 speciesat 159/km2 (1975) of almost one territory per hectare. This representsa and 13 speciesat 167/km2 (1976). Part of this decline, 2.7-foldincrease over the Barrowdensity, even though at particularlythat in total speciesnumber, was due to the Barrowthis year the Lapland Longspurwas the most absenceof lemmingpredators (jaegers and owls).Brown commonbreeder. Semipalmated Sandpipers also show Lemmingswere rare this year,their densityestimated to an increaseover Barrow numbers, rising almost twofold. lie below 1/ha comparedto 5/ha and 60/ha in 1975and Severalfactors at Atkasookprobably contribute to these 1976, respectively.But the large drop in breedingbird increases,including more extensiveupland habitat jux- density,33% belowthe 1975-76 average,was produced taposedwith ponds,higher vegetation stature, warmer by decreasesin Red Phalarope (1975-76 average= 35 temperaturesduring nesting,earlier melt-off, and a incubatingmales/kmD and the failure in PectoralSand- longerseason. However, we have no datapresently which pipers(1975-76 average= 36 incubatingfemales/km :) testthe relativeimportance of thesevariables. It is inter- Low densitiesof thesetwo speciesmay haverelated to dry estingto notethat the reversesituation holes during the tundraconditions, as bothspecies prefer wetter foraging post-breedingseason prior to fall departurefrom the arc- sites. However, the tundra's dryness did not become tic Barrowdensities and diversityare muchhigher than apparentuntil after breedingbirds had settled;standing those attained around Atkasook. Mammals: 1-2 caribou water and complete saturation prevailed through the grazeddaily on the plots,as did brownletomings in low springrun-off in mid-June,by which time most nesting density.Nests located(number successfullyhatched in had commenced.Early melt-off meansearly availability parentheses):Arctic Loon, 1 (1); Pintail, 1 (0); Willow of breedinghabitat on the coastalplain generallyand as Ptarmigan, 1 (0); Black-belliedPlover, 1 (1); Pectoral a result,less coastwise pile-up of birds attemptingto set- Sandpiper,2 (2); Dunlin, 2 (2); SemipalmatedSand- fie; hencethe dropin density.In general,we believethat piper,2 (2); W. Sandpiper,2 (2); Red Phalarope,2 (2); the timing of melt-off in coastalvs. interior areas,and Lapland Longspur,4 (3). This work was fundedby the the timing of arrival of settlingbirds in relationto these ERDA as part of a studyof shorebirdecology. We thank areas, may be the over-ridingfactor in determiningset- the Naval Arctic ResearchLaboratory, Barrow, Alaska, tling densities.Other changes: Am. Golden Plovers
116 AmericanBirds, January 1978 nested•n higher densityover the Barrow area than in throughJune Totals calculatedusing Pectoral male den- 1975 or 1976 (6/kin • comparedto a 1975-76average of sities: 11 species;32 territorial males or females (119/ 3 8/km•). Western Sandpiperswere also more common, km2, 48/100 acres).As in the precedingcensus, total spe- w•th one of six known local nestson the plot in contrast cies number and total densities are down from 1975 (12 to none found near Barrow during the past two years. spp, 143/kin2) and 1976(15 spp, 148/kin2) figures. Much The presenceof Pintailsreflects an area-wideincrease in of the declineis owing to the failure of Pectoral Sand- dabblingducks, perhaps from drought-affectedregions pipersand reductionin Red Phalaropebreeding (aver- to the south.Mallard, Green-wingedTeal, and N. Show age 1975-76 densities= 28/kin • and 39/kin•, respec- der wereseen regularly this summerat Barrowand other tively). In past yearsthis plot has also supportedmany Arctic coastallocalities even though they normallyare Steller'sEider (1975-76 average= 16.7/kin•) and a few infrequentvisitors to the Barrowregion. Pintails were the Oldsquaw(1.9/km•), neither of which bred here this most common of these invaders (see Census 170 re other year. (Oldsquawsmay havenested in the Barrow area •n duck species).Nests located (number successfully low density;Steller's Eider did not). Pintailshad not bred hatched in parentheses):Pintail, 1 (0); Am. Golden hereduring prior censuses;the one nestreflects an area- Plover,1 (1); PectoralSandpiper, 0; Dunlin, 5 (4); Semi- wide increasein dabblingducks (seepreceding census) palmatedSandpiper, 9 (7); W. Sandpiper,1 (1); Baird's Other changes:No letoming predators; increases•n Sandpiper,1 (1); Red Phalarope,3 (3); Lapland Long- SemipalmatedSandpiper (1975-76 average= 6.5/km2), spur,4 (4); SnowBunting, 1 (0). This workwas funded by Am. Golden Plover (1975-76 average= 4.6/km•), and the ERDA as part of a studyof shorebirdecology. We Baird's Sandpiper(bred before only as + in 1976) The thank the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory, Barrow, large increasein theseshorebirds combined with smaller Alaska, for logistic support. --J. P. MYERS, R. A. changesin Dunlin and Ruddy Turnstonepartially offset ERICKSON, and F. A. PITELKA, Museum of Ver- a declinein overallshorebird breeding effort causedby tebrateZoology, Univ. of Calif, Berkeley,Calif. 