FAMILY Melamphaidae Gill, 1893 - ridgeheads, bigscales [=Melamphainae, Plectromidae] Notes: Melamphainae Gill, 1893b:133 [ref. 26255] (subfamily) Melamphaes [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem sometimes seen as Melamphas- or Melamphae-] Plectromidae Myers & Storey, 1956:23 [ref. 32831] (family) Plectromus [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; unavailable publication]

GENUS Melamphaes Gunther, 1864 - ridgeheads [=Melamphaes Günther [A.], 1864:433, Metopias Lowe [R. T.], 1843:89, Plectromus Gill [T. N.], 1883:257] Notes: [ref. 1974]. Masc. Metopias typhlops Lowe, 1843. Type by being a replacement name. Treated by authors as masculine. Replacement for Metopias Lowe, 1843, preoccupied by Metopias Gory, 1832 [not researched]. •Valid as Melanphaes Günther, 1864 -- (Ebeling 1962 [ref. 5896], Maul 1973:343 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:451 [ref. 6898], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:111 [ref. 6441], Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:757 [ref. 13676], Ebeling 1986:427 [ref. 5651], Paxton et al. 1989:371 [ref. 12442], Gon 1990:218 [ref. 21680], Gomon et al. 1994:415 [ref. 22532], Kotlyar 1996:272 [ref. 23292], Moore & Paxton 1999:2202 [ref. 24787], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:317 [ref. 25968], Moore 2003:1163 [ref. 27002], Kotlyar 2004:1 [ref. 27590], Paxton et al. 2006:748 [ref. 28995], Bray 2008:410 [ref. 30620], Kotlyar 2011:558 [ref. 31578], Kotlyar 2011:569 [ref. 31579], Kotlyar 2012:137 [ref. 31963], Kotlyar 2012:247 [ref. 32009], Mincarone et al. 2014:1548 [ref. 33546], Parin et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Melamphaes Günther, 1864. Melamphaidae. (Metopias) [ref. 2832]. Masc. Metopias typhlops Lowe, 1843. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Metopias Gory, 1821 [or 1832] [not researched], replaced by Melamphaes Günther, 1864. •Synonym of Melamphaes Günther, 1864 -- (Ebeling 1962:20 [ref. 5896], Maul 1973:343 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:451 [ref. 6898], Paxton et al. 1989:371 [ref. 12442], Kotlyar 1996:272 [ref. 23292], Kotlyar 2004:1 [ref. 27590], Paxton et al. 2006:748 [ref. 28995], Kotlyar 2011:557 [ref. 31578], Parin et al. 2014:198 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Melamphaes Günther, 1864. Melamphaidae. (Plectromus) [ref. 1724]. Masc. Plectromus suborbitalis Gill, 1883. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Melamphaes Günther, 1864 -- (Ebeling 1962:20 [ref. 5896], Maul 1973:343 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:451 [ref. 6898], Kotlyar 1996:272 [ref. 23292], Kotlyar 2004:1 [ref. 27590], Kotlyar 2011:557 [ref. 31578]). Current status: Synonym of Melamphaes Günther, 1864. Melamphaidae.

Species Melamphaes acanthomus Ebeling, 1962 - slender bigscale [=Melamphaes acanthomus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:51, Fig. 22] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Off San Diego, California, U.S.A., 32°46'N, 117°32.5'W, depth 0-840 meters over bottom depth of 1040 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes acanthomus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific off southern California to the Gulf of Panama and Gulf of California south to northern Chile. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes contradictorius Kotlyar, 2015 - contradictory ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes contradictorius Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:515, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 5); ref. 33995] Southwestern Pacific Ocean (boundary area of Fiji and Tasman Sea). Current status: Valid as Melamphaes contradictorius Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes danae Ebeling, 1962 - bigscale [=Melamphaes danae Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:102, Fig. 37] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Sulawesi Sea, 4°03'N, 123°26'E, Dana station D3683, depth about 2500 meters (about 5000 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 4940 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes danae Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical Indo-Pacific: Between 25°N and 25°S, southeastward to 110°W (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes ebelingi Keene, 1973 - Keene's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes ebelingi Keene [M. J.], 1973:795, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1973 (no. 4); ref. 7570] North Atlantic, 31°45'N, 63°30 [?39]'W, depth 0-310 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes ebelingi Keene, 1973. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Atlantic, mostly northern part. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes eulepis Ebeling, 1962 - eulepis ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes eulepis Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:70, Fig. 27] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Off Ghana, 0°31'S, 11°02'W, Dana station D4000, depth about 200 meters (600 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 3760 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes eulepis Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical Atlantic, Indian Ocean (southward of Kwa-Zulu-Natal), western and central Pacific (to 150°W). Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes eurous Kotlyar, 2016 - Kotlyar's ridgehead [=Melamphaes eurous Kotlyar [A. N.], 2016:28, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 1); ref. 34170] Station 84, Baikal cruise three, 6°01′N, 100°00′W, trawling depth 0-155 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes eurous Kotlyar, 2016. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Equatorial zone of the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, depth 0-1300 meters. