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厂 Biologie 厂 Horticultură 厂 Tehnologia Prelucrării Produselor Seria: 9 Biologie UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA 9 Horticultură UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA 9 Tehnologia prelucrării produselor agricole 9 Ingineria mediului Vol. XVII ( LIII ) - 2012 ASPECTS OF COENOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF SAPONARIA PUMILIO (L.) FENZL. EX. A. BRAUN IN POTENTILLO CHRYSOCRASPEDAE–FESTUCETUM AIROIDIS ASSOCIATION Andronescu Alina1 , Zgurschi Gabriela2 Key words: Saponaria pumilio, plant associations, similarity. ABSTRACT Saponaria pumilio is a tertiary relict and a rare plant in Romania’s flora. In 1993, Stancu, Alexiu and Boúcaiu have integrated the species in Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis association. In this paper, we present the coenotaxonomical integration of Saponaria pumilio species in some phytocoenoses and describe the association in terms of taxonomic, of the bioforms, geoelements, caryological, ecological index. We characterized the Potentillo chrysocraspedae– Festucetum airoidis association based on some phytocoenological investigations from Meridional Carpathians. This study revealed some common and differential features of this association, from different places, being drown a similarity dendrogram of the analyzed relevés. INTRODUCTION Saponaria pumilio is an herbaceous species from Caryophyllaceae family. It is a perennial herb, with shorter stems, forming dense, large cushions. Flowers are large and pink with a tubular calyx. Seeds are 1.0–1.5 mm diameter and have no capacity for dispersal over long distances. Generally, the species vegetate on skeletal, siliceous soils. It is taxonomically isolated and occurs dispersed in the Eastern Alps (Italy, Austria) and Romanian Carpathians (Iezer-Păpuúa and Făgăraú Massif) (Ciocârlan, 2000; Stancu et al, 1993). The distribution of Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis association is between 1750 m and 2244 m altitude. This association forms compact layers on gentle slopes from alpine and sub-alpine regions and vegetates on less deep soils, from very acid to slightly acid, often rich in humus, formed on the crystalline or calcareous substrate. The association Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoides Boúcaiu 1971 is classified in the class Juncetea trifidi Klika et Hadac 1944, order Caricetalia curvulae Br.-Bl. 1926, alliance Caricion curvulae Br.-Bl. 1925 (Zamfirescu et al., 2007; Alexiu, 1998; Drăgulescu, 2003). 1,2 PhD Candidate in Biology University of Pitesti 489 MATERIAL AND METHODS For the relevés study, we used the methods of the Central-European school of Zürich-Montpellier, elaborated by J. Braun-Blanqe. For the synthetic phytocoenological table were used personal investigations and works of some authors (Alexiu, 1998; Boúcaiu, 1971; Neblea, 2008; Stancu, 2005; Drăgulescu, 2003). The plant nomenclature follows Ciocârlan, 2009. The synthetic phytocoenological table of Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis association (Table 1) inserts list of species from identified coenoses in Iezer- Păpuúa Massif (Alexiu, 1998; Andronescu, 2011), Leaota (Neblea, 2006), ğarcu, Godeanu, Cernei (Boúcaiu, 1971), Cindrel-Valea Sadului (Drăgulescu, 1995) and Râiosu-Buda (Stancu, 2005). In the left side of the synthetic table (Table 1) are included the phytocoenological parameters of bioforms, geoelements and caryologic elements; the right side includes five columns which contain the constant (K) of each species, that correspond to different mountains. The similarity of relevés was been assessed by using a statistical processing program (BioDiversity Pro). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis association classifies in the Juncetea trifidi class, Caricetalia curvulae order, Caricion curvulae alliance. It forms oligotrophic alpine meadows on highly acidic soils. The association is present in almost all Carpathians Massive. The presence of Potentilla ternata, along with other geographical differential species (Poa media, Viola declinata, Campanula serrata and Campanula patula ssp. abietina) shows the affiliation of this association to Carpathian-Balkan area. Festuca supina meadows are widespread in alpine and sub-alpine regions and characterized by a remarkable homogeneity structure. Because is characterized by a xeric regime, the chionofile species are missing from Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis association. 50 45 Ph; 5% 40 Th; 2% 35 Ch; 17% 30 U 25 T 20 R 15 G; 2% 10 5 H; 74% 0 12340 Figure 1. Ecological index of Potentillo Figure 2. Bioforms of the Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis association association The phytocoenoses of the associations are mesophilic (U3-3,5= 48.27 %), cryophilic to microtherm (T1-1,5=47.12 % ; T2-2,5= 34.48 %) and acidophilous (R2=42.52% ) (Figure 1). The index of bioforms reveals a high frequency of the hemicryptophytes (74%), followed by a significant percentage of camephytes (17%) (Figure 2). 