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Information as of 4 March 2015 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm. Vice Admiral VMar. Vice Marshal Afghanistan Last Updated: 10 Feb 2015 Pres. Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH, Dr. First Vice Pres. Abdul Rashid DOSTAM Second Vice Pres. Sarwar DANESH First Deputy CEO Khyal Mohammad KHAN Second Deputy CEO Mohammad MOHAQQEQ Min. of Agriculture, Irrigation, & Livestock (Acting) Saleem Khan KUNDUZI Min. of Border & Tribal Affairs (Acting) Sayed Ahmad HAQBIN, Dr. Min. of Commerce & Industry (Acting) Mohammad Shakir KARGAR Min. of Communications (Acting) Hesamuddin HESAM Min. of Counternarcotics (Acting) Harun Rashid SHERZAD Min. of Defense (Acting) Enayatullah NAZARI Min. of Economy (Acting) Hakam Khan HABIBI Min. of Education Min. of Energy & Water (Acting) Ghulam Farooq QARIZADA Min. of Finance Eklil Ahmad HAKIMI Min. of Foreign Affairs Salahuddin RABBANI Min. of Hajj & Islamic Affairs Faiz Muhammad OSMANI Min. of Health Ferozuddin FEROZ Min. of Higher Education (Acting) Mohammad Osman BABURI Min. of Information & Culture (Acting) Ghulam Nabi FARAHI Min. of Interior Noor ul-Haq ULUMI Min. of Justice (Acting) Said Yusuf HALIM Min. of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, & Social Affairs (Acting) Wasil Noor MOHMAND Min. of Mines & Petroleum Daud SABA Min. of Parliamentary Affairs (Acting) Karim BAZ, Dr. Min. of Public Works (Acting) Noor Gul MANGAL Min. of Refugees & Repatriation Sayed Hussain Alemi BALKHI Min. of Rural Rehabilitation & Development Nasir Ahmad DURRANI Min. of Transportation & Civil Aviation (Acting) Ghulam Ali RASIKH Min. of Urban Development (Acting) Hamid JALIL Min. of Women's Affairs (Acting) Hasan Bano GHAZANFAR National Security Adviser Mohammad Hanif ATMAR Dir. Gen., National Directorate of Security Rahmatullah NABIL Dir. Gen. (Acting), Independent Directorate for Local Governance Abdul Matin BEG Governor (Acting), Da Afghanistan Bank Noorullah DELAWARI Ambassador to the US Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Zahir TANIN Albania Last Updated: 17 Sep 2013 Pres. Bujar NISHANI Prime Min. Edi RAMA Dep. Prime Min. Niko PELESHI Min. of Agriculture, Food, & Consumer Protection Edmond PANARITI Min. of Culture Mirela KUMBARO Min. of Defense Mimi KODHELI Min. of Economic Development, Trade, & Entrepreneurship Arben AHMETAJ Min. of Education & Sports Lindita NIKOLLI Min. of Energy & Industry Damian GJIKNURI Min. of Environment Lefter KOKA Min. of Finance Shkelqim CANI Min. of Foreign Affairs Ditmir BUSHATI Min. of Health Ilir BEQJA Min. of Innovation & Public Admin. Milena HARITO Min. of Integration Klajda GJOSHA Min. of Interior Sajmir TAHIRI Min. of Justice Nasip NACO Min. of Local Govt. Affairs Bled CUCI Min. of Relations With Parliament Ilirjan CELIBASHI Min. of Social Welfare & Youth Erion VELIAJ Min. of Transport & Infrastructure Edmond HAXHINASTO Min. of Urban Development & Tourism Englantina GJERMENI Governor, Bank of Albania Ardian FULLANI Ambassador to the US Gilbert GALANXHI Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Ferit HOXHA Algeria Last Updated: 11 May 2014 Pres. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA Prime Min. Abdelmalek SELLAL Min. of Agriculture & Rural Development Abdelwahab NOURI Min. of Commerce Amara BENYOUNES Min. of Communication Hamid GRINE Min. of Culture Nadia LABIDI Min. of Energy Youcef YOUSFI Min. of Finance Mohamed DJELLAB Min. of Fisheries & Fishing Resources Sid Ahmed FERROUKHI Min. of Foreign Affairs Ramtane LAMAMRA Min. of Health, Population, & Hospital Reform Abdelmalek BOUDIAF Min. of Higher Education & Scientific Research Mohamed MEBARKI Min. of Housing, Urban Planning, & the City Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE Min. of Industry & Mines Abdesalam BOUCHOUAREB Min. of Interior & Local Govts. Tayeb BELAIZ Min. of Justice & Keeper of the Seals Tayeb LOUH Min. of Labor, Employment, & Social Security Mohamed GHAZI Min. of National