Annotated Table of Contents Links Join SIGAI Notice to Contributing Authors to SIG Newsletters

AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 6(2) 2020 AI Matters

Annotated Table of Contents Links

Welcome to AI Matters 6(2) SIGAI website: http://sigai.acm.org/ Iolanda Leite, co-editor & Anuj Newsletter: http://sigai.acm.org/aimatters/ Karpatne, co-editor Blog: http://sigai.acm.org/ai-matters/ Twitter: http://twitter.com/acm sigai/ Welcome and summary Edition DOI: 10.1145/3430581

SIGAI Annual Report: July 1 2019 – Join SIGAI June 30 2020 Sanmay Das, Nicholas Mattei, John P. Students $11, others $25 Dickerson, Sven Koenig, Louise Den- For details, see http://sigai.acm.org/ nis, Larry Medsker, Todd Neller, Iolanda Beneﬁts: regular, student Leite & Anuj Karpatne Also consider joining ACM. ACM SIGAI Activity Report Our mailing list is open to all. Events Louise A. Dennis Notice to Contributing Authors SIGAI Events to SIG Newsletters By submitting your article for distribution in this Conference Reports Special Interest Group publication, you hereby Louise A. Dennis grant to ACM the following non-exclusive, per- Conference Reports petual, worldwide rights: • to publish in print on condition of acceptance AI Education Matters: EAAI Mentored by the editor Undergraduate Research Challenges Past, Present, and Future • to digitize and post your article in the elec- tronic version of this publication Todd W. Neller • to include the article in the ACM Digital Li- AI Education Matters brary and in any Digital Library related services AI Policy Matters • to allow users to make a personal copy of Larry Medsker the article for noncommercial, educational Policy issues relevant to SIGAI or research purposes However, as a contributing author, you retain AI Fun Matters copyright to your article and ACM will refer Adi Botea requests for republication directly to you. AI generated Crosswords

1 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 6(2) 2020 Submit to AI Matters! Contents Legend We’re accepting articles and announce- ments now for the next issue. Details on the submission process are available at Book Announcement http://sigai.acm.org/aimatters. Ph.D. Dissertation Brieﬁng

AI Matters Editorial Board AI Education

Iolanda Leite, Co-Editor, KTH Event Report Anuj Karpatne, Co-Editor, Virginia Tech Sanmay Das, Washington Univ. in Saint Louis Hot Topics Alexei Efros, Univ. of CA Berkeley Susan L. Epstein, The City Univ. of NY Humor Yolanda Gil, ISI/Univ. of Southern California Doug Lange, U.S. Navy Kiri Wagstaff, JPL/Caltech AI Impact Xiaojin (Jerry) Zhu, Univ. of WI Madison AI News Contact us: [email protected] Opinion

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Welcome to AI Matters 6(2) Iolanda Leite, co-editor (Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); [email protected]) Anuj Karpatne, co-editor (Virginia Tech; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430582

Issue overview Special Issue: AI For Social Good Welcome to the second issue of the sixth vol- Recognizing the potential of AI in solv- ume of the AI Matters Newsletter. ing some of the most pressing challenges We open with the annual report of SIGAI facing our society, we are excited to an- by our new leaership team. We then bring nounce that the next Newsletter of AI Mat- you a brief report on upcoming SIGAI Events ters will be a special issue on the theme and Conference Reports by Louise Dennis, of “AI for Social Good.” We solicit arti- our new conference coordination ofﬁcer. In cles that discuss how AI applications and/or our regular Education column, Todd Neller innovations have resulted in a meaning- presents a retrospective of an initiative for ful impact on a societally relevant prob- mentoring undergraduate research in AI that lem, including problems in the domains of has been going on since 2014. In the Pol- health, agriculture, environmental sustain- icy column, Larry Medsker covers ongoing ability, ecological forecasting, urban plan- discussions on AI policy issues, for example ning, climate science, education, social with respect to ethical implications on Facial welfare and justice, ethics and privacy, and Recognition software and surveillance tech- assistive technology for people with dis- nologies to track the coronavirus pandemic. abilities. We also encourage submissions We end the issue with our regular column on on emerging problems where AI advances AI generated crosswords from Adi Botea. have the potential to inﬂuence a transfor- mative change, and perspective articles that highlight the challenges faced by current standards of AI to have a societal impact and opportunities for future research in this area. More details to be coming soon on http://sigai.acm.org/aimatters. Please get in touch with us if you have any ques- tions!

Submit to AI Matters! Thanks for reading! Don’t forget to send your ideas and future submissions to AI Matters! We’re accepting articles and an- nouncements now for the next issue. De- tails on the submission process are available at http://sigai.acm.org/aimatters.

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Iolanda Leite is co-editor of AI Matters. She is an Associate Professor at the School of Electri- cal Engineering and Com- puter Science at the KTH Royal Institute of Technol- ogy in Sweden. Her research interests are in the areas of Human-Robot Interaction and Arti- ficial Intelligence. She aims to develop autonomous socially intelligent robots that can assist people over long periods of time. Anuj Karpatne is co- editor of AI Matters. He is an Assistant Profes- sor in the Department of Computer Science at Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Vir- ginia Tech). He leads the Physics-Guided Machine Learning (PGML) Lab at Virginia Tech, where he develops novel ways of integrating scientific knowledge (or physics) with machine learning methods to accelerate scientific dis- covery from data.

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SIGAI Annual Report: July 1 2019 – June 30 2020 Sanmay Das (elected; ACM SIGAI Chair) Nicholas Mattei (elected; ACM SIGAI Vice-Chair) John P. Dickerson (elected; ACM SIGAI Secretary/Treasurer) Sven Koenig (elected; ACM SIGAI Past-Chair) Louise Dennis (appointed; ACM SIGAI Conference Coordination Officer) Larry Medsker (appointed; ACM SIGAI Public Policy Officer) Todd Neller (appointed; ACM SIGAI Education Activities Officer) Iolanda Leite (appointed; ACM SIGAI Newsletter Editor-in-Chief) Anuj Karpatne (appointed; ACM SIGAI Newsletter Editor-in-Chief) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430583

