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Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715–1909 Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 i Libro MARSHALL.indb 1 18/11/15 17:22 ii Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 Libro MARSHALL.indb 2 18/11/15 17:22 Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715–1909 David R. Marshall «L’Erma» di Bretschneider Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 iii Libro MARSHALL.indb 3 18/11/15 17:22 Versions of some or parts of the chapters in this book have ap- Published by peared in the following publications: «L’ERMA» DI BRETSCHNEIDER ‘Farò la villeggiatura sopra la tela’: Cardinal Patrizi and Adriaen Man- glard’s vedute of the Villa Patrizi’, Burlington Magazine, vol. 144, VIA CASSIODORO 11 – 00193 Roma 2002, pp. 497–501. [email protected] ‘Reconstructing the Villa Patrizi. Part 1: the plan of the villa’, Journal of the History of Collections, 2003, pp. 31–58. ‘Reconstructing the Villa Patrizi. Part 2:‘Allegri, ma non osceni’: Cardinal © 2015 David R. Marshall Patrizi’s copies of ‘Dosso Dossi’s’ Bacchanals, Journal of the History of Collections, 2003, pp. 175–200. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- ‘Carnevale, Conversazione, and Villeggiatura: villa life in the eighteenth duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including century’, Melbourne Art Journal, no. 6, 2003, pp. 35-64. photocopy, recording, or any otherr information storage or ‘”You Wouldn’t Want to Swap it for Our Villa”: the Villa Patrizi and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the the villas of the Roman Campagna in the reign of Innocent XIII’, publisher. in Barbara Arciszewska (ed.), The Baroque Villa: suburban and country residences 1600–1800, Warsaw: Wilanów Palace Museum, 2009, pp. 245–60. Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome. Cardinal Patrizi ‘A Cardinal and His Family: the case of Cardinal Patrizi’, in M. Hol- and the Villa Patrizi 1715–1909 / David R. Marshall - lingsworth and C. Richardson (eds), The Possessions of a Cardinal: Roma : «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER, 2015. -512 politics, piety and art, 1450-1700, University Park: Pennsylvania p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (LermArte ; 15) State University Press, 2010, pp. 328–51, 358–72. ISBN 978-88-913-0931-0 (paper edition) ‘The Ideal and Theatrical Gallery: Giovanni Paolo Panini’s paintings ISBN 978-88-913-0934-1 (digital edition) of imaginary galleries’, in Christina Strunck and Elisabeth Kieven (eds), Europäisch Galeriebauten: galleries in a comparative European CCD 930.1 perspective. Römische Studien der Bibliotheca Hertziana 29, Mu- 1. Patrizi nich: Hirmer, 2010, pp. 401–15. Cover: Adrien Manglard, View of Villa Patrizi from the Strada di S. Agnese, 1722, detail. Oil on canvas, 48 x 74 cm. Patrizi Collections. (David R. Marshall / Patrizi Collections.) Title Page: Domenico Pronto (b. 1750), Casino della Villa Patrizi, 1830. Etching, 158 x 214 mm. Inscribed ‘da A.F. a Torsang.a’. From Raccolta di Num.o 320 vedute si antiche, che moderne della città di Roma e di alcuni luoghi suburbani incise a bulino in n° 80 rami in Roma nella Calcografia di Agapito Franzetti, Rome: da A. Franzetti a Torsanguigna, 1830. (David R. Marshall Collection.) iv Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 Patrizi_0_Front_Matter_v4 copy.indd 4 18/11/15 17:36 Contents Acknowledgements xvi Colour Plates xvii Introduction 1 Roman Villas and the Villa Patrizi 4 Notes 5 Patrizi Naro Montoro Family Tree 6 Part 1. The Cardinal and his Family 8 Chapter 1.1 Patrizio Patrizi the Elder 8 Patrizio Patrizi the Elder (1629–1689) 8 The Dispositions of Patrizio’s Will 8 Patrizio’s Will and the Palazzo at S. Luigi dei Francesi 9 Fedecommesso and Primogenitura 11 Notes 12 Chapter 1.2 Architect and Patrons 14 Cardinal Giovanni Battista Patrizi (1658–1727) 14 A Villa in Albano 17 Cardinal Patrizi as Patron 17 The Brothers as Patrons 19 Mariano Patrizi (1663–1744) 20 Francesco Felice Patrizi (1665–1734) 23 Costanzo Patrizi (1654–1739) 25 Filippo Patrizi (1660–1733) 26 Sebastiano Cipriani (1662–1738) 27 Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691–1765) 29 Attitudes to other Roman Villas 29 Villa Catena at Poli 30 Villa Sacchetti at Castelfusano 31 Notes 31 Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 v Libro MARSHALL.indb 5 18/11/15 17:22 Chapter 1.3 The Cardinal in Ferrara 1718–1727 36 Family, Friends and Visitors of Rank at the Villa 36 The Stuarts 37 Visitors to Ferrara 38 The Cardinal’s Life in Ferrara 38 Conditions in Ferrara 40 The Conclave of 1721 40 The Conclave of 1724 41 The Last Six Months of the Cardinal’s