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Master Reference Master Die Abwendung des Schicksals von Tamangur oder ein übersetzerischer Ansatz zur Erhaltung der chara lingua da la mamma KELLER, Laura Abstract Le mémoire touche deux sujets importants relatifs au sauvetage de la langue rhétoromanche - une langue minoritaire et menacée. La première partie générale traite le rhétoromanche et expose les différents essais de sauver la langue par l'introduction d'une langue écrite commune et suscite la question délicate si les mesures prise aident vraiment à améliorer la situation du romanche ou contribuent à sa disparition. Soucieuse de trouver un moyen sortant du champ de la traduction pour éveiller l'intérêt du public cible et ainsi contribuer à la continuité de l'existence du langage, l'auteure a cherché dans la deuxième partie de trouver une stratégie de traduction correspondante qui laisse à la langue et à la culture source une place approprié dans la langue cible - un essai démontré à l'aide de la traduction d'un conte romanche vers l'allemand. Reference KELLER, Laura. Die Abwendung des Schicksals von Tamangur oder ein übersetzerischer Ansatz zur Erhaltung der chara lingua da la mamma. Master : Univ. Genève, 2010 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:9813 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Laura KELLER Die Abwendung des Schicksals von Tamangur oder ein übersetzerischer Ansatz zur Erhaltung der chara lingua da la mamma Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Versuchen zur Rettung der Minderheitensprache Rätoromanisch und die kommentierte Übersetzung einer Kurzgeschichte aus dem Unterengadiner Idiom Vallader ins Deutsche unter dem besonderen Blickwinkel einer Übersetzung aus einer Minderheitensprache Mémoire présenté à l’École de Traduction et d’Interprétation Réalisé en vue de l’obtention de la Maîtrise universitaire en traduction Mention traduction spécialisée Directrice du mémoire : Prof. Dr. Hannelore LEE-JAHNKE Co-directeur du mémoire : Prof. Dr. Clau SOLÈR Jurée : Gunhilt PERRIN École de Traduction et d’Interprétation Avril 2010 VORWORT .................................................................................................................................................. 3 I EINE KLEINE GESCHICHTE DES RÄTOROMANISCHEN ............................................................... 4 1. Rätoromanisch – Zur vierten Landessprache der Schweiz ............................................... 4 1.1 Ein kurzer historischer Überblick – von der Eroberung des Alpenraums durch die Römer bis zur Helvetik ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Integration des Rätoromanischen in die Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft ....................................... 5 2. Erhaltung gefährdeter Sprachen ............................................................................................... 6 2.1 Welche Gefahren drohen Minderheitensprachen? ............................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Auch Sprachen können sterben ....................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Verschwindet die rätoromanische Sprache bald ganz? ................................................ 9 2.2 Zur Bedeutung übersetzter Literatur in Kleinsprachen ................................................................. 12 3. Die rätoromanische Bewegung und Standardisierungsbemühungen im Rätoromanischen ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.1 Verschriftlichung der rätoromanischen Idiome .............................................................................. 14 3.2 Bemühungen um eine rätoromanische Einheitsschriftsprache ......................................................... 15 3.2.1 Gescheiterte Versuche, eine Einheitsschriftsprache zu schaffen ............................. 15 3.2.2 Rumantsch Grischun – letzte Chance für das Rätoromanische? ............................. 16 4. Sprache und Identität ................................................................................................................ 20 5. Fazit ................................................................................................................................................ 24 II KOMMENTIERTE ÜBERSETZUNG ................................................................................................. 26 6. Ausgangstextanalyse nach Nord (2009) ............................................................................... 26 6.1. Textexterne Faktoren des AT .................................................................................................... 26 6.1.1 Sender und Senderintenion ............................................................................................ 26 6.1.2 Empfänger ........................................................................................................................ 28 6.1.3 Kommunikationssituation .............................................................................................. 30 a) Medium .............................................................................................................................. 30 b) Ort ...................................................................................................................................... 30 c) Zeit ..................................................................................................................................... 31 d) Anlass ................................................................................................................................. 31 6.1.4 Textfunktion ..................................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Textinterne Faktoren des AT ...................................................................................................... 32 6.2.1 Aufbau und Gliederung des Texts ................................................................................ 32 6.2.2 Grammatische und thematische Textkohärenz ........................................................... 33 6.2.3 Textinhalt, Thema und thematische Entfaltung ......................................................... 39 6.2.4 Präsuppositionen und Realitätsbezüge ......................................................................... 42 6.2.5 Syntax ................................................................................................................................ 43 6.2.6 Lexik .................................................................................................................................. 45 6.3 Wirkung ...................................................................................................................................... 48 7. Zieltextvorgaben und Übersetzungsstrategie ..................................................................... 49 8. Übersetzung (ZT) ....................................................................................................................... 53 9. Sprachliche Besonderheiten der Übersetzung und Übersetzungsschwierigkeiten. 71 9.1. Kulturspezifische Ebene ............................................................................................................... 71 9.2 Textuelle Ebene ........................................................................................................................... 72 9.3 Syntaktische Ebene ...................................................................................................................... 75 9.4 Lexikalische Ebene ..................................................................................................................... 76 10. Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick ........................................................................................ 80 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................................................... 82 ANHANG .................................................................................................................................................. 87 I. Ausgangstext (AT) ................................................................................................................. 87 II. Beispiele für Literatur der rätoromanischen Spracherhaltungsbewegung ............ 98 III. Un clin d’oeil pour terminer: „Das neue vereinfachte Wörterbuch“ ..................... 103 VORWORT Ein Volk, das seine eigene Sprache verlernt, gibt sein Stimmrecht in der Menschheit auf und ist zur stummen Rolle auf der Völkerbühne verwiesen. Das Zitat von Friedrich Ludwig Jahn hängt gerahmt in meinem Elternhaus. Ich habe es vor Jahren mit meinem Kalligrafiefüllfederhalter und farbiger Tinte in meiner schönsten Schrift für meine Mutter abgemalt. Für uns stand dieses Zitat nie im Zusammenhang mit Jahns Vision der Einheit Deutschlands aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, sondern einzig mit dem be- und gefürchteten Untergang der Rätoromanischen Sprache. Es sollte eine Mahnung sein, uns daran erinnern, das Romanische nicht zu vernachlässigen und so zu verlieren. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich die Gelegenheit wahrgenommen, mich ein bisschen vertiefter mit meinen Wurzeln und meiner sprachlichen Identität auseinanderzusetzen. In einer zweisprachigen Familie mit dem Unterengadiner Idiom Vallader und Schweizerdeutsch in erster Linie in der Ostschweiz aufgewachsen, war Sprache bzw. waren
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