Category Use in Problem-Solving As a Window on the Autistic Cognitive Style
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Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
1 INTERAGENCY AUTISM COORDINATING COMMITTEE FULL COMMITTEE MEETING THURSDAY, July 22, 2021 The full Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) convened virtually, at 2:00 p.m., Joshua Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., Chair, presiding. PRESENT: JOSHUA GORDON, M.D., Ph.D., Chair, IACC, Director, National Institute of Mental Health, (NIMH) SUSAN DANIELS, Ph.D., Executive Secretary, IACC, Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC), NIMH COURTNEY FERRELL AKLIN, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health (NIH)(representing Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D.) MARIA MERCEDES AVILA, Ph.D., M.S.W., M.Ed. University of Vermont SKYE BASS, L.C.S.W., Indian Health Service (IHS) DIANA BIANCHI, M.D., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) SAMANTHA CRANE, J.D., Autistic Self Advocacy Network 2 PRESENT: (continued) AISHA DICKERSON, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University TIFFANY FARCHIONE, M.D., U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MARIA FRYER, M.S., U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) DAYANA GARCIA, M.Ed., Administration for Children and Families (ACF) DENA GASSNER, M.S.W., Adelphi University MORÉNIKE GIWA ONAIWU, M.A., Rice University ALYCIA HALLADAY, Ph.D., Autism Science Foundation CRAIG JOHNSON, B.A. Champions Foundation JENNIFER JOHNSON, Ed.D., Administration for Community Living (ACL) CINDY LAWLER, Ph.D., National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (representing Rick Woychik, Ph.D.) ALISON MARVIN, Ph.D., Social Security Administration (SSA) LINDSEY NEBEKER,B.A., Freelance Presenter/Trainer SCOTT PATTERSON, Ph.D., U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)(representing Matthew Miller, Ph.D., M.P.H.) VALERIE PARADIZ, Ph.D., Autism Speaks 3 PRESENT (continued) GEORGINA PEACOCK, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.P., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) JENNY MAI PHAN, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison JOSEPH PIVEN, M.D., University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill JALYNN PRINCE, B.F.A., Madison House Autism Foundation LAUREN RAMOS, M.P.H., Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) SCOTT MICHAEL ROBERTSON, Ph.D., U.S. -
Accounting for the Preference for Literal Meanings in ASC
Accounting for the preference for literal meanings in ASC Abstract Impairments in pragmatic abilities, that is, difficulties with appropriate use and interpretation of language – in particular, non-literal uses of language – are considered a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Despite considerable research attention, these pragmatic difficulties are poorly understood. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate existing hypotheses regarding the literalism of ASC individuals, that is, their tendency for literal interpretations of non-literal communicative intentions, and link them to accounts of pragmatic development in neurotypical children. We present evidence that reveals a developmental stage at which neurotypical children also have a tendency for literal interpretations and provide a possible explanation for such behaviour, one that links it to other behavioural, rule-following, patterns typical of that age. We then discuss extant evidence that shows that strict adherence to rules is also a widespread feature in ASC, and suggest that literalism might be linked to such rule- following behaviour. 1. Introduction What a speaker means by an utterance typically goes beyond the literal meanings of the words and sentences she has used. A key assumption underlying contemporary theories of human communication is that appropriate use and interpretation of language involves pragmatics skills – that is, the inferential capacities that enable us to bridge the gap between linguistic (literal/conventional) meanings and speaker meanings in context (see, e.g., Carston, 2002; Sperber & Wilson, 1986/1995). Impairments in such pragmatic reasoning abilities, that is, difficulties with appropriate use and interpretation of language, are considered a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) (Tager-Flusberg, Paul, & Lord, 2005). -
Managing Affective-Learning Through Intelligent Atoms and Smart Interactions
Managing Affective-learning THrough Intelligent atoms and Smart InteractionS D8.2 Report on Autism Spectrum Case pilots Workpackage WP8 – Pilots in Education Annaleda Mazzucato, Alessandra Fratejacci (FMD) Editor(s): Gosia Kwiatkowska (RIX@UEL) Marisé Gálvez Trigo, Penny Standen (UoN) Maria A. Blanco, Ana Cabero, Javier Torres(JCYL) Elena Milli, Stefano Cobello (PE) Marco Traversi (LCS) Ana Piñuela Marcos (ATOS) David Brown, Mohammad Taheri, Matthew Belmonte, Tom Hughes- Roberts, Helen Boulton (NTU) Responsible Partner: Fondazione Mondo Digitale Quality Reviewers Mohammad Taheri (NTU), Stefano Cobello (PE) Status-Version: Final – v1.0 Due Date: 30/11/2017 Submission Date 20/12/2017 EC Distribution: PU Abstract: This deliverable reports on the preparation, execution and evaluation of the MaTHiSiS Autism Spectrum Case assisted pilot. Keywords: Assisted Pilots; Autism Spectrum Case, Learning Graph, Smart Learning Atom, Learning Materials. Related Deliverable(s) D2.1 Formation of stakeholder groups; D2.2 Full scenarios of all use cases; D2.5 Evaluation strategy; D3.3 The MaTHiSiS Learning Graphs, D8.1 Report on Autism Spectrum Case pilots This document is issued within the frame and for the purpose of the MATHISIS project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020-ICT-2015) under Grant Agreement No. 687772 D8.2 - Report on Autism Spectrum Case pilots Document History Version Date Change editors Changes 0.1 14/11/2017 Annaleda Mazzucato (FMD) Executive summary Introduction Case description and -
How Is Sex Related to Autism?
