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The Life and Times Of'asperger's Syndrome': a Bakhtinian Analysis Of
The life and times of ‘Asperger’s Syndrome’: A Bakhtinian analysis of discourses and identities in sociocultural context Kim Davies Bachelor of Education (Honours 1st Class) (UQ) Graduate Diploma of Teaching (Primary) (QUT) Bachelor of Social Work (UQ) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 The School of Education 1 Abstract This thesis is an examination of the sociocultural history of ‘Asperger’s Syndrome’ in a Global North context. I use Bakhtin’s theories (1919-21; 1922-24/1977-78; 1929a; 1929b; 1935; 1936-38; 1961; 1968; 1970; 1973), specifically of language and subjectivity, to analyse several different but interconnected cultural artefacts that relate to ‘Asperger’s Syndrome’ and exemplify its discursive construction at significant points in its history, dealt with chronologically. These sociocultural artefacts are various but include the transcript of a diagnostic interview which resulted in the diagnosis of a young boy with ‘Asperger’s Syndrome’; discussion board posts to an Asperger’s Syndrome community website; the carnivalistic treatment of ‘neurotypicality’ at the parodic website The Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical as well as media statements from the American Psychiatric Association in 2013 announcing the removal of Asperger’s Syndrome from the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5 (APA, 2013). One advantage of a Bakhtinian framework is that it ties the personal and the sociocultural together, as inextricable and necessarily co-constitutive. In this way, the various cultural artefacts are examined to shed light on ‘Asperger’s Syndrome’ at both personal and sociocultural levels, simultaneously. -
Gesnerus 2020-2.Indb
Gesnerus 77/2 (2020) 279–311, DOI: 10.24894/Gesn-de.2020.77012 Vom «autistischen Psychopathen» zum Autismusspektrum. Verhaltensdiagnostik und Persönlichkeitsbehauptung in der Geschichte des Autismus Rüdiger Graf Abstract Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Persönlichkeit und Verhalten in der Defi nition und Diagnostik des Autismus von Kanner und Asperger in den 1940er Jahren bis in die neueren Ausgaben des DSM und ICD. Dazu unter- scheidet er drei verschiedene epistemische Zugänge zum Autismus: ein exter- nes Wissen der dritten Person, das über Verhaltensbeobachtungen, Testver- fahren und Elterninterviews gewonnen wird; ein stärker praktisches Wissen der zweiten Person, das in der andauernden, alltäglichen Interaktion bei El- tern und Betreuer*innen entsteht, und schließlich das introspektive Wissen der ersten Person, d.h. der Autist*innen selbst. Dabei resultiert die Kerndif- ferenz in der Behandlung des Autismus daraus, ob man meint, die Persönlich- keit eines Menschen allein über die Beobachtung von Verhaltensweisen er- schließen zu können oder ob es sich um eine vorgängige Struktur handelt, die introspektiv zugänglich ist, Verhalten prägt und ihm Sinn verleihen kann. Die Entscheidung hierüber führt zu grundlegend anderen Positionierungen zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen, wie insbesondere zu Ole Ivar Lovaas’ Applied Behavior Analysis. Autismus; Psychiatriegeschichte; Wissensgeschichte; Verhaltenstherapie; Neurodiversität PD Dr. Rüdiger Graf, Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, Am Neuen Markt 1, 14467 Potsdam, [email protected]. Gesnerus 77 (2020) 279 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 01:45:02AM via free access «Autistic Psychopaths» and the Autism Spectrum. Diagnosing Behavior and Claiming Personhood in the History of Autism The article examines how understandings of personality and behavior have interacted in the defi nition and diagnostics of autism from Kanner and As- perger in the 1940s to the latest editions of DSM and ICD. -
HHS Announces Appointment of New Membership and New Chair for the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
For Immediate Release Contact: Office of Autism Research Coordination/NIH October 28, 2015 E-mail: [email protected] HHS Announces Appointment of New Membership and New Chair for the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) today announced the appointments of new and returning members to the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC), reauthorized under the Autism CARES Act. After an open call for nominations for members of the public to serve on the committee, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia M. Burwell, appointed this group of individuals to provide her with advice to advance research, strengthen services, and increase opportunities for people on the autism spectrum. The public member appointees include three adults on the autism spectrum, several family members of children and adults on the autism spectrum, clinicians, researchers, and leaders of national autism research, services, and advocacy organizations. Many of the appointed individuals serve dual roles, dedicating their professional careers to helping people on the autism spectrum because of their personal experiences with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The first meeting of the new committee will take place on November 17, 2015 in Rockville, Maryland. In addition to the new public members, the IACC will have a new chair when it reconvenes. Dr. Thomas Insel, who served as the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and as Chair of the committee for more than a decade, announced his planned departure for Google Life Sciences in at the end of October 2015. Dr. Bruce Cuthbert, who will become Acting Director of NIMH on November 1, has been appointed to serve as the IACC Chair over the next year. -
