Launching A New Institution: PACIFIC COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY

1995-1996 Launching a New Institution: The Pacific Council on International Policy 1995-1996 Established in cooperation with the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.

To the Members of the Pacific Council 1 on International Policy Launching a New Institution 2 Programs and Meetings 15 Visiting Scholars and Fellows Program 24 Board of Directors 25 Corporate sponsors 26 Individual Contributions 27 General and Program Support 29 Membership Policy 30 Membership Roster 31 Staff 36 Pacific Council on International Policy University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0035 (phone) 213-740-4296 (fax) 213-740-9498 (e-mail) [email protected] To the members of the Pacific Council on International Policy

n two years, the Pacific Council on International Policy has moved from a compelling vision to a vigorous and extraordinarily promising organization. We have made rapid progress in Iestablishing a leadership forum which will attract the participation of thoughtful and concerned leaders from throughout the western region of North America and around the entire Pacific Rim.

The Pacific Council’s founding and charter members believe that there is a clear and urgent need for an international policy organization rooted in the strengths of the western United States — its leaders, resources and diversity — but which will consistently and creatively look outward to the kinds of relationships that should be developed with our neighbors to the west in the Asia Pacific region and south in Latin America. It is essential to bring together a broad based group of leaders from around the Pacific Rim to consider the challenges that face us all and to make recommendations for policies that would contribute to growth and stability. Robert F. Erburu, chairman of the board In the narrative report on the Pacific Council that follows, Abraham Lowenthal describes the of the Pacific Council, many projects underway, the support and participation that has been enlisted, and the challenges and Hirotaro Higuchi, Pacific Council board our organization faces as it seeks to build and diversify the membership and develop its many pro- member and chairman, gram areas. All of us are grateful to Abe and his talented staff for what they are doing to build a Asahi Breweries, Tokyo vibrant institution. They will be grateful, in turn, if all of us read this account, share our reac- tions and suggestions, and join in building the kind of Council we want.

In launching this institution, we have been fortunate to have from the start the support of the University of Southern California and the Council on Foreign Relations of New York. On behalf of the board of directors of the Pacific Council, I want to convey our special thanks to President Steven Sample of USC and Council on Foreign Relations President Leslie H. Gelb and Chairman Pete Peterson. We are also enormously grateful to the foundations, corporations, governments and individuals who are providing the needed financial support, which has made it possible to begin the work of the Pacific Council.

The future of the Pacific Council is dependent on the active participation of our membership and the generosity of donors who believe in what we do. I urge you to take every opportunity to join in and support our activities.

Robert F. Erburu Chair, Board of Directors

1 Launching a New Institution

The Pacific Council on International Policy in 1995-96: Launching a New Institution

he Pacific Council on International connected with domestic problems. Policy is an independent and non- Designed and planned during 1994, Tpartisan leadership forum, based the Pacific Council was initiated early in in Los Angeles. It brings together diverse April 1995 when members of an informal leaders — primarily from the western Steering Committee incorporated the region of the United States but also from Council as a non-profit organization; elsewhere in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, constituted a Board of Directors and Pacific Asia, South America and Europe adopted by-laws; applied to the Internal — to exchange ideas and develop policy Revenue Service for 501(c)(3) tax status, recommendations on economic, social and which was soon granted; and invited a political issues with important interna- number of Founding Members to attend an tional dimensions. Inaugural Retreat, held in mid-May 1995. The Pacific Council aims to This report covers the development of inform and improve policy- the Pacific Council from its incorporation making in both the private in April 1995 through the end of Decem- and public sectors, to promote ber 1996. During this period, a relatively public understanding of global short time in the rhythm of institution- trends and their implications, building, the Pacific Council has been and to facilitate international successfully launched. We have attracted cooperation on shared con- an influential and committed Board and a cerns, particularly around the diverse group of members; recruited a Pacific Rim. It is premised on talented and energetic core staff; developed the belief that business, profes- infrastructure and software that will facili- sional and political leaders can- tate communications and exchange around not afford to be parochial when the Pacific Rim; crafted and strengthened borders are ever more perme- significant institutional relationships; able and when trade, finance, initiated a vigorous program of briefings, communications and culture workshops, Study Groups and Retreats; are all so relentlessly global. started a Visiting Fellows program; out- Established in cooperation lined a strategy for communications and with the Council on Foreign outreach; begun to design targeted efforts Abraham F. Lowenthal, to expand the participation of and outreach president of the Pacific Relations of New York and headquartered Council on the campus of the University of to communities not historically well- Southern California, the Pacific Council has represented in foreign policy discussions; nearly six hundred individual members. and adopted a diversified plan for the They include decision-makers in business Council’s medium and longer-term fund- and labor, politics and government, reli- ing. It is too early to be sure that the gion, the media, law, entertainment, sci- Pacific Council will take root and prosper, ence and technology, education and other but it is off to a promising start. professions — all of whom share the con- viction that international developments are increasingly significant and ever more

2 Board and Membership Progress toward these membership goals has been gratifying. As of December he Pacific Council’s Board current- 31, 1996, the Pacific Council has 591 ly includes thirty-four leaders from members, of whom some 80% reside in Tindustry and finance, law, the the western states, and nearly 10% each media and the academic world. In keep- east of the Rockies and ing with the Pacific Council’s regional, in 14 other countries. national and international character, the The Council’s members Board includes members from throughout include business lead- the western region of the United States; ers from many sectors: four members from the Atlantic seaboard; lawyers; accountants; and two international members (from publishers, editors, and Canada and Japan) with two others now journalists; religious being invited. Seven of the Board’s thirty- leaders; labor union two US members are African-American, officials; military Asian-American or Latino, and six are officers; creative artists; women. The Pacific Council’s Board scholars and academic members are committed and active; most administrators; state members serve on Board Committees (on and local government Membership, Finance and Development, officials; and officers of and Studies), or are officers of the Board, many kinds of non-governmental organiza- Linda Griego, Pacific Council board member and many have been attending Pacific tions. The Pacific Council’s members and president of Rebuild Council programs. include 225 from Los Angeles County, 145 LA (RLA), and Vilma S. others from California, and 118 from west- Martinez, partner in At its first meeting, the Board adopted Munson, Tolles & Olson detailed membership policies and proce- ern states other than California. About dures, summarized elsewhere in this report. 20% of the Pacific Council’s current US- The Board set a goal of attracting 1000 based members are female, while nearly members by June 30, 1998; it suggested as many are African-American, Asian- that 75% of that total should be persons American or Latino. resident in the western United States, with Plans for 1997 call for building a the other 25% divided among persons critical mass of Pacific Council members residing east of the Rockies or in other in Northern California and in Seattle to countries. The Board-adopted guidelines permit some programming in these popu- included commitments to seek diversity lation centers; significantly increasing the of professional background and political number of members elsewhere in the west- perspective; to incorporate women and ern states; substantially expanding interna- members of US minority groups which tional membership and participation, traditionally have not participated in for- especially in Canada, Mexico and East eign policy organizations; and to include Asia; reinforcing membership from high- younger people of leadership quality with tech industries, the entertainment and the potential to reach positions of senior other internationally-oriented businesses, responsibility. labor unions, community organizations, and from science and technology; and engaging a larger number of members in their thirties.

3 The Pacific Council has invested in a Affairs Council of Oregon and national custom-designed FoxPro data base which president of the National Council of World will soon include detailed information, Affairs Organizations; she has worked both obtained from questionnaires, on members’ on Asia and in Latin America and is experi- interests and on their preferences regarding enced in the administration and develop- Pacific Council programs. Based in part on ment of non-governmental organizations the data we have collected on members, we and in public affairs programming. have nearly completed a Membership Kristin Olson McKissick joined the Directory, to be made available only to staff in November 1995 as director of members of the Pacific Council in order to public affairs. A graduate of the Johns facilitate communication among them on Hopkins School of Advanced International issues of common interest and concern. Studies (SAIS) with experience at the World Bank and in a variety of media organizations, Ms. McKissick came to Staff the Council from Chicago, where she was director of communications and a program he Pacific Council officer for the Joyce Foundation. She has is assembling the worked on the Pacific Council’s efforts to Thigh-quality staff build effective links among its members it will need to translate and with the media, affinity organizations the Council’s vision into and policy influentials, and she designed reality. and supervised preparation and production Abraham F. Lowenthal of our first publications. is the Pacific Council’s Emma Cherniavsky, also a graduate of first president, and SAIS with World Bank experience, joined devotes a substantial share the Council’s staff in August 1996 as events coordinator, with responsibility — Former Los Angeles of his energy to the Council while also Mayor Tom Bradley and serving as a professor of international rela- under the supervision of Ms. Kennedy — Pacific Council board tions at the University of Southern for developing the Council’s program of member Robert Abernethy, president of American California (USC) and (until June 30, 1997) members’ meetings in Los Angeles and Standard Development as director of USC’s Center for in other major population centers of the Company International Studies. A recognized western states, and for planning and authority on Latin American and inter- coordinating conferences and the Annual American affairs, Dr. Lowenthal is also an Retreat. experienced institution-builder, having Andrea Neidorf was appointed as established and directed both the Latin director of membership affairs in mid- American Program at Washington’s November 1996, succeeding Col. (ret) Woodrow Wilson International Center Michael Fry, who had served on a one-year for Scholars and then the Inter-American contract. Ms. Neidorf, who took her mas- Dialogue, the premier think-tank and poli- ter’s degree in international affairs from cy forum on Western Hemisphere affairs. Columbia University in 1991, had been Charlotte Kennedy, who joined senior editor at the Business Council for the Pacific Council’s staff in July 1996, the United Nations in New York. She serves as vice president for programs and has primary responsibility for research administration, with broad authority as on membership prospects, staffing the Dr. Lowenthal’s deputy. Ms. Kennedy Board’s membership committee, and had been executive director of the World developing membership services, as well as