How is Sex Related to Autism? Meng-Chuan Lai Girton College University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 Preface The works in this dissertation were carried out at the Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge between October 2008 and August 2011, and was supported by funding from the Ministry of Education, Taiwan. Professor Simon Baron-Cohen acted as my primary supervisor and Professor John Suckling acted as co-supervisor. The dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except that the recruitment and testing of the male participants were carried out between July 2007 and November 2008 by the Medical Research Council Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (MRC AIMS) Consortium project. This dissertation is less than 60,000 words. Chapter 2 and parts of Chapter 1 are published in: Meng-Chuan Lai, Michael V. Lombardo, Greg Pasco, Amber N. V. Ruigrok, Sally J. Wheelwright, Susan A. Sadek, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, MRC AIMS Consortium and Simon Baron-Cohen. (2011). A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions. PLoS ONE 6(6):e20835. Chapter 6 Study 1 is published in: Meng-Chuan Lai, Michael V. Lombardo, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Susan A. Sadek, Greg Pasco, Sally J. Wheelwright, Edward T. Bullmore, Simon Baron-Cohen, MRC AIMS Consortium and John Suckling. (2010). A shift to randomness of brain oscillations in people with autism. Biological Psychiatry 68(12):1092-1099. i Chapter 3 is currently in preparation for publication as: Meng-Chuan Lai, Michael V. -
Using Connectivity to Explain Autism
Using Connectivity to Explain Autism J.H. Adamek, BSa; Y. Luo, BSa,b; J.B. Ewen, MDa,c aKennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA bBeihang University, Beijing, China cJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA The authors report no actual or apparent conflict of interest. A version of this chapter is intended to be published in the upcoming Springer Handbook of Neuroengineering, N.V. Thakor (ed.). SUMMARY The chapters in this Handbook reveal the breadth of brilliant imaging and analysis techniques designed to fulfill the mandate of cognitive neuroscience: to understand how anatomical structures and physiological processes in the brain cause typical and atypical behavior. Yet merely producing data from the latest imaging method is insufficient to truly achieve this goal. We also need a mental toolbox that contains methods of inference that allow us to derive true scientific explanation from these data. Causal inference is not easy in the human brain, where we are limited primarily to observational data and our methods of experimental perturbation in the service of causal explanation are limited. As a case study, we reverse engineer one of the most influential accounts of a neuropsychiatric disorder that is derived from observational imaging data: the connectivity theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We take readers through an approach of first considering all possible causal paths that are allowed by preliminary imaging- behavioral correlations. By progressively sharpening the specificity of the measures and brain/behavioral constructs, we iteratively chip away at this space of allowable causal paths, like the sculptor chipping away the excess marble to reveal the statue. -
NSF CAREER.Pdf
INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS/PROJECT DIRECTORS(PI/PD) and co-PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS/co-PROJECT DIRECTORS Submit only ONE copy of this form for each PI/PD and co-PI/PD identified on the proposal. The form(s) should be attached to the original proposal as specified in GPG Section II.B. Submission of this information is voluntary and is not a precondition of award. This information will not be disclosed to external peer reviewers. DO NOT INCLUDE THIS FORM WITH ANY OF THE OTHER COPIES OF YOUR PROPOSAL AS THIS MAY COMPROMISE THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE INFORMATION. PI/PD Name: Matthew K Belmonte Gender: Male Female Ethnicity: (Choose one response) Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino Race: American Indian or Alaska Native (Select one or more) Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander White Disability Status: Hearing Impairment (Select one or more) Visual Impairment Mobility/Orthopedic Impairment Other None Citizenship: (Choose one) U.S. Citizen Permanent Resident Other non-U.S. Citizen Check here if you do not wish to provide any or all of the above information (excluding PI/PD name): Pecase Eligibility: Y REQUIRED: Check here if you are currently serving (or have previously served) as a PI, co-PI or PD on any federally funded project Ethnicity Definition: Hispanic or Latino. A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Race Definitions: American Indian or Alaska Native. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. -
More Positive Autism Young Blogger Asks Age Old Question