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes falsidicus Kotlyar, 2011 - falsidicus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes falsidicus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2011:573, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 8); ref. 31579] Northern slope of the Grand Bank, off Newfoundland, northwestern Atlantic, depth about 700 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes falsidicus Kotlyar, 2011. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes hubbsi Ebeling, 1962 - Hubbs' ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes hubbsi Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:99, Fig. 36] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Southeast of St. Helena, 19°16'S, 1°48'W, Dana station D3981, depth 100 meters (300 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 5070 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes hubbsi Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Central tropical South Atlantic (near of St. Helena Island). Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes inconspicuus Kotlyar, 2015 - inconspicuous ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes inconspicuus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:264, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 3); ref. 33882] North Atlantic, 31°24'N, 21°24'W, depth 175-196 meters over bottom depth of ca. 5000 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes inconspicuus Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes indicus Ebeling, 1962 - indica ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes indicus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:85, Fig. 32] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Sulawesi Sea [ca. 47 kilometers northwest of Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, western Pacific], 1°42'N, 124°29'E, Dana station D3682, depth about 350 meters (1000 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 3660 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes indicus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands and Central America. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes janae Ebeling, 1962 - Jana's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes janae Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:81, Fig. 30] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Eastern tropical Pacific, off Colombia, 4°04'N, 78°43'W, depth 1335 meters over bottom depth of 3810 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes janae Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Gulf of Panama and Peru. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes kobylyanskyi Kotlyar, 2015 - Kobylyansky's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes kobylyanskyi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:265, Fig. 4] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 3); ref. 33882] Walvis Ridge, southeastern Atlantic, 29°28'S, 0°11'E, trawling depth 2000-0 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes kobylyanskyi Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Walvis Ridge, southeastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes laeviceps Ebeling, 1962 - laeviceps ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes laeviceps Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:63, Fig. 25] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] North of the Galápagos Islands, 1°01.5'N, 91°45.7'W, depth 939-1109 meters over botttom at 2288 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes laeviceps Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical central and eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes lentiginosus Kotlyar, 2015 - lentiginosus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes lentiginosus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:646, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 6); ref. 34100] Walvis Ridge, 25°42'S, 2°21'W, 250-0 meters over 1600 meters bottom depth. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes lentiginosus Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southeastern part of Atlantic Ocean: mid-Atlantic Ridge, Walvis Ridge. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes leprus Ebeling, 1962 - leprus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes leprus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:60, Fig. 24] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] North of Ascension Island, 3°45'S, 10°00'W, Dana station D3999, depth about 350 meters (1000 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 3719 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes leprus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical Atlantic off West Africa from 11°N to 4°S and Gulf of Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes longivelis Parr, 1933 - eyebrow bigscale [=Melamphaes microps longivelis Parr [A. E.], 1933:16, Fig. 6] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 6); ref. 3373] Off Acklins Island, Bahama, western Atlantic, 22°31'N, 74°26'W, Pawnee station 41,10000 feet wire out. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes longivelis Parr, 1933. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including Hawaiian islands, but except eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert, 1890 - highsnout bigscale [=Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert [C. H.], 1890:59, Melamphaes cavernosus Chapman [W. M.], 1939:533, Fig. 68] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 797); ref. 1623] California coast south of Point Conception, 32°40'30"N, 117°31'30"W, U.S.A., Albatross station 2923, depth 822 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert, 1890. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Pacific, including Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Hawaiian Ridge. Habitat: marine. (cavernosus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 86 (no. 3062); ref. 817] Northeastern Pacific, Gulf of Alaska, 56°06'N, 152°09'W, 800-600 meters wire out. Current status: Synonym of Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert, 1890. Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes macrocephalus Parr, 1931 - Parr's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes macrocephalus Parr [A. E.], 1931:41, Fig. 16] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 2 (art. 4); ref. 3371] Pacific coast off Mexico, 16°14'00"N, 99°36'30"W, 3750 feet wire out over bottom depth of 1800 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes macrocephalus Parr, 1931. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical eastern Pacific: California (U.S.A.) (ca 30°N) to Chile (ca. 23°S), west to 120° to 130°. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes manifestus Kotlyar, 2011 - manifest ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes manifestus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2011:566, Fig. 5] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 8); ref. 31578] Off West Africa, 4°40'N, 12°00'W, depth 780 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes manifestus Kotlyar, 2011. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Off tropical West Africa (types). Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes microps (Gunther, 1878) - Gunther's ridgehead (author) [=Scopelus microps Günther [A.], 1878:186 [19]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 2 (nos 7/8/9)(art. 2/22/28); ref. 2010] Between Cape of Good Hope and Kerguelen Island, 46°46'S, 45°31'E, Challenger station 146, depth 1375 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes microps (Günther, 1878). Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic between 30°N and 64°N; South Atlantic between 27°S and 46°S (off southwest tip of Africa); southern Indian Ocean, western South Pacific off New Zealand, southeastern Pacific [but possibly only the southern Indian Ocean and the southeastern Atlantic on ref. 31578]. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes nikolayi Kotlyar, 2012 - Nikolay's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes nikolayi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2012:251, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 52 (no. 4); ref. 32009] Subtropical Northwestern Pacific, 29°20'N, 142°41'E, trawling depth 1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes nikolayi Kotlyar, 2012. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Subtropical Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Melamphaes occlusus Kotlyar, 2012 - occlusus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes occlusus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2012:249, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 52 (no. 4); ref. 32009] Madagascar Ridge, 33°06'S, 45°28'E, southwestern Indian Ocean, bottom trawling depth 1500-1610 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes occlusus Kotlyar, 2012. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Subtropical southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes pachystomus Kotlyar, 2011 - pachystomus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes pachystomus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2011:575, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 8); ref. 31579] Southeastern Pacific Ocean, 7°51'S, 80°57'W, depth 900-1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes pachystomus Kotlyar, 2011. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes papavereus Kotlyar, 2016 - Bengal ridgehead [=Melamphaes papavereus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2016:251, Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 3); ref. 34507] Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, 12°59'N, 82°25'E, depth 1000-0 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes papavereus Kotlyar, 2016. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes parini Kotlyar, 1999 - Parin's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes parini Kotlyar [A. N.], 1999:456 [428], Fig. 4b] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 24875] Okhotsk Sea, 48°59'N, 152°00'E, depth 1000-50 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes parini Kotlyar, 1999. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Temperate North Pacific: Sea of Okhotsk and northeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes parvus Ebeling, 1962 - little bigscale [=Melamphaes parvus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:77, Fig. 29] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Off Mexico, southeast of Guadalupe Island, 28°37'N, 118°13'W, depth 0-860 meters over bottom depth of more than 1830 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes parvus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific between 35°N and 42°N, westward to about 145°W. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes polylepis Ebeling, 1962 - polylepis ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes polylepis Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:43, Fig. 20] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] South of Sri Lanka, 5°21'N, 80°38'E, Dana station D3909, depth about 2250 meters (4500 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 4120 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes polylepis Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas; Atlantic between the equator and 20° N, the Indian Ocean between 15°N and S. Pacific between 34°N and 31°S eastward to about 109°W (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes proximus Kotlyar, 2015 - proximus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes proximus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:509, Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 5); ref. 33995] Indian Ocean and western Pacific, 30°50'S, 93°08'E, depth 1162 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes proximus Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes pumilus Ebeling, 1962 - pumilus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes pumilus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:106, Fig. 40] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] Off Bermuda, 32°12'N, 64°36'W, depth 1829 meters over bottom depth of 2380 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes pumilus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic between 10°N to 40°N and 25°W to 30°W. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes scherbachevi Kotlyar, 2015 - Scherbachev's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes shcherbachevi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2015:648, Fig. 4] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 6); ref. 34100] Mozambique Channel, 23°21'S, 43°22'E, 1200-0 meters depth. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes shcherbachevi Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962 - ridgehead [=Melamphaes simus Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:94, Fig. 34] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] South of Canary Islands [eastern Atlantic], 27°19'N, 16°41'W, Dana station D4010, depth about 350 meters (1000 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 3460 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands, but except eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes spinifer Ebeling, 1962 - spinifer ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes spinifer Ebeling [A. W.], 1962:67, Fig. 26] Notes: [Dana Report No. 58; ref. 5896] North of the Galápagos Islands, 1°01.5'N, 91°45.7'W, depth 939-1109 meters over bottom depth of 2288 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes spinifer Ebeling, 1962. Melamphaidae. Distribution: East Pacific from 27°N to 34°S, where it ranges westward to about 130°W. Habitat: marine. Species Melamphaes suborbitalis (Gill, 1883) - shoulderspine bigscale [=Plectromus suborbitalis Gill [T. N.], 1883:258] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 6 (no. 380); ref. 1724] East of New Jersey, U.S.A., 38°52'40"N, 69°24'40"W, Albatross station 2036, depth 1735 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes suborbitalis (Gill, 1883). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes succedanaus Kotlyar, 2015 - succedanaus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes succedanaus Kotlyar [N. A.], 2015:517, Fig. 4] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 5); ref. 33995] Eastern Pacific, 0°02'S, 122°04'W, trawling depth 300-0 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes succedanaus Kotlyar, 2015. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, adjoining North and South America. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe, 1843) - typhlops ridgehead (author) [=Metopias typhlops Lowe [R. T.], 1843:90, Melamphaes crassicauda Koefoed [E.], 1953:17, Pl. 4 (fig. A)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843 (pt 11); ref. 2832] Off Madeira. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe, 1843). Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic between 10°N and 45°N; South Atlantic to Brazil. Habitat: marine. (crassicauda) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 4 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 6486] North Atlantic, 34°59'N, 33°01'W, station 53, 300 meters wire out; 35°36'N, 8°25'W, station 25A, 3000 meters wire out. Current status: Synonym of Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe, 1843). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Melamphaes xestoachidus Kotlyar, 2011 - xestoachidus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes xestoachidus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2011:563, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 8); ref. 31578] Northwestern North Pacific, 44°54'N, 152°14'E, trawling depth 2400-3450 meters, over bottom depth of 8800-9600 meters. Current status: Valid as Melamphaes xestoachidus Kotlyar, 2011. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 - ridgeheads [=Poromitra Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1883:214, Lophocephalus Osório [B.], 1906:173, Poromitrella Zugmayer [E.], 1911:7] Notes: [ref. 1838]. Fem. Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 -- (Maul 1973:344 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:431 [ref. 6898], Ebeling 1975 [ref. 7105], Parin & Ebeling 1980 [ref. 5523], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:110 [ref. 6441], Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:760 [ref. 13676], Ebeling 1986:429 [ref. 5651], Paxton et al. 1989:372 [ref. 12442], Gon 1990:219 [ref. 21680], Kotlyar 1996:274 [ref. 23292], Moore & Paxton 1999:2202 [ref. 24787], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:317 [ref. 25968], Moore 2003:1163 [ref. 27002], Kotlyar 2004:4 [ref. 27590], Paxton et al. 2006:748 [ref. 28995], Kotlyar 2008:480 [ref. 29813], Kotlyar 2008:553 [ref. 29825], Bray 2008:410 [ref. 30620], Kotlyar 2009:421 [ref. 30275], Kotlyar 2009:563 [ref. 30590], Kotlyar 2009:710 [ref. 30627], Kotlyar 2010:231 [ref. 30796], Kotlyar 2010:808 [ref. 32452], Kotlyar 2012:409 [ref. 32474], Mincarone et al. 2014:1546 [ref. 33546], Parin et al. 2014:199 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae. (Lophocephalus) [ref. 3316]. Masc. Lophocephalus anthrax Osório, 1906. Type by monotypy. Also described as new in Osório 1909:8 [ref. 3317]. •Synonym of Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 -- (Maul 1973:344 [ref. 7171], Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:760 [ref. 13676], Kotlyar 2004:4 [ref. 27590], Kotylar 2008:480 [ref. 29813]). Current status: Synonym of Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae. (Poromitrella) [ref. 6161]. Fem. Poromitrella nigriceps Zugmayer, 1911. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Zugmayer 1911 (Dec.):100 [ref. 4846]. •Possibly a synonym of Scopelogadus Vaillant, 1888 -- (Maul 1973:344 [ref. 7171]). •Synonym of Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 -- (Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:760 [ref. 13676], Kotlyar 2004:4 [ref. 27590], Kotylar 2008:481 [ref. 29813]). Current status: Synonym of Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae.