4 for collecting annual dues and coordinating supervises the Directory of Pacific Rim the campaign for individual voluntary Institutions on International Policy (described contributions. below), and Mr. Vest provides assistance to Michael Brownrigg, a career officer the Studies Program, works on the project of the Department of State, joined the concerning southern California’s interna- Council’s staff in September 1996 under tional connections, and supervises the rap- the auspices of the Department’s James porteuring of membership meetings. Pearson Program, which annually assigns Working with Mr. Bahamonde as part- five mid-career foreign service officers to time research assistants have been Mika serve for one year as staff associates in Chambers, Mohammed Hafez and Feng agencies and organizations relevant to Xu. A number of USC graduate students American foreign policy. Mr. Brownrigg’s have helped Mr. Vest with rapporteurial experience includes three years as an duties. economic officer with the US consulate in We have been fortunate to attract a Hong Kong, and a year as special assistant talented and dedicated group of adminis- to US Special Trade Representative Carla trative support personnel, including Joan Hills. His duties with the Pacific Council Elliott, executive assistant to the president; include helping to establish and staff a Claude Williams III, coordinator of micro- Corporate Advisory Board, designing computer information services; Glenda programming of interest to West Coast Jones, coordinator of membership services; business enterprises, and helping to carry Marla B. Echeverria, financial assistant; out a study of southern California’s strate- Stephen Lui, receptionist and word proces- gies for taking fuller advantage of its inter- sor; and Timothy Nelson, junior associate. national connections. One additional senior staff appointment As an interim step to begin planning and an additional junior appointment are for the broad involvement of members in contemplated. A director of studies, to be programs and studies, the Council has hired by spring of 1997, will have prime recruited Dr. Margaret P. Karns as a senior responsibility for developing and oversee- associate from November 1996 through ing the Council’s Studies Program, particu- June 1997. Dr. Karns, for the past ten larly its conferences, research projects, years director of the University of Dayton’s study groups, task forces and ongoing Center for International Studies, will sys- research seminars. A professionally tematically review the Pacific Council’s managed search is under way. membership expertise and interests to A junior associate — being recruited recommend projects that draw on our own from the African-American, Asian- intellectual resources and priorities, and American or Latino communities — will will also coordinate a task force to assure work closely with Dr. Lowenthal, Ms. that the Council makes effective use of Kennedy and the Director of Studies on a modern communications technologies for variety of program and administrative its activities. assignments, including research on “inter- Two program assistants round out the mestic” issues (those that combine ele- current program staff: Ramon Bahamonde, ments of domestic and international poli- a Peruvian lawyer with his MA in interna- cy), efforts to reach out to minority com- tional relations from USC, and L. Thomas munities, and strategies to use technology Vest, a PhD candidate in international effectively. affairs at USC with research and work experience in China. Mr. Bahamonde

5 Institutional participating actively. The CFR’s senior Relationships vice president and national director, Dr. Alton Frye, serves on the Pacific Council’s he Steering Committee agreed in Board, and Dr. Lowenthal participates in 1994 that no existing institution CFR Board meetings as a vice president Tin the western United States and deputy national director of the Council has been addressing the need the Pacific on Foreign Relations. Council is designed to help meet: to focus Cooperation in program planning and attention by the region’s leaders on a implementation are proceeding as agreed, broad range of salient international trends, jointly sponsored meetings take place problems and opportunities; to analyze regularly, and we anticipate that staff their implications for our region; and to and visiting fellows will be hosted on help construct effective responses. The an occasional and reciprocal basis. CFR Steering Committee also agreed that the President Leslie H. Gelb spoke at the Pacific Council should be organized as an Pacific Council’s Inaugural Retreat and in independent organization, not as a sub- May 1996 addressed a well-attended Los sidiary of any other, and that it should Angeles meeting. CFR Study Groups are seek mutually supportive relationships being showcased in the West through the with institutions that share common Pacific Council, and the Pacific Council’s interests. China Study Group has a CFR staff partici- Within this framework, we have worked pant and hopes to present its findings in to build primary strategic alliances with New York. the Council on Foreign Relations and with We are equally pleased about our the University of Southern California, to relationship with the University of forge close working relationships with the Southern California (USC), where the Times Mirror Company and with RAND, Pacific Council is headquartered. With and to build cooperative ties with a host of the encouragement of USC President other institutions throughout the western Steven Sample, other senior university states, on the Atlantic coast of the United officials, and Dr. Lowenthal’s colleagues States, and in other countries. Our in the School of International Relations, approach is to focus on the tasks for the Pacific Council has been launched with which we believe we have a comparative considerable support from the University. advantage — and to avoid duplicating or USC has provided office and other facilities unnecessarily competing with the efforts in the suite of the Center for International of other organizations. Studies (CIS), and has also provided We are pleased by our partnership support from the CIS endowment income agreement with the Council on Foreign budget for staff and seed-money expendi- Relations (CFR), the country’s premier tures. The University has made the formal non-governmental foreign affairs organiza- application for foundation support for the tion, now celebrating its 75th anniversary. Pacific Council in many cases, has acted Under the terms of this agreement, all the as fiscal agent for these and other funds, approximately 340 CFR members resident and has employed the Pacific Council’s in the western states have been offered personnel. All this support was made membership in the Pacific Council; as available for an initial period at the of December 31, 1996, some 280 CFR personal request of Dr. Lowenthal, who members in the West had accepted Pacific invited the relevant parties at USC to Council membership and many of them are invest in helping to build the Pacific

6 Council because it would be in the best benefits of close association with a major interest of southern California, and of USC, research university without the constraints for such an organization to develop and to that might arise from being a unit of any be housed on the campus. university. With the Pacific Council’s rapid growth We have built less formal cooperative and the expansion of its needs for space and relationships with the Times Mirror other facilities, and with Dr. Lowenthal’s Company (and the Los Angeles Times, the period as CIS director scheduled to end largest and most influential newspaper next June, the University (at the level of in the western region), and with RAND, the Provost) and the Pacific Council have one of the West’s most important “think negotiated a new and more formal institu- tanks.” Former Times tional accord, based on recognizing the Mirror chairman and CEO synergy between the Pacific Council and Robert F. Erburu chairs the USC. That synergy flows both from the Pacific Council Board, Los Pacific Council’s mission and from the Angeles Times editor Shelby University’s Strategic Plan, which calls Coffey, III participates on for emphasizing USC’s international the Board and chairs its dimension and links, especially with the Committee on Studies, and a Pacific Rim and Latin America, as well as number of other persons the special qualities of southern California from Times Mirror and the and the western region more generally. Los Angeles Times — corpo- The agreement, signed in September rate officials, editors and 1996, will be in effect through June 30, journalists — participate 1999 and can be extended or renegotiated actively in the Council. by mutual agreement for successive two- Pacific Council Board meet- year periods thereafter. USC will make ings have frequently been available to the Council prime space in held at Times Mirror, as the heart of campus, adjacent to CIS, on a have some events. subsidized basis; USC will extend to the RAND has taken a positive interest in Speaker Mathea Falco Pacific Council’s staff and Visiting Fellows the Pacific Council concept from the start, at a forum on “U.S. Drug Control Policy: all the benefits accruing to regular when it helped to fund the “brainstorm- Focus on Mexico,” University appointees; the University ing” meeting at which the Pacific Council co-sponsored with will administer and account for certain was first designed. RAND President the Council on Foreign funds on behalf of the Pacific Council; James Thomson chaired the Pacific Relations and USC and the Pacific Council will Council-CFR 1995-96 Study Group on work cooperatively to attract speakers, “Rethinking U.S. Interests”; more than short-term distinguished visitors, and half a dozen RAND experts have served longer term Visiting Fellows to the as speakers or “designated discussants” at campus as well as to organize occasional Pacific Council events; a Pacific Council on-campus activities. USC’s Provost will members’ meeting with Francis Fukuyama serve on the Pacific Council Board (along was held at RAND with the participation with the Chancellor of UC Berkeley and of members of the Advisory Board of the Provost of Stanford, who were invited RAND’s Center for Asia Pacific Policy in their individual capacities) so long as (CAPP); and during 1996-97 CAPP is the Council’s principal headquarters remain joining with the Pacific Council to co- on the USC campus. We believe the agree- organize and co-sponsor a six-session Study ment provides the Pacific Council the Group on “The Future of China,” discussed

7 in greater detail below. Finally, the work we have been doing We are building ties of a less intense or to produce the Directory of Pacific Rim extensive nature with a wide variety of Institutions on International Policy puts us in organizations, including a number of touch with and in a position to be helpful World Affairs Councils and Committees on to counterpart organizations in East Asia, Foreign Relations in the western states, Oceana, Canada, Mexico and South Town Hall of Los Angeles and the America, thus building relationships that Commonwealth Club in San Francisco, could be very significant over time. The the Asia Society, the Asia Foundation, the Directory provides concise profiles of some Washington International Trade Council, 290 international policy institutions the Washington State China Council and around the Pacific Rim, institutions which the APEC Studies Center at the University ought to be aware of and networked with of Washington, the Institute of the each other; there is no comparable source. Americas, the Public Policy Institute of California, and a host of college and university-based programs from Seattle Building Programs and Provo to San Diego and Phoenix. We have cooperated he Pacific Council has begun to selectively with a variety facilitate the exchange of ideas, of institutions from the Tinformation and analysis on inter- eastern part of the United national issues, and to generate insights States who are beginning about these issues by drawing on the to see the Pacific Council experience and distinct perspectives of as the interlocutor of our membership. choice when they seek to We have held some 40 membership connect with the interna- meetings and briefings (fully listed later in tional policy community this report) on issues ranging from trends of the western states. We in China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia have already organized joint conferences in Michael Murtaugh, and Taiwan to economic regionalism, “big director of public relations Los Angeles with the International Forum emerging markets,” ethnic conflict, immi- for Network International on Democratic Studies of the National gration policy, narcotics, peace-keeping and Services of AT&T; Michel Endowment for Democracy and with the Oksenberg, senior fellow the relation of social values and institutions at Stanford University; Foreign Policy Project of the Overseas to economic development. Each meeting Richard Drobnick, vice Development Council and the Henry L. has featured a well-qualified speaker; most provost for international affairs, University of Stimson Center, both of Washington. We have also drawn upon a “designated discus- Southern California have agreed in principle to co-sponsor pro- sant” with a different perspective, and all grams in the next year with the American have stimulated the comments and ques- Assembly, the Inter-American Dialogue, tions of members. the Women’s Foreign Policy Group, the In addition to these periodic briefings, Center for Strategic and International held at the rhythm of two to three per Studies (CSIS) and the Center for National month, we have organized membership Policy. A proposed bilateral China-United retreats as well as several different work- States American Assembly, to be held in shops and Study or Discussion Groups. San Francisco, would be a major part of the Our most visible programming activi- Council’s program in 1997. ties during this first eighteen months have been the Annual Retreats — in May 1995 (in Los Angeles) and in September 1996