It saddens me everyday to see that the ABA “advocates” want to make this a zero-sum game: either you’re an absolute ABA supporter or you “swim with the dolphins.” It should be extremely frightening to society at large to hear parents call their children useless, or to think that ABA and institutions are the only options for autistic people. It is even sadder when a Globe and Mail reporter doesn’t do her research to either get her facts right, or to get the very important other side of the story from autistic people and the many parents like me who just wants my son to go to school and be allowed to receive the accommodations he requires – whatever they may be at different points throughout his life. PERM ALINK POSTED BY ESTEE KLAR-WOLFOND AT 11/22/2006 11:33:00 PM 7 COM M ENTS LINKS TO THIS POST WEDNESDAY , NOVEM BER 15, 2006 More Positive Autism I'm about to go away for a few days and may not post to my blog. I find I'm at a loss for words these days, which is a sure sign I need to retreat, be alone, collect my thoughts. In the meantime, for Toronto viewers, I've posted a little more "positive autism," and I hope that people will figure out that no matter what level of "functioning" we can surely all learn from each other. It's like what Jonathan Lerman says, a man who at ten was still completely mute, who is learning to speak more and more today, going on nineteen years of age: "There's no such word as can't." And you don't have to be a Nobel Laureate either! Vernon Smith, Nobel Prize Winner & Autistic, PERM ALINK POSTED BY ESTEE KLAR-WOLFOND AT 11/15/2006 12:11:00 PM 6 COM M ENTS LINKS TO THIS POST THURSDAY , NOVEM BER 09, 2006 Young Blogger Asks Age Old Question To cure or not to cure, that is the question. -
E.A. Mccaffrey. Ph D Thesis. Incapacity and Theatricality Copy Including
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UC Research Repository i INCAPACITY AND THEATRICALITY: POLITICS AND AESTHETICS IN THEATRE INVOLVING ACTORS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theatre and Film Studies in the University of Canterbury by Edward Anthony McCaffrey University of Canterbury 2015 ii Abstract This thesis examines the relationship between people with intellectual disabilities and theatrical performance. This type of performance has emerged from marginalized origins in community arts and therapeutic practices in the 1960s to a place at the forefront of commercial and alternative theatre in the first two decades of the twenty first century. This form of theatre provokes an interrogation of agency, presence, the construction and performance of the self, and the ethics of participation and spectatorship that locates it at the centre of debates current in performance studies and performance philosophy. It is a form of theatre that fundamentally challenges how to assess the aesthetic values and political efficacies of theatrical performance. It offers possibilities for thinking about and exploring theatrical performance in a conceptual and practical space between incapacity and theatricality that looks toward new and different ecologies of meaning and praxis. The methodology of the thesis is a detailed analysis of the presence and participation of people with intellectual disabilities in specific performances that include a 1963 US film, a 1980 Australian documentary, the collaboration of Robert Wilson with autistic poet Christopher Knowles, and recent performances by Christoph Schlingensief, Back To Back Theatre and Jérôme Bel’s collaboration with Theater HORA. -
Atypical Neural Self-Representation in Autism
doi:10.1093/brain/awp306 Brain 2010: 133; 611–624 | 611 BRAIN A JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY Atypical neural self-representation in autism Michael V. Lombardo,1 Bhismadev Chakrabarti,1,2 Edward T. Bullmore,3 Susan A. Sadek,1 Greg Pasco,1 Sally J. Wheelwright,1 John Suckling,3 MRC AIMS Consortium* and Simon Baron-Cohen1 Downloaded from 1 Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2 Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Reading, UK 3 Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK *The members of the MRC AIMS Consortium are placed in the Appendix 1. http://brain.oxfordjournals.org Correspondence to: Michael V. Lombardo, Autism Research Centre, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK E-mail: [email protected] The ‘self’ is a complex multidimensional construct deeply embedded and in many ways defined by our relations with the social world. Individuals with autism are impaired in both self-referential and other-referential social cognitive processing. Atypical at University of Cambridge on June 24, 2010 neural representation of the self may be a key to understanding the nature of such impairments. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we scanned adult males with an autism spectrum condition and age and IQ-matched neurotypical males while they made reflective mentalizing or physical judgements about themselves or the British Queen. Neurotypical individuals preferentially recruit the middle cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to self compared with other-referential processing. In autism, ventromedial prefrontal cortex responded equally to self and other, while middle cingu- late cortex responded more to other-mentalizing than self-mentalizing. -