Introduction robust enough that we could successfully ab- sorb our share of the costs of these cancel- It has been a first year full of unexpected chal- lations while continuing with the SIG’s other lenges for the new officers of SIGAI! Along activities. Since the crisis began to unfold with the election of a new leadership team, we in February and March the ACM has been began the year with many changes, including building up a store of expertise and support integrating a new leadership team, changes services for online conferences that are now in several of the appointed officers, and of available to conferences running in coopera- course the global pandemic which has radi- tion with, or sponsored by, ACM SIGAI. cally altered many of our activities! Of particular note, we are excited to welcome on ACM SIGAI sponsored the following confer- board Louise Dennis as the new conference ences: coordination officer, Anuj Karpatne as a new co-editor for AI Matters, and Alan Tsang as • IVA 2019 the new information officer, taking over from • WI 2019 Michael Rovatsos, Amy McGovern, and Hang • ASE 2019 Ma respectively. We are very grateful to Michael, Amy, and Hang for years of excel- • AIES 2020 lent service to SIGAI! While we were working • IUI 2020 (cancelled) on several new initiatives, like everyone else, • HRI 2020 (moved online) the Covid-19 pandemic changed the nature of what we were able to do and what we had to and it will sponsor the following conferences focus on. Nevertheless, we managed to get coming up in 2020 and 2021: several of these initiatives off the ground, and were lucky in that SIGAI was well-positioned • ASE 2020 both financially and in terms of our rapport • with many communities. IVA 2020 • CSCS 2020 Meetings • WI 2020 • IUI 2021 ACM’s Meetings as a whole have been greatly impacted by the ongoing Covid-19 crisis. For ACM SIGAI approved the following in- SIGAI, this started with the last-minute can- cooperation requests from events covering a cellations of IUI 2020 and HRI 2020 (with HRI, wide thematic and geographical range across despite the short notice, heroically managing the international AI community: to pull together an online version of the conference). Fortunately, ACM SIGAI’s funds were • RecSys 2020 Copyright c 2020 by the author(s). • CSCS 2019

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• K-CAP 2019 the institutions where they are studying, the • AIVR 2019 vast majority have still come from the USA, Canada or Europe. At present, understand- • BIOSTEC 2020 ably, we have very few applications coming in • ICAART 2020 through the scheme (only one in all of 2020 • ICPRAM 2020 to date). Once conference travel is more widespread again we will revisit in particular • ICEIS 2020 the way the scheme is advertised in the hope • AAMAS 2020 that we can support a wider range of confer- • IEA/AIE 2020 ences. • MSR 2020 We also ran a second round of the AI Activities • DeLTA 2020 Fund call for proposals, focused on outreach and other activities that can be done entirely • IC3K 2020 virtually and received several strong propos- • IJCCI 2020 als. We are in the process of finalizing fund- • ROBOVIS 2020 ing decisions at the time of writing, and expect • ICINCO 2020 to fund 4 or 5 proposals with between $1000 – $2000 of support going to each one that is • FDG 2020 funded. These awarded activities will be writ- • ICPRAM 2021 ing reports in AI Matters after completion of • BIOSTEC 2021 the work. • ICAART 20201 • IEA/AIE 2021 Awards ACM SIGAI has continued to work with confer- ACM SIGAI sponsors the ACM SIGAI Au- ences to encourage participation in the ACM tonomous Agents Research Award, an annual Carbon Offsetting scheme but this is neces- award for excellence in research in the area sarily somewhat on hold. of autonomous agents. The recipient is invited to give a talk at the International Confer- ence on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Financial Support Systems (AAMAS). The 2020 ACM SIGAI Au- tonomous Agents Research Award was pre- In 2019 ACM SIGAI introduced a student sented (virtually) at AAMAS 2020 in Auckland, travel award scheme intended to help fund New Zealand to Munindar Singh, the Alumni conference attendance for student ACM mem- Distinguished Professor of Computer Science bers. This extended long-standing collabo- at North Carolina State University, for his ex- rations with specific conferences to fund stu- tensive contributions to our understanding of dent attendance. This funding is being tar- social interaction and autonomy in Artificial In- geted towards conferences sponsored by, or telligence through his seminal work on interac- in-cooperation with, SIGAI and at students tion protocols, norms, and trust in multiagent presenting work at those conferences - though systems. other applications are exceptionally consid- ered. Sixteen students were funded by this ACM SIGAI also sponsors the ACM SIGAI scheme primarily to attend IVA 2019 and ASE Industry Award for Excellence in AI, a new 2019. The majority of these students were annual award which is given annually to an studying at US institutions. individual or team in industry who created a fielded AI application in recent years that As part of a long-standing arrangement, we demonstrates the power of AI techniques via also helped fund the attendance of six stu- a combination of the following features: nov- dents to the AAAI Doctoral Consortium. Most elty of application area, novelty and techni- of these were studying in Europe, though one cal excellence of the approach, importance was based in Australia and one in Canada. of AI techniques for the approach and ac- While the nationalities of the students we have tual and predicted societal impact of the ap- given travel awards to is more diverse than plication. The inaugural ACM SIGAI Industry

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Award for Excellence in AI was presented at • AI policy on privacy, accountability, and the International Joint Conference on AI (IJ- transparency CAI) 2019 in Macau to the Real World Rein- • Policymaking for AI and the workforce of the forcement Learning Team from Microsoft. The future process for the 2020 award and the IJCAI 2020 conference was severely impacted due • VISA exemption for international students to the COVID-19 outbreak. Hence, there is no • Frameworks and guidelines for principles of award for 2020 but the committee is working AI hard for the 2021 award. • Federal government guidance and strate- ACM SIGAI also recently created, jointly with gies on AI policy AAAI, the AAAI/ACM SIGAI Doctoral Disser- • G20 and European activities in AI and data tation Award to recognize and encourage su- perior research and writing by doctoral can- • Global race for AI dominance didates in AI. This new annual award will be Outside of ACM, our public policy officer has presented at the AAAI Conference on AI in participated in the executive committee of the form of a certificate and is accompanied the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Au- by the option to present the dissertation at the tonomous and Intelligent Systems. In June AAAI conference as well as to submit a six- 2020, he became a Co-Editor-in-Chief for the page summary to both the AAAI proceedings new Springer Nature journal AI and Ethics. and the ACM SIGAI newsletter. We received 20 nominations for the inaugural award and selection is nearly complete. The award will Education Initiatives be presented at AAAI 2021, for dissertations completed in the 2019-2020 academic year. It was another good year for expanding our Model AI Assignment archive (http:// modelai.gettysburg.edu/). Our EAAI- Public Policy and AI Ethics 2020 track was again successful, attracting Within ACM, we work with the ACM US Tech- 9 new accepted, peer-reviewed projects into nology Policy Committee (USTPC) through our archive and presented at EAAI-2020 in the membership of our public policy officer New York, New York, USA on February 8 and https://pages.mtu.edu/ lebrown/ Larry Medsker. He includes selected USTPC 9 ( ˜ eaai/index.html issues in his ACM SIGAI Public Policy blog ). posts. In 2019 he represented SIGAI in his At EAAI, we announced our latest men- dinner presentation on AI public policy and tored undergraduate research challenge: ethics at the USTPC board’s annual meeting. AI for Gin Rummy competitive play un- The SIGAI Public Policy Officer participates in der tight real-time constraints (http: workshops and briefings in Washington, DC, //cs.gettysburg.edu/˜tneller/ that bring together legislators, staffers, corpo- games/ginrummy/eaai/). Despite, or rate representatives, and non-profit organiza- perhaps because of, the pandemic, we have tions for discussions of policy making related had excellent participation with 50 mentors to AI. and students yielding 14 entries by the dead- The bi-monthly posts on the AI Matters Public line on August 9th. We will be evaluating Policy blog in the past year commented on a entries in the coming weeks, and hope to see wide variety of current topics, including: a similarly good yield for the corresponding paper track at EAAI-21. • AI and face recognition and the USTPC pub- Following the success of the 2017 and 2018- lic statement on face recognition 2019 ACM SIGAI Essay Contest on the use • A series of blogs on fundamentals of bias, of AI Technology we began preparation for the discrimination, and fairness 2020-2021 version (to run during the school • Human-centered design of AI systems year). We are approaching this year with a re- newed interest in the effects of AI Technology • AI ethics impacts on policymaking in Society in light of the changing world due to • The role of data in AI and policy COVID-19. This year’s contest is planned to