8 (in San Francisco). These events have each received at the national attracted about 125 members of the Pacific conference organized Council for intense exchanges on key top- by CFR at the Wye ics. At each Retreat, participants chose conference center in three topics from a “menu” of five and Maryland. participated in three different 2 1/2 hour Under the chair- discussions with about twenty-five other manship of former members; each discussion was chaired by Congressman Mel a Pacific Council Board member or other Levine, and with appropriate person and led by an expert Professor Jonathan on the topic, who prepared a brief advance Aronson of USC as paper to frame the discussion. The list Study Director, we have also been holding Joe Clark, Pacific Council board mem- of topics for our two Retreats is included a series of discussions on “International ber and former Prime in this report; the Pacific Council’s first Intellectual Property Policy”; these meet- Minister of Canada, and Kathleen Brown, publication, Coping With An Uncertain ings will lead to a brief policy report, to be senior vice president, World, provides highlights from the distributed early in 1997. Bank of America Inaugural Retreat, and a report on the During 1996-97 we are significantly second Retreat will soon be released. strengthening our incipient Studies In close cooperation with the Program. We have launched two structured International Forum on Democratic Study Groups, with one on the “The Studies of the National Endowment for Future of China” co-organized and co-spon- Democracy, we co-organized and hosted a sored by RAND’s Center for Asia Pacific two-day workshop on “Constructing Policy and one on “The American West Democracy and Markets: Comparing Latin and the International Economy.” Each America and East Asia.” This stimulating Study Group has a Study Director or exchange, involving scholars and practi- Directors and a Study Group Chair (Gareth tioners from East Asia and Latin America, Chang, senior vice president of Hughes resulted in an excellent report, copies of Electronics, in the case of the China study; which are available from the Pacific Professor Earl Fry of Brigham Young Council. University, in the case of the study on the In cooperation with the Foreign Policy western states). Each has a fixed group of Project of the Overseas Development invitees from throughout the western Council and the Henry L. Stimson Center, states, international participation, rappor- we co-organized and hosted a half-day teur’s reports of each session, and the aim western regional forum on “The United of generating a report sharing conclusions States and Asia in the 21st Century,” one of from the group’s deliberations. a series of regional meetings feeding into In addition to members’ briefings, the Foreign Policy Project’s forthcoming workshops and conferences, Study Groups, Strategy Group report. and the Annual Retreat, the Pacific In cooperation with the Council on Council contemplates organizing Task Foreign Relations, we held five meetings Forces from time to time. These Task during 1995-96 of a western regional dis- Forces would engage relatively small num- cussion group on “Rethinking U.S. bers of members in focused efforts to reach Interests,” one of a number of parallel findings and recommendations on specific groups meeting around the country. The policy issues, particularly those on which Los Angeles-based group produced a there is significant interest and expertise framework for analysis which was well among the Council’s membership.

9 Visiting Scholars and Fellows ment relations in Mexico; James McGuire (associate professor, Wesleyan University) ather than build a large in-house on comparative development strategies and long-term research staff, the and the role of human resource investment RPacific Council expects to work in East Asia and Latin America; and cooperatively with research centers and Andrew Wyatt-Walter (Fellow, St. individual experts, and to help connect Antony’s College, University of Oxford) the expertise of decision-makers, policy on corporate preferences relating to inter- influentials, and broader attentive publics. national investment agreements, with We do not envision the Pacific Council as particular reference to the Asia Pacific primarily a research institute, but rather region. The International Visiting Fellow as a policy forum, a network node, and is Eduardo Martínez Curiel, a mid-career a catalyst for foreign service officer from the Mexican regional, national Foreign Ministry who has served in China, and international Japan, the United Kingdom, Belgium and consideration of as Consul General in Sacramento; he is key topics of helping the Pacific Council expand its interest to our Mexican membership and participation, membership. conducting research on Mexico-California To fulfill these relations, and assisting with the develop- roles well, the ment of the International Visiting Fellows Pacific Council program. needs to mobilize The full-scale International Visiting relevant expertise, Fellows program is still being designed, to craft effective but preliminary plans call for attracting six ways to draw sys- to eight Fellows to Los Angeles each year: tematically upon one each from Canada, Mexico, China and international per- Japan and two to four from other countries, Robert Hormats, mainly from around the Pacific Rim. Pacific Council spectives, and to use these assets to help board member and assure that the Pacific Council contributes Fellows would come in approximately vice chairman of significant value-added to analysis and equal numbers from four sectors: mid- Goldman Sachs career government officers, media persons, International, and policy discussion on the issues it addresses. Peter Passell, The To help meet these needs, we have scholars, and officials with non-governmen- New York Times begun a Visiting Scholars program and tal organizations. The International have also initiated an International Visiting Visiting Fellows would each work on his Fellows program which we expect will be or her own project, participate actively and a major component of the Pacific Council provide international perspectives on the from 1997 on. full range of Pacific Council programs, and During this first year, we have been engage in additional activities (field trips, able to attract four Visiting Scholars and seminars, etc.) designed and carried out one International Visiting Fellow. Four by the Fellows themselves. Funding for academic researchers are each devoting a the proposed program is being sought year to work on individual projects: Daniel primarily from the sending countries. Lynch (PhD, University of Michigan) on communications and politics in China; Kristin Johnson Ceva (PhD candidate, Stanford University) on business-govern-

10 Communications, Council Study Groups or Public Affairs Task Forces. We are com- and Outreach mitted to using innovative techniques and technolo- We have been laying the foundation gies to engage our far-flung for an effective public affairs program and international membership, planning a communications strategy that a unique and potentially we will begin implementing in 1997. significant asset, in sub- We have begun by building links with stantive exchanges of infor- major media organizations and individuals, mation and ideas. mainly in the western states, and involving We have designed Pacific journalists, editors, and publishers in vari- Council Dateline, a periodic newsletter (pub- Richard Mallery, ous program activities. We have had active lished three times per year); the first issue Pacific Council board member participation in programs thus far from was sent out in December. We will also and partner in people at the Los Angeles Times, San Diego inaugurate soon a series of “policy briefs,” Snell & Wilmer, drawing on Pacific Council meetings, Phoenix, and Union-Tribune, San Jose Mercury News, Leslie H. Gelb, Orange County Register, San Francisco workshops, Task Forces and Study Groups. president of the Examiner, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Salt Lake Council on Foreign Relations City Tribune and Dallas Morning News; we have members as well from the Denver Post, Engaging Participation the Sacramento Bee and other papers. We from the African-American, have also established good links with Asian-American and Latino Yomiuri Shimbun, Asahi Shimbun and Nikkei Communities in Tokyo, and with Reforma in Mexico City. We have close and open communications he Pacific Council has been com- with the editors of Foreign Affairs, Foreign mitted from the start to involving Policy and New Perspectives Quarterly (NPQ), and gaining strength from partici- and have already placed material from our T pation by leaders of groups not historically programs in NPQ. well-represented in foreign affairs discus- Having built ties to media outlets and sions and foreign policy formulation, espe- affinity organizations, our key challenges cially persons from the African-American, for 1997 and subsequent years are to have Asian-American and Latino communities. significant information and analysis about We also seek the involvement of individu- policy issues to communicate, and to devel- als from community-based organizations, op the most effective formats for transmit- trade unions and other domestically- ting our messages to priority audiences and oriented institutions and individuals interlocutors. whose decisions, while not traditionally We expect to concentrate first on conceived as foreign policy-oriented, have improving communications among important international sources and our own membership; the previously- implications. mentioned Membership Directory will With the active encouragement and advance this process. During 1997, we support of the Board’s Membership propose to study the feasibility of and, Committee, the Pacific Council staff has if possible, design and initiate private devoted substantial efforts to identifying Internet (or “intranet”) connections linking membership prospects of minority back- members concerned about specific issue ground; the results have been gratifying, areas and/or working together on Pacific as reported above. The percentage of