94720. Pectoral and Red Phalaropedecreases (70 shoreb•rds/ 170. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA II. -- Loca- km• in 1977 rs. 101/kin•, averagefor 1975-76).Lapland tion: Alaska; North SlopeBorough, 3 km SSW of Naval Longspursalso increased markedly from a 1975-76aver- Arctic Research Laboratory, Barrow; 71ø18'N, 156ø age of 19/kin 2. Many of the speciesshowing increases 43'W, Barrow Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- prefer drier habitatsthan the two sufferingthe greatest hshcd 1975; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 27.0 ha = 66.7 decreases.Lapland Longspur, Am. Golden Plover, acres Description of Plot: See AB 29:1135-6 (1975). Baird'sSandpiper, as well as Dunlin and Sem.ipalmated Weather: See Census169. Coverage:May 30; June 3, 6, Sandpiper,all utilize roesicand dry areasmore heavily 12, 19, 24, 28; July3, 6, 12; 0800-1300with severalafter- than either PectoralSandpipers or Red Phalaropes,yet noon visits. Total man-hours: 49. Census: Lapland throughoutthe settlingperiod for nestingbirds the tun- Longspur,10 (37, 15);Dunlin, 7 (26, 10);Semipalmatcd dra was largely saturated, and in fact unusuallyh•gh Sandpiper,3.5 (13, 5); Am. GoldenPlover, 3 (11, 5); Red densitiesof Am. Golden Plovers already were noted •n Phalarope, 2 (nesting males); Ruddy Turnstone, 1.5; the first 3 days of June, i.e., before melt-off See Baird's Sandpiper, 1.5; Pintail, 1 (nesting female); precedingcensus for additionalcomment. Nests located Long-billedDowitcher, +; SnowBunting, +. Total: 10 (numbersuccessfully hatched in parentheses):Pintad, 1 species;29.5 territorial malesor females(109/kin •, 44/ (0); Am. Golden Plover, 3 (2); Pectoral Sandpiper, 0, 100 acres).Visitors: Oldsquaw, N. Phalarope,Parasitic Dunlin, 2 (2); SemipalmatedSandpiper, 2 (1); Ba•rd's Jaeger.Remarks: See preceding census re calculationof Sandpiper,1 (1); Red Phalarope,2 (1); Lapland Long- Pectoral Sandpiper density.Although none nested on spur,4 (4). Thiswork was funded by the ERDA aspart of this plot an averageof 2.5 males defendedterritories a studyof shorebirdecology. We thank the Naval Arctic
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Volume 32, Number 1 117 ResearchLaboratory, Barrow, Alaska, for logisticsup- port. --J. P. MYERS, W. D. SHUFORD, and E A. PITELKA, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley,Calif. 94720. 171. WET COASTAL TUNDRA I. -- Location: Alaska; Cape Krusenstern, $$ km NW of Kotzebue; 67ø7'11'N, 163ø42'31'W;Noatak (A-4) Quadrangle, USGS. Continulty: New. Size: 29.75 ha = 73.5 acres(rec- tangular, 350 x 850 m, surveyedand gridded at 50 m intervals).Description of Plot: Crossedby a seriesof approximately13 parallel low ridges(up to 2 m above I I troughs)of gravelformed as former oceanbeaches. One I I pond(area = I ha), partiallyin plot, plus manyshallow I I water troughs,mainly with emergentvegetation. Ridge vegetation,in decreasingorder of area covered:lichens I I (severalspecies), Crowharry (Empetrum nigrum), Dwarf , QUESTERS' Birch(Betula nana), Willow (Salix,several species), moss I I (severalspecies), Potentilia villosa, River Beauty(Epilo- biumlatifolium). Dominant emergent in troughsis Carex I' WORLD OF I, aquatilis, with other sedges(Carex), willow (Salix) and I grasses(Arctagrostis !atifolia and others). Other wet areasare mainly Dwarf Birch, willow, mosssedges and , NATURE ' grasses.By area, open water covers5%, dry ridges53%, I I emergent vegetation20% and other wet tundra 22%. Edge: Similar beach ridge tundra continueson three I' TOURS I sides;to the W, the presentocean beach is 200 m from I I the plot. Topography: Flat tundra, a seriesof beach ridgesbetween the oceanand a large brackishlagoon. I I Maximum elevation8 m (25 ft.); higherland (morethan I "Naturetour" has aspecial meaning when I 100 m) beginning 7 km inland. Weather: June was [ professionalyoutravel withtravel Questers. company Wearespecializing the only unusuallydear and dry; averagetemperature (mean of I exclusivelyinnature tours. daily maxima and minima) was 5.2øC (41.3øF).Tem- [ Ourapproach inplanning Worldwide peraturerange -3.3 to 17.8øC(26 to 64øF).Total rainfall [ broadestNatureTourspossible is toopportunityprovide youof experienc- with the 0.28 in. Snowcover less than 10% by May 28. Coverage: [ ingfor yourself thenatural history and June 3, 8, 14, 19, 23, 28; July 3, 9, 14, 19; 0400-1600. [ cultureofeach area we explore. With the Total man-hours:31. Census:Savannah Sparrow, 13 (44, [ leadershipof an accompanying naturalist, 18);Lapland Longspur, 8.5 (29, 12);N. Phalarope,5 (17, wesearch outthe plants andanimals, birds, 7); Semipalmated Sandpiper, 2.5; W. Sandpiper, 2; [ andflowers... rainforests, mountains, and I Long-billedDowitcher, 2; redpoll,2; Willow Ptarmigan, I tundra...seashore, lakes,and swamps of 1; Am. Golden Plover, 1; PectoralSandpiper, 1; Red- ] theregions wevisit. We also study the ar- throated Loon, 0.5; Oldsquaw,0.5; Com. Snipe, 0.5; chitecture, archaeology,museum collec- Black-belliedPlover, +. Total: 