Defense Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA Min. of National Education Nouria BENGHEBRIT Min. of National Planning & Environment Dalila BOUDJEMAA Min. of National Solidarity, Family, & Women's Affairs Mounia MESLEM Min. of Postal Services & Information & Communication Technologies Zohra DERDOURI Min. of Public Works Abdelkader KADI Min. of Relations With the Parliament Khelil MAHI Min. of Religious Affairs & Endowments Mohamed AISSA Min. of Sports Mohamed TAHMI Min. of Tourism & Craft Industry Nouria Yasmina ZERHOUNI Min. of Transport Amar GHOUL Min. of Vocational Training Nouredine BEDOUI Min. of War Veterans (Moudjahidine) Tayeb ZITOUNI Min. of Water Resources Hocine NECIB Min. of Youth Abdelkader KHOMRI Min.-Del. to the Min. of Finance in Charge of the Budget Hadji Baba AMMI Min.-Del. to the Min. of Foreign Affairs in Charge of Maghreb & African Affairs Abdelkader MESSAHEL Sec. Gen. of the Govt. Ahmed NOUI Governor, Bank of Algeria Mohamed LAKSACI Ambassador to the US Abdallah BAALI Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Sabri BOUKADOUM Andorra Last Updated: 26 Feb 2015 Head of State (Co-Prince) Francois HOLLANDE Head of State (Co-Prince) Joan-Enric VIVES i SICILIA, Bishop Head of Govt. Antoni MARTI Petit Min. of Culture Albert Esteve GARCIA Min. of Economy & Territorial Planning Jordi ALCOBE Font Min. of Education & Youth Roser SUNE Pascuet Min. of Finance & Public Admin. Jordi CINCA Mateos Min. of Foreign Affairs Gilbert SABOYA Sunye Min. of Health & Wellness Cristina RODRIGUEZ Galan Min. of Justice & Interior Xavier ESPOT Zamora Min. of the Presidency Antoni RIBERAYGUA Sasplugas Min. of Tourism & Environment Francesc CAMP Torres Ambassador to the US Narcis CASAL de Fonsdeviela Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Narcis CASAL de Fonsdeviela Angola Last Updated: 18 Dec 2014 Pres. Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS Vice Pres. Manuel Domingos VICENTE Min. of Agriculture Afonso Pedro CANGA Min. of Commerce Rosa Escorcio PACAVIRA DE MATOS Min. of Culture Rosa Maria MARTINS DA CRUZ E SILVA Min. of Defense Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO Min. of Economy Abraao Pio dos Santos GOURGEL Min. of Education Mpinda SIMAO Min. of Energy & Water Joao Baptista BORGES Min. of Environment Maria de Fatima Monteiro JARDIM Min. of External Relations Georges Rebelo CHIKOTI Min. of Family & Women Promotion Maria Felomena de Fatima Lobao TELO DELGADO Min. of Finance Armando MANUEL Min. of Fisheries Victoria Christopher Francisco Lopes de Barros NETO Min. of Former Combatants & Veterans of War Candido Pereira dos Santos VAN DUNEM, Maj. Gen. Min. of Geology, Mines, & Industry Manuel Francisco QUEIROS Min. of Health Jose Vieira DIAS VAN-DUNEM Min. of Higher Education Adao do NASCIMENTO Min. of Hotels & Tourism Pedro MUTINDE Min. of Industry Bernarda Goncalves Martins Henriques DA SILVA Min. of Interior Angelo de Barros Veiga TAVARES Min. of Justice & Human Rights Rui Jorge Carneiro MANGUEIRA Min. of Parliamentary Affairs Rosa Luis de Sousa MICOLO Min. of Petroleum Jose Maria Botelho de VASCONCELOS Min. of Planning Job GRACA Min. of Public Admin., Employment, & Social Security Antonio Domingos da Costa Pitra NETO Min. of Science & Technology Maria Candida TEIXEIRA Min. of Social Communication Jose Luis DE MATOS Min. of Telecommunications & Information Technology Jose Carvalho DA ROCHA Min. of Territorial Admin. Bornito de Sousa Baltazar DIOGO Min. of Transport Augusto da Silva TOMAS Min. of Urbanism & Housing Jose Antonio Maria DA CONCEICAO E SILVA Min. of Welfare & Social Reintegration Joao Baptista KUSSUMUA Min. of Youth & Sports Goncalves Manuel MUANDUMBA Min. in the Office of the Presidency, Civil Affairs Edeltrudes Mauricio Fernandes GASPAR DA COSTA Min. in the Office of the Presidency, Military Affairs Manuel Helder "Kopelipa" VIEIRA DIAS Sec. of the Council of Ministers Frederico Manuel dos Santos e Silva CARDOSO Governor, National Bank of Angola Jose de Lima MASSANO Ambassador to the US Agostinho NETO Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Ismael Abraao GASPAR MARTINS Antigua and Barbuda Last Updated: 7 Jan 2015 Governor Gen. Rodney WILLIAMS Prime Min. Gaston BROWNE Senior Min. Lester