11 African-American, Asian-American and Establishing a Viable Latino members among members resident Funding Strategy in the western states recruited directly by the Pacific Council is more than twice as rom the start, the Pacific Council’s high as the percentage of minority persons Board and staff have been keenly among those whose membership came Faware of the need to design and from their previous involvement in the begin to implement a diversified funding Council on Foreign Relations, for instance. strategy that can enable the Council to Priority efforts to identify additional sustain and enhance its activities over minority candidates continue. time. In the next stage, the Pacific Council At its second meeting, the Board will devote substantial effort to engage approved a medium-term development minority background members more fully, strategy calling for support primarily from and to reach out four different sources: foundations, corpora- especially to minor- tions, individuals, and international sources. ity communities. It was agreed that the Council should A Task Force of seek support from as broad and diverse a minority back- group of foundations as possible, primarily ground members is for general and broad program support being asked to help in the initial phase but with the under- choose speakers and standing that most foundation backers topics for the would prefer to provide project support as Pacific Council’s the organization matures. Support from agenda; the Pacific nine different foundations totaling more Council will make than $2,000,000 has already been extended such speakers avail- to the Council, and there are encouraging able not only for indications that grant renewals and support our programs but from some new foundation sources will be also to community obtained. organizations and Eighteen different corporations have media outlets become Founding Corporate Sponsors to focused on minority date, committing themselves to multi- communities. year support at the level of $15,000 per Speaker Joseph S. Nye, Jr., dean of the The Task Force will also help the Pacific year each. Based on the recommendations Kennedy School at Council organize a workshop in 1997 on provided by McKinsey and Company on a Harvard University, the international interests of the African- discussing “East pro bono basis during the summer of 1996, Asia: Changing American, Asian-American and Latino the Pacific Council’s Board has set a goal of Balance of Power” communities. expanding by December 1997 to at least To complement and reinforce these thirty the number of such lead Corporate efforts and add a training component, we Sponsors. Prospects for corporate support are recruiting a junior associate of minority should be highest from firms which have background (as noted above) who will strong international interests, particularly work directly with Dr. Lowenthal, being in the Pacific Rim; those based or at least trained for a career in international policy active in the western region; and those while helping the Council develop its which contribute significantly to other various programs, especially its work on public policy institutions. The Board’s “intermestic” issues. Finance and Development Committee is

12 designing a carefully-targeted campaign within this framework. A Corporate Advisory Board will be established early in 1997 to help the Council design and carry out programs of interest to business executives. Support from individuals totaling more than $210,000 has come thus far from membership dues and voluntary contribu- tions. Strongly encouraged by the McKinsey report’s recom- mendations, the Board’s Finance and Development Committee has committed Jonathan Pollack, senior advisor on international policy, RAND; Gareth Chang, itself to an ambitious plan chair of the Study Group on “The Future to triple voluntary individ- of China” and president of Hughes ual contributions by the end International; Abraham Lowenthal of 1998. Members of the Committee have established a special fund from their own contributions which will match individual con- tributions of $1,000 or more that are pro- Adrienne Medawar, vided to the Council during this fiscal year. president of Town Hall The Board has agreed that the Pacific Los Angeles, and Toru Kusukawa, chairman of Council shall consider international sup- Fujii Research Institute, port a prospectively significant part of the Tokyo Council’s development strategy, and we are developing programs and building rela- Robert Erburu and Agostino Rocca, president and CEO of TECHINT, tionships that could provide a basis for Buenos Aires such support. General institutional sup- port and project support will be sought in special cases, although most of our interna- quickly from initial concept to fledgling tional support in the first years will be institution. devoted to funding the International By the same token, the Pacific Council Visiting Fellows Program. is still a fragile plant, one that will require careful nurturing if it is to take root, expand and deepen the engagement of its Towards the Future: membership, strengthen its programs and The Pacific Council’s enhance their impact, institutionalize its Second Phase functions and professionalize its staff, and build a reliable funding base sufficient he Pacific Council has begun well. to sustain and augment its programs and The Council’s mission, organizing services. Tprinciples and program initiatives have been favorably received. Few com- • Recruiting nearly 600 individual members parable ventures have matured more in such short order has been a signal achieve-

13 ment, but now we must involve a larger number • Conducting discussions and focused research of our members more actively in order to retain, on the familiar agenda of international policy strengthen, and gain from their participation. topics will be important, but some of our greatest We need to choose the topics, the formats, venues opportunities to contribute may well be on the and techniques — including innovative uses of new agenda of issues involving the interplay of technology — which will help us engage our domestic and international considerations, the members most effectively. increasing role of non-state actors, and more diverse participation in the making of relevant • Recruiting a truly diverse membership from policies. different countries, professions, regions, ethnic backgrounds, ages, genders and political view- • The results of a vigorous and worthwhile points is an essential first step, but we must program of meetings, studies and publications assure that our programs are attractive to all need to be successfully communicated to various elements of our membership, including private audiences, especially through the print and elec- sector executives and international participants. tronic media. We need to devise and implement a first-rate communications program that will • Our growing international membership contribute ideas and analysis to policy-making gives the Pacific Council important special qual- in many different circles. ities, but we must devise procedures and create an institutional culture that successfully nurture • Designing from the start a development frank exchanges, transcending national and cul- strategy that draws on foundation grants and tural differences. on significant corporate and individual support from national and international sources is a • Holding high quality discussions on constructive beginning, but we will have to international policy issues among leaders from expand, solidify and diversify our funding to different sectors responds to a heretofore largely assure a sustainable effort. unmet need in our region, but we are not yet contributing enough value-added to national Our work is cut out for us. We have and international discussions on the basis of designed an important and distinct mis- our own substantive contributions and of our sion, engaged a core group of committed members’ expertise. colleagues, obtained significant start-up funding, and begun to offer high-quality • Stimulating and informing those members programs — but most of our work lies who participate in our meetings, Study Groups, ahead. and Retreats, while making a valuable contri- Institution-building is a complex bution to them and to the organizations where process, requiring the simultaneous mas- they work, is not sufficient. We need to share tery of intellectual, entrepreneurial, finan- insights from such events with our non-attending cial, political and administrative chal- members and with broader circles. Increasing lenges. To succeed will require determined our impact will depend in part on tailored and persistent effort, imagination and ener- efforts to reach beyond our membership to other gy, enthusiasm and participation from policy influentials in the United States and many quarters, and flexible support from abroad, and to wider constituencies. those in a position to provide it.

14 Meetings and Programs

1995 Program Year

January Topic: “The United States and East Asia: Beyond the APEC Meeting” Speaker: Hon. Winston Lord, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Discussant: Mr. Frank Gibney, Author, The Pacific Century

Topic: “Community and Capital: The Social Foundations of Economic Life” Speaker: Dr. Francis Fukuyama, Senior Researcher, RAND (Washington, D.C.) Discussant: Dr. Laurence Whitehead, Official Fellow in Politics, Nuffield College, Oxford, and Visiting Scholar, Center for International Studies, University of Southern California

Topic: “International Commercial Policy in the Twenty-first Century: Deepening Our Ties with the Big Emerging Markets” Speaker: Hon. Jeffrey E. Garten, Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade Discussant: Dr. Richard Drobnick, Vice Provost for International Affairs, University of Southern California

February Topic: “Korea’s Prospects for Unification, Democratization and Economic Liberalization” Speaker: Ambassador Donald P. Gregg, President, The Korea Society Discussant: Dr. Kongdan (Katy) Oh, RAND

March Topic: “Developing a Security Relationship with the Former Soviet Union” Speaker: Dr. Gloria Charmian Duffy, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense and Special Coordinator for Cooperative Threat Reduction Discussant: Dr. Robert Nurick, RAND

April Topic: “The Mexican Crisis” Speakers: Dr. Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra, Director General, Centro de Investigación y Docencias Económicas, Mexico City Dr. Laurence Whitehead, Official Fellow in Politics, Nuffield College, Oxford, and Visiting Scholar, Center for International Studies, University of Southern California

Topic: “Enlargement: Can the United States Effectively Promote Democracy Abroad?” Speaker: Dr. Thomas Carothers, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

15 May Topic: Briefing for the American Society of Newspaper Editors: Current Situations in China, Korea, and Vietnam Speaker: Dr. Robert A. Scalapino, Professor Emeritus, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley Discussants: Dr. Xiaoming Huang, Visiting Fellow, Center for International Studies, University of Southern California Dr. Stanley Rosen, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Southern California

June Topic “American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy” Speaker: Dr. John Rielly, President, Chicago Council on Foreign Relations Discussant: Mr. Thomas Plate, Editorial Page Editor, The Los Angeles Times

September Topic: “Prospects for Democracy in Russia” Speaker: Mr. Igor Malashenko, General Director, NTV Television, Moscow Discussant: Dr. Arnold Horelick, Resident Consultant, International Policy Department, RAND

Topic: “APEC as a Vehicle for Japan’s Engagement in Asia” Speaker: Mr. Tachi Kiuchi, Chairman, Mitsubishi Electric America Chair: Mr. Lawrence Clarkson, Senior Vice President, Planning and International Development, The Boeing Company

Topic: “The Future of U.S.-Japan Trade Relations” Speaker: Mr. Eamonn Fingleton, Author of Blindside: Why Japan is Still on Track to Overtake the U.S. by the Year 2000 Discussant: Mr. James Impoco, National Business Correspondent, U.S. News & World Report

October Topic: “Restructuring Japan’s Economy and Politics” Speaker: Mr. Akira Kojima, Deputy Chief Editorial Writer, Nihon Keizai Shimbun Discussant: Mr. James Impoco, National Business Correspondent, U.S. News & World Report

Topic: “Republic of Estonia: Current Reforms and Future Prospects” Speakers: Hon. Lennart Meri, President of the Republic of Estonia Hon. Riivo Sinijarv, Foreign Minister of the Republic of Estonia Hon. Toomas Iives, Estonian Ambassador to the United States

November Topic: “A Preview of the Russian Parliamentary Elections” Speaker: Dr. Michael McFaul, Department of Political Science, Stanford University Discussant: Dr. Jeremy Azrael, Director, Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, RAND

16 Topic: “Japan and the United States: Current Problems and Future Prospects” Speaker: Mr. Masakazu Toyoda, Director of the Americas Division, International Trade Policy, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan Discussant: Dr. Courtney Purrington, Center for Asia Pacific Policy, RAND

Topic: “U.S. Immigration Policy” Speaker: Ms. Doris Meissner, U.S. Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization

December Topic: “Social Capital and the Global Economy: The Role of Trust in Economic Competitiveness” John Cooke, executive vice Speaker: Dr. Francis Fukuyama, Author of Trust: Social Virtues and the Creation of president, corporate affairs, The Walt Disney Company, Prosperity (1995), and Senior Researcher, RAND (Washington, D.C.) and Pacific Council board Discussant: Dr. Ivan Light, Department of Sociology, University of California at Los Angeles member

1996 Program Year

January Topic: “The Mexican Shock: Its Meaning for the United States” Speaker: Dr. Jorge G. Castañeda, Professor of Political Science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and Author of The Mexican Shock

Topic: “Can Ethnic Conflict Be Reversed?” Panelists: Hon. Arnold Kanter, Senior Fellow, RAND Corporation, and Former Undersecretary of State Dr. Donald Rothchild, University of California, Davis Dr. David Lake, University of California, San Diego Joint program with the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California

Topic: “Rethinking U.S. National Interests” Caroline Leonetti Ahmanson, chairman Speaker: Dr. James Thomson, President and CEO of the RAND Corporation of the Los Angeles- Other Pacific Council participants also reported on a national conference organized Guangzhou Sister by the Council on Foreign Relations. City Association, and Marilyn Solomon, for- mer director of the Los Topic: Workshop on “Constructing Democracy and Markets: Comparing Angeles office of the U.S. Committee for East Asia and Latin America” UNICEF Co-Chairs: Dr. Abraham F. Lowenthal, President, Pacific Council Dr. Larry Diamond, Senior Research Fellow, The Hoover Institution Dr. Marc Plattner, Co-editor, Journal of Democracy, International Forum Co-sponsored by the International Forum for Democratic Studies, National Endowment for Democracy

17 Keynote: Hon. Carl Gershman, President, National Endowment for Democracy Democracy and Markets in East Asia Panelists: Dr. Yun-han Chu, National Taiwan University Dr. Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego Dr. Andrew MacIntyre, University of California, San Diego Dr. Minxin Pei, Princeton University Mr. Orville Schell, Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, Columbia University

Democracy and Markets in Latin America Panelists: Dr. Denise Dresser, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Dr. Albert Fishlow, Council on Foreign Relations, New York Dr. Terry Lynn Karl, Stanford University Dr. Anibal Romero, Harvard University

Constructing Democracy and Markets: Comparing East Asia and Latin America Panelists: Dr. Thomas Biersteker, Brown University Dr. Manuel Pastor, Occidental College Dr. Laurence Whitehead, Oxford University

February Topic: “Labor in the International Economy: Can Free Trade Be Reconciled With Workers’ Rights?” Panelists: Mr. Bruce Stokes, Senior Fellow and Director of Trade Programs, Council on Foreign Relations Dr. Carol O’Cleireacain, Economist and former Budget Director, City of New York Mr. Pharis Harvey, Executive Director, International Labor Rights and Education Research Fund Co-sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations

Pacific Council Topic: “Europe in a World Transformed” board members Willis Wood, Jr., Speaker: Ambassador J. Orstrom Moller, State Secretary, Royal Danish Foreign Ministry chairman and Discussant: Dr. F. Stephen Larrabee, Senior Policy Analyst, International Policy CEO of Pacific Department, RAND Enterprises, and Alton Frye, senior vice president, Topic: “Canada in Question” Council on Foreign Speaker: Rt. Honorable Kim Campbell, Canada’s first female Prime Minister (1993) Relations and author of Time and Chance Hosted by the Consul General of Canada, the Honourable Dennis Browne

Topic: “Investing in New and Emerging Markets” Speaker: Hon. Ruth Harkin, President and CEO, Overseas Private Investment Corporation Discussant: Mr. Robert Lovelace, Executive Vice President, Capital Research Management Company

18 March Topic: “Taiwan’s Presidential Elections and Implications for Relations with China” Speaker: Dr. Hung-mao Tien, President, Institute for National Policy Research, Taiwan

Topic: “Emerging Energy Markets: Growth Opportunities and Nuclear Safety Hazards” Speaker: The Honorable Hazel O’Leary, Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy Moderator: Mr. Robert F. Erburu, Chairman of the Board, Pacific Council on International Policy Co-sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations

Topic: “The Future of U.S.-Mexico Relations” Speaker: The Honorable James R. Jones, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Discussant: Mr. Sergio Muñoz, Editorial Board, The Los Angeles Times Co-sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations

April Topic: “Does United Nations Peacekeeping Have a Future After Bosnia?” Speaker: Dr. Shashi Tharoor, Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of the United Nations for Peacekeeping Operations

Topic: “The U.S. and Asia in The 21st Century” Speakers: Dr. Daniel Okimoto, Co-Director, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University Dr. Jack Goldstone, Professor, Sociology Department, University of California, Davis Dr. Abraham F. Lowenthal, Director, Center for International Studies, University of Southern California Joint program and workshop with the Foreign Policy Project of the Henry L. Stimson Center and the Overseas Development Council, Washington D.C.

Topic: “East Asia: Changing Balance of Power” Speaker: Dr. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Topic: “Mexico Since NAFTA - Political Assassinations, Guerrilla Raids, the Peso’s Collapse; A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the U.S.’s New Free Trade Partner” Speaker: Mr. Andres Oppenheimer, Foreign Correspondent and Columnist for The Miami Herald Discussant: Mr. David Gaddis Smith, Foreign Editor, San Diego Union-Tribune

May Topic: “We Can Have A Foreign Policy” Speaker: Dr. Leslie H. Gelb, President, Council on Foreign Relations Co-Sponsored with the Council on Foreign Relations

Topic: “Insights for Business in Asia” Speakers: Mr. James Shinn, Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, and Director, The Asia Project Dr. David B. H. Denoon, Professor of Politics and Economics, New York University Moderator: Gareth C. C. Chang, President, Hughes International Corporation

19 June Topic: “Managing U.S. Relations with China” Speaker: Ambassador Chas. W. Freeman, Jr., Chairman, Projects International Associates, and former State Department country director for China

Topic: “Russia After the Elections” Panelists: Mr. Glyn Davies, Deputy Spokesman and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, U.S. State Department Dr. Arnold Horelick, Resident Consultant, International Policy Department, RAND

Shelby Coffey, III, Dr. Larry T. Caldwell, Cecil H. and Louise Gamble Professor of Politics, executive vice president Occidental College and editor of The Los Angeles Times and September board member of the Pacific Council Topic: “China After Deng” Speaker: Dr. William Overholt, Managing Director, Bankers Trust, Hong Kong

Topic: “Prospects for Mexico’s Future” Speaker: Sr. Felipe Calderón, President, Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), Mexico

Topic: “Is Free Trade Losing or Gaining Ground?” Speaker: Mr. Thomas “Mack” McLarty, Counselor to President Clinton

October Topic: “U.S. Drug Control Policy: Focus on Mexico” Chair: Hon. Mathea Falco, President, Drug Strategies, and Chair of the Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Task Force on U.S. Drug Control Policy Comments: Sr. Miguel Ruiz Cabañas, Coordinator of Special Affairs and Drug Control, Mexican Foreign Ministry Dr. Peter H. Smith, Director, Center of Iberian and Latin American Studies, University of California, San Diego In cooperation with the Council on Foreign Relations

Topic: “The Clinton Administration’s Foreign Policy Agenda” Speaker: Ms. Nancy Soderberg, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs

November Topic: “Russian Defense and Security Policy” Speaker: Dr. Alexei Arbatov, Member of the Russian State Duma and Chair of the Duma Subcommittee on Defense

Topic: “Reflections on Russia’s Transition” Speaker: Ms. Anne Garrels, NPR Bureau Chief, Moscow, and Edward R. Murrow Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations

20 December Topic: “An Ambassador’s Role in the CNN Era” Speaker: Dr. Swanee Hunt, U.S. Ambassador to Austria In cooperation with the Women’s Foreign Policy Group, Washington, D.C.

1995 ANNUAL RETREAT – May 19 - 21, 1995, Marina del Rey, California

Keynote: “Coping With an Uncertain World,” Speaker Thomas Dr. Abraham F. Lowenthal, President, Pacific Council on International Policy “Mack” McLarty, counselor to President Clinton, Roundtable Discussions: and Gilbert Ray, partner in “Managing the World Economy” O’Melveny & Chair: Mr. Robert Hormats, Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs International Myers Discussion leader: Mr. Peter Passell, Economics Columnist, The New York Times

“The Changing Security Agenda” Chair: Dr. Gloria Charmian Duffy, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Discussion leader: Dr. Gregory F. Treverton, Director, Center for International Security and Defense Policy, RAND

“Balancing Human Rights and Environmental Concerns with Economic Growth and Expanded Trade” Chair: Mr. Shelby Coffey, III, Editor and Executive Vice President, The Los Angeles Times Discussion leader: Mr. Douglas P. Murray, President, The Lingnan Foundation

“Reforming Immigration and Refugee Policy” Chair: Ms. Lee Cullum, Syndicated Columnist, The Dallas Morning News Discussion leader: Dr. Michael Teitelbaum, Program Officer, The Sloan Foundation, and Vice Chair of the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform

“The Big Emerging Markets” Chair: Mr. Jon Huntsman, Jr., Vice Chairman, Huntsman Group Discussion leader: Dr. Albert Fishlow, Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations

Panel Discussion: “Perspectives on a Changing World” Moderator: Mr. Nathan Gardels, Editor, New Perspectives Quarterly Panelists: Hon. Jacques Attali, Former President, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Dr. Leslie H. Gelb, President, Council on Foreign Relations Mr. Yukio Okamoto, President, Okamoto Associates Hon. Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg, Minister of Strategic Affairs, Brazil Dr. James Steinberg, Director, Policy Planning, U.S. Department of State