14 species;39.5 territorial I tions,temples, and customsof the people. I males or females (153/km 2, 54/100 acres). Visitors: Pin- ] Thecurrent Directory ofWorldwide tail, Sandhill Crane, Whimbrel, Dunlin, Parasitic Jae- [ NatureTours describes 32tOurs varying in ger, Long-tailed Jaeger, Com. Raven. Remarks: • allylengthevery from part4to of36 thedays world. and goingIncluded tovirtu- are Although Parasitic and Long-tailed Jaegersdid not [ Mexico,Peru, Hawaii, Alaska, Ladakh, Sri appear to nest in the area, both specieswere present [ Lanka,GalapagOs, Patagonia, Iceland, Scot- throughoutthe breedingseason. Mammalian predators [ land,and Switzerland. Tour parties are presentwere Arctic and Red Foxes.No microtineswere small,the pace leisureh,4 anditineraries observed.This work was supportedby BLM and NOAA I unusual. I as part of the Outer ContinentalShelf Environmental [ Callor write Questers orsee your Travel AssessmentProgram (OCSEAP). --PETER G. and [ Agenttoday foryour free copy ofthe Direc- CAROLYN S. CONNORS, Bodega Marine Laboratory, [ toryofWorldwide NatureTours. Univ. of Calif., BodegaBay, Calif. 94923. 172. WET COASTAL TUNDRA II, -- Location: I I Alaska; 4 km (2.5 mi) N of Cape Prince of Wales; I I 65038'N,167ø04'W; Teller Quadrangle(C-7) USGS.Con- I . I tinulty: New. Size: 25 ha = 61.78 acres(250 m x I kin, I ,••:• I surveyedand griddeal).D•scripti•m of Plot: Dominant I I ground cover (approximatepercentages for vegetated I Questers Tours I area only):Sedge (Carex) 55%, moss25%, willow(Salix) I ANDTRAVEL, INC. I 5%, crowberry(Empetrum nigrum) 5%, and lichens5%. I Dept.AB -178, 257 Park Avenue South Water cover = 12070,including 5 lakes averaging30 m I NewYork,N.Y. 10010; (212)673-3120 I width, 13 small pondsaveraging 2 m across,and minor l--ramm•mmmm mmm mmm mmmmmm mm m m mmm --I areasof flooding.Edge: Borderedon all sidesby similar tundra. Topography:Flat, with I m ridgesseparating 2
118 AmericanBirds, January 1978 wet areasof low groundfrom 2 moist areasof higher ground. Elevation: Less than 50 ft. Weather: Cool and DROOL OVER THIS I windy.Average June temperature3.6'C (38.4øF);Tem- peraturerange -1.7ø to 12.8øC(29 ø to 5SøF).Coverage: Don't read any further if you're a lukewarm birder June 15, 20, 25, 30; July 7, 10, 15, 20; 1100-1700.Total who wouldn't care about missing a new North man-hours:45.5. Census:Western Sandpiper, 17 (68, American record a few railes from your home. Or if you would give up a Harpy Eagle for your life- 28); Dunlin, 5 (20, 8); Lapland Longspur,2; Pintail, 1; list because it might delay your break_fast. But if Oldsquaw,1; Long-billedDowitcher, 1; Red Phalarope, you really love birds and want to see as many as 1, N. Phalarope,1. Total: 8 species;29 territorial males humanly possible on your precious vacations, or females (116/km 2, 47/100 acres). Visitors: Red- BIRD BONANZAS 1978tours may be a temptation throatedLoon, Arm Golden Plover,Pectoral Sandpiper, you won't be able to resist. ParasiticJaeger, Glaucous Gull, Arctic Tern. Remarks: Our leaders are field birding geniuses who know Nestsfound: WesternSandpiper 15, Dunlin 4, Pintail 1, the most about each area we tour so that you can Oldsquaw1, Long-billedDowitcher 1, Red Phalarope1, find the maximum number of birds. After each tour participants write statements like, "The lead- N. Phalarope 1, Lapland Longspur 1. Reindeer herds ership was super-excellent-there couldn't have trampled or disturbedseveral nests in early July. No been a leader who knows the area and the birds microtineswere seen on the plot. We thank Polar better." ResearchLaboratories for supplyingus with weather data. This work was supportedby BLM and NOAA as part of the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental AssessmentProgram (OCSEAP). -- KATHERINE HIRSCH and DOUG WOODB Y. Bodega Marine lab- oratory,Univ. of Calif., BodegaBay, Calif. 94923. 173. OLD FIELD. -- Location:Pennsylvania; Schuyl- kill Co., 1 mi SW of Welshample;40ø41'N, 76ø27'W, Tremont Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 7.11 ha = 17.58 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 28:1053 (1974). Weather: B•n gin9, author of " Field Guide to the Birds of Cool to moderatelywarm with temperatures$2ø-76øF. Southeast Asia," is legendary as a field birder. He Most count days were clear with some early morning will lead the TOUR-OF-?HE-YgAR to INDIA, haze;one wascloudy with light rain. Coverage:May 26; •ollowed by CEYLON, the most extensive tour ever of that subcontinent, with 600 species ex- June 1-2, 15. 20-21, 28; July 1; 0535-0845,Total man- pected, includ3ng many rarities. hours: 8. Census:Field Sparrow, 16 (225, 91); Com. Yellowthroat,6 (84, 34); Indigo Bunting, 4 (56, 23); B•n will also lead our Alaska tour again in 1978. Species recorded on the last tour included Brown Rufous-sided Towhec, 4; House Wren. 3 (42. 17); Shrike, Red-throated Flycatcher, Dusky Warbler, Yellow-breastedChat, 2; Cardinal, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Common Rose Finch, Indian Tree Pipit, Dusky Gray Catbird, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; •"nrush, Whiskered Auklet, Ross' and Ivory Gulls, Golden-wingedWarbler. 