Species Poromitra agafonovae Kotlyar, 2009 - agafonavae ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra agafonovae Kotlyar [A. N.], 2009:572, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 49 (no. 8); ref. 30590] Western Indian Ocean, 8°03'S, 67°49'E, depth 2827-0 meters, over bottom depth of 3020 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra agafonovae Kotlyar, 2009. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra atlantica (Norman, 1929) - South Atlantic ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes atlanticus Norman [J. R.], 1929:165] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 4 (no. 20); ref. 15914] South Atlantic, 33°54'S, 16°04'E, depth 850-950 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra atlantica (Norman, 1929). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circum-Antarctic: southwestern Atlantic and southeastern Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883 - capito ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra capito Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1883:215, Lophocephalus anthrax Osório [B.], 1906:173, Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Melamphaes triceratops Roule [L.] & Angel [F.], 1933:66, Pl. 3 (fig. 32)] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 10 (no. 5); ref. 1838] Atlantic, 34°28'25"N, 75°22'50"W, Blake station 328, depth 1632 fathoms; and one from unknown locality. Current status: Valid as Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic and eastern Atlantic; southwestern Pacific [possibly not central South Pacific]. Habitat: marine. (anthrax) [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa (Ser. 2) v. 7; ref. 3316] Western coast of Portugal, eastern North Atlantic [stomach content]. Current status: Synonym of Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. (triceratops) [Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert 1er Monaco. Fasc. 86; ref. 3827] northeastern Atlantic: northwest of Madeira, 0-3500 meters depth; west of Flores, Azores, depth 0-3000 meters; east of Nova Scotia, depth 0-3000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883. Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. Species Poromitra coronata (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) - coronata ridgehead (author) [=Plectromus coronatus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & von Bonde [C.], 1924:14] Notes: [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (no. 7) (1922); ref. 1649] Off Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena Bay, South Africa, Pickle stations 84 and 357, depth 500 and 900 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra coronata (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa to southwestern Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra crassa Parin & Ebeling, 1980 - crassa ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra crassa Parin [N. V.] & Ebeling [A. W.], 1980:89, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1980 (no. 1); ref. 5523] Bismarck Sea, off New Guinea, 5°20.9'S, 146°16'E, depth 0-1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra crassa Parin & Ebeling, 1980. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Western tropical Pacific (between 30°N to 5°S); reported from northeastern coast of New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra crassiceps (Gunther, 1878) - crested bigscale [=Scopelus crassiceps Günther [A.], 1878:185 [18]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 2 (nos 7/8/9)(art. 2/22/28); ref. 2010] Mid-Atlantic, Challenger station 107; off Pernambuco, Brazil, Challenger station 107 or 120; and Antarctic Ocean, depth 675-1500 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra crassiceps (Günther, 1878). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra cristiceps (Gilbert, 1890) - cristiceps ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes cristiceps Gilbert [C. H.], 1890:60] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 797); ref. 1623] Off Washington, 47°22'N, 125°41'W, U.S.A., Albatross station 3075, depth 859 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra cristiceps (Gilbert, 1890). Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Pacific, including southern Bering Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra curilensis Kotlyar, 2008 - Kurile ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra curilensis Kotlyar [A. N.], 2008:555, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 8); ref. 29825] North Pacific, 53°29'N, 159°52'W, depth 6200 - 0 meters over bottom depth of 6240 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra curilensis Kotlyar, 2008. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra decipiens Kotlyar, 2008 - dicepiens ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra decipiens Kotlyar [A. N.], 2008:553, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 8); ref. 29825] East Indian Ocean, 14°30'S, 88°12'E, depth 1820-1880 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra decipiens Kotlyar, 2008. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra frontosa (Garman, 1899) - frontosa ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes frontosus Garman [S.], 1899:67] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Eastern Pacific, 23°16'N, 107°31'W, 852 fathoms, 23°59'N, 108°40'W, 995 fathoms, Albatross stations 3430 and 3431, depth 852-995 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra frontosa (Garman, 1899). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra gibbsi Parin & Borodulina, 1989 - Gibbs' ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra gibbsi Parin [N. V.] & Borodulina [O. D.], 1989:1028 [164], Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 29 (no. 6); ref. 20169] Eastern Pacific, 19°33'S, 81°36'W, depth 0-500 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra gibbsi Parin & Borodulina, 1989. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern South Pacific from equator to 35°S; South America to New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra glochidiata Kotlyar, 2008 - Bight ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra glochidiata Kotlyar [A. N.], 2008:560, Fig. 5] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 8); ref. 29825] Great Australian Bight, 34°04'S, 128°02'E, depth 1140-1250 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra glochidiata Kotlyar, 2008. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Great Australian Bight, southern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra indooceanica Kotlyar, 2008 - indooceanica ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra indooceanica Kotlyar [A. N.], 2008:556, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 8); ref. 29825] Subtropical Indian Ocean, 23°35'S, 100°20'E, depth 1624 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra indooceanica Kotlyar, 2008. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Subtropical Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra jucunda Kotlyar, 2010 - jucunda ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra jucunda Kotlyar [A. N.], 2010:239, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 30796] Southeastern Pacific, 8°53'E, 80°36'W, depth 1000 to 0 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra jucunda Kotlyar, 2010. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern and central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra kukuevi Kotlyar, 2008 - Kukuev's ridgehead (author) [=Poromitra kukuevi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2008:562, Fig. 6] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 8); ref. 29825] Western tropical Atlantic, 10°29'S, 27°03'W, depth 480-810 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra kukuevi Kotlyar, 2008. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra macrophthalma (Gilchrist, 1903) - Gilchrist's ridgehead (author) [=Plectromus macrophthalmus Gilchrist [J. D. F.], 1903:205, Pl. 13 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Marine Investigations in South Africa. v. 2; ref. 1645] Cape Point Lighthouse, bearing S.83°E. distance of 35.5 miles, South Africa, depth 360 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra macrophthalma (Gilchrist, 1903). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean and western to central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra megalops (Lutken, 1878) - Lutken's ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes megalops Lütken [C. F.], 1878:176 [2], Pl. 5 (figs. 1-3)] Notes: [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1877; ref. 17567] South of Azores, northeastern Atlantic (stomach content). Current status: Valid as Poromitra megalops (Lütken, 1878). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Atlantic Ocean (Kotlyar 2010), possibly southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra nigriceps (Zugmayer, 1911) - Zugmayer's ridgehead (author) [=Poromitrella nigriceps Zugmayer [E.], 1911:7] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 193; ref. 6161] Off Azores, northeastern Atlantic, 37°04'N, 28°39'W, Princesse Alice station 2244, depth 0-3000 meters. Current status: Valid as Poromitra nigriceps (Zugmayer,1911). Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra nigrofulva (Garman, 1899) - nigrofulvus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes nigrofulvus Garman [S.], 1899:64, Pls. D (fig. 2), 72 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Southern Gulf of Panama, 6°21'N, 80°41'W, Albatross station 3382, depth 1793 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra nigrofulva (Garman, 1899). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra oscitans Ebeling, 1975 - yawning [=Poromitra oscitans Ebeling [A. W.], 1975:308, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1975 (no. 2); ref. 7105] Eastern Banda Sea, Indonesia, western Pacific, 5°28'S, 130°39'E, Dana station 3677(1), 0-5000 meters wire out. Current status: Valid as Poromitra oscitans Ebeling, 1975. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Baja California (Mexico) to Peru, north to Ogasawara Islands, waif at New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra rugosa (Chapman, 1939) - rugosa ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes rugosus Chapman [W. M.], 1939:535, Fig. 69] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 86 (no. 3062); ref. 817] Eastern North Pacific, 55°32'N, 136°25'W. Current status: Valid as Poromitra rugosa (Chapman, 1939). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Poromitra unicornis (Gilbert, 1905) - unicorn ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes unicornis Gilbert [C. H.], 1905:615, Pl. 77 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Vicinity of Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 4142, depth 632-881 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Poromitra unicornis (Gilbert, 1905). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Philippines to Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Scopeloberyx Zugmayer, 1911 - ridgeheads [=Scopeloberyx Zugmayer [E.], 1911:8] Notes: [ref. 6161]. Masc. Scopeloberyx opercularis Zugmayer, 1911. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Zugmayer 1911 (Dec.):103 [ref. 4846]. •Valid as Scopeloberyx Zugmayer, 1911 -- (Maul 1973:346 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:444 [ref. 6898], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:110 [ref. 6441], Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:762 [ref. 13676], Ebeling 1986:430 [ref. 5651], Paxton et al. 1989:372 [ref. 12442], Kotlyar 1996:276 [ref. 23292], Moore & Paxton 1999:2202 [ref. 24787], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:317 [ref. 25968], Moore 2003:1163 [ref. 27002], Kotlyar 2004:6 [ref. 27590], Kotlyar 2004:582 [ref. 27867], Kotlyar 2004:725 [ref. 27961], Kotlyar 2005:21 [ref. 28178], Paxton et al. 2006:748 [ref. 28995], Bray 2008:410 [ref. 30620], Parin et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx Zugmayer, 1911. Melamphaidae.

