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Seafood Products 13 French Marine-Related Economic Data 2005 Under the scientific responsability of Régis Kalaydjian Marine Economics Department French Marine-Related Economic Data 2005 Under the scientific responsability of Régis Kalaydjian Marine Economics Department abc Contributions Régis Kalaydjian, Fabienne Daurès, Jean-Louis Gaignon, Sophie Girard, Olivier Guyader, Isabelle Matte, Rémi Mongruel, José Pérez, Olivier Thébaud The authors are grateful to their colleagues from Ifremer and to their contacts in public and professional organisations, companies and administrations for the help they have provided in the drafting of this document. They warmly thank Ifremer’s Communication department for its collaboration and support. 4/5 CONTENTS Foreword 7 Introduction 8 Sea cruises 9 Industrial sector Seafood products 13 Marine aggregate extraction 24 Electricity generation 26 Shipbuilding and repair 28 Maritime civil engineering 34 Submarine cables 35 Offshore oil ang gas-related industry 36 Coastal tourism 38 Shipping 41 Maritime financial services 50 Public sector The Navy 53 Public intervention 56 Coastal and marine environmental protection 62 Marine research 71 Summary 75 Bibliography 79 Acronyms and abbreviations 81 6/7 Foreword At the moment in time when the European Commission has begun Good stewardship of coastal areas is an integral part of eco- work on an all-embracing maritime policy, stimulated by the publi- nomic development. The effort to promote shortsea shipping in cation of the Green Paper, Ifremer is more than ever duty-bound Europe and the Member States at a critical time of congested to provide its contribution and expertise. road traffic and difficulties in controlling carbon gas emissions, as the Kyoto protocol’s 2010 deadline approaches, is a good As a centre of excellence for marine research in France, it works example of this: Europe’s coastal policy cannot be drawn up with- to promote knowledge of the oceans in both scientific and eco- out considering the financial effort required. nomic terms. The “French marine-related economic data” fulfil part of this demanding requirement. The assessment, drawn up The third lesson concerns the decisive importance of research in 2005 and published today, comes at the right time in this vital and innovation for the marine economy. If the offshore oil-related phase of reflection. industry, boat building and cruise ship building in France have stayed competitive in an uncertain world economic situation, it I believe that we can learn three things from this new publication. is thanks to their capacity for innovation and the leading-edge First of all, the significant opening up of the French marine econo- techniques they use to serve their strategies. If our German, my to world markets should be emphasized. Shipping and tourism Spanish and Norwegian friends have been able to consolidate services, as well as financial and energy services are export acti- strong positions in harbour activities, shipbuilding or offshore vities and therefore sensitive to the global economic situation. energy services, close cooperation between industry and research The same is true of manufacturing activities such as shipbuilding organisations in maritime regions has certainly been a deter- and naval equipment and fittings. Therefore, it is no surprise that mining factor for their success. We must learn from this as the French marine economy has been affected by the uncer- regards the maritime policy. tainties marking the early decade of the year 2000. It will no doubt take advantage of growth in Asia and the United States Lastly, I am pleased to remind you that this report would not have and of the upswing in Japan and in some European countries. existed without the generous and skilled assistance we have For in most cases, this international opening up means opening received from administrations, companies and professional asso- up to Europe, the top ranking region for our exports. Discussions ciations. My special thanks go to the DAM, DTMRF, DPMA, Insee, on the European maritime policy are all the more vital for this French Naval staff, research organisations, the French institute reason. of the Sea, with my hopes that our profitable cooperation will continue. The second lesson concerns the strategic importance of balan- ced management of our coastal areas for the French marine economy to succeed. Coastal tourism, cruises, and yachting all J.Y. Perrot drive the marine economy which is directly dependent on leisure Chief executive officer of Ifremer spending and hence on the quality of coastal areas and their envi- ronment. Concurrently, the economic weight of the seafood sec- tor in France has remained strong, leading us to put effective monitoring and management of environments, resources and ecosystems high on the list of maritime policy objectives. Now more than ever, Ifremer’s entire range of expertise must con- tribute to the effective management of coastal zones. Introduction This edition of “French marine-related economic data” was pre- To monitor these impacts, this overview of marine activities has pared in 2005. It completes our