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; Common,Wood and Sharp-tailed Sandpipers,Mon- Yellow Warbler, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Am. Robin, golian Plover, Bean Goose and Laysan Albatross. Many others not mentioned would make most +; E. Bluebird,+; Red-wingedBlackbird, +; N. Oriole, birders drool +; ScarletTanager, +; SongSparrow, +. Total: 21 spe- cies; 45 territorial males or females (633/km 2, 256/100 $ta•an Hiiw, a nootropieal birding legend, will lead tours to CO$•A RICA, COLOMBIA and VENE- acres).Visitors: Mourning Dove, Com. Flicker, Downy ZUgLA. Birds like Quetzals,Harpy Eagles,Horned Woodpecker,Blue Jay, Cedar Waxwing, Chipping Spar- Screamersand Umbrellabirdsare seen regularly row. -- ROLAND BERGNER, 1252 Barley Corn on our tours. Square,Harrisburg, Pa. 17112. ten Robinson.a top Australian field man, led a tour 174. ORCHARD GRASS-TIMOTHY FIELD. -- for us that recorded 495 species. In 1978 he will Lecatlon: Pennsylvania;Washington Co., 2.5 mi WSW lead our tours to AUSTRALIA and NEW GUINEA. of intersection of Routes 136 and 917; 40'12'lZ'N, 80' Oo• Turner.one of East Africa's leading field bird- 03'06'W, HackettQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. era, will lead our tour to KENYA; then one to Size:.12.68 ha = 31.34 acres(irregular, roughly 1300 X MADAGASCAR, where Don has the highestlist. 10.50ft, entire perimeter measuredwith steel tape and We also have great tours wtih great leaders to Bruntoncompass). Description of Plot: There are three ISRAEL, FLORIDA, ARIZONA-NEW MEXICO, smallclumps of Black CherryOørunus serotins); 90% of Zaire and a Dry TortugasBoat trip. And we will the field is Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) and be Operating the ABA tours to Costa Rica and Timothy (Phleumpratense). Other dominantspecies are Surinarm Red Clover (Trifolium pratense),goldenrod (Solidago Don't just drool Don't sit there passivelydream- ap.), Ironweed(Vernonia sp.), blackberry(Rubus sp.), ing of the great birdsothers are actuallyseeing and Upright Cinquefoil(Potentilia recta). Edge: Sur- on BIRD BONANZAS tours. See them yourself. rounded on all sides except the S by second-growth Write us for detailed information about the tours that interest you most. woodland.To the S the field is boundedby a narrow bandof treeswhich divides it from an overgrownpasture. Topography:Divided approximatelyin half by a N-S Bird Bonanzas trendingridge, this creating E and W facing slopesof 12550 BiscayneBoulevard, Suite 501 9-10 ø. Elevation: 1100-1220 ft. Weather: Rain on 1, North Miami, Florida 33181 cloudyon 5 of 15 trips. Coverage:May 29-30; June 1-3,
Volume32, Number 1 119 THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION ANNOUNCES A SALE OF BACK ISSUES OF 'THE AUK AND THE A.O.U. ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS BackIssues ofTHE AUK: Most of theavailable back issues of THE AUK will be sold at a 70% discount. Rarer issueswill not be discountedbut still may be purchasedat current prices while supplieslast. For further information and a copy of the price list contact Dr. Joel Cracraft, Treasurer A.O.U., Depart- ment of Anatomy, University of Illinois at the Medical Center, P.O. Box 6998, Chicago, Illinois 60680. A.O.U. OrnithologicalMonographs: All available A.O.U. Ornitho- logicalMonographs published prior to 1977 (includingNos. 1-3, 5-7, 9-21) will be sold at discountsof 20% (with the purchase of 1 to 4 monographs),30% (purchaseof 5 to 9 monographs), and 40% (purchaseof 10 or more). For further information and a copy of the price list see the January 1978 AUK or write Dr. Glen E. Woolfenden, Assistant to the Treasurer A.O.U., Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. BOTH SALES WILL END 31 DECEMBER 1978. SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERN- ING THE A.O.U. ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES The A.O.U.is proud to announce thepublication, in early 1978, of the Monograph Ecologyand Behaviorof the Prairie Warbler,Dendroica discolor by Val Nolan Jr. Over 600 pageslong, with 188 tables and 42 figures(including a color frontispiece), this monumentalwork constitutesthe most comprehensivestudy of a single speciesof bird ever published. Its complete index, extensive cross-referencing,and thoroughly quantitative ap- proach will make it an indispensablereference work for all studentsof vertebrate life history. The imaginative approach of the author and his careful analysisof hundredsof life history phenomenawill surely be a strong impetus to researchby amateur and professionalalike. For a limited time, prior to 1 March 1978, this hardcoverbook will be offeredat a specialreduced pre-publication price of •27.•0 includingpostage. After that date the price will be •29.50 plus postage. Pre-paid orders should be sent to Dr. Glen E. Woolfenden at the above address.