7 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 be run in conjunction with ACM SIGCSE to in- 2018 ACM SIGAI Student Essay Contest on volve more students from across AI and com- the Responsible Use of AI Technologies. puter science broadly. We completed publish- ing all 8 winners from the 2018-2019 in AI Mat- ters with Volume 5, Issue 3, 2019 issue. Job Fair AAAI and ACM SIGAI have partnered to run Newsletter the popular AAAI/ACM SIGAI Job Fair for the last six years. In lockstep with the growth of The ACM SIGAI newsletter is distributed via AAAI and the growth of the greater artificial in- the ACM SIGAI mailing list but also openly telligence and machine learning (AI/ML) com- available on the ACM SIGAI web-site (at munity, our once-small job fair also grew. At sigai.acm.org/aimatters/). AI Matters features AAAI-20, thirty-eight companies and universi- articles of general interest to the AI commu- ties formally attended, typically with a booth, nity. ACM SIGAI publishes four issues of its team of recruiters, swag, and other repre- newsletter AI Matters per year. Due to the sentatives, increasing from twenty-six compa- pandemic, in 2020 we are only planning to nies during the job fair’s previous run in 2019, publish three issues. and twenty-one companies in the year prior to that. In 2021, Michael Albert (U Virginia), In the past year, we added a new editor-in- John Dickerson (Maryland), and Matthew Tay- chief, Anuj Karpatne, who came to the po- lor (Alberta) will co-run the job fair which will sition after the anticipated departure of Amy be virtual-only for the first time. We own McGovern. We also welcomed a new column a dedicated domain at https://aaaijobfair.com/ editor, Louise Dennis, who took responsibility for the job fair. We typically provide a link on for the News and Events column, succeeding that site through which job-seekers, students, Michael Rovatsos. post-docs, practitioners, and maybe even a The recurring columns in AI matters have in- few faculty, can upload their resumes or CVs. cluded: We then share that data and contact information for the job-seekers with participants on the • AI Interviews (with interesting people from other side: prospective employers. This past academia, industry, and government, led by year was no different, and we connected many the diversity officer), hundreds of job-seekers to employers at the • AI Amusements (including AI humor, cross- job fair. word puzzles, and games), • AI Education (led by the education activities Planning for the Future officer), The nature of the pandemic has changed • AI Policy Issues (led by the public policy of- many of our priorities, and also, of course, ficer), made it difficult for many of our volunteers • AI Buzzwords (which explains new AI con- to serve at the level of energy they have in cepts or terms), the past, given the many different demands on their time. Nevertheless, we are excited • AI Events (which includes conference an- by the direction of SIGAI. In particular, the nouncements and reports, led by the con- new awards and outreach activities to both ference coordination officer) students, job-seekers, and the broader com- • AI Dissertation Abstracts and News from AI munity we have worked on over the last few Groups and Organizations; years . We also have several successful activ- • AI Latest Research Trends (where we in- ities that are joint with other organizations, in- vite recent recipients of competitive grants cluding many conferences co-sponsored with to write about their latest research projects, other ACM SIGs, conferences, the doctoral currently led by the co-editors in chief). consortium, and the new dissertation award with AAAI, and continue to work with IFAA- We are planning an additional recurring col- MAS and IJCAI on joint agreements related umn dedicated to diversity in AI. AI Matters to some of our major awards. We view such also published the winning entries from the collaborations as a highlight and a strength,

8 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 since they beneﬁt the greater AI and computing communities. In the coming year, an area that we want to continue to focus on is improv- ing our reach in industry and those interested in applied AI more generally. In addition, we are working to revamp our website and social media presence to offer more opportunities to engage with SIGAI, and more outreach into the broader community of people interested in Artiﬁcial Intelligence!

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Events Louise A. Dennis (University of Manchester; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430584

This section features information about up- Lecture notes in Artiﬁcial Intelligence. coming events relevant to the readers of AI Matters, including those supported by SIGAI. We would love to hear from you if you are Submission deadline December 15, 2020 are organizing an event and would be inter- Registration April 1, 2021 ested in cooperating with SIGAI. For more Camera Ready April 1, 2021 information about conference support visit sigai.acm.org/activities/requesting sponsor- Conference Sessions July 26-29, 2021 ship.html.

3rd International Conference on Louise Dennis is the Artificial Intelligence & Virtual Reality Conference Coordination (AIVR 2020) Officer for ACM SIGAI, Virtual online event, December 14-18, 2020 and a faculty member at http://ieee-aivr.org the University of Manch- IEEE AIVR is a unique event, addressing re- ester. Her research searchers and industries from all areas of AI is in Verification of Au- as well as Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Re- tonomous Systems, Cog- ality. It provides an international forum for the nitive Agents and Ma- exchange between those fields, to present ad- chine Ethics. Contact her vances in the state of the art, identify emerg- at [email protected]. ing research topics, and together define the future of these exciting research domains. Due to the COVID-19 situation, the conference will be hosted virtually this year and some parts will be streamed online for free. Please refer to the conference’s website for information about registration and the program.

The 34th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering & Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA/AIE 2021) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 26-29, 2021 https://ieaaie2021.wordpress.com/ IEA/AIE 2021 emphasizing in employing studies in theory and practices of Artiﬁcial Intelligence and machine learning for applied intelligent systems, to solve real-life problems in all areas including science, industry, automation and robotics, business and ﬁnance, medicine and biomedicine, bioinformatics, cy- berspace, and human-machine interactions. The proceedings will be published by Springer

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Conference Reports Louise A. Dennis (University of Manchester; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430585

