Onondaga Lake Ambient Monitoring Program: 2011
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Onondaga Lake Ambient Monitoring Program: 2011 2011 Annual Report Final, February 2013 Onondaga County, New York Joanne M. Mahoney, County Executive ONONDAGA COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF WATER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION VISION To be a respected leader in wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and the protection of our environment using state of‐the‐art, innovative technologies and sound scientific principles as our guide. MISSION To protect and improve the water environment of Onondaga County in a cost‐effective manner ensuring the health and sustainability of our community and economy. CORE VALUES Excellence Teamwork Honesty Innovation Cost-Effectiveness Safety http://www.savetherain.us Cover photo by C. Strait 2011 Ambient Monitoring Program ii Final Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection February 2013 ONONDAGA 2011 LAKE AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM 2011 ANNUAL REPORT ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK Final, February 2013 Prepared for ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK Prepared by Upstate Freshwater Institute 224 Midler Park Dr. Syracuse, NY 13206 Anchor QEA, LLC Onondaga County Department of Liverpool, NY Water Environment Protection Syracuse, NY Lars Rudstam, Ph.D. EcoLogic, LLC Cornell Biological Field Station Aquatic, Terrestrial and Wetland Bridgeport, NY Consultants Cazenovia, NY 2011 Ambient Monitoring Program iii Final Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection February 2013 Key Features of this Report This report presents the findings of Onondaga County’s Ambient Monitoring Program (AMP) for 2011. The County’s annual monitoring program is designed to evaluate compliance with water quality standards and trends as improvements to the wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure are completed. Each year, the Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection collects extensive water quality and biological data to characterize Onondaga Lake and its watershed. This summary report of 2011 conditions provides a synopsis of the extensive data to the many stakeholders interested in Onondaga Lake. The 2011 report was prepared and distributed as an electronic document. Key results and supporting tables and graphics are included in the main document, with links to supporting tables, technical reports and graphics in an electronic library. The report and supporting files are available on CD upon request and on the Onondaga County web site www.ongov.net/wep. Throughout the document, the reader will find hyperlinks to additional detailed tables, graphs and related reports. These hyperlinks appear as blue underlined words in the print copy. Simple definitions of many of the technical terms are included. These words and phrases will appear as grey shaded in the print copy with blue underlined words. They are hyperlinks to a glossary list. These words are marked once in each chapter of the report. If the user follows these links in the web browser, simply use the back arrow key in your web browser to return to the section of the report you are reading. Once in the library of supporting documents, the reader can navigate back to the main report using browser navigation tools such as the back arrow. There are more than 200 supporting tables and graphics in the library of supporting materials. While each hyperlink has been checked, it is possible that some features will not be enabled on every computer’s operating system. Feedback on the functionality of the electronic features of the document is welcome. Please contact [email protected] with comments. 2011 Ambient Monitoring Program iv Final Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection February 2013 Table of Contents‐ AMP 2011 Key Features of this Report ......................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Section 1. Introduction to the AMP ......................................................................... 17 1.1 Regulatory Requirements ....................................................................................... 17 1.2 Classification and Best Use...................................................................................... 17 1.3 AMP Objectives and Design .................................................................................... 17 1.4 Amended Consent Judgment Milestones ............................................................... 19 1.5 Projects to Address Legacy Industrial Pollution ...................................................... 22 1.6 Use of Metrics to Measure and Report Progress .................................................... 23 Section 2. Onondaga Lake and Watershed .............................................................. 25 2.1 Watershed Size and Hydrology ............................................................................... 25 2.2 Land Use .................................................................................................................. 26 2.3 Morphometry .......................................................................................................... 26 Section 3. Onondaga County Actions ...................................................................... 29 Section 4. Tributary Water Quality: 2011 Results and Long‐Term Trends ................ 35 4.1 Meteorological Drivers and Stream Flow ............................................................... 35 4.2 Compliance with Ambient Water Quality Standards .............................................. 36 4.3 Loads ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.1 Calculations and Multi‐format Results for 2011 ..................................... 39 4.3.2 Selected Phosphorus Topics .................................................................... 42 4.3.3 Recent Metro Performance ..................................................................... 45 4.3.4 Trends ..................................................................................................... 48 Section 5. Onondaga Lake Water Quality: 2011 Results and Trends ........................ 60 5.1 Sampling Locations.................................................................................................. 60 5.2 Compliance with AWQS .......................................................................................... 60 5.3 Trophic State ........................................................................................................... 63 5.3.1 Total Phosphorus .................................................................................... 64 5.3.2 Chlorophyll‐a ........................................................................................... 64 2011 Ambient Monitoring Program v Final Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection February 2013 5.3.3 Secchi Disk Transparency ........................................................................ 65 5.3.4 Trophic State Indicators .......................................................................... 68 5.4 Dissolved Oxygen .................................................................................................... 70 5.5 Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate ................................................................................ 72 5.6 Recreational Quality ................................................................................................ 73 5.7 Nearshore Trends .................................................................................................... 74 5.8 Selected Lake Trends Coupled to Metro Improvements ........................................ 75 5.8.1 Indicators of Primary Production ............................................................ 75 5.8.2 Phosphorus ............................................................................................. 75 5.8.3 N to P Ratio ............................................................................................. 78 5.8.4 Deep Waters ........................................................................................... 80 5.9 All Other Parameters............................................................................................... 81 Section 6. Biology and Food Web: 2011 Results and Trends .................................... 82 6.1 Primary Producers‐ Algae and Macrophytes .......................................................... 82 6.2 Zooplankton and Dreissenid Mussels ..................................................................... 86 6.3 Fish .......................................................................................................................... 92 6.3.1 Richness and Diversity............................................................................. 92 6.3.2 Reproductive Success .............................................................................. 93 6.3.3 Recreational Fishery ................................................................................ 96 6.3.4 Fish Size – Largemouth Bass ................................................................... 96 6.3.5 Fish Size – Smallmouth Bass ................................................................... 96 6.3.6 Fish Size – Sunfish ................................................................................... 97 6.3.7 Fish Size – Yellow Perch and Brown Bullhead ......................................... 98 6.4 Fish Abnormalities ..................................................................................................