Species Scopeloberyx bannikovi Kotlyar, 2004 - Bannikov's ridgehead (author) [=Scopeloberyx bannikovi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2004:736, Fig. 6] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 44 (no. 6); ref. 27961] Western Atlantic, 14°52'N, 73°49'W, depth 1500-0 meters over 3800-4184 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx bannikovi Kotlyar, 2004. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx malayanus (Weber, 1913) - malayanus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes malayanus Weber [M.], 1913:187, Scopeloberyx malayanus balushkini Kotlyar [A. N.], 2004:731, Fig. 4] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Manipa Strait, 3°20'S, 127°22.9'E, Siboga station 185, depth 1500-1536 m; Banda Sea, 3°32.5'S, 124°15.5'E, station 203, depth 1500-1536 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx malayanus (Weber, 1913). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Subspecies malayanus in the Indo-Pacific; subspecies balushkini in the southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (balushkini) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 44 (no. 6); ref. 27961] Southwestern Pacific, 35°19'S, 128°42'E, depth 5010-4900 meters. Current status: Synonym of Scopeloberyx malayanus (Weber, 1913). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Subspecies distribution is southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx maxillaris (Garman, 1899) - maxillaris ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes maxillaris Garman [S.], 1899:66, Pl. D (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Eastern Pacific, 1°07'N, 80°21'W, Albatross station 3398, depth 1573 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx maxillaris (Garman, 1899). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx microlepis (Norman, 1937) - Southern bigscale [=Melamphaes microlepis Norman [J. R.], 1937:87] Notes: [B. A. N. Z. Antarctic research expedition 1929-1931 v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 15294] Off Tasmania, Australia, 44°11'S, 143°46'E, depth 1717-0 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx microlepis (Norman, 1937). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx opisthopterus (Parr, 1933) - opisthopterus ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes opisthopterus Parr [A. E.], 1933:18, Fig. 7] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 6); ref. 3373] Off Cat Island, Bahamas, western Atlantic, 24°29'N, 75°53'W, 7000 feet wire out. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx opisthopterus (Parr, 1933). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx pequenoi Kotlyar, 2004 - Pequeno's ridgehead (author) [=Scopeloberyx pequenoi Kotlyar [A. N.], 2004:735, Fig. 5] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 44 (no. 6); ref. 27961] Eastern Pacific, 21°43'S, 81°04'W, depth 900-920 meters over 1270-1200 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx pequenoi Kotlyar, 2004. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx robustus (Gunther, 1887) - longjaw bigscale [=Melamphaes robustus Günther [A.], 1887:29, Melamphaes nigrescens Brauer [A.], 1906:283, Pl. 13 (fig. 4), Melamphaes nycterinus Gilbert [C. H.], 1915:326, Pl. 16 (fig. 6), Scopeloberyx opercularis Zugmayer [E.], 1911:8] Notes: [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] Mid-Atlantic, southwest of Sierra Leone, Challenger station 106, depth 1850 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx robustus (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through cold temperate seas (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (nigrescens) [Die Tiefsee-Fische v. 15; ref. 632] Gulf of Guinea; off southwestern Africa; northeastern New Amsterdam; northern Cocos Islands, Bengal Bay; Chagos, between Seychelles to Zanzibar (Tanzania). Current status: Synonym of Scopeloberyx robustus (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. (nycterinus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 48 (no. 2075); ref. 1632] Off Santa Catalina Island, southern California, U.S.A., 32°54'20"N, 121°11'15"W, Albatross station 4393, depth 2113-2259 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Scopeloberyx robustus (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. (opercularis) [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 193; ref. 6161] Off Portugal, 36°07'N, 10°18'W, Princesse Alice station 3036, depth 0-4740 meters. Current status: Synonym of Scopeloberyx robustus (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. Species Scopeloberyx rossicus Kotlyar, 2004 - rossicus ridgehead (author) [=Scopeloberyx rossicus Kotlyar [A. N.], 2004:591, Fig. 5] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 44 (no. 5); ref. 27867] North Pacific, 44°27'N, 140°06'E, depth 3940-1870 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx rossicus Kotlyar, 2004. Melamphaidae. Distribution: North Pacific eastward to Aleutian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopeloberyx rubriventer (Koefoed, 1953) - rubriventer ridgehead (author) [=Melamphaes rubriventer Koefoed [E.], 1953:27, Pl. 4 (fig. C)] Notes: [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 4 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 6486] Eastern North Atlantic, 36°53'N, 29°47'W, depth 3000 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopeloberyx rubriventer (Koefoed, 1953). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern North Atlantic: near the Azores. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Scopelogadus Vaillant, 1888 - ridgeheads [=Scopelogadus Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:141] Notes: [ref. 4496]. Masc. Scopelogadus cocles Vaillant, 1888. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Scopelogadus Vaillant, 1888 -- (Ebeling & Weed 1963 [ref. 4616], Maul 1973:344 [ref. 7171], Ebeling & Weed 1973:422 [ref. 6898], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:110 [ref. 6441], Maul in Whitehead et al. 1986:765 [ref. 13676], Ebeling 1986:431 [ref. 5651], Paxton et al. 1989:372 [ref. 12442], Kotlyar 1996:275 [ref. 23292], Moore & Paxton 1999:2202 [ref. 24787], Moore 2003:1163 [ref. 27002], Paxton et al. 2006:749 [ref. 28995], Bray 2008:41 [ref. 30620], Mincarone et al. 2014:1554 [ref. 33546]). Current status: Valid as Scopelogadus Vaillant, 1888. Melamphaidae.