This section features brief reports from recent sion, a double-blind paper review was per- events sponsored or run in cooperation with formed by the Program Committee. After a ACM SIGAI. stringent selection process, 23.42% of the papers were published and presented as full pa- 13th International Joint Conference on pers. Four invited talks were delivered by in- Biomedical Engineering Systems and ternationally distinguished speakers, namely: Technologies (BIOSTEC 2020) Roy Ruddle, University of Leeds, United King- dom; Helena Canhao,˜ Universidade NOVA de Valletta, Malta from 24-26 February, 2020 Lisboa, Portugal; Petia Radeva, Universitat de http://www.biostec.org/?y=2020 Barcelona, Spain; and Silvana Quaglini, Dept. BIOSTEC 2020 (13th International Joint Con- of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engi- ference on Biomedical Engineering Systems neering, University of Pavia, Italy and Technologies) was held in Valletta, Malta from 24-26 February, 2020. It was sponsored by the Institute for Systems and Tech- The BIOSTEC program also included two nologies of Information, Control and Com- workshops, four special sessions, a tutorial munication (INSTICC), and was also techni- and a doctoral consortium: COMP2CLINIC: cally co-sponsored by the IEEE Engineering Biomedical Researchers & Clinicians Clos- in Medicine and Biology Society. BIOSTEC ing The Gap Between Translational Research 2020 was organized in cooperation with the And Healthcare Practice - C2C (workshop), ACM SIGAI and a number of other ACM SIGs chaired by Jason Moore, Carly Bobak, Kristine and national societies. Giffin and Marek Svoboda; Best Practices for Scaling-Up Digital Innovations in Healthcare The purpose of BIOSTEC is to bring together (workshop) - Scale-IT-up, chaired by Hannes researchers and practitioners, including en- Schlieter and Tobias Kowatsch; Designing Fu- gineers, biologists, health professionals and ture Health Innovations as Needed – ClinMed informatics/computer scientists, interested in (special session), chaired by Lionel Pazart both theoretical advances and applications of and Robert Picard; Non-invasive Diagnosis information systems, artificial intelligence, sig- and Neuro-stimulation in Neurorehabilitation nal processing, electronics and other engi- Tasks – NDNSNT (special session), chaired neering tools in knowledge areas related to bi- by Vladimir Kublanov, Yury Kistenev and Za- ology and medicine. far Yuldashev; Mining Self-reported Outcome BIOSTEC 2020 is composed of five co-located Measures, Clinical Assessments, and Non- complementary conferences, each special- invasive Sensor Data Towards Facilitating Di- ized in a different knowledge area. Namely: agnosis, Longitudinal Monitoring, and Treat- BIODEVICES - 13th International Confer- ment – SERPICO (special session), chaired ence on Biomedical Electronics and De- by Athanasios Tsanas, Andreas Triantafyllidis, vices; BIOIMAGING - 7th International Con- Georgios Theodorakopoulos and Siddharth ference on Bioimaging; BIOINFORMATICS - Arora; Machine Learning and Deep Learning 11th International Conference on Bioinformat- Improve Preventive and Personalized Health- ics Models, Methods and Algorithms; BIOSIG- care - Cognitive Health IT (special session), NALS - 13th International Conference on Bio- chaired by Tahir Hameed and Syed Ahmad inspired Systems and Signal Processing; and Chan Bukhari; BioC++ - solving daily bioinfor- HEALTHINF - 13th International Conference matic tasks with C++ efficiently (tutorial), lec- on Health Informatics. tured by Rene´ Rahn and Marcel Ehrhardt; and the doctoral consortium, chaired by Andres BIOSTEC received 363 paper submissions Diaz Lantada. Additionally, six ”Best Paper from 55 countries. To evaluate each submis- Awards”, four ”Best Student Paper Awards”, Copyright c 2020 by the author(s). five “Best Poster Awards” and a “Best Indus-

11 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 trial Paper Award” were conferred at the con- chaired by Andreas Weber, Marieke van Erp ference venue. and Maarten Heerlien. Additionally, a ”Best Paper Award”, a ”Best Student Paper Award”, The next edition of BIOSTEC will be held in a “Best Poster Award” and a “Best Industrial Vienna, Austria on 11-13 February, 2021. Paper Award” were conferred at the conference venue. 12th International Conference on The next edition of ICAART will be held in Vi- Agents and Artificial Intelligence enna, Austria on 4-6 February, 2021. (ICAART 2020) Valletta, Malta from 22-24 February, 2020 http://www.icaart.org/?y=2020 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and ICAART 2020 (12th International Conference Methods (ICPRAM 2020) on Agents and Artificial Intelligence) was held Valletta, Malta from 22-24 February, 2020 in Valletta, Malta from 22-24 February, 2020. http://www.icpram.org/?y=2020 It was sponsored by the Institute for Sys- tems and Technologies of Information, Control ICPRAM 2020 (9th International Confer- and Communication (INSTICC), and was also ence on Pattern Recognition Applications and technically co-sponsored by the IEEE Com- Methods) was held in Valletta, Malta from 22- putational Intelligence Society. ICAART 2020 24 February, 2020. It was sponsored by the was organized in cooperation with the ACM Institute for Systems and Technologies of In- SIGAI several national societies, and the Eu- formation, Control and Communication (IN- ropean Association for Artificial Intelligence STICC). ICPRAM 2020 was organized in co- (EurAi). operation with the ACM SIGAI - ACM Special The purpose of the International Conference Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence, the on Agents and Artificial Intelligence is to bring European Association for Signal Processing together researchers, engineers and practi- (EURASIP), a number of national societies, tioners interested in the theory and applica- and endorsed by the International Association tions in the areas of Agents and Artificial In- for Pattern Recognition (IAPR) telligence. The International Conference on Pattern ICAART received 276 paper submissions from Recognition Applications and Methods is a 54 countries. To evaluate each submission, major point of contact between researchers, a double-blind paper review was performed engineers and practitioners on the areas of by the Program Committee. After a strin- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, gent selection process, 16.3% of the papers both from theoretical and application perspec- were published and presented as full papers. tives. Contributions describing applications Four invited talks were delivered by interna- of Pattern Recognition techniques to real- tionally distinguished speakers, namely: Car- world problems, interdisciplinary research, ex- les Sierra, IIIA-CSIC, Spain; Marie-Christine perimental and/or theoretical studies yielding Rousset, Universite´ Grenoble-Alpes and Insti- new insights that advance Pattern Recognition tut Universitaire de France, France; Bart Sel- methods are especially encouraged. man, Cornell University, United States; Rineke ICPRAM received 102 paper submissions Verbrugge, Bernoulli Institute, University of from 30 countries. To evaluate each submis- Groningen, Netherlands sion, a double-blind paper review was per- The ICAART program also included the follow- formed by the Program Committee. After a ing Special Sessions: Human-centric Appli- stringent selection process, 22.55% of the pa- cations of Multi-agent Technologies – HAMT, pers were published and presented as full pa- chaired by Yasushi Kambayashi; Natural Lan- pers. Three invited talks were delivered by in- guage Processing in Artificial Intelligence – ternationally distinguished speakers, namely: NLPinAI, chaired by Roussanka Loukanova; Andrea Cavallaro, Queen Mary University of and Artificial Intelligence and Digital Heritage: London, United Kingdom (Distinguished IAPR Challenges and Opportunities – ARTIDIGH, Speaker); Cristina Conati, University of British

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Columbia, Canada; Max Welling, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands The ICPRAM program also included the following tutorial: An Introduction to Biometrics, lecturer by Rangachar Kasturii. Additionally, a ”Best Paper Award”, a ”Best Student Paper Award”, a “Best Poster Award” and a “Best In- dustrial Paper Award” were conferred at the conference venue. The next edition of ICPRAM will be held in Vi- enna, Austria on 4-6 February, 2021.