120 AmericanB•rds, January 1978 7-8, 10-11, 16, 22, 24, 28; 0600-2100.Total party-hours. wlngedswere observed,compared to 33 last year -- 20 25. Census:Henslow's Sparrow, 10 (79, 32); Field DALE BIRKENHOLZ. Illinois State Univ., Normal, Ill Sparrow,4 (32, 13); Red-wingedBlackbird, 3 (24, 10); 61761. GrasshopperSparrow, 3; E. Meadowlark, 2; Brown- 177. ANNUAL GRASSLAND. -- Loeatlon: Cahfor- headed Cowbird, 1; Savannah Sparrow, 1; Sharp- nia;Orange Co., 7 mi E of SanJuan Capistrano, Starr shinnedHawk, +; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Am. Kestrel, +; RanchAudubon Sanctuary; N sideof S PreuskerRd, Chimney Swift, +; Barn Swallow, +; Corn. Crow, +; 1.3 mi from Bell CanyonRd.; 33ø3ffN,117ø31'W, Can- Com Grackle, +; Indigo Bunting,+. Total: 15 species; ada GobernadoraQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New 24 territorial males or females (189/km 2, 77/100 acres). Size: 12.6 ha = 31.13 acres(rectangular, 315 X 400 m, Visitors:Ring-necked Pheasant, Rock Dove, Mourning measuredwith steel tape). Description of Plot:The dom- Dove, Corn. Flicker, Red-belliedWoodpecker, Brown inantplant forms are native and introduced grasses, as a Thrasher,E. Bluebird,Starling, Corn. Yellowthroat, Am. wholeextremely dense with an averageheight of 50 cm. Goldfinch. Remarks: The plot, located in a sectionof A stemcounting-random point sample technique yielded Mmgo Creek Co. Park closedto the public, had beena the followingdensities: Oats (Arena spp.) 42%, Brome hayfielduntil 1972. It hasbeen mowed irregularly by the Grass(Bromus spp.) 12% and Needle Grass (Stipa spp ) park sincethat time. SinceHenslow's Sparrows had been seen and heard in this field in 1975 and 1976 and since 46%.Grasses of the genusHordeurn were present but not in anygreat number. Sa•a is the onlynative grass On the quality of hay is extremelypoor, park officialshad two hectaresDecorative Artichoke (Cynara carduncu- beenprevailed upon to foregomowing until later in the lus)is intermixedwith grasses. Less than one-fourth of a fall A GrasshopperSparrow nest containing four eggs hectareis coveredby threepatches of PricklyPear Cac- was found. Thanks to members of the Audubon Society tus (Opuntiaspp.) growing in the NE corner.Two of Western Pennsylvaniafor their help and to Wash- shrubs,Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) and Laurel ragtonCo. commissionersand park officialsfor their Sumac(Rhus laurina) grow in the largestof the three cooperation.Special thanks to Glen Phillipsfor hisinval- cactuspatches. Edge: Surrounded bysimilar grasslands uable advice and assistance. -- LORINDA M. on threesides and on the fourthby riparianwoodlands RICHARDSON, ROGER V. and MARGARET A. Topography:Part of a marineterrace that bordersa can- HIGBEE (compilers),219 Blue Jay Drive, Canonsburg, Pa 1531 Z yon.Ten hectaresare fiat and the remainingportion slopes45 ø. Elevation:800 if. Weather:April was 175. ABANDONED FIELD. -- Location: Maryland; unseasonablyhot and May wasunseasonably wet Pre- PrinceGeorge's Co., Accokeek,Piscataway Park, Poto- cipitationmeasured 2.49 in. 2.34in. fellduring the first mac River, 3 mi W intersectionof Rte 210 and Bryan Pt 10 daysof May. The hightemperature was 85øand the Rd, 38ø41'N,77ø4'W, Mr. VernonQuadrangle, USGS. low was 39øF; averagehigh 68ø, averagelow 44øF Continuity:Established 1972; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: (temperaturesfrom Starr RanchAudubon Sanctuary 6 07 ha = IS acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 26:995- Headquarters,2 mi N). Coverage:April 9-10, 14-15, 996 (1972). Weather: The summerwas cool and dry. 23-24,29-30; May 7, 14-15,20; 0430-1930,PST. Total Coverage:April 28; May 2, 6, 9, 12, 17, 22, 30; June4, man-hours:47. Census:Grasshopper Sparrow, 8 (64, 12, July 3; 0650-1035,Total man-hours:22. Census: 26);W. Meadowlark,4 (32, 13);Anna's Hummingbird, FieldSparrow, 6 (99, 40); Corn. Yellowthroat, S(82, 33); 2; CactusWren, 1; BrownTowhee, 1. Total: 5 species,16 IndigoBunting, 4 (66,27); Bobwhite, 2; Yellow-breastedterritorial males (127/km:, 51/100 acres). Visitors: Chat,2; Cardinal,2; BlueGrosbeak, 2; Am. Goldfinch, White-tailed Kite, Ash-throated Flycatcher, Black 2, SongSparrow, 2; E. Kingbird,1; White-eyedVireo, 1; Phoebe,Black-chinned Sparrow. Remarks: A Cactus Prairie Warbler, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 13 Wren nestwith 2 eggswas located. The White-tailed Kite species;31 territorialmales or females(Sll/km 2, 207/ wasseen foraging on 9 differentdays. -- THOMASE 100 acres).Remarks: Nest found: Field Sparrow.Car- LaROCQUE,2502 Del Arno Blvd., Lakewood,Cahf, ohna Wren and E. Meadowlark did not nest this year. 90712. Corn Yellowthroat increasedfrom 3 territorial males to S andtwo newspecies utilized the plot:White-eyed Vireo 178. ANNUAL GRASSLAND. -- Location: Califor- and PrairieWarbler. Other populationlevels remained nia; RiversideCo., 2.2 mi N of LakeviewP.O. on E side stable. -- LEONARD TEUBER and M. KATHLEEN of DavisRoad, San JacintoValley; 33ø52'N, 117ø7'W, KLIMKIEWICZ (compiler),13117 Latchdale Rd., No. 2, PerrisQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1976 Laurel, Md. 20811. Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB31 89 176. ORCHARD GRASS - TALL FESCUE (1977).Weather: Heavy overcast or rain on 4 days,other- MEADOW. -- Location: Illinois; McLean Co., 6 mi S wiseclear and warm. Coverage:May 23-24, 28-30, June Grldley;T2SN, R2E, SEY4,NW •¬, Sec.S, NormalQ, 2-5; 0715-1035,except one trip 1500-1600.Total man- IS' series,USGS. Continuity:Established 1976. Size: hours:12. Census:Burrowing Owl, 4 (49, 20); Starling, 12 1 ha = 30 acres.Deserlption of Plot: SeeAB 31:88-89 4; W. Meadowlark,3 (37, 15); LoggerheadShrike, 2, (1977).Coverage: May 27; June 14, 16-17,20; 0600-2000. Anna'sHummingbird, 1. Total: S species;14 territorial Total man-hours:10. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 19 malesor breedingfemales (173/km :, 70/100acres) Vis- (156, 63); Short-billedMarsh Wren, S (41, 17); E. itors: Marsh Hawk, Red-tailed Hawk, Golden Eagle, Meadowlark,3 (25, 10); E. Kingbird,1; Corn.Yellow- CaliforniaQuail, MourningDove, Empidonax sp., Com throat,1; Bobolink,1; Dickcissel,1; Ring-neckedPheas- Raven,Corn. Crow, Phainopepla, Red-winged Blackbird ant, +; BarnSwallow, +; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 10 Remarks: Four nestswere located:Burrowing Owl, 1 species;31 territorialmales (2SS/km:, 103/100 acres). with 2 nearlyfull-grown young and 2 eachwith 6 half- Remarks:The total population was the same as in 1976; grownyoung; Starling, 1 with4 young.-- VERNONC Short-billedMarsh Wrens appearedthis year while BLEICH and KATHLEEN M. BLEICH, 41758 Laurte Dmkcisselsdeclined from 6 to 1. Only 17 femaleRed- Lane, Hemet, Calif. 92343.
Volume32, Number 1 121 Announcing...
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(Publishers'Prices shown) 32280. THE ADVENTURE OF BIRDS. CharItohOg- 34920. THE AUDUBON SOCIETY FIELD GUIDE burn. A uniqueanswer to thequestion "Why birds?"that TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Eastern Region. umtesthe insightsof ornithologywith the poetryof the JohnBull and JohnFarrand, Jr. A breakthroughin field subject. $10.95 •uides•the first with full-colorphotos of birds in their abitat,pinpointed by shapeand color for easierfield use 87060. WHERE TO WATCH BIRDS IN EUROPE. $8 95 John Gooders.Best birding areasin 27 countries,com- pletewith descriptions,birds by season,access, accom- 64250. THE NEW HANDBOOK OF ATTRACTING modations;with maps and photoS. $10.95 BIRDS. Revised.Thomas P. McElroy,Jr. A treasuryof 36331. BIRDWATCHER'S GUIDE TO WILDLIFE informationon how to welcomehundreds of birds, feed, shelter,protect them, provide ornamentalshrubs, and SANCTUARIES. JessieKitching. Everything you need more. $8 95 to know--location,birds to expect,facilities, and more-- for a top-ratebird trip. $8.95 51935. A GUIDE TO BIRD FINDING EAST OF THE 59435. THE MAGIC OF OWLS.Jozefa Stuart.Intro. by MISSISSIPPI. 2rid Edition. Olin Sewell Pettingill, Jr AngusCameron. 200+ memorableinterpretations of the Stateby state,tells exactly where and when to find diffe- owl in art and artifact, from Michelangeloto Picassoto rentspecies. "No Baedekerfor ornithologistsis likelyto smallvillage craftsmen. Softbound. $6.95 provemore useful." --Audubon Magazine. $15.95 34910-2. THE AUDUBON SOCIETY BOOK OF HANDBOOK OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS WILD BIRDS. LesLine andFranklin Russell. A dazzling Editedby RalphS. Palmer."Destined to becomea work- v•sualcelebration of birds in all their wonders--preening, horseof professionalornithologists throughout the world •lummeting,mating, hunting, with 200 full-colorphotos and of all amateurbird watchers who do their 'watching' y theworld's best bird photographers. Counts as 2 ofyour in NorthAmerica." •atural Histor)'Magazine. 3 books. $37.50 52221-2. Vol. 1: Loonsthrough Flamingos Counts as 2 of your3 books. $30.00 86120. WATCHING BIRDS: An Introduction to Or- 52222-2. Vol 2: Waterfowl (Part 1) Countsas 2 of your 3 mthology.Roger F. PasquierEnchanting exploration of books. $30.00 thelife andway•s of birds,from anatomy to courtship, 52223-2. Vol. 3: Waterfowl(Part 2) Countsas 2 of your3 m•gration,identification, and more. $9.95 books. $30 00 42905. DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS OF NORTH 39765. A COMPLETE GUIDE TO BIRD FEEDING AMERICA. Frank C. Bellrose.A completelynew and John V. Dennis. A richly illustratedguide that tells what expandedversion of theclassic work by E H. Kortdght, birdsto expect and when, how to stockand choose the right withT. M. Shortt'sflawless plates. $15.00 bird feeder. $10 00
