Art & Architecture in Scotland: A Chronological Review (Buildings we saw, listed by period style)
Prehistoric (up to Greeks and Romans) • we saw a standing stone (MENHIR) in a soccer field; classification: NEOLITHIC (c. 2000 BC)
Ancient Greece and Rome …. (700 BC – 300 AD) EARLY CHRISTIAN/MEDIEVAL (325 AD – 800 AD)
ROMANESQUE (800 – 1150) • Dunfermline Abbey, 1072 • Paisley Abbey, original nave
GOTHIC (1150 – 1400) • Glasgow Cathedral, 1136ff • Dunblane Cathedral, 1150ff • Dryburgh Abbey, 1150ff • St Andrews Cathedral, 1158ff • Paisley Abbey, 1163ff • Dunfermline new church, 1250 • Rosslyn Chapel, 1446 • St Salvator’s Chapel, St Andrews, 1450
RENAISSANCE (1400 – 1600) • Stirling Castle (palace interior), 1500
BAROQUE (1600 – 1750) • Holyrood Palace, 1671
NEOCLASSICAL (1720 – 1820)
• Wm Adam, Hopetoun House, 1700 Malcolm greeting Margaret on her arrival in Scotland • William & Robert Adam, Mellerstain House, 1725 Detail from a mural by William Hole, 1889 • William Adam et al, Inveraray Castle, 1743 (National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh)
Gets us to 19th century . . . .
GREEK REVIVAL (1820 – 1850, inspired by Greek war of independence; Elgin Marbles) • Playfair, Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, 1822 • Playfair, Surgeons Hall, 1832 • Alexander “Greek” Thomson, St Vincent Street “Greek Church,” Glasgow, 1859 • Playfair, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh (“The Mound”), 1859 • Lynn, Paisley Town Hall, 1879 (money provided by thread mogul, Clark)
GOTHIC REVIVAL (1840 - 1880, advocated by Ruskin) [modeled by Pugin, Houses/Parliament, London; G. Scott = architect to Westminster Abbey, 1849) • Kemp, Sir Walter Scott Monument, Edinburgh, 1869 • Gilbert Scott, St Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh, 1879 • St Conan’s Kirk, 1881 • Anderson, National Portrait Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1889 • U of St Andrews buildings, e.g., St Salvator’s Hall, 1930 = “collegiate Gothic”
ROMANESQUE REVIVAL (1870-1890) • Royal Museum Building, 1866 (attached to new National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1998)
SCOTTISH BARONIAL (1820 – 1880) / Painting: Glasgow Boys / most bronze sculptures we saw = 1850-1900 • Walter Scott, Abbotsford, 1816ff • Tenements (vast apartment blocks) in Glasgow and Edinburgh
ART NOUVEAU (1885 – 1910) / Painting: Wyse and Traquair; Colorists • Mackintosh, Glasgow Art Club, 1893 • Mackintosh, Queen Street Church [orig. Free Church of St Matthew], Glasgow, 1896 • Mackintosh, Hill House, Helensburgh, 1902 • Mackintosh, Scotland Street School, 1903
BEAUX-ARTS (1895 - 1925, inspired by Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893) • Glasgow City Chambers, 1889 (eclectic “Victorian civic architecture;” inaugurated by Queen Victoria)
ART DECO (1925 – 1950, inspired by Paris World’s Fair, 1925) • Beresford Hotel, Glasgow, 1938