Louise Dennis is the Conference Coordination Ofﬁcer for ACM SIGAI, and a faculty member at the University of Manch- ester. Her research is in Veriﬁcation of Au- tonomous Systems, Cog- nitive Agents and Ma- chine Ethics. Contact her at [email protected].

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AI Education Matters: EAAI Mentored Undergraduate Research Challenges Past, Present, and Future Todd W. Neller (Gettysburg College; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430586

Introduction Two predominant scoring systems, American and British, assign point values to achiev- In this column, we recount the history of EAAI ing row/column Poker hands. Parameterized mentored undergraduate research challenges Poker Squares was a generalization where the from 2014 through the present and share a vi- scoring system was supplied to players at the sion of how such offerings may become more beginning of a game and players were chal- diverse and engage a broader range of faculty lenged to form play strategy under time con- mentors and undergraduate researchers. straints. Unlike many academic disciplines, Computer In our contest, AI players were given 5 minutes Science undergraduate majors currently are to learn play strategy from a given scoring sys- not usually required to take or even offered tem, some fixed and some generated at ran- a research methods course. Even so, many dom within different design constraints. Play- graduate schools desire to admit graduate ers then were required to play such strategies students with undergraduate research experi- for 100 unknown shuffled decks with a time ence. The EAAI Symposium has historically limit of 30 seconds for reasoning during the affirmed the value of mentored undergradu- play of each deck. ate research as an important part of undergraduate AI education. It has expressed this The contest drew participation of 7 teams with value through the support of a number of men- mixed results and 4 papers accepted for pub- tored undergraduate research challenges, de- lication through peer review. scribed below. 2016/2017: Widely-Accessible AI 2014/2015: Parameterized Poker Robotics Tasks Squares Zachary Dodds organized the second men- In 2014/2015, the first mentored undergrad- tored undergraduate research challenge, uate challenge was called “The EAAI NSG ”Widely-Accessible AI Robotics Tasks”. Challenge: Parameterized Poker Squares”. Rather than create a competition, each DARPA had a history of “Grand Challenges”, design challenge entry was awarded an so our acronym “NSG” was a tongue-in- accolade for a unique virtue of its contribu- cheek modest nod to DARPA’s Grand Chal- tion. Contest details focus on three design lenges, noting that undergraduate research tradeoffs: challenges, while non-trivial, would be Not-So- Grand. • AI sophistication: more is better Poker Squares is a folk sequential placement • Wide adaptability: easier is better optimization game. Using a shuffled 52-card • Compelling contexts and toolsets: the more French deck, the rules of (Morehead & Mott- creative and more authentic, the better Smith, 1949, p. 106) read as follows: The challenge attracted 6 entries with corre- Turn up twenty-five cards from the stock, sponding abstracts/papers and presentations one by one, and place each to best advan- at EAAI-17. tage in a tableau of five rows of five cards each. The object is to make as high a total score as possible, in the ten Poker hands 2018/2019: Birds of a Feather formed by the five rows and five columns. Birds of a Feather was offered as a research Copyright c 2020 by the author(s). challenge in this AI Education Matters column

14 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 in the summer of 2016. sary to bring in additional faculty expertise and passion for designing mentored undergradu- The 2018/2019 mentored undergraduate re- ate research challenges. search challenge was for students to research some aspect of this newly-designed solitaire One possible improvement would be to de- card game and publish their research. Most sign and announce the next challenge well be- students focused on search solution efficiency fore the beginning of the academic year. This and state unsolvability detection/prediction. would allow students in both academic year This resulted in 7 accepted peer-reviewed pa- courses (e.g. capstone research) and summer pers and 1 poster. research programs to participate before the following fall deadline. While it is too late for this academic year, we envision a future orga- Current 2020/2021 Challenge: Gin nizational structure that would establish a reg- Rummy ular calendar workflow to distribute the consid- erable work necessary to create and support Gin Rummy is one of the most popular 2- these endeavors annually going forward. player card games played with a standard 52- card deck. Ranks run from aces low to kings high. The object of the game is to be the first Conclusion player to score 100 or more points accumu- lated through the scoring of individual hands. Looking at the past and present, there is a In this Gin Rummy mentored undergraduate consistent level of energy and engagement research challenge, students develop AI play- around the worthy task of mentoring under- ers to play games within a time constraint of graduate research skill. Our greatest chal- 30 seconds per player per game (consisting lenge looking forward is to establish an or- of multiple hands) using North American gin ganizational structure that feature diverse re- and undercut bonuses of 25 points each. search topic areas from year to year and will operate with an annual rhythm that allows for At time of writing, 14 teams of 50 total men- both academic year and summer participation. tors and undergraduate students have sub- mitted AI players for competition evaluation. If you are interested, please email the author Corresponding papers are already trickling in of this column with your CV, website, and a more than a week in advance of the submis- brief description of your interests in supporting sion deadline. This is our highest participation our endeavors. rate to date and bodes well for the future of these endeavors. References Morehead, A. H., & Mott-Smith, G. (1949). Looking Forward The complete book of solitaire & pa- It is clear that there is a consistent recognition tience games (1st ed.). Grosset & Dun- of the value of mentored undergraduate re- lap. search opportunities in our AI Education community. Perhaps the next best step is to establish a committee and workflow for consis- Todd W. Neller is a Pro- tent offering of diverse challenges each year fessor of Computer Sci- with distributed and rotating responsibility. At ence at Gettysburg Col- time of writing, we are seeking volunteers to lege. A game enthu- serve in organization, promotion, mentoring, siast, Neller researches and peer-review in this cyclic process. game AI techniques and Because the challenges have largely been or- their uses in undergradu- ganized by one primarily interested in Game ate education. AI, challenge problems have not tapped many of the diverse subfields of AI research. To engage a broader cross-section of faculty mentors and undergraduate students, it is neces-

15 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020

AI Policy Matters Larry Medsker (The George Washington University; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430587