IMFAR 2007 Program Booklet & Abstracts
IMFAR INTERNATIONAL MEETING FOR AUTISM RESEARCH 6th Annual Meeting IMFAR May 3 - 5, 2007 Seattle, Washington IIMFAR IMFAR REGISTRATION WILL BE LOCATED IN THE GRAND BALLROOM FOYER. REGISTRATION OPEN WEDNESDAY 5-8 PM AND STARTING 7 AM THURSDAY IMFAR 2007 THURSDAY, MAY 3 FRIDAY, MAY 4 SATURDAY, MAY 5 7:30-8:15 Breakfast Grand Ballroom Foyer Breakfast Grand Ballroom Foyer Breakfast Grand Ballroom Foyer 8:00 Opening Comments: Geraldine Dawson 8:10 ADVOCACY GROUP INTRODUCTION ADVOCACY GROUP INTRODUCTION ADVOCACY GROUP INTRODUCTION Autism Society of America: Cathy Pratt Autism Speaks: Peter Bell and Mark Roithmayr Cure Autism Now: Jon Shestack and Portia Iversen 8:30-9:30 Introduction: Geraldine Dawson Introduction: Elizabeth Aylward Introduction: Susan Bookheimer Keynote Address: Anthony Bailey Keynote Address: Patricia Kuhl Keynote Address: Daniel Geschwind The Neuroscience of autism: Tackling Language learning and the 'Social Brain': Implications Tackling genetic heterogeneity in autism: complexity for children with autism An array of approaches Grand Ballroom ABC Grand Ballroom ABC Grand Ballroom ABC 9:30-9:50 Coffee Break Grand Ballroom Foyer Coffee Break Grand Ballroom Foyer Coffee Break Grand Ballroom Foyer 9:50- Invited Educational Symposia llroom D Invited Educational Symposia Invited Educational Symposia 11:45 Infants with autism: Can animal models lead Medical aspects of Genetic approaches to New approaches Adolescent and A world view of New approaches to to treatments for social Autism Spectrum autism: Complex methods for neuroimaging -
VOICELESS BODIES: FEMINISM, DISABILITY, POSTHUMANISM By
VOICELESS BODIES: FEMINISM, DISABILITY, POSTHUMANISM by Emily Clark A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2013 Date of final oral examination: November 28, 2012 This dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Susan Stanford Friedman, Professor of English and Gender and Women’s Studies Ellen Samuels, Assistant Professor of English and Gender and Women’s Studies Jon McKenzie, Associate Professor of English Lynn Keller, Professor of English Bernadette Baker, Professor of Curriculum and Instruction © Copyright by Emily Clark 2013 All Rights Reserved i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………….. ii Introduction…………………...………..…...………………………...………………….. 1 1. Voiceless Bodies………………………………………………………......…………. 27 2. Re-Reading Horror Stories: Maternity, Disability and Narrative in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child…………….. 74 3. Consuming Karen Carpenter…………...……………………..……………............. 108 4. J.M. Coetzee’s Female Authors and the Ethics of Speaking For…………...……… 142 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….. 175 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………… 182 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not exist without the intellectual and emotional support of many people. I am very grateful to my committee, and in particular my director, Susan Stanford Friedman, who challenged me to do my best by this project, better than I thought possible, and whose energy, thoughtfulness, and intellectual -
Copyright 2015 Claire Barber-Stetson
Copyright 2015 Claire Barber-Stetson AESTHETICS, POETICS, AND COGNITION: A NEW MINOR LITERATURE BY AUTISTS AND MODERNISTS BY CLAIRE BARBER-STETSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Joseph Valente, University at Buffalo, Chair Professor Vicki Mahaffey Associate Professor Samantha Frost Assistant Professor Andrew Gaedtke ii Abstract This dissertation begins by recognizing that many texts written at the end of the twentieth century by individuals with autism spectrum disorders share distinctive aesthetic and poetic characteristics with experimental modernist texts. Despite the literary significance ascribed to modernism, texts in both genres are still characterized in terms of lack—when literature by autists is analyzed at all. They are often treated as incoherent collections of juxtaposed fragments, which depict isolated protagonists struggling to unify their experience. This perspective is reminiscent of Uta Frith’s theory of weak central coherence, which pathologizes autists for the way that they process information. Frith’s theory and the critical maxim that modernist texts are “fragmented” are both revealed as ideologies that flatten the texts and people that they are used to analyze. They restrict the spatial relationships possible among these texts, the elements of which they are composed, and their environments. To reorient such discussions, this dissertation takes a methodological approach grounded in post-structuralism and disability studies. These theoretical areas equip readers to abandon claims of “incoherence” and instead chart multidimensional textual maps, which reveal ever more lines of flight.