Species Scopelogadus beanii (Gunther, 1887) - Bean's bigscale [=Melamphaes beanii Günther [A.], 1887:29, Plectromus crassiceps Bean [T. H.], 1885:73, Melamphaes eurylepis Holt [E. W. L.] & Byrne [L. W.], 1906:19, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] Western North Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Scopelogadus beanii (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Atlantic between 65°N and 40°S, Indian and Pacific oceans between 30°-40°S. Habitat: marine. (crassiceps) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 486); ref. 14440] Western North Atlantic, 41°40'30"N, 65°35'00"W, Albatross station 2094, depth 855 fathoms, 39°44'30"N, 71°04'00"W, Albatross station 2106, depth 1022 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Scopelogadus beanii (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine. (eurylepis) [Fisheries, Ireland, Scientific Investigations 1905, v. 2; ref. 15660] 50 miles west by north of Eagle Island, County Mayo, 54°57'N, 10°05'W, Ireland, depth 0-700 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Scopelogadus beanii (Günther, 1887). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopelogadus bispinosus (Gilbert, 1915) - twospine bigscale [=Melamphaes bispinosus Gilbert [C. H.], 1915:325, Pl. 15 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 48 (no. 2075); ref. 1632] Off Coronado Islands, near San Diego, California, U.S.A., Albatross station 4382, depth 642-666 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Scopelogadus bispinosus (Gilbert, 1915). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopelogadus mizolepis (Gunther, 1878) - ragged bigscale [=Scopelus mizolepis Günther [A.], 1878:185 [18], Scopelogadus cocles Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:143, Pl. 26 (figs. 6, 6a-e)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 2 (nos 7/8/9)(art. 2/22/28); ref. 2010] South of New Guinea off Aru Island; Molucca Islands, Indonesia, Arafura Sea, western Pacific, 5°41'S, 134°04'30"E, Challenger station 191, depth 800 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Scopelogadus mizolepis (Günther, 1878). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas (including Hawaiian Islands), but not eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (cocles) [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] Banc d'Arguin, in 1090 to 1250 meters; off Cape Verde Islands [eastern Atlantic], depth 3655 meters. Current status: Synonym of Scopelogadus mizolepis (Günther, 1878). Melamphaidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Scopelogadus unispinis Ebeling & Weed, 1963 - onespine ridgehead (author) [=Scopelogadus unispinis Ebeling [A. W.] & Weed [W. H., III], 1963:21, Fig. 11] Notes: [Dana Report No. 60; ref. 4616] Indonesia, 4°05'N, 128°16'E, Dana station D3678, depth about 1000 meters (2000 meters wire out) over bottom depth of 4700 meters. Current status: Valid as Scopelogadus unispinis Ebeling & Weed, 1963. Melamphaidae. Distribution: Tropical Indian and western Pacifics. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Sio Moss, 1962 - ridgeheads [=Sio Moss [S. A.], 1962:4] Notes: [ref. 3047]. Masc. Melamphaes (Plectromus) nordenskjoldii Lönnberg, 1905. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Sio Moss 1962 -- (Ebeling 1986:431 [ref. 5651], Paxton et al. 1989:372 [ref. 12442], Gon 1990:220 [ref. 21680], Kotlyar 1996:252 [ref. 23292], Moore & Paxton 1999:2202 [ref. 24787], Kotlyar 2002:32 [ref. 25959], Kotlyar 2004:7 [ref. 27590], Paxton et al. 2006:749 [ref. 28995], Bray 2008:412 [ref. 30620]). Current status: Valid as Sio Moss, 1962. Melamphaidae.

Species Sio nordenskjoldii (Lonnberg, 1905) - Nordenskjold's bigscale [=Melamphaes (Plectromus) nordenskjoldii Lönnberg [E.], 1905:765] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 28 (no. 23); ref. 15369] Northeast of Falkland Islands, 49°56'S, 49°56'W, open net at depths to 2700 meters. Current status: Valid as Sio nordenskjoldii (Lönnberg, 1905). Melamphaidae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal. Habitat: marine