Abstract poor quality inputs to language models. An article by David Pereira includes examples and AI Policy Matters is a regular column in AI comments on the use of GPT-3. The article Matters featuring summaries and commen- “GPT-3: an AI Game-Changer or an Environ- tary based on postings that appear twice mental Disaster?” by John Naughton gives ex- a month in the AI Matters blog (https:// amples of and commentary on results from sigai.acm.org/aimatters/blog/). We GPT-3. welcome everyone to make blog comments so we can develop a rich knowledge base of Data Governance information and ideas representing the SIGAI A possible meta solution for policymakers to members. keep up with technological advances and AI data issues is discussed by Alex Woodie in “AI Ethics and Data Governance: A Virtu- AI Data ous Cycle.” He quotes James Cotton, who is the international director of the Data Man- Confusion in the popular media about terms agement Centre of Excellence at Information such as algorithm and what constitutes AI Builders’ Amsterdam office: “as powerful as technology cause critical misunderstandings the AI technology is, it can’t be implemented among the public and policymakers. More im- in an ethical manner if the underlying data portantly, the role of data is often ignored in is poorly managed and badly governed. It’s ethical and operational considerations. Even if critical to understand the relationship between AI systems are perfectly built, low quality and data governance and AI ethics. One is foun- biased data cause unintentional and even in- dational for the other. You can’t preach be- tentional hazards. ing ethical or using data in an ethical way if Language Models and Data you don’t know what you have, where it came from, how it’s being used, or what it’s being A generative pre-trained transformer GPT-3 is used for.” currently in the news. For example, James Vincent in the July 30, 2020, article in The Verge writes about GPT-3, which was created USTPC in the News by OpenAI. Language models, GPT-3 the current ultimate product, have ethics issues on The ACM’s US Technology Policy Commit- steroids for products being made. Inputs to tee (USTPC) was very active in July, 2020! the system have all the liabilities discussed The contributions and visibility of USTPC as about Machine Learning and Artificial Neu- a group and as individual members are very ral Network products. The dangers of bias welcome and impressive. The following list and mistakes are raised in some writings but has links to highly-recommended reading. are likely not a focus among the wide range Amicus Brief: USTPC Urges Narrower Defini- of enthusiastic product developers using the tion of Computer Fraud and Abuse Act open-source GPT-3. Language models sug- gest output sequences of words given an in- ACM’s USTPC filed an amicus curiae (“friend put sequence. Thus, samples of text from so- of the court”) brief with the United States cial media can be used to produce new text Supreme Court in the landmark case of Van in the same style as the author and poten- Buren v. United States. “Van Buren marks tially can be used to influence public opinion. the first time that the US Supreme Court has Cases have been found of promulgating incor- reviewed the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act rect grammar and misuse of terms based on (CFAA), a 1986 law that was originally intended to punish hacking. In recent years, Copyright c 2020 by the author(s). however, the CFAA has been used to crimi-

16 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 nally prosecute both those who access a com- The National AI Research Resource Task puter system without permission, as well as Force Act. “The bipartisan, bicameral bill in- those who have permission but exceed their troduced by Reps. Anna Eshoo, (D-Calif.), authority to use a database once logged in.” Anthony Gonzalez (R-Ohio), and Mikie Sher- rill (D-N.J.), along with companion legislation USTPC Statement On Face Recognition by Sens. Rob Portman (R-Ohio) and Mar- (USTPC) has assessed the present state of tin Heinrich (D-N.M.), would form a commit- facial recognition (FR) technology as applied tee to figure out how to launch and best use by the government and private sector. The a national AI research cloud. Public and pri- Committee concludes that, “when rigorously vate researchers and developers from across evaluated, the technology too often produces the country would share this cloud to com- results demonstrating clear bias based on eth- bine their data, computing power and other nic, racial, gender, and other human charac- resources on AI. The panel would include ex- teristics recognizable by computer systems. perts from government, academia and the pri- The consequences of such bias, USTPC vate sector.” notes, frequently can and do extend well be- The Advancing Artificial Intelligence Research yond inconvenience to include profound injury, Act. “The bipartisan bill introduced by Sen- particularly to the lives, livelihoods and funda- ate Commerce Chairman Roger Wicker (R- mental rights of individuals in specific demo- Miss.), Sen. Cory Gardner (R-Colo.) and graphic groups, including some of the most Gary Peters (D-Mich.), a founding member of vulnerable populations in our society.” See the the Senate AI Caucus, would create a pro- NBC news article. gram to accelerate research and development Barbara Simons Recipient of the 2019 ACM of guidance around AI at the National Institute Policy Award of Standards and Technology. It would also create at least a half-dozen AI research insti- USTPC’s Barbara Simons, founder of USTPC tutes to examine the benefits and challenges predecessor USACM, is the recipient of the of the emerging technology and how it can be 2019 ACM Policy Award for “long-standing, deployed; provide funding to universities and high-impact leadership as ACM President and nonprofits researching AI; and launch a pilot founding Chair of ACM’s US Public Policy at the National Science Foundation for AI re- Committee (USACM), while making influential search grants.” contributions to improve the reliability of and public confidence in election technology. Over several decades, Simons has advanced tech- AI and Facial Recognition nology policy by founding and leading organizations, authoring influential publications, and Concerns About Facial Recognition: Dis- effecting change through lobbying and public crimination, Privacy, and Democratic Free- education.” Congratulations, Barbara! dom Potential New Issues While including ethical and moral issues, a broader list of issues is concerning to citi- ACM urged Preservation of Temporary Visa zens and policymakers about face recognition Exemptions for Nonimmigrant Students, and technology and AI. Areas of concerns include Harvard filed a complaint for declaratory and accuracy; surveillance; data storage, permis- injunctive relief. This issue may have dramatic sions, and access; discrimination, fairness, impacts on university research and teaching. and bias; privacy and video recording without Thank you, USTPC, for your hard work and consent; democratic freedoms, including right representation of ACM to policymakers! to choose, gather, and speak; and abuse of technology such as non-intended uses, hacking, and deep fakes. Used responsibly and AI in Congress ethically, face recognition can be valuable for finding missing people, responsible policing Politico reports on two separate bills intro- and law enforcement, medical uses, health- duced on June 2. (See the section entitled care, virus tracking, legal system and court “Artificial Intelligence: Let’s Do the Thing”.) uses, and advertising. Various guidelines by