Editorial: Pride and Autism Spectrum Disorder
EDITORIAL: PRIDE AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER June 14, 2019 Tuesday June 18 is Autistic Pride Day and every April, thanks to National Autism Awareness Month, there’s a renewed sense of support for people living with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and those who’ve worked tirelessly to foster environments of inclusion and self-determination for all. Yet, when Autism Awareness Month comes to an end, so too does much of the focus on autism from the general public. As a society, we’ve made positive strides, but it’s important to remember that the conversations about acceptance, inclusion and support for people with ASD need to happen year-round. Today Autistic Pride Day is about celebrating differences in the autism community and realizing people’s infinite possibilities and potential. People with autism have hopes, dreams, aspirations, and a right to participate in the working world. Unfortunately, people with ASD are not afforded the same opportunities as the rest of us when it comes to employment. While the majority of Americans are enjoying a low unemployment rate and strong economy, the unemployment rate for adults with developmental disabilities remains high. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, only 29 percent of Americans ages 16 to 64 with a disability were employed as of June 2018, compared with nearly 75 percent of those without a disability. The unemployment rate for people with disabilities who are actively seeking work is 9.2 percent — more than twice as high as for those without a disability (4.2 percent). Employers’ lack of understanding and lasting stigmas are partly to blame for this discrepancy. -
Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
1 INTERAGENCY AUTISM COORDINATING COMMITTEE FULL COMMITTEE MEETING THURSDAY, July 22, 2021 The full Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) convened virtually, at 2:00 p.m., Joshua Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., Chair, presiding. PRESENT: JOSHUA GORDON, M.D., Ph.D., Chair, IACC, Director, National Institute of Mental Health, (NIMH) SUSAN DANIELS, Ph.D., Executive Secretary, IACC, Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC), NIMH COURTNEY FERRELL AKLIN, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health (NIH)(representing Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D.) MARIA MERCEDES AVILA, Ph.D., M.S.W., M.Ed. University of Vermont SKYE BASS, L.C.S.W., Indian Health Service (IHS) DIANA BIANCHI, M.D., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) SAMANTHA CRANE, J.D., Autistic Self Advocacy Network 2 PRESENT: (continued) AISHA DICKERSON, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University TIFFANY FARCHIONE, M.D., U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MARIA FRYER, M.S., U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) DAYANA GARCIA, M.Ed., Administration for Children and Families (ACF) DENA GASSNER, M.S.W., Adelphi University MORÉNIKE GIWA ONAIWU, M.A., Rice University ALYCIA HALLADAY, Ph.D., Autism Science Foundation CRAIG JOHNSON, B.A. Champions Foundation JENNIFER JOHNSON, Ed.D., Administration for Community Living (ACL) CINDY LAWLER, Ph.D., National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (representing Rick Woychik, Ph.D.) ALISON MARVIN, Ph.D., Social Security Administration (SSA) LINDSEY NEBEKER,B.A., Freelance Presenter/Trainer SCOTT PATTERSON, Ph.D., U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)(representing Matthew Miller, Ph.D., M.P.H.) VALERIE PARADIZ, Ph.D., Autism Speaks 3 PRESENT (continued) GEORGINA PEACOCK, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.P., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) JENNY MAI PHAN, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison JOSEPH PIVEN, M.D., University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill JALYNN PRINCE, B.F.A., Madison House Autism Foundation LAUREN RAMOS, M.P.H., Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) SCOTT MICHAEL ROBERTSON, Ph.D., U.S. -
CD LIST Title Save 7/9/2015 9:22:00 PM Print 7/9/2015 9:22:00 PM OPEN This on Your Computer