490 Mont 30 Eur Eua 25 Dac-Balc 20 Cp Circ 15 Cbor 10 Carp-Balc Carp(end) 5 Alp 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 DPD-P % Figure 3. Phytogeographic elements of Figure 4. Caryological index of the Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum Potentillochrysocraspedae– Festucetum airoidis association airoidis association With regard to phytogeographic elements, predominates the Circumpolar (25.84 %) and Alpic species (23.59 %), followed by the Carpathian-Balkan (16.85 %), Eurasian (14.6 %), European (10.11 %) (Figure 3). In the caryological spectrum are included diploid (31.18 %), polyploid (29.03 %) and diplo-polyploid (12.9 %) species and the index of ratio is 1.25 (Figure 4). Others Caryophyllaceae Campanulaceae Ericaceae Asteraceae Poaceae 0 1020304050 Figure 5. Taxonomic index of the Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis association Figure 6. Similarity dendrogram of the phytocoenoses of Potentillo chrysocraspedae- Festucetum airoidis association 491 The specific diversity of the association lies in the presence of the 87 cormophitic taxa that are integrated in 27 families, from which: Poaceae (20. 68 %), Asteraceae (12.64 %), Ericaceae (6.89 %), Campanulaceae (5.7 %) and Caryophyllaceae (5.7 %) (Figure 6). The relevés similarity dendrogram (Figure 6) results from the similarity Jaccard index calculation. This highlights the homogeneity of the phytocoenoses identified in Cindrel, ğarcu, Godeanu and Cernei. Saponaria pumilio is present only in the phytocoenoses from Iezer-Păpuúa and Făgăraú Mountains. CONCLUSIONS The association Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis Boúcaiu 1971 is classified in the class Juncetea trifidi Klika et Hadac 1944, order Caricetalia curvulae Br.- Bl. 1926, alliance Caricion curvulae Br.-Bl. 1925. The association phytocoenoses bioforms are frequently hemicryptophytes (74%). With regard to phytogeographic elements, predominates the Circumpolar (25.84 %) and Alpic species (23.59 %), followed by the Carpathian-Balkan (16.85%) and Eurasian (14.6 %). In terms of the ecological preferences, the phytocoenoses of the Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis associations are mesophilic, cryophilic and acidophilous. Diploids index is higher than one (1.25) because the number of diploid species is higher than the polyploid one. The phytocoenological investigation, based on the relevés analysis, revealed the presence of Saponaria pumilio only in the phytocoenoses from Iezer-Păpuúa and Făgăraú Mountains. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS "This work was partially supported by the strategic project POSDRU 107/1.5/S/77265, inside POSDRU Romania 2007-2013 co-financed by the European Social Fund – Investing in People”. REFERENCES Alexiu V. 1998. VegetaĠia Iezer-Păpuúa. Studiu fitocenologic. Edit. Cultura, Piteúti. Boúcaiu N. 1971. Flora úi vegetaĠia MunĠilor ğarcu, Godeanu and Cernei. Edit. Academiei R.S.R., Bucureúti. Ciocârlan V., 2009. Flora ilustrată a României. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta Edit. Ceres, Bucureúti, Drăgulescu C. 2003. Cormoflora judeĠului Sibiu. Editura Pelecanus, Braúov. Neblea M. 2008. Associations of the Juncetea trifidi Klika et Hada 1944 class from Leaota Massif. Journal of Plant Development, 15: 111–115. Stancu D. I. 2005. Flora úi vegetaĠia munĠilor Râiosu and Buda, Masivul Făgăraú. Edit. UniversităĠii din Piteúti. Stancu R., Alexiu V., Boúcaiu N., 1993. Saponaria pumilio (L.) Fenzl. ex. A. Braun în masivul Iezer-Păpuúa. Ocrotirea naturii mediului înconjurător. t. 37, Bucureúti, 2: 129-132. 492 Zamfirescu O. , Chifu T., Zamfirescu ùt., Mânzu C.. 2007. Contribution to the study of the plant associations from the sub-alpine plateau of the Ceahlău mountain. Analele útiinĠifice ale UniversităĠii “Al. I. Cuza”. Iaúi. Tomul LIII. Biologie vegetală, 2: 140-114. Table 1 Potentillo chrysocraspedae–Festucetum airoidis Boúcaiu 1971 association Place of the relevés 1 2 3 4 5 Altitude (m x 10) 190/ 160/ 155/ 176/ 180/ 240 180 216 221 200 Number of relevés 10 7 20 21 10 Char.ass. H Eua-Arc-Alp DP Festuca airoides V V V - V H Carp-Balc - Potentilla ternata V V V V V Carcion et Caricetalia curvulae Ch Alp-Carp-Eur P Primula minima IV III II II IV H Alp-Carp-Balc P Phyteuma confusum IV - III IV III H Alp-Eur DP Agrostis rupestris IV III V II IV H Circ - Luzula spicata - - I I III H Alp-Carp D Campanula alpina I I - - III H Alp-Eur P Carex curvula I - I - - H Carp-Balc P Senecio carpaticus - - I - I Th Eua - Euphrasia minima - - I - - H End-Carp D Helictotrichon decorum - - I I - H Circ - Anthoxanthum alpinum - - I - - Juncetea trifidi H Circ-Arc-Alp D Juncus trifidus IV III I I IV H Carp-Balc D Poa media III - - I - H Alp-Carp DP Armeria alpina - II - - - Ch Alp-Eur D Minuartia sedoides - III - - - Loiseleurio-Vaccinion
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