21 1996 ANNUAL RETREAT – September 6 - 8, 1996, San Francisco, California

Keynote: Dr. Laura D’Andrea Tyson, National Economic Advisor

Roundtable Discussions: “Is Further Liberalization of Trade and Investment Still Likely?” Session chairs: Hon. Kathleen Brown, Senior Vice President and Managing Director, Investment Management Services Group, Bank of America Mr. Richard W. Fisher, Managing Partner, Fisher Capital Management Mr. Richard Mallery, Partner, Snell & Wilmer Discussion leader: Dr. Sylvia Ostry, Chairman, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto

“Domestic Welfare in a Global Economy” Session chairs: Mr. David K. Y. Tang, Managing Partner, Preston, Gates & Ellis Mr. Edward K. Hamilton, Chairman, Hamilton, Rabinowitz & Alschuler, Inc. Mr. Shelby Coffey, III, Editor and Executive Vice President, The Los Angeles Times Discussion leader: Mr. Richard Rothstein, Research Associate, Economic Policy Institute

“China’s Emergence and the International Order” Session chairs: Dr. Chang-Lin Tien, Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley Ms. Nancy Jarvis, Partner, Farrand, Cooper and Bruiniers Ms. Brenda Lei Foster, Executive Assistant to the Governor, State of Hawaii Discussion leader: Dr. Kenneth Lieberthal, Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan

“Mexico: Turning the Corner or Falling Apart?” Session chairs: Ms. Linda Griego, President and CEO, Rebuild Los Angeles (RLA) Mr. Mason Willrich, Chairman, EnergyWorks, Ltd. Mr. Gerald L. Warren, Editor-at-Large, San Diego Union-Tribune Discussion leader: Dr. Lorenzo Meyer, Centro de Estudios Internationales, El Colegio de México

“Weakening States and More Powerful Non-State Actors” Session chairs: Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Provost, Stanford University Hon. Alan W. Sullivan, President and CEO, Canadian Institute of International Affairs Ms. Lee Cullum, The Dallas Morning News and Associated Features Discussion leader: Dr. Jessica Tuchman Mathews, Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations

22 Panel Discussion: “The Changing World Role of the United States: International Perspectives” Moderator: Mr. Nathan Gardels, Editor, New Perspectives Quarterly Panelists: Hon. José Octavio Bordón, President, Fundación Andina, Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Jorge G. Castañeda, Professor of Economics and International Relations, National Autonomous University of Mexico Mr. Chen Xiaolu, Chairman, Standard International Company, Beijing, China Hon. Joe Clark, Former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Canada Mr. Yukio Okamoto, Okamoto Associates, Tokyo, Japan

J.D. Alexander, publisher and editor, The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and Patricia Davis, president, Washington Council on International Trade, Seattle

Yukio Okamoto, president of Okamoto Associates, Tokyo, and Jorge E. Castañeda, National Autonomous University of Mexico Richard W. Fisher, managing partner, Fisher Capital Management, Dallas, and Julia Chang Bloch, president of the U.S.- Japan Foundation

Lee Cullum, Dallas Morning News, and Pacific Council board member; Germaine Hoston, UC-San Diego; Jessica Tuchman Mathews, Council on Foreign Relations

23 Visiting Scholars and Fellows

The Visiting Scholars and Fellows Programs

policy Economic Liberalization in Mexico: 1985- forum 95,” which is based on field research in Aand a Mexico. She is also helping develop catalyst for Pacific Council programs on Mexico. regional, national and Dr. Daniel C. Lynch international hile at the Pacific Council, Daniel consideration of WLynch is writing journal articles key issues, the and a book based on his dissertation, Pacific Council which argues that economic reform and intends to work global integration are rapidly eroding the in close cooper- Chinese government’s traditional control ation with over propagandistic public communica- Brenda Lei Foster, research centers and individual experts. tions. He contributes to the Pacific executive assistant for To mobilize expertise on subjects of inter- national and interna- Council’s Study Group on “The Future of tional affairs to the est to our members, the Council has initi- China” and other China programs. Dr. Governor of Hawaii; ated a Visiting Scholars program and an Lynch received his Ph.D. in political sci- Minxin Pei, professor International Visiting Fellows program. at Princeton University; ence from the University of Michigan in Daniel Lynch, visiting During 1996-97, four Visiting Scholars August 1996. scholar at the Pacific and one International Visiting Fellow Council are pursuing their own research while Mr. Eduardo Martínez Curiel contributing to ongoing Pacific Council programs. duardo Martínez Curiel, a career Ediplomat in the Mexican Foreign Dr. Andrew Wyatt-Walter Service, is an International Visiting Fellow. He focuses on U.S.-Mexican rela- he first Visiting Scholar at the Pacific tions, and is helping to develop the TCouncil, Andrew Wyatt-Walter is an Fellows program and expand Mexican par- expert on the role of economic regionalism ticipation in the Council. Mr. Martínez - for example, Asia Pacific Economic Curiel comes to the Pacific Council after Cooperation (APEC) - on firms’ invest- having served in Beijing, Tokyo, Belgium, ment decisions. He has assisted the London, and Sacramento. Pacific Council with its Study Group on “Optimizing the International Dr. James W. McGuire Competitiveness of the Western United States,” and he has helped develop links ames McGuire, associate professor in with institutions in his native Australia. Jthe Department of Government at A fellow of St. Antony’s College at Wesleyan University, is analyzing why Oxford, he returns to the United East Asian countries such as Taiwan and Kingdom in January 1997 as a new chair South Korea have surpassed Latin at the London School of Economics. American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico in growth, equity, and Ms. Kristin L. Johnson Ceva poverty reduction. Dr. McGuire is also organizing a workshop for the Pacific ristin Johnson Ceva, a Ph.D. candi- Council on alternative development strate- Kdate in political science at Stanford gies designed to improve social equity. University, is preparing a dissertation on “Business-Government Relations and

24 Board of Directors

Pacific Council Board of Directors

MR. ROBERT F. ERBURU-CHAIRMAN MS. KAREN ELLIOT HOUSE Chairman (Retired) President, International Group, The Times Mirror Company Dow Jones and Company, Inc.

DR. ABRAHAM F. LOWENTHAL-PRESIDENT HON. JON HUNTSMAN, JR. Director, Center for International Studies Vice Chairman, Huntsman Group University of Southern California MR. BRUCE KARATZ MR. ROBERT ABERNETHY Chairman and CEO President, American Standard Development Company Kaufman & Broad Home Corporation

HON. MICHAEL H. ARMACOST MR. JESSIE J. KNIGHT, JR. President, The Brookings Institution Commissioner, California Public Utilities Commission DR. LLOYD ARMSTRONG, JR. Provost and Senior Vice President for MR. STEVEN KOLTAI Academic Affairs Chairman, CyberStudios, Inc. University of Southern California HON. MEL LEVINE MR. JOHN E. BRYSON Partner, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher Chairman & CEO, Edison International MR. RICHARD MALLERY THE RT. HON. JOE CLARK, P.C. Partner, Snell & Wilmer Joe Clark & Associates MR. MICHAEL MURRAY MR. SHELBY COFFEY, III Vice Chairman, Bank of America Editor & Executive Vice President The Los Angeles Times MR. LUIS G. NOGALES Chairman & CEO, Embarcadero Media, Inc. MR. LEWIS W. C OLEMAN Senior Managing Director DR. CONDOLEEZZA RICE Provost, Stanford University Montgomery Securities HON. PAMELA ANN RYMER MR. JOHN F. COOKE Judge, United States Court of Appeals Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs The Walt Disney Company DR. SUSAN L. SHIRK Director, Institute on Global Conflict & MS. LEE CULLUM Cooperation, University of California Syndicated Columnist, Dallas Morning News MR. JACKSON TAI DR. ALTON FRYE Managing Director, J.P. Morgan Co., Incorporated Senior Vice President & National Director Council on Foreign Relations MR. DAVID TANG Managing Partner, Preston, Gates & Ellis MS. LINDA GRIEGO President & CEO, Rebuild Los Angeles, (RLA) DR. CHANG-LIN TIEN Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley MR. EDWARD K. HAMILTON President, Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Alschuler, Inc. MR. GERALD L. WARREN Editor (Retired), San Diego Tribune MR. HIROTARO HIGUCHI Chairman, Asahi Breweries, Ltd. MR. MASON WILLRICH Chairman, EnergyWorks, Ltd. HON. ROBERT D. HORMATS Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs International MR. WILLIS B. WOOD, JR. Chairman & CEO, Pacific Enterprises

25 Founding Corporate Sponsors

Founding Corporate Sponsors:

ARCO

AT&T

Bank of America

The Boeing Company

The Capital Group

Chase Manhattan Bank

The Walt Disney Company

Edison International

First Interstate Bank of California

Hughes Electronics

IBM

Meeting of the board of directors of the Pacific Council J.P. Morgan Co., Incorporated

Kaufman and Broad Home Corporation

La Opinión

Microsoft Corporation

Pacific Enterprises

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher, & Flom

The Times Mirror Company

Warner Bros.