122 American B•rds, January 1978 ' THE A[. S()CIET• m AGuidet'*'WILD BIR • BirdFinding Eastof the /qississippi:-'
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74275. ROGER TORY PETERSON'S DOZEN BIRD- ING HOT SPOTS. George H. Harrison. A personal Birding Book Society N-A1D accountof an odysseyto America'slegendary sp.ots, Evergladesto Oregonlake country,replete with v•s•tor Riverside,New Jersey08075 tips. $9.95 Pleaseaccept my applicationfor membershipand sendme the three volumes indicated, billing me only 36641. THE BOOK OF OWLS. Lewis WayneWalker. $1 each.I agreeto purchaseat leastthree additional StY.so booksduring the first 12 monthsI am a member, underthe membershipplan describedin this ad. Savingsrange up to 30% and occasionallyeven more.My membershipis cancelableany time after 1 MEMBERSHIPBENEFITS n In additionto.g? buy thesethree books. A shippingand handling tingthree books for only$1.00 each when you join, chargeis addedto all shipments. youkeep saving substantially on the booksyou buy. n If you continuemembership past the trialperiod, 3 books for $1 each. youwill be eligiblefor our BonusBook Plan, with Indicate by number the booksyou want. savingsof at least70% off publishers'prices. n At 3-4 week intervals(15 times per year) you will receivethe BookClub News, describing the coming Main Selectionand AlternateSelections, together A few expensivebooks (noted in bookdescriptions) witha datedreply card. In addition,u.p to 4 timesa count as 2 choices. year, you may receiveoffers of specmlselections, alwaysat substantialdiscounts. n If you want the Name Main Selection,or the specialselection, do nothing and it will be sent to you automatically.n If you Address preferanother selection, or no bookat all, simply mdicateyour choice on thecard, and return it by the City datespecified. n You will have at least10 daysto decide.If becauseof latemail deliveryof the News, State Zip you shouldreceive a book you do not want, we (Offer goodin ContinentalU.S. and Canadaonly. guarantee return postage. Pricesslightly higher in Canada.)
Volume32, Number I 123 179. RESIDENTIAL AREA. -- Location: North vegetationsurvey y•elded the follow•ngresults. Trees 4 Carohna; Carteret Co., Pine Knoll Shores on Bogue in. dbh, basedon a 50% randomsampling of residential Bank, 34ø41'45"N,76ø49'W, Mansfield Quadrangle, lots, producedan averagetree densityof 20/acre, w•th a USGS Continuity:New. Size: 10.12ha = 25.0 acres(rec- total averagebasal area of 34.3ft2/acre. Species compris- tangular,1100 X 990 ft, surveyed).Description of Plot: A ing 90% of the total numberof trees:(numbers follow•ng ser•es of well-defined ridges and swales (the ridges name are Density(trees/acre), Frequency %, BasalArea vegetatedwith oak-pine forest, the swalescontaining in sq ft/acre, and ImportanceValue); Sugar Maple, 7, swampforest), now being converted to a residentialarea. 35, 17.9, 124; Box-Elder,4, 18, 4.4, 51; SilverMaple, 1, The swaleshave been filled with sand from a nearby 4, 2.4, 15; NorwayMaple, 3, 13, 29, 36; Coniferous(Nor- canal,thus destroyingthe swampforest. However, much way Spruce, Scotch Pine and White Cedar), 3, 12, 1 4, relativelyundisturbed vegetation remains on the ridges. 30; Horse Chestnut, 1, 2, 1.3, 9; Black Walnut, 1, 3, 0 5, Currently,the plot is composedof (by area): relatively 8. Average tree canopydensity is 34% (range: 20-49) undisturbedridge vegetation(oak-pine), 50.4%; pave- Averagetree height is 55 ft (estimated).Edge: Bordered ment, 15.5ø70;sparsely vegetated sand fill, 15.1%; lawns, on 4 sidesby similarmix of land useand vegetationThe 11 8%, houses, 6.8%; water, 0.4%. Weather: Tem- Waterloo CBD meets one corner of the plot. Topog- peraturesnormal, precipitation below normal. Coverage: raphy: Flat. Elevation: 1070 ft. Weather: Normal to May 12, 15, 17-18, 28, 31; June 1-2, 4, 15; 0630-0900, aboveaverage temperatures. Coverage: May 11, 26; June EDST Total man-hours: 34. Census: Cardinal, 8.5 (84, 8, 20, 27; July 5, 8; 0600-0900, or 1800-1930.Total man- 34), Com. Grackle, 7 (69, 28); Mockingbird,5.5 (54, 22); hours: 16. Census:Rock Dove, 16 (male and female)(63, CarohnaWren, 4.5 (44, 18); Mourning Dove, 4 (40, 16); 25); House Sparrow,15 (59, 24); Starling, 11 (43, 17), BlueJay, 4; Starling,2; OrchardOriole, 2; Great Crested Cardinal, 3.5 (14, 6); Am. Robin, 3 (12, 5); Blue Jay, 1, Flycatcher, 1.5; Painted Bunting, 