monitoring of the French marine the same structure as previous publications. It describes the economy for the period of 2001-2003. A considerable amount industrial sector (primary sector, manufacturing, energy provi- of information, although still incomplete, is given for 2004 and sion, tourist services, financial services and shipping) and the much sparser information for 2005. public sector (French Navy, State intervention at sea, education, environmental protection and scientific research). Insofar as pos- The first part of this decade has been marked by the world econo- sible, the same statistical series have been used, to enable long- my’s relatively fast growth phase (since the early 1990s) running term follow-up, but sometimes technical adjustments have been out of steam. The slowdown has been significant in Europe and unavoidable. This is particularly true for military shipbuilding, the the United States since 2001, and earlier in Japan, for reasons French Navy and for public intervention budgets, each for quite specific to the latter. International trade was affected for a short different reasons. time. It quickly got back on a clearly rising track, particularly with the impetus of developing Asian countries’ expansion (China, India Our assessment shows that marine economic growth was small and ASEAN). According to available data, these Asian countries from 2001 to 2003 in terms of value added, but the rise in did not experience a fall in growth. employment was maintained. Apart from purely statistical adjust- ments whose effect often brought the figures down, the value- The highly export-based French marine economy was affected added increase, lower than the national average, was affected by this downturn, all the more so in that the majority of its exports by European growth and by a specialised market apparently less are to Europe. This is one of the features setting France apart buoyant than a few years ago. from its European counterparts: with coastal tourism accounting for nearly half of production and employment, developing still fur- As usual, we propose an “introductory chapter” to shed light on ther with the cruise ship niche, and a strong industry of boat- a particularly significant sub-issue. In this case, we felt that it building and specialised cruise ship building, recreational spending would be useful to collect data on cruise activities in France. It makes up a significant part of the French marine economy. It is is a small, but promising, sector both in terms of international clear that leisure spending is a reconciliation item used by con- clientele calling in French ports and French clients enjoying this sumers to quickly adjust their expenditure in times of uncertainty. type of leisure activity. However, the slowdown has affected a number of other maritime activities, particularly through changes in investment strategies, as we can see from the curve of investments for exploration and Régis Kalaydjian production of energy. The following panorama’s interest is that it highlights how various marine sectors behave in the context of a slowdown in the west and growth in Asia. It should be noted that the context was also characterised by a dollar-euro exchange rate that was more favourable than today’s for European competitiveness. Further- more, the high prices of energy sources and raw materials have now placed governments and consumers in a new situation, not unrelated to Asia’s sustained pace of growth and its production factor requirements. 8/9 Sea cruises THE INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY TO FOCUS ON A SPECIFIC ASPECT OF THE MARINE ECONOMY. THE CURRENT GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR CRUISES PROMPTS US TO FOCUS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS ACTIVITY. IT AFFECTS THREE REALMS OF THE FRENCH COASTAL AND MARINE ECONOMY: TOURIST DEMAND, CRUISE SHIPBUILDING AND ECONOMIC SPIN-OFFS FROM CALLS IN FRENCH PORTS. INTERNATIONAL SITUATION 2004 world sea cruise market Sources: European Cruise Council, IRN Research. The world cruise market continued to develop dynamically in 2004 and still has very high growth potential, according to World North America insurers. The offer is characterised by increasingly large cruise 13,4 million passengers ships, diversified services and more market segmentation. Europe Passengers 73% In 2004, the number of passengers (13.4 million) was up 8.4% from 2003 and 30% from 2000. It has trebled since 1990 21% (4.4 million). North America drove the world market with 9.8 million cruise passengers in 2004, i.e. 1 out of 40 inhabitants. Europe is far behind, with 2.8 million passengers in 2004 (one out of 187 6% Other Europeans). Of the latter, British passengers were the most numerous, with one million in 2004 (+7% from 2003) ahead of the Germans (+4%), the Italians (+16%), the Spaniards (-2%) and the French (+5%). Cruise operators Europe Germany 2,8 million Italy The world cruise offer is concentrated. The top three compa- passengers nies (American, American-Norwegian and Malaysian) hold nearly 80% of the market, out of a fleet of 200 vessels operated by 25 20% companies.
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