CD LIST Title SAve 7/9/2015 9:22:00 PM Print 7/9/2015 9:22:00 PM OPEN this on your computer. Place your cursor in the “X” Colum. Use the down arrow to move down the cell and place an “X” infront of the song you want played. Forward the file by attachment to [email protected] X TITLE ARTIST DISK TRACK Year BPM # 1 Nelly Oct01 16 #1 Nelly Top 40 #30 (Everything I Do) I Do It For You Bryan Adams MB02 17 91 066 (I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction Rolling Stones MB08 16 65 135 (I Wanna Take) Forever Tonight Cetera, Peter MB14 15 95 106 (I’ve Had) The Time Of My Life Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes MB11 01 87 109 (There’s Gotta Be) More To Life Staci Orrico July03 07 (This Is) Song for The Lonely Cher Jan02 6 (We’re Gonna) Rock Around The Clock Bill Haley and His Comets MB07 21 55 ’03 Bonnie & Clyde Jay-ZBeyonce Nov02 21 …On The Radio (Remember The Days) Nelly Furtado Feb02 8 1 Thing Amerie f./Eve May05 15 100 1,2 Step Ciara Feat. Missy Elliott Nov04 6 1,2,3,4, (Sumpin’ New) Coolio MB16 05 96 114 10 Out Of 10 Louchie Lou & Michie One Jan01 15 100 Years Five For Fighting Jan04 18 100% Pure Love (Radio Mix) Crystal Waters MB02 10 94 120 19-2000 Gorillaz Dec01 11 1979 Smashing Pumpkins MB18 05 1985 Bowling For Soup July04 16 21 Questions 50 Cent Rap # 6 21 Questions 50 Cent Rap 6 04 24 Jem MAR05 13 40 Kinds Of Sadness Ryan Cabrera Apr05 10 93 7 Days Craig David Nov01 5 8:15 To Nowhere Vicious Pink Retro Progressive 8th World Wonder Kimberley Lacke Jan04 12 99 Problems Jay-Z June04 7 Page 1 of 87 2 X TITLE ARTIST DISK TRACK Year BPM A Broken Living McBride, Martina A Dream El Debarge R & B #5 A Fine Romance Sax Melodies A Lifetime Better Than Ezra MAR05 7 A Little Bit Jessica Simpson Sept01 2 A Little Less Conversation Elvis Vs. -
Becoming Autistic: How Do Late Diagnosed Autistic People
Becoming Autistic: How do Late Diagnosed Autistic People Assigned Female at Birth Understand, Discuss and Create their Gender Identity through the Discourses of Autism? Emily Violet Maddox Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................................... -
Neurodiversity: Accepting Autistic Difference
Accepted version. Published in Learning Disability Practice, May 2013 | Volume 16 | Number 4, p. 32-37. Neurodiversity: accepting autistic difference Thomas Owren1 and Trude Stenhammer2 Abstract ‘Insider’ descriptions of living with autism in a world where most people are not autistic may at the same time inform and challenge a professional approach to what can be termed as ‘autistic behaviour’. This article draws on the perspectives of the ‘neurodiversity’ movement, people who themselves have diagnoses on the autistic spectrum but reject that autism is a disorder, choosing instead to fight for their right to be autistic. The authors include a case study to explore how such descriptions and perspectives can be applied to services supporting an autistic service user. They conclude that, regardless of whether autism is seen as a difference or a disorder, care staff providing services to autistic service users may need to examine their assumptions carefully if they are to avoid discriminatory practices. Introduction Autism, including Asperger syndrome, is generally perceived as a disorder. But over the past two decades, helped by the emergence of the internet (Sinclair 2010), autistic self-advocates have been cultivating the idea of autism as a neurological difference. Referring to this movement called the ‘autism rights’ or ‘neurodiversity’ movement, French researcher Brigitte Chamak writes: ‘If the disability movement is considered as the latest generation of social movements, the action of autistic persons can be viewed as the latest generation of the disability movements’ (Chamak 2008). British autism researcher Simon Baron-Cohen (2012) also commented in a recent talk that looking at the neurobiology of autism there is not much evidence for dysfunction, but a lot of evidence that people on the autistic spectrum are simply different. -
Why We Oppose Autism Speaks
Why We Oppose Autism Speaks Autism Speaks, despite its name, does not speak for autistic people. When polled, 98% of autistic adults oppose Autism Speaks –and there is a massive global movement by autistic people and allies to stop Autism Speaks. In fact, regardless of the many differences among autistic advocates about politics and advocacy, there is one view we pretty much ALL agree on: that Autism Speaks is a hate group. Some reasons: Autism Speaks has allocated hundreds of millions of dollars towards “eugenics” projects that may seek to prevent autistic people from being born. • Autism Speaks is a co-founder of the MSSNG project, a massive, far-reaching project to make a global database of 10,000+ autistic children’s DNA available for use by researchers throughout the world who can fill out a pop-up menu on their website to access it. • The DNA is extracted without the children’s permission. • It is done with the purpose of identifying “autism genes” that will then be used in prenatal testing. • If common genes are identified through this research, people will do prenatal testing and terminate pregnancies if they think there are “signs of autism”. • This project is active in Canada. Autism Speaks Canada has earmarked hundreds of thousands of dollars to its own arm of the project. A group of geneticists in Toronto has also been involved in collecting data for the database. • One of the project’s co-founders, Dr. James Watson, was fired from Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory for his racist remarks about African Americans, intelligence and using eugenics to find “a cure for stupid”. -
Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons a Thesis
Disablement, Diversity, Deviation: Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Sarah Gibbons 2016 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation brings disability studies and postcolonial studies into dialogue with discourse surrounding risk in the environmental humanities. The central question that it investigates is how critics can reframe and reinterpret existing threat registers to accept and celebrate disability and embodied difference without passively accepting the social policies that produce disabling conditions. It examines the literary and rhetorical strategies of contemporary cultural works that one, promote a disability politics that aims for greater recognition of how our environmental surroundings affect human health and ability, but also two, put forward a disability politics that objects to devaluing disabled bodies by stigmatizing them as unnatural. Some of the major works under discussion in this dissertation include Marie Clements’s Burning Vision (2003), Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People (2007), Gerardine Wurzburg’s Wretches & Jabberers (2010) and Corinne Duyvis’s On the Edge of Gone (2016). The first section of this dissertation focuses on disability, illness, industry, and environmental health to consider how critics can discuss disability and environmental health in conjunction without returning to a medical model in which the term ‘disability’ often designates how closely bodies visibly conform or deviate from definitions of the normal body. -
The Cerebral Subject and the Challenge of Neurodiversity
BioSocieties (2009), 4, 425–445 ª London School of Economics and Political Science doi:10.1017/S1745855209990287 The Cerebral Subject and the Challenge of Neurodiversity Francisco Ortega Institute for Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Saˇ o Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-900, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The neurodiversity movement has so far been dominated by autistic people who believe their condition is not a disease to be treated and, if possible, cured, but rather a human specificity (like sex or race) that must be equally respected. Autistic self-advocates largely oppose groups of parents of autistic children and professionals searching for a cure for autism. This article discusses the posi- tions of the pro-cure and anti-cure groups. It also addresses the emergence of autistic cultures and various issues concerning autistic identities. It shows how identity issues are frequently linked to a ‘neurological self-awareness’ and a rejection of psychological interpretations. It argues that the preference for cerebral explanations cannot be reduced to an aversion to psychoanalysis or psychological culture. Instead, such preference must be understood within the context of the dif- fusion of neuroscientific claims beyond the laboratory and their penetration in different domains of life in contemporary biomedicalized societies. Within this framework, neuroscientific theories, prac- tices, technologies and therapies are influencing the ways we think about ourselves and relate to others, favoring forms of neurological or cerebral subjectivation. The article shows how neuroscien- tific claims are taken up in the formation of identities, as well as social and community networks. -
Constructing Narratives and Identities in Auto/Biography About Autism
RELATIONAL REPRESENTATION: CONSTRUCTING NARRATIVES AND IDENTITIES IN AUTO/BIOGRAPHY ABOUT AUTISM by MONICA L. ORLANDO Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2015 2 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of Monica Orlando candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.* Committee Chair Kimberly Emmons Committee Member Michael Clune Committee Member William Siebenschuh Committee Member Jonathan Sadowsky Committee Member Joseph Valente Date of Defense March 3, 2015 * We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 3 Dedications and Thanks To my husband Joe, for his patience and support throughout this graduate school journey. To my family, especially my father, who is not here to see me finish, but has always been so proud of me. To Kim Emmons, my dissertation advisor and mentor, who has been a true joy to work with over the past several years. I am very fortunate to have been guided through this project by such a supportive and encouraging person. To the graduate students and faculty of the English department, who have made my experience at Case both educational and enjoyable. I am grateful for having shared the past five years with all of them. 4 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: Introduction Relationality and the Construction of Identity in Autism Life Writing ........................ 6 Chapter 2 Clara Claiborne Park’s The Siege and Exiting Nirvana: Shifting Conceptions of Autism and Authority ................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 3 Transformative Narratives: Double Voicing and Personhood in Collaborative Life Writing about Autism ..............................................................................................