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Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context UNITED NATTONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ÜRGANIZATION KAOW·ARSOM RüYAL ÄCADEMY OF ÜVERSEAS SCIENCES THE MAN AND BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME TROPICAL FORESTS IN A CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT Guest Editor: Morgan DE DAPPER Financially supported by UNESCO and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office 2005 UNlTED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ÜRGANIZATION KAOW·ARSOM ROYAL ACADEMY OF ÜVERSEAS SCIENCES THE MAN AND BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME International Symposium TROPICAL FORESTS IN A CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT Brussels, 8-9 November, 2004 Guest Editor: Morgan DE DAPPER Financially supported by UNESCO and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office 2005 ACADEMIE ROY ALE KONINKLIJKE ACADEMIE DES VOOR SCIENCES o'OUTRE-MER ÜVERZEESE WETENSCHAPPEN rue Defacqz 1 boîte 3 Defacqzstraat 1 bus 3 B-1000 Bruxelles (Belgique) B-1000 Brussel (België) Tél. 02.538.02.11 Tel. 02.538.02.11 Fax 02.539.23.53 Fax 02.539.23.53 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.kaowarsom.be Web: http ://www.kaowarsom.be ISBN 90-75652-37-2 D/2005/0149/l CONTENTS Foreword .................... 5 Official Opening D. DE LAME. - Welcome 9 W. ERDELEN. - Address 11 J. P. KoYo. - L'aménagement durable des forêts tropicales face à la multiplicité des fonctions attendues des arbres et des écosystè- mes forestiers. Le cas du Bassin du Congo . 19 P. MEITENS. - Contribution of Belgian Science to the Tropical Forests 39 State of the Art in the Continents Concerned J.-L. DOUCET. - African Rain Forests: Evolution and Threats 45 R. Puru &D. DoNOVAN. -Asia's Tropical Forests in a Changing Glo- bal Context: Can Expert-led Policy-making Cope with Change? . 61 M. PAOLEITI. - Biodiversity Management and Loss of Traditional Knowledge in the Largest Forest of the Amazon. Examples from Amazonas, Venezuela and Ecuador . 93 Governance s. MANKOTO & M. MALDAGUE. - Stratégie systémique appliquée à la gestion de la biodiversité. Cas de la Réserve de biosphère de Luki (RDC) . 115 J.-C. NGUINGUJRI. - Gouvernance des aires protégées dans le Bassin du Congo: principes et pratiques . 127 P. LIMAN. - Development of Conservation Areas. An Effort towards Biological Diversity Conservation in Indonesia . 139 P. BIGOMBE LOGO et al. - Forest Management Decentralization in Cameroon. Which Impact on Local Development? . 149 M. KHAN. - Governance in the Forestry Sector in the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Managing Forests - Is Deterioration Inexorable? . 175 4 T. TREFON & S. COGELS. - A Stakeholder Approach to Natural Resource Management in Peri-urban Central Africa . 197 Commercial Exploitation J.-J. LANDROT. - The Problem of Sustainable Forestry Management in Humid Tropical Forests. The African Example . 225 L. MATHOT & J.-L. DoUCET. - Wildlife Surveys in Rain Forest Con­ cessions in order to Identify Protected Areas . 24 1 Local Exploitation L. ARAGON. - Building Regional Capacity for Sustainable Use of Tropical Rainforest in Latin America: Experience and Challen- ges of the South-South Cooperation . 257 C. VERMEULEN & J.-L. DouCET. - Conservation and Sustainable Use of Non-Timber Forest Products in Favour of Local Communities within Integrated Forest Management in Central Africa . 267 J. C. MONSEMBULA et al. - Gestion de la faune sauvage et com- merce du gibier en Afrique centrale . 28 1 H. BEECKMAN et al. - Knowledge Generation on Tropical Forest Products : a Model from Nepal . 293 A. CissE et al. - Systèmes de croyances Niominka et gestion des ressources naturelles de mangrove . 307 A. VERHEYDEN et al. - Potential of High-resolution Wood Anatomy and Stable Isotope Measurements for Tropical Dendrochronol- ogy: a Case Study on a Kenyan Mangrove Tree Species . 333 Round Table M. DE DAPPER. - Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context. Round Table Conclusions . 349 Foreword This volume brings together the papers presented at the International Symposium "Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context" which took place at the Palais des Académies in Brussels in November 2004. The present publication is in the continuation of the proceedings of three workshops and of a common session of the three Sections of the Academy "Tropical Forests. A State of the Art at the Turn of the Century" which carne out in 2004 (under the editorship of Prof. Dr M. De Dapper). We are most grateful to UNESCO for its highly appreciated collaboration in the framework of the Memorandum of Understanding. We particularly thank Dr S. Mankoto for his valuable organizational support. We express our sincere thanks towards the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for the sponsoring. We are indebted to the speakers, many of whom originating from over­ seas, for their important contribution. Prof. Dr Y ola VERHASSEL T Permanent Secretary Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences Official Opening International Symposium Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Brussels, 8-9 November, 2004 pp. 9-IO. Welcome by Danielle DE LAME* It is a great privilege for me to welcome you at the International Sympo­ sium "Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context", jointly organized by UNESCO and the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences. This two-day colloquium is the third materialization of the Memorandum of Understanding that was signed between UNESCO and our Academy in 1994. The first joint activity was a two-day seminar on "Science and Devel­ opment: Prospects for the 21st Century", which took place in December 1998. The proceedings were published in 1999. In 2001, a second international con­ ference was held jointly with UNESCO on "Science and Tradition: Roots and Wings for Development", the proceedings of which carne out in 2002. The recent awarding of the Nobel Prize for Peace to Professor Wangari Mathai from Kenya has highlighted a global concern for forest conservation. This awarding is also an incentive to personal entrepreneurship in the South, and especially to endeavours meant to promote solidarity in the pursuit of common good at a global level. As a prelude to the present symposium, the Commission "Environment and Development" (chaired by Prof. Morgan De Dapper) of the Academy had organized three workshops whose main purpose was to emphasize dif­ ferent aspects of the state of the art of the tropical forests: the first work­ shop's topic was "Monitoring the Evolution of the Tropical Forest Area" (27 May 2002), the second one dealt with "Sustainable Management of the Tropical Forest" (17 September 2002), and the third one focused on "Trop­ ical Forest and Industrial Society" (19 March 2003). Being conscious of the increasingly deteriorating situation of tropical forests worldwide, and that most of them are located in developing countries, • President of the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences, rue Defacqz 1/3, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium). 10 the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences and UNESCO have decided to restore the weak:ened public concern forthe fate of tropical forests. This is the main purpose of the present symposium during which the following themes will be highlighted: Govemance, Commercial Exploitation, Local Exploita­ tion. We are particularly pleased to see so many scholars fromoverseas present at this symposium. On behalf of the Academy, 1 would like to express my gratitude towards UNESCO for the co-organization and sponsoring and towards the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for the financial support. International Symposium Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Brussels, 8-9 November, 2004 pp. 11-18. Address* by ** w alter ERDELEN Madam Chairperson, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I regret that I cannot participate in this important meeting to deliver this message in the context of the official opening of the International Sympo­ sium on "Tropical Forests in a Changing Global Context", jointly organized by the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences and UNESCO, with the finan­ cial support of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. I have however requested my colleague Samy Mankoto, whom you know very well, to deliver this message on my behalf. 1. Introduction In fact, history is repeating itself: it has been three years, in the scope of the Memorandum of Understanding which was signed on 15 December 1994 between UNESCO and the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences, since I had the pleasure to return to Brussels for the International Confer­ ence on "Science and Tradition: Roots and Wings for Development" in 2001, where I gave a speech for the opening session, in the name of my organization, just like today. But before then, it was the Director-General of UNESCO who led the UNESCO delegation at the International Symposium on "Science and Development: Prospects for the 21st Century" in 1998 and was one of the keynote speakers at this scientific meeting. • Address delivered by Samy Mankoto Ma Mbaelele, Programme Specialist, Division of Ecological Sciences, UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, F-75732 Paris Cédex 15 (France). •• Assistant Director-Genera! for Natura! Sciences, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 1, rue Miollis, F-75732 Paris Cédex 15 (France). 12 Conscious of the rapidly deteriorating situation of the tropical forests worldwide, most of which are situated in developing countries, the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences and UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme have decided to jointly reanimate the weakened public concern for the fate
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