26 Individual Contributions

Individual Contributors

Benefactors Robert Abernethy John F. Cooke Edward K. Hamilton Anonymous Anonymous

Patrons John E. Bryson Dunson Cheng Glen Arthur Holden Jane and Ron Olson Lynda and Stewart Resnick Agostino Rocca John Roney George Russell

Sponsors Clarence Avant Toru Kusukawa Kathleen Brown David K. Lam Greyson Bryan Michael Levin Willie Campbell David K. P. Li Ronnie Chan Nancy Lieberman Lewis Coleman Richard Mallery Robert F. Erburu Michael Medavoy Richard W. Fisher Michael Murray James A. Gardner Michael Murtaugh Theodore Gildred Marc Nathanson Alan L. Gleitsman Nason Newport Sidney Harman Luis Nogales Rita Hauser Toshiaki Ogasawara P.J. Hovey Lynda Palevsky Paul Hsu Nicholas Rockefeller Jon M. Huntsman, Jr. Stanley K. Sheinbaum William H. Hurt Richard Sinkin Henry Hwang Marilyn Solomon Michael Intriligator Deborah Szekely Thomas V. Jones David K. Y. Tang Maureen Kindel Cyrus Vance Jessie J. Knight, Jr. Francis M. Wheat Thomas F. Kranz Willis B. Wood

Friends Leonard I. Beerman Gifford Combs Lee Cullum Linda Griego Mel Levine Robert Lovelace Gerald Warren

27 Contributors Lew Allen, Jr., Michael H. Armacost, Byron Auguste, Walter Beran, Mark Buchman, Dan Caldwell, Joe Clark, Shelby Coffey, III, Mike Farrell, Brenda Lei Foster, Alton Frye, Robert Gates, David Gergen, Arthur Greenberg, Jane Jaquette, Bruce Karatz, Steven Koltai, Nicholas Lardy, Abraham F. Lowenthal, Warren Luke, David Lyon, John D. Maguire, Edward Munger, Richard Pedersen, Condoleezza Rice, Pamela Ann Rymer, Robert Scalapino, Susan Shirk, George P. Shultz, James Strock, John T. Swing, Peter Wallace, Mason Willrich, Charles Wolf, Jr. and Michael Woo.

❦

The Council is grateful to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the California Community Foundation, The Capital Group, First Interstate Bank and Wells Fargo Bank, which have made contributions to match members’ personal donations.

The Pacific Council on International Policy expresses its appreciation to those individuals who have contributed financial support during the past year, and to those who will do so in the coming months. In several cases, personal contributions are in addition to Founding Corporate Sponsor support arranged by the individual.

The Pacific Council recognizes the following categories of individual contributions: Benefactors ($5,000+); Patrons ($2,500-$4,999); Sponsors ($1,000-$2,499); Friends ($500-$999); and Contributors (under $500). Tax deductible contributions to the Pacific Council may be sent directly to the Pacific Council on International Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0035.

Nathan Brostrom, vice president of the Public Finance Group of J.P. Morgan, and Ben Sherwood, freelance journalist

28 General and Program Support

Foundations

The Ahmanson Foundation The Carnegie Corporation of New York The Ford Foundation General Service Foundation The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation The James Irvine Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Program Support and Co-Sponsorships

Center for International Studies, University of Southern California Council on Foreign Relations Foreign Policy Project of the Henry L. Stimson Center and the Overseas Development Council Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California International Forum for Democratic Studies, National Endowment for Democracy RAND Southern California Studies Center, University of Southern California Women’s Foreign Policy Group

General Support

Government of Canada Government of Mexico

The Pacific Council expresses its appreciation to the listed contributors and sponsors and to all others who have offered their support.

29 Membership Policy

MEMBERSHIP POLICY

embership in the Pacific Council on International Policy is extended by invitation of the Board, upon recommendation of Mthe Pacific Council’s membership committee, to persons of leadership quality who have a demonstrated interest in and a capacity to contribute on international affairs. Membership will not be limited to those who define themselves as working primarily on interna- tional issues. Rather, it will include persons whose decisions and actions have important international aspects; whose work is significantly affected by international trends; whose effectiveness would be enhanced by partici- pating in structured explorations of international issues; and who intend to contribute to the Pacific Council’s consideration of such questions. The Pacific Council seeks the active participation of men and women of different backgrounds and pro- fessional and political perspec- tives, and strives to include persons from groups which have heretofore been under- represented in foreign policy discussions. The Pacific Council endeavors to maintain a balance among Masakazu Toyoda, Ministry participants from business, labor, politics and govern- of International ment, the media, law and other professions, and the Trade and academic community. Industry, Japan Members of the Pacific Council will be expected, as a condition of membership, to pay annual dues to the Council. Members

may also be asked to cover part of the Michael Woo, costs of certain activities and will be president of invited to support the Council voluntari- Independent ly, but the dues have been set so as to Fiber Network facilitate participation by all who are interested and qualified.

Catherine O’Neill, director of the Women’s Commission for Refugees

Michael Mooney, president of Lewis & Clark College, Portland, 30 Oregon Membership Roster

Membership Roster

A Bitterman, Mary Chen, Weishu Black, Shirley Temple Cheney, Stephen Allen Abernethy, Robert Blomstrom, Bruce A. Cheng, Dunson Agnew, Harold M. Bobbitt, Philip Chickering, A. Lawrence Ahmanson, Caroline L. Bodie, William C. Choi, Tina Yoojung Ainsley, P. Steven Boeker, Paul H. Chu, Victor Lap-Lik Alexander, J. D. Boeninger, Edgardo Clark, Joe Alker, Hayward Bookout, John F. Clarkson, Lawrence W. Allen, Lew, Jr. Bordón, José Octavio Clausen, A. W. Amano, Kazunori Bosworth, Stephen W. Clayton, Janet Anderson, Martin Bowlin, Mike R. Clemons, Steven C. Anderson, Robert O. Bradley, Tom Coffey, Shelby, III Andrews, David R. Brand, Laurie A. Cohen, Benjamin J. Antonovich, Michael D. Britton, Dennis A. Cohen, Stephen S. Arciniega, Tomás A. Broad, Eli Cole, Rick Ariyoshi, George R. Brooks, John W. Coleman, Lewis W. Armacost, Michael H. Brostrom, Nathan Collins, Dennis Armstrong, C. Michael Brown, Kathleen Combs, Gifford Armstrong, Lloyd, Jr. Bruinsma, Tim C. Connell, Michael J. Aronson, Jonathan D. Bryan, Greyson L. Conners, Leila Asmus, Ronald D. Bryson, John E. Cook, Gary M. Atkinson, Richard C. Buchman, Mark E. Cooke, John F. Auguste, Byron Burgess, Phillip Cooper, Kerry Austin, Jack Burke, Yvonne Brathwaite Cornelius, Wayne A. Avant, Clarence Burney, Derek Corzo, Miguel Angel Ayers, H. Brandt Burts, Ezunial Cotton, Laurence F. Azrael, Jeremy Bustamante, Jorge A. Cox, Robert G. Cullum, Lee B C Bachman, Sarah L. Caldwell, Dan D Barker, Norman, Jr. Campa, Joe D. Dallin, Alexander Barrett, John A. Campbell, John C. Dalton, James E. Beard, Ronald S. Campbell, Willie D’Aquino, Thomas Beerman, Leonard Candaele, Kelly Davenport, David Bekavac, Nancy Y. Cannon, Joseph Davidson, Robert C., Jr. Bell, Peter D. Carlos, Manuel Luis Davis, Gray Beltran, J. Arnoldo Casper, Gerhard Davis, Nathaniel Bender, Gerald J. Castañeda, Jorge G. Davis, Patricia J. Beran, Walter F. Catto, Henry E., Jr. Davis, Stephen B. Berg, Jeff Chain, John T., Jr. Day, Anthony Bersin, Alan Chambers, Carolyn S. de la Garza, Rodolfo O. Bhatia, Peter Chan, Ronnie C. de la Torre, José Binkley, Nicholas B. Chang, Gareth C. C. De Luca, John A. Bitar, Sergio Chavira, Ricardo de Montbrial, Thierry

31 Decker, R. Thomas Foxley, Alejandro Griffiths, Eldon del Duca, Patrick Fraga, Luis R. Grigsby, J. Eugene, III del Olmo, Frank Francis, John G. Grubbs, Kenneth E., Jr. Denny, Brewster C. Frankel, Jeffrey A. Guisinger, Stephen E. Diamond, Larry Franklin, William E. Guittar, Lee Dicks, Norman D. Frazer, Jendayi E. Guthman, Edwin O. Djerejian, Edward P. Fry, Earl H. Dobriansky, Paula J. Frye, Alton H Dodge, William S. Fukushima, Glen S. Draper, William H., III Fukuyama, Francis Ha, Joseph M. Dresser, Denise Fuller, William P. Haas, Peter E. Drobnick, Richard L. Funabashi, Yoichi Hachigian, Nina Duffy, Gloria Charmian Hafner, Joseph A., Jr. Haggard, Stephan G Hamilton, Edward K. E Gales, Earl E., Jr. Hammer, Susan Eagleburger, Lawrence S. Gao, Qiufu Harari, Maurice Edwards, Howard L. Garamendi, John Harding, Harry Ehrlich, Thomas Gard, Robert G., Jr. Harman, Jane Eichengreen, Barry Gardels, Nathan Harman, Sidney Elder, Robert L. Gardner, David P. Harris, Jay T. Eliason, Leslie C. Gardner, James A. Hart, Gary Ellings, Richard J. Gates, Robert M. Hatter, Terry J., Jr. Ellis, James R. Geier, Philip O. Hauser, Rita E. Ellison, Keith P. Gelb, Leslie H. Hawkins, John N. Erburu, Robert F. Gergen, David Hayes-Bautista, David E. Estrich, Susan Gibney, Frank B. Hayward, Thomas B. Evans, Paul Gifford, Bernard R. Hellmann, Donald C. Everingham, Susan Gildred, Theodore E. Hendrickson, David C. Gleitsman, Alan L. Herberger, Roy A., Jr. F Glick, Reuven Hernandez, Antonia Goldberger, Marvin L. Hessler, Curtis A. Fallows, James Golding, Susan Highet, Keith Farrell, Mike Goldman, Emily O. Hight, B. Boyd Favre, Gregory Goldschmidt, Neil Higuchi, Hirotaro Fernandez Perez, Arturo Goldstein, Tom Hills, Carla A. Fesharaki, Fereidun Gompert, David C. Hoar, Joseph P. Firmage, Edwin B. Gonzalez, Antonio Hodgson, James D. Fischer, David J. Goodman, Herbert I. Hoffman, Paul Fisher, David I. Gourevitch, Peter Hokoyama, J.D. Fisher, Richard W. Graves, Clifford Holcomb, M. Staser Fishlow, Albert Green, Jerrold D. Holden, Glen Arthur Flanigan, James Greenberg, Arthur N. Holloway, David Foster, Brenda Lei Gregg, Donald P. Holloway, Dwight F., Jr. Fouch, Barbara Griego, Linda Horelick, Arnold L.

