Bronze Age Middle Stone Age Iron Age Roman Period Early
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The brooch from Bohinjska Bistrica Hoard of ironwork items, with varied pendants, of the so-called Ajdovska luknja, second Two stone flakes from the cave of Sveta Lucija type, is a characteristic half of the 4th or early Jama za skalami, 8th or 7th millennium piece of the Early Iron Age costume 5th century BC worn by the women of the Posočje community (5th century BC). Early investigations Iron Age Roman period Important discoveries The first permanent settlements in Bohinj, a remote and poorly Romanised Bohinj area Attracted by its rich deposits of iron ore, The Roman rule did not bring about Bohinj was settled in the second half or significant changes in Bohinj, neither in the the late 7th century by people who came population nor in the way of life. We have from the area of Posočje to the south. It as yet no positively identified remains of became the economic hinterland of the settlements, but we know that one must Iron Age community of Posočje and the have existed in the vicinity of Jereka, as source of its prosperity. Settlement suggested by a small cemetery. Burial took Cemetery, grave place there from the 1st to the 3rd century. A People lived in settlements constructed sanctuary of an unknown divinity stood at The first record of the archaeological In 1907 and 1936–1939, archaeologist on elevated locations in the two valleys Lake Bohinj, on the spot where the church of remains in Bohinj from 1820 Walter Schmid excavated several of the Bohinj area, Spodnja dolina and St. John the Baptist stands today. archaeological sites in Bohinj. Zgornja dolina. They buried their dead in cemeteries at the feet of these peaks. In the turbulent times of the Late Roman Towards the end of the Iron Age, in the period (4th and first half of the 5th century), 1st century BC, ironworking flourished in people occasionally sought refuge in the hills, Middle Stone Age Bohinj, centred at Dunaj near Jereka. Bohinj on elevations already inhabited in the Iron then formed part of the Norican Kingdom Age. One such elevation was Ajdovski gradec, The earliest traces of human and was, as such, included into the wide where they constructed fortification walls Sanctuary presence in Bohinj trading network with the renowned of stone. The turbulent times are mirrored Cemetery Norican iron. The Romans annexed the in hoards: in fear for their valuables, people Hoard find In the Middle Stone Age, sometime Norican Kingdom around 16 or 15 BC. would hide them in caves and under rocks, Settlement or other archaeological site in the 8th or 7th millennium BC, man but some could later not retrieve them. sought refuge in the cave of Jama za Select finds from Early Iron Age graves in skalami near Planina v Lazu, lit a fire Bitnje, Lepence and Jereka, 6th–4th century Inscribed tombstone, the only Roman there and left behind two stone flakes. BC (replicas, originals kept in the National inscription stone known from Bohinj, Museum of Slovenia) 2nd or 3rd century (replica, original kept Settlement or other archaeological site in the National Museum of Slovenia) Bronze Age A mattock, pieces of pig iron, roughly Sites along the paths leading shaped pieces of pig iron and amorphous across mountain passes pieces of bronze and lead reveal that iron processing and nonferrous metal Select offerings from the Roman- During the Bronze Age, people visited processing took place at Dunaj near Jereka period sanctuary at the lake, 1st–4th alpine areas to hunt, exploit raw materials in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. century and travel across the mountain passes to the southwest. The site of Poljanica on the plateau of Lepa Komna revealed traces of human presence dating to the Blacksmithing tools (drift punch and forging nd Settlement or other archaeological site 22 century BC, of individuals who made die), as well as semi-finished and finished stone tools beside a fireplace; they also nails from Dunaj near Jereka, 1st century BC used ceramic vessels of which numerous and 1st century AD sherds survive. At Kal on Zadnji Vogel, Hoard of bronze jewellery, Mali spodmol traces of human activities date between near Ajdovska luknja, late 4th or early the 16th and the 13th century BC. 5th century Stone artefacts and flakes from Disused or damaged items were being Poljanica on Lepa Komna (22nd century recycled at Dunaj near Jereka by previously BC) and a rim fragment of a ceramic being cut up into smaller pieces (1st century Hoard of coins, buried probably in 401, vessel from Kal on Zadnji Vogel (16th–13th BC and 1st century AD). Spodmol above Kocjančičev travnik century BC) With those who cling still to this false belief, He’s fled to Bohinj in Bistrica’s Vale, Bohinj The pair of silver earrings with To seek the fort built on a greying crag. incised vegetal decoration, possibly representing a palm