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organizations such as the AMA and legislation attributes or protected attributes in the ma- like S.3284 – Ethical Use of Facial Recogni- chine learning world. tion Act are being developed to encourage the 2. Indirect Discrimination: Even if sensitive or proper use of AI and face recognition. Some protected attributes are not used against of the above issues do specifically require eth- an individual, indirect discrimination can still ical analysis as in the following by Yaroslav Ku- happen. For example, residential zip code flinski: is not categorized as a protected attribute, but from the zip code one might infer race, 1. Accuracy — FR systems naturally discrim- which is a protected attribute. So, “protected inate against non-whites, women, and chil- groups or individuals still can get treated un- dren, presenting errors of up to 35% for non- justly as a result of implicit effects from their white women. protected attributes”. 2. Surveillance issues — concerns about “big 3. Systemic Discrimination: “policies, customs, brother” watching society. or behaviors that are a part of the culture 3. Data storage — use of images for future pur- or structure of an organization that may per- poses stored alongside genuine criminals. petuate discrimination against certain sub- 4. Finding missing people — breaches of the groups of the population”. right to a private life. 4. Statistical Discrimination: In law enforce- 5. Advertising — invasion of privacy by display- ment, racial profiling is an example of sta- ing information and preferences that a buyer tistical discrimination. In this case, minority would prefer to keep secret. drivers are pulled over more than compared to white drivers — “statistical discrimination 6. Studies of commercial systems are increas- is a phenomenon where decision-makers ingly available, for example an analysis of use average group statistics to judge an in- Amazon Rekognition. dividual belonging to that group.” 7. Biases deriving from sources of unfairness 5. Explainable Discrimination: In some cases, and discrimination in machine learning have discrimination can be explained using at- been identified in two areas: the data and tributes like working hours and education, the algorithms. Biases in data skew what is which is legal and acceptable. In “the UCI learned in machine learning methods, and Adult dataset, a widely-used dataset in the flaws in algorithms can lead to unfair deci- fairness domain, males on average have a sions even when the data is unbiased. In- higher annual income than females; how- tentional or unintentional biases can exist in ever, this is because, on average, females the data used to train FR systems. work fewer hours than males per week. 8. New human-centered design approaches Work hours per week is an attribute that can seek to provide intentional system devel- be used to explain low income. If we make opment steps and processes in collecting decisions without considering working hours data and creating high quality databases, in- such that males and females end up averag- cluding the elimination of naturally occurring ing the same income, we could lead to re- bias reflected in data about real people. verse discrimination since we would cause male employees to get lower salary than fe- Bias That Pertains Especially to Facial males. Recognition (Mehrabi, et al. and Barocas et. 6. Unexplainable Discrimination: This type of al.) discrimination is not legal as explainable discrimination because “the discrimination to- 1. Direct Discrimination: “Direct discrimination ward a group is unjustified”. happens when protected attributes of individuals explicitly result in non-favorable out- How to Discuss Facial Recognition comes toward them”. Some traits like race, color, national origin, religion, sex, fam- Recent controversies about FR mix technol- ily status, disability, exercised rights under ogy issues with ethical imperatives and ig- CCPA, marital status, receipt of public as- nore that people can disagree on which are sistance, and age are identified as sensitive the “correct” ethical principles. A recent ACM

18 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 tweet on FR and face masks was interpreted widely accepted standards of right and wrong in different ways and ACM issued an official to guide moral conduct in the development clarification. A question that emerges is if AI and use of AI technologies. These values, and other technologies should be, and can be, principles, and techniques are intended both banned rather than controlled and regulated. to motivate morally acceptable practices and In early June, 2020, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna to prescribe the basic duties and obligations said in a letter to Congress that IBM is exit- necessary to produce ethical, fair, and safe AI ing the facial recognition business and asking applications. The field of AI ethics has largely for reforms to combat racism: “IBM no longer emerged as a response to the range of individ- offers general purpose IBM facial recognition ual and societal harms that the misuse, abuse, or analysis software. IBM firmly opposes and poor design, or negative unintended conse- will not condone uses of any technology, in- quences of AI systems may cause.” They cite cluding facial recognition technology offered the following as some of the most consequen- by other vendors, for mass surveillance, racial tial potential harms: profiling, violations of basic human rights and freedoms, or any purpose which is not con- • Bias and Discrimination sistent with our values and Principles of Trust • Denial of Individual Autonomy, Recourse, and Transparency,” Krishna said in his letter to and Rights members of congress, “We believe now is the • Non-transparent, Unexplainable, or Unjusti- time to begin a national dialogue on whether fiable Outcomes and how facial recognition technology should be employed by domestic law enforcement • Invasions of Privacy agencies.” • Isolation and Disintegration of Social Con- nection Policy and AI Ethics • Unreliable, Unsafe, or Poor-Quality Out- comes The Alan Turing Institute Public Policy Pro- gramme The Ethical Platform for the Responsible De- livery of an AI Project, strives to enable the Among the complexities of public policy mak- “ethical design and deployment of AI sys- ing, the new world of AI and data science tems using a multidisciplinary team effort. It requires careful consideration of ethics and demands the active cooperation of all team safety in addressing complex and far-reaching members both in maintaining a deeply in- challenges in the public domain. Data and grained culture of responsibility and in exe- AI systems lead to opportunities that can pro- cuting a governance architecture that adopts duce both good and bad outcomes. Ethi- ethically sound practices at every point in the cal and safe systems require intentional pro- innovation and implementation lifecycle.” The cesses and designs for organizations respon- goal is to “unite an in-built culture of responsi- sible for providing public services and cre- ble innovation with a governance architecture ating public policies. An increasing amount that brings the values and principles of ethical, of research focuses on developing compre- fair, and safe AI to life.” Useful references: hensive guidelines and techniques for industry and government groups to make sure they 1 Leslie, D. (2019). Understanding artificial consider the range of issues in AI ethics and intelligence ethics and safety: A guide for safety in their work. the responsible design and implementation of AI systems in the public sector. The Alan An excellent example is the Public Policy Pro- Turing Institute. gramme at The Alan Turing Institute under the direction of Dr. David Leslie. Their work com- 2 Data Ethics Framework (2018). plements and supplements the Data Ethics Principled Artificial Intelligence Framework, which is a practical tool for use in any project initiation phase. Data Ethics and In January, 2020, the Berkman Klein Cen- AI Ethics regularly overlap. The Public Policy ter released a report by Jessica Fjeld and Programme describes AI Ethics as “a set of Adam Nagy “Mapping Consensus in Ethical values, principles, and techniques that employ and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles

19 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 for AI”, which summarizes contents of 36 doc- porting human self-efficacy, mastery, creativ- uments on AI principles. This work acknowl- ity, and responsibility.” edges the surge in frameworks based on ethical and human rights to guide the development and use of AI technologies. The authors COVID AI focus on understanding ethics efforts in terms AI is in the news and in policy discussions re- of eight key thematic trends: garding COVID-19, both about ways to help fight the pandemic and in terms of ethi- • Privacy cal issues that policymakers should address. • Accountability Michael Corkery and David Gelles in the NY • Safety and security Times article “Robots Welcome to Take Over, as Pandemic Accelerates Automation”, sug- • Transparency and explainability gest that “social-distancing directives, which • Fairness and non-discrimination are likely to continue in some form after the • Human control of technology crisis subsides, could prompt more industries to accelerate their use of automation.” An MIT • Professional responsibility Technology Review article by Genevieve Bell, • Promotion of human values “We need mass surveillance to fight COVID- 19—but it doesn’t have to be creepy” looks at They report “our analysis examined the forty- the pros and cons of AI technology and if we seven individual principles that make up the now have the chance to “reinvent the way we themes, detailing notable similarities and dif- collect and share personal data while protect- ferences in interpretation found across the ing individual privacy.” documents. In sharing these observations, Public Health and Privacy Issues it is our hope that policymakers, advocates, scholars, and others working to maximize the Liza Lin and Timothy W. Martin in “How Coro- benefits and minimize the harms of AI will be navirus Is Eroding Privacy” write about how better positioned to build on existing efforts technology is being developed to track and and to push the fractured, global conversation monitor individuals for slowing the pandemic, on the future of AI toward consensus.” but that this “raises concerns about government overreach.” Human-Centered AI Here is an excerpt from that WSJ article: Prof. Ben Shneiderman’s research empha- “Governments worldwide are using digital sizes human autonomy as opposed to the surveillance technologies to track the spread popular notion of autonomous machines. The of the coronavirus pandemic, raising concerns ideas are now available in the International about the erosion of privacy. ” Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. The abstract is as follows: “Well-designed tech- “Many Asian governments are tracking peo- nologies that offer high levels of human con- ple through their cellphones to identify those trol and high levels of computer automation suspected of being infected with COVID-19 can increase human performance, leading to without prior consent. European countries are wider adoption. The Human-Centered Arti- tracking citizens’ movements via telecommu- ficial Intelligence (HCAI) framework clarifies nications data that they claim conceals individ- how to (1) design for high levels of human uals’ identities; American officials are drawing control and high levels of computer automa- cellphone location data from mobile advertis- tion so as to increase human performance, (2) ing firms to monitor crowds, but not individu- understand the situations in which full human als. The biggest privacy debate concerns in- control or full computer control are necessary, voluntary use of smartphones and other dig- and (3) avoid the dangers of excessive human ital data to identify everyone with whom the control or excessive computer control. The infected had recent contact, then testing and methods of HCAI are more likely to produce quarantining at-risk individuals to halt the fur- designs that are Reliable, Safe and Trustwor- ther spread of the disease. Public health of- thy (RST). Achieving these goals will dramati- ficials say surveillance will be necessary in cally increase human performance, while sup- the months ahead, as quarantines are relaxed