32 Hormats, Robert D. Kelly, James A. Logan, Francis D. Hosek, Chaviva M. Kerr, Ann Z. Long, Susan Hoston, Germaine A. Kim, Bong Hwan Lovelace, Jon B. House, Karen Elliot Kindel, Maureen Lovelace, Robert W. Hoyt, Mont P. Klein, David Lowenthal, Abraham F. Hsu, Paul S.P. Knight, Jessie J., Jr. Lozano, Monica C. Huffington, Roy M. Koehler, John E. Lozano, Ignacio E., Jr. Hufstedler, Shirley M. Kojima, Akira Lubman, Stanley B. Hughes, John Kolbe, James T. Luke, Warren K. K. Hughes, Justin Koltai, Steven Lund, Christopher Huntsman, Jon M., Jr. Korbonski, Andrzej Lyon, David W. Hurt, William H. Kosai, Yutaka Lyons, Richard K. Hurtado, Osvaldo Kramer, Robin M. Hwang, Henry Y Kranz, Thomas F. M Krasner, Stephen D. MacDonald, Gordon J. I Krause, Lawrence B. Kresa, Kent Madrid, Arturo Icaza, Ricardo Krueger, Anne O. Maguire, John D. Iino, Thomas Kusukawa, Toru Mallery, Richard Ingersoll, Robert S. Kwoh, Stewart Manne, Robert Inman, Bobby R. Manning, Bayless Intriligator, Michael D. Marcum, John A. Isaacson, John Paul L Martínez, Vilma S. Lam, David K. May, Michael J Lam, Tony Maynes, Charles William Lambeth, Benjamin S. McCain, John Jacobs, Nehama Lapidus, Gail W. McCarthy, Kevin F. Jaquette, Jane S. Lardy, Nicholas R. McCarthy, James P. Jarvis, Nancy A. Larrabee, F. Stephen McDonald, Wendy B. Jastrow, Robert Laventhol, David Medavoy, Mike Job, Brian L. Lee, Chae-Jin Medawar, Adrienne Johnson, Suzanne Nora Lees, Robert G. Meehan, William F., III Jones, Sidney R. Lehman, Ronald F., II Meers, Sharon I. Jones, Thomas V. Lehner, Urban Charles Meyerman, Harold J. Jordan, Amos A. Lempert, Robert J. Mickelson, Sig Junco de la Vega, Alejandro Lenzen, Louis C. Mikoyan, Sergo A. Lesser, Ian O. Miles, Jack K Levin, Michael S. Miller, Arjay Kaji, Jonathan T. Levine, Mel Miller, Charles D. Kapp, Robert A. Levy, Stephen Miller, Judy Karamanian, Susan L. Li, David K. P. Miller, Matthew Karatz, Bruce Li, Victor H. Molina, Gloria Karl, Terry L. Lieberman, Nancy Montgomery, Parker G. Katz, Tonnie Lilienthal, Sally Montgomery, Philip O’Bryan, III Keller, Edmond J. Linowitz, Sol M. Mooney, Michael

33 Moret, Louis Parsky, Gerald L. Richards, David K. Morgan, Patrick M. Partida, Gilbert Richardson, Elliot L. Morrison, Charles E. Pastor, Manuel, Jr. Ride, Sally K. Munger, Edwin S. Pastoriza, Tomás A. Rielly, John E. Muñoz, Sergio Paulus, Norma Riordan, Michael L. Murtaugh, Michael Payden, Joan Roberts, Virgil Pedersen, Richard F. Robertson, Piedad F. N Pederson, Rena Rocca, Agostino Penfield, James K. Rockefeller, Nicholas Nasher, Raymond D. Perez, Anna Roff, J. Hugh, Jr. Nathanson, Marc B. Peters, Aulana L. Rohlen, Thomas P. Natt, Ted M. Peterson, Peter G. Romero, Philip Naylor, Rosamond Lee Peterson, Rudolph A. Roney, John H. Neukom, William H. Pharr, Susan J. Rooks, Judith P. Newport, Nason D. Phelps, Michael E.J. Rosecrance, Richard Newton, Quigg Pisano, Jane G. Rosenzweig, Robert M. Niebla, J. Fernando Plate, Thomas Ross, Alison Nilsson, Kenneth Platt, Nicholas Ross, Roger Nogales, Luis G. Pollack, Jonathan D. Rostow, Elspeth Davies Polsby, Nelson W. Rothstein, Richard O Pope, Clara A. (“Zazi”) Rowe, Sandra O’Brien, Dennis J. Potter, William C. Rowen, Henry S. O’Neill, Catherine Prager, Susan Westerberg Ruckelshaus, William D. Odell, John Preston, Michael B. Runstad, Judith M. Ogasawara, Toshiaki Pyle, Cassandra A. Rushfield, Leonard H. Okamoto, Yukio Pyle, Kenneth B. Russell, George F., Jr. Oksenberg, Michel Rymer, Pamela Ann Olson, Jane R Olson, Ronald L. Raisian, John S Ostry, Sylvia Ramaley, Judith Sagan, Scott D. Ouchi, William G. Ramo, Simon Sample, Steven B. Overholt, William H. Ratner, Steven R. Sanders, Barry A. Owens, William A. Ray, Gilbert T. Sanders, J. Stanley Oxnam, Robert B. Reeves, Richard Sarukhan Kermez, José Regas, George F. Sato, Seizaburo P Reichert, William M. Savage, Stanley D. Pachón, Harry P. Remy, Ray Saywell, William G. Palevsky, Lynda Renfrew, Charles B. Scalapino, Robert A. Pan, Zhenqiang Resnick, Lynda Schake, Kori Panofsky, Wolfgang K.H. Resnick, Stewart A. Scheer, Robert Papp, L. Roy Rice, Condoleezza Schell, Orville Parent, Alexandra Rich, Andrea L. Schlosberg, Richard T., III Parry, Robert T. Rich, Michael D. Schneider, Stephen H.

34 Schwarzer, William W. T Westergard, Neil Scott, James Wheat, Francis M. Scowcroft, Brent Tai, Jackson Whitaker, C. Sylvester Seaborg, Glenn T. Tang, David K.Y. Williams, Harold M. Sharp, Daniel A. Tedstrom, John E. Williams, Sidney Linn Sharp, Robert L. Teece, David J. Willison, Bruce G. Shea, Patrick A. Teng, Teng Willrich, Mason Sheinbaum, Stanley K. Tennyson, Leonard B. Wilson, Pete Shelledy, James E., III Thompson, Kathryn G. Winner, Karin Sherwood, Ben Thomson, James A. Wirth, John D. Shiina, Motoo Tian, Yuan Wohl, Richard H. Shirk, Susan L. Tien, Chang-Lin Wohlstetter, Roberta Shubert, Gustave H. Tomich, Rosemary Wohlstetter, Albert Shultz, George P. Torres, Art Wolf, Charles, Jr. Shuster, Alvin Toyoda, Masakazu Wong, Linda Siciliano, Rocco C. Treat, John Elting Woo, Michael Singleton, William Dean Tucher, H. Anton Wood, Willis B., Jr. Sinkin, Richard Turner, William C. Woon, Eden Skinner, Kiron K. Turpin, Miles J. Wright, Julie Meier Slaughter, John B. Smith, Clint E. U Y Smith, Edwin M. Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson Yamada, Osamu J. Smith, Peter H. Utton, Albert E. Snyder, Scott Yamamoto, Tadashi Sofaer, Abraham D. Yang, Henry T. Solomon, Marilyn F. V Yaroslavsky, Zev Solomon, Richard H. van Agtmael, Antoine W. Yellin, Ira E. Soto, Jaime Vance, Cyrus R. York, Herbert F. Spangler, Scott M. Vande Berg, Marsha J. Yoshihara, Nancy Speidel, Kirsten E. Van de Kamp, Andrea L. Young, Charles E. Stanley, Peter W. Vasconcellos, John Youngblood, Kneeland Starr, Kevin Veit, Carol M. Steel, Ronald Veit, Lawrence A. Z Steinberg, Richard H. von Lipsey, Roderick Zacchino, Narda Stern, Paula Zysman, John Sternlight, David W Stevenson, Adlai E., III Wakeman, Frederic E., Jr. Stiehm, Judith Waldmann, Raymond J. Strock, James M. Walker, William M. Stroock, Thomas E. Wallace, Peter P. Sullivan, Alan W. Wang, Gungwu Suzuki, Bob H. Wang, Jinlong Swaine, Michael D. Wang, Jisi Swing, John Temple Warren, Gerald L. Szekely, Deborah

35 Staff

Pacific Council on International Policy Staff

Dr. Abraham F. Lowenthal President Ms. Charlotte T. Kennedy Vice President for Programs and Administration Ms. Kristin Olson McKissick Director of Public Affairs Ms. Andrea Neidorf Director of Membership Affairs Mr. Michael Brownrigg James Pearson Fellow, U.S. State Department Dr. Margaret P. Karns Senior Associate Ms. Emma Cherniavsky Events Coordinator Ms. Joan Elliott Executive Assistant Ms. Glenda Jones Coordinator of Member Services Mr. Claude S. Williams, III Coordinator of Microcomputer Information Systems Mr. Ramon E. Bahamonde Program Assistant Mr. L. Thomas Vest, Jr. Program Assistant Mr. Stephen Lui Receptionist/Administrative Assistant Ms. Marla B. Echeverria Finance and Administrative Assistant Mr. Timothy Nelson Junior Associate

36