1.5; Yellow-billed ChippingSparrow, 1; Am. Kestrel,+; Mourning Dove, Cuckoo, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; White-eyed Vireo, 1; +; Corn. Flicker, +; Black-cappedChickadee, +; Corn Rufous-sidedTowhee, 0.5. Total: 14 species;44 ter- Grackle, +; SongSparrow, +. Total: 13 species;50.5 ter- mtorml males (nests in the cases of Corn. Grackle and ritorial males or females (198/km •, 80/100 acres) Vis- Starhng) (435/km2, 176/100 acres). --JOHN 0. itors: Corn. Nighthawk,Chimney Swift. Remarks: Nests FUSSELL III, P. 0. Box 520, Morehead CiF, N.C. located; Starling, 6; House Sparrow, 10; Rock Dove, 6 28557 colonies(1 large colonydestroyed by building ownerat 180. URBAN RESIDENTIAL. -- Location: Ontario; mid-point of census).Thanks to M.S. Allen, for vegeta- Waterloo, William, King, Union Sts., CN Railway; tion description. -- G. R. DONALDSON, D F 43ø2TN, 80ø31'W,Waterloo-Kitchener West, NTS. Con- MUTRIE, Ecoplans Ltd., 544 Conestogo Rd., W tinulty: New.Size: 25.5 ha = 63 acres(square, measured Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 4E3. from map, scale1:1200). Description of Plot: Originally 181. VILLAGE RESIDENTIAL. -- Location: Ohio, developedas a residentialarea in 1875:single family, 2- Wyandot Co., on the Wcdgc of Carey; approximately story dwellings,total 234 or 3.7/acre; vacant lots, 7; 40ø57'N, 83ø23'15"W;Upper SanduskyQuadrangle, commercialbuildings, 8; multiple family dwellings,3; USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 16.19 ha = 40 acres(27 33 churches,3; school,1. Vegetation:The dominantcanopy acresof Shrine Park area; remainder,strictly residcntml treesare Sugar Maple (Acersaccharurn), Box-Elder (A. Measured by odometer,pacing, and village map inter- negundo),Silver Maple (,4. saccharinurn),and Norway pretation).Description of Plot: West of area censusedm Maple (A. plantanoides).Cultivated Blue Grassis the 1976to includeCarey Shrine area, park-like and mowed, most prominentground cover. Backlot fruit, vegetable, a pine plantation(0.8 acres);and an openarea through and flower gardens provide variety. A quantitative whichSpring Run flows.To includealso two residcntml
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124 AmericanB•rds, January 1978 sections,the northernmostextending from Clay StreetN occtdentahs)occurs at most of the prayer stations to WestFindlay Street; bounded on the E by SouthMun- Weather:Severe winter weather in January;early Spring, cie Street, and on the W by the Shrine area and local and continuinglack of rainfall into summer.Coverage: fields.The southernmostsection, a singlerow of homes, Almost daily in March, April, and May, and regularly extendsS from Clay Streeton the W sideof SouthMun- eachweek throughJune and July; irregularlyin August cieStreet to an opengrassy zone. Not includedis a grassy Total man-hours: about 65. Census: Com. Grackle, 25 field E of the Shrine area and W of the residential section (154,63); HouseSparrow, 13 (80, 33); Am. Robin, 11 (68, southof Clay Street. Artifacts includethe Shrine, prayer 28); Song Sparrow, 9 (56, 23); Starling, 8 (49, 20), stations constructed with tufa rock, shelters, and rest MourningDove, 7 (43, 18);House Wren, 6 (37, 15), Chip- rooms.Except in the pineplanting (Pinus strobus), trees ping Sparrow,6; Gray Catbird, 3 (19, 8); Cardinal, 3, are widely spaced(25-50 ft) along black-toppeddrive- Blue Jay, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Brown Thrasher, ways. Mature trees are mostlyChinese Elm; small- 1; Field Sparrow, 1. Total: 14 species;97 territorial diameterones are varieties of NorwayMaple (Acerplan- males (599/km 2, 243/100 acres). Remarks: The number tanoides).A row of NorwaySpruce (Picea abies) occurs of pairs of grackleswas made equivalentto the 25 nests along the S border, adjacentto a vegetatedrailroad believedto be occupiedrather than trying to rely on right-of-way.Along the W border three rows of ever- counts of males or females. Although cowbirdswere greens(White Cedar, Norway Spruce,Red Pine) have notedno eggswere found in nests.--A. H. CLAUGUS, beenplanted which are now about 3 ft high.Juniper lines 228S. Lake St., Carey, Ohio, 43316. a portionof one driveway,while White Cedar (Thuja
ORNITHOLIDAYS 1978 MEMBEROF BRITISHOF TRAVELTHE ASSOO,AT,ON AGENTS HOLIDAYS ORGANISED BY BIRDWATCHERS FOR BIRDWATCHERS Ceylon Australia Yugoslavia HebrideanCruise Islesof Scilly India The Seychelles Majorca Suffolk Islay Kenya Zululand S.W. Spain Norfolk New Forest. Morocco Israel Austrian Alps N. Wales Malaysia Greece Neusiedl The Farne Islands Canada Crete The Camargue The Cairngorms Turkey Romania Mull Dorset
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Volume 32, Number 1 125