throUGH THE tree, was found in a grave of the The ruins you may observe until this day, cemetery at Žale (kept in the The Heathens’ Fort its name, you see in it National Museum of Slovenia). It dates to the 10th or the early 11th The last redoubt of fleeing Črtomir. archaeological century. France Prešeren, The Baptism on the Savica, translation by Henry R. Cooper, Jr., 1996 periods Early Middle Ages Ajdovski gradec The settlement of Slavs in Bohinj The most prominent archaeological spot in Bohinj In the early medieval period (from the 7th to the first half of the 11th century), The hill is naturally protected and Bohinj and the area of the present- strategically sited. In the Early Iron Age, day Slovenia in general was sparsely it held the most prominent settlement populated. The Slavs inhabited the in Bohinj. In the Late Roman period, valley of Zgornja dolina in the 8th more precisely in the 4th century, the century, as proven by two cemeteries summit was reinforced with a stone-built Settlement or other archaeological site investigated at Srednja vas (Podonjice, Ajdovski gradec (centre), view from fortification wall and its interior occasionally Cemetery Žale), where burial took place at least the east used as a refuge. The great Slovenian poet from the late 8th century onwards. The France Prešeren chose Ajdovski gradec as main Slavic settlement must have the site where the introduction to his epic existed here. A church presumably The Baptism on the Savica (Krst pri Savici in stood at Srednja vas prior to the Slovenian), considered a Slovenian national mid-11th century. In the 8th and early epic, took place. 9th centuries, Bohinj was part of the Slavic Carniola, which is mentioned in literary sources and was presumably a principality. Select finds from the graves of the Slavic cemetery at Žale in Srednja vas, late 8th–early 11th century (replicas, originals kept in the National Museum of Slovenia) A child was buried with a bronze brooch bearing a Christian motif, the image of a four-legged animal, possibly a panther, that symbolises Christ. The motif is made using the technique of enamelling, which was very popular in the 10th and 11th , 1918 centuries. The brooch has since been lost, but we have its drawing made in his soldiers addressing Črtomir the early 20th century. Swiss geologist Adolf von Morlot visited Bohinj in 1849, which included a climb to This bronze strap end of Avar origin, Ajdovski gradec. He explored the site and made a geodetic measurement of the dating to the second half of the 8th features and fortification walls. century, was found at Dunaj near Jereka (kept in the National Museum of Smrekar, Hinko gradec on Ajdovski Slovenia). It is probably part of a booty from the time of the wars between Permanent exhibition Bohinj through the archaeological periods the Franks and the Avars that took Gorenjski muzej November—February Author and project manager: dr. Veronika Pflaum | Exhibition design: Ariana Furlan Prijon | Graphic design: Oskar Slabe | Lighting design: : th place at the transition from the 8 to Marjan Visković | Exhibition equipment: Mizarstvo, Mitja Burja, s. p. | Panel printing: Napisi Bernik, Aleš Bernik, s. p. | Slovenian copyediting: Muzej Tomaža Godca Fri—Sun: 10.00—12.00 and 16.00—18.00 the 9th century. Judita Babnik | English translation: Andreja Maver | Exhibits kept in: Museum of Gorenjska and Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice, National Zoisova 15 Museum of Slovenia (replicas) | Exhibit conservation and restoration: Zdenka Kramar | Photographs and other graphics: Museum of Gorenjska (photo Gašper Peternel, dr. Veronika Pflaum and Drago Holynski, Boštjan Gunčar), National Museum of Slovenia (photo 4264 Bohinjska Bistrica March—October: Tomaž Lauko and Ivan Kotar, Rudolf Berce, Franc Lampe, archives) and Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice (photo Slavko Smolej), Institute T: 04 577 01 42, 041 864 726 Tue—Sun: 10.00—12.00 and 16.00—18.00 for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Regional Office Kranj (photo dr. Milan Sagadin), Slovenian Environment Agency, E muzeji.bohinj gorenjski-muzej.si Melita Bubek, Jelena Justin, mag. Miran Pflaum, http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-0C205DN0, http://biodiversitylibrary.org/ : @ page/35572071, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ernst_Windisch-Grätz_(1827–1918).jpg, https://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:DOC- www.gorenjski-muzej.si Closed: AZE0IX6S, Walter Šmid, Altslowenische Gräber Krains, Carniola I, 1908, 17–26, Abb. 1, Taf. III: 9, Biba Teržan (ur.), Depojske in posamezne kovinske 1 January, 1 May, 1 November, Easter and najdbe bakrene in bronaste dobe na Slovenskem, Katalogi in monografije 29 (1995), T. 23: 146 | Maps and lidar image processing: Vida Bitenc, GeoPodobe | Transcription of the funerary inscription and its translation into Slovenian and English: dr.