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    Tracing Authoritarian Learning in Belarus, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine By Stephen Hall SSEES UCL PhD Thesis Word Count: 99,492 I, Stephen Hall confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 1 Abstract The thesis addresses how authoritarian regimes remain in power, and the processes of learning they engage in, using the case studies of Belarus, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. I investigate six propositions, arguing that firstly, authoritarian learning differs from democratic learning because authoritarian regimes are concerned principally with survival and so learn best practices to ensure that they possess a full palette of survival practices. Secondly, there is a flattened learning hierarchy or network between authoritarian regimes. Thirdly, internal networks are important for learning among authoritarian regimes. Fourthly, success and failure are equally important for authoritarian learning. Fifthly, internal examples are as relevant to authoritarian learning as external examples. Sixthly, authoritarian regimes use a full palette of survival practices than just relying on repression. Therefore, authoritarian regimes are more likely to be concerned than democratic regimes about survivial, and so they develop a full palette of survival practices. The thesis argues that learning hierarchies are flattened. Success and failure are as important to authoritarian learning as each other, with authoritarian regimes drawing on both successful and failed examples. Similarly, internal sources of learning are as relevant to understanding authoritarian learning as external examples. Lastly, authoritarian regimes have a full palette of survival strategies than just relying on repression.
  • Monitoring Report No. 3 Elements of Propaganda, Information Manipulation and Violation of Journalism Ethics in the Local Media Space

    Monitoring Report No. 3 Elements of Propaganda, Information Manipulation and Violation of Journalism Ethics in the Local Media Space

    Monitoring Report No. 3 Elements of Propaganda, Information Manipulation and Violation of Journalism Ethics in the Local Media Space May 1, 2016 - August 1, 2016 The report was developed by the Independent Journalism Center within the Media campaign against false and biased information - STOP FALS!, conducted by the Association of Independent Press (API), Independent Journalism Center (IJC) and Association of Independent TV Journalists (ATVJI). 1 I. GENERAL INFORMATION In the period of May 1 – August 1, 2016, the Independent Journalism Center monitored 12 media outlets in Moldova – news portals and TV channels – in order to identify whether the journalistic materials they broadcast contain violations of ethical rules and elements of information manipulation. Analysis concerned how these media outlets cover events of major public interest in the areas of politics, economy, external policy, etc. and whether they abide by journalism rules on verifying information via several sources and ensuring pluralism of opinions and balance in conflicting news stories. Referral to the Code of Ethics and to important scientific works enabled identification of procedures and devices used to influence the public by spreading manipulating messages. Purpose of monitoring: To determine whether the media abide by professional ethics or use manipulation in the coverage of topics of public interest, and to identify eventual violations. To expose the intentional or unintentional mistakes made by journalists while reporting about facts, so that case studies and monitoring reports might play an educational role. Another purpose of monitoring is to contribute to increasing the vigilance of media consumers to the risks of receiving information from unsafe sources.