20 AI MATTERS, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2020 and the virus remains a threat while a vaccine NSF Program on Fairness in Artificial is developed.” Intelligence (FAI) in Collaboration with Amazon “In South Korea, investigators scan smart- A new National Science Foundation solicita- phone data to find within 10 minutes people tion NSF 20-566 has been announced by the who might have caught the coronavirus from Directorate for Computer and Information Sci- someone they met. Israel has tapped its Shin ence and Engineering, Division of Information Bet intelligence unit, usually focused on terror- and Intelligent Systems, Directorate for Social, ism, to track down potential Coronavirus pa- Behavioral and Economic Sciences, and Divi- tients through telecom data. One U.K. po- sion of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. lice force uses drones to monitor public areas, shaming residents who go out for a stroll.” Please join our discussions at the SIGAI Policy Blog. “The COVID-19 pandemic is ushering in a new era of digital surveillance and rewiring the world’s sensibilities about data privacy. Governments are imposing new digital surveil- Larry Medsker is a Re- lance tools to track and monitor individuals. search Professor at The Many citizens have welcomed tracking tech- George Washington Uni- nology intended to bolster defenses against versity, where he was the novel coronavirus. Yet some privacy advo- founding director of the cates are wary, concerned that governments Data Science graduate might not be inclined to unwind such practices program. He is currently after the health emergency has passed.” a faculty member in the GW Human-Technology Collaboration Lab and Ph.D. program. His research in AI in- “Authorities in Asia, where the virus first cludes work on artificial neural networks, hy- emerged, have led the way. Many govern- brid intelligent systems, and the impacts of AI ments didn’t seek permission from individu- on society and policy. He is Co-Editor-in-Chief als before tracking their cellphones to iden- for the journal AI and Ethics and the Public tify suspected coronavirus patients. South Ko- Policy Officer for the ACM SIGAI. rea, China and Taiwan, after initial outbreaks, chalked up early successes in flattening infec- tion curves to their use of tracking programs.”

“In Europe and the U.S., where privacy laws and expectations are more stringent, governments and companies are taking different approaches. European nations monitor citizen movement by tapping telecommunica- tions data that they say conceals individuals’ identities.”

“American officials are drawing cellphone location data from mobile advertising firms to track the presence of crowds—but not individuals. Apple and Google recently announced plans to launch a voluntary app that health officials can use to reverse-engineer sickened patients’ recent whereabouts—provided they agree to provide such information.”

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AI Fun Matters Adi Botea (Eaton; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3430581.3430588

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aphrodite’s son. 9) ’ Game, science fic- tion book and film. 12) Jeans brand. 14) 10 11 12 Word with greater significance. 16) Great

13 14 15 16 North American lake. 19) Cardio exercise. 22) Citizen , American drama ﬁlm. 23) A 17 18 19 20 time in history. 25) Stack on a desk. 26) Made to follow a curve. 29) Passes as a 21 22 23 horror scenario. 30) Small Renault model. 31) Magniﬁcent lights in the sky. 33) Presi- 24 25 A I 26 dent’s palace in Paris. 34) Good to harvest.

27 35) Nature’s furious outbreaks. 37) Funding M provider. 40) Ratio keyword. 41) Qualiﬁed 29 30 31 32 A 33 34 35 for a basketball competition. 43) Not a number in computer science. 45) Post-mortem 36 37 T 38 decay. 39 40 T 41 Previous solution: PLANNING - SLAV - TOO - OBOE - ASTERS - LENSES - SEAL - TODD - SRI - MAC 42 43 45 E - GELS - TOGO - ASHTRAY - MORON - HOLMDEL

46 - SINEW - PENDANT - EDEN - HUMS - LAO - ALE - R PASO - SKIN - REDEEM - NEPALI - LENA - AIL - HEEL 48 49 S - LEARNING Acknowledgment: I thank Karen McKenna Across: 1) Popular team sport. 7) Ancient for her feedback. The grid is created with the art gallery. 10) Pathway over the sea. 11) AI system Combus (Botea, 2007). Skin lotion ingredient. 13) Fish similar to sar- dines. 15) Written by hand. 17) Ripped References apart. 18) Painkiller effect. 20) A word just like before. 21) Chapter in history. 22) Ro- Botea, A. (2007). Crossword Grid Composi- tula’s joint. 23) Way to represent a complex tion with A Hierarchical CSP Encoding. number. 24) Crisis with no hope. 26) Army In The 6th CP Workshop ModRef. camps. 27) Cash flows received. 29) Im- prove an algorithm to handle larger problems. 32) Enjoys a fun conversation. 36) Cross- words building block. 37) Brad , American Adi Botea is an AI se- actor. 38) Set on fire. 39) Composition for nior specialist at Eaton, an organ. 40) Mutual understanding. 41) Ireland. He holds a PhD Spell-checker target. 42) Wayne , retired from the Univ. of Alberta, English footballer. 44) Top pencil accessory. Canada. Adi co-authored 46) Not much done at a barbeque. 47) Po- over 80 scientific papers. sition along a career pathway. 48) Gratious He has published cross- feathered swimmer. 49) Cattle thieves. words in Romanian, in national-level venues, for Down: 1) Skipped meals. 2) Majestic musi- almost 3 decades. cal compositions. 3) Scrabble piece. 4) Play in a casino. 5) Toxic metalloid. 6) Memory failure. 7) Reason to reject. 8) Trojan hero, Copyright c 2020 by the author(s).