Life 42 The Commission for the Silver Bust of S. Francesco di Paola 43 Funeral 44 The Catafalque 44 Burial 47 Antiquarianism and Fashion 49 Cardinal Patrizi as Collector 49 Notes 50 Chapter 1.4. Ottavia Sacchetti and Patrizio Patrizi the Younger 1722–1739 55 Ottavia Sacchetti (c. 1701–?) and Patrizio Patrizi (1684–1747) 55 Discord between Ottavia and Patrizio 56 Ottavia’s Situation and Patrizio’s Ailments 57 Felice Trulli’s Portrait of Ottavia 57 Ottavia and Patrizio in Ferrara: Carnival and Villeggiatura 58 Carnival 1726 59 Planning the Lombardy Trip 61 Lombardy, Venice and Bologna 61 Carnival 1727 62 Cardinal Patrizi’s Will 63 Patrizio’s Will 65 Ottavia in the Villa ;65 The Antonio David Portrait of Ottavia 66 Notes 66 Chapter 1.5 Maria Virginia and Giovanni, Porzia and Francesco 70 Maria Virginia Patrizi (1718–1788) and Giovanni Chigi Montoro (1700–1772) 70 The Married Life of Maria Virginia and Giovanni 70 Entertainments in the Villa 72 The Villa during the Reign of Benedict XIV 75 Maria Virginia Patrizi and the Masked Ball in Palazzo Farnese in 1751 76 Maria Virginia Patrizi and the Villa Albani 78 Vigna Silva 82 Pope Clement XIV and the Stanza del Trucco 82 Porzia Patrizi (1752–1835) and Francesco Naro (1743–1813) 82 Notes 86 vi Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 Libro MARSHALL.indb 6 18/11/15 17:22 Part 2 Vigna and Villa 90 Chapter 2.1 Vigna Patrizi 1650–1715 90 The Site 90 Villas near the Porta Pia 95 Disposition 96 Gardens 98 The Casino 98 Boschetto 99 Conclusion 99 Notes 99 Chapter 2.2 Constructing the Casino 103 Building Trades 103 Supply of Materials 104 Paving Bricks 105 Window Glass 106 Transport 106 Plan 107 Main Staircase (Scala Grande) 109 Service Staircase (Scaletta) 114 Basement and Kitchens 115 Chimneys 116 Spiral Staircase, Guardarobba and Roof Terrace 117 Plan Comparisons 118 Elevation 118 Room Heights 121 Blind Windows 122 Notes 124 Part 3 Decoration and Function 126 Chapter 3.1 Organisation of the Piano Nobile 126 The Inventories of the Villa Patrizi 1739–1814 126 The Paintings Collection 128 The Nicoletti Drawings 128 Room Functions and Door Curtains 129 Window Curtains 133 Ceiling Frescoes 134 Decoration of Window Embrasures and Door Jambs 134 Notes 135 Chapter 3.2 Anterooms 136 Introduction 136 Boiseries and Fixed Installations 136 The First Anteroom 137 The Bacchanals in the Second Anteroom 138 The Taste of the Pope 144 Notes 145 Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 vii Libro MARSHALL.indb 7 18/11/15 17:22 Chapter 3.3 Gallery 149 Introduction 149 The Nature of the Baroque Galleria 150 The Gallery of the Palazzo de Carolis 151 The Villa Patrizi Gallery: Circulation and Sources 152 Mirrors and the Paintings by Raffaello Vanni 154 Choosing the Painter of the Vault Frescoes 156 Giuseppe Chiari 157 The Tardiness of Painters 158 Giovanni Paolo Panini and Antonio Grecolini 158 Executing the Gallery Vault Fresco 160 The Vault Fresco by Panini and Grecolini 161 Chandeliers 162 Furnishing the Gallery 163 The Decoration of the Gallery 163 The Frescoed Overdoors 164 Pietro Zerman and Filippo Sciugatrosci in the Galleriola Dipinta 165 Notes 166 Chapter 3.4 Stanza alla Cinese 168 Introduction 168 China and the Early Eighteenth Century 168 All’Indiana and alla Cinese 171 Porcelain and Lacquer 173 Lacquer, Porcelain and Mirror Cabinets 174 The Villa Patrizi Stanza di Porcellana 176 The Fireplace: Patron, Middleman, and Artisan 176 The Lacquer Tavole and Panini as Coordinator of the Decoration 178 The Pope’s Mezzanines 181 The Hang of the Tavole 183 The Remodelling of the Stanza alla Cinese and Chinoiserie at Montoro 183 Notes 184 Chapter 3.5 Stanza delli Cristalli 188 Introduction 188 Mirrors in Roman Palaces 188 Bologna and the Mirror Pilaster 1720–1721 191 The Mirror Cabinet 1722–1724 193 The Patrizi Mirror Cabinet and its Roman Successors 194 Mirrored Enfilades 195 The Renewing of the Mirroring of the ‘Large Gilded Mirror’ 197 Sconces and Tables 198 Notes 198 Chapter 3.6 Bedrooms and Gabinetto 201 Introduction 201 The Baroque Bedroom 203 Fabric in the Bedroom 204 Paintings, Arazzi Finti, or Fabrics for the Bedrooms? 205 viii Rediscovering a Baroque Villa in Rome: Cardinal Patrizi and the Villa Patrizi 1715-1909 Libro MARSHALL.indb 8 18/11/15 17:22 The Decoration of the Bedrooms as Executed 206 The Gabinetto (PN09) 207 Cardinal Patrizi’s Instructions for his Gabinetto 207 The Stanza delle Storie della Creazione del Mondo (PN12) 209 Notes 210 Chapter 3.7 Organisation of the Mezzanine 211 Introduction 211 Doors and Door Curtains 213 Window Curtains 214 A Female Domain 215 Occupancy of the Mezzanine 215 Ottavia’s Villeggiatura at the Villa in 1723 and the Decoration of the Mezzanine 215 Furnishing the