Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia (The Russian Far East, Yakutia, Siberia, Transbaikalia, Northern China, Mongolia, South Korea, and Japan)

Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-1

Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia Edited by Warren J. Nokleberg U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1765

Appendix C

Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia (the Russian Far East, Yakutia, Siberia, Transbaikalia, Northern China, Mongolia, South Korea, and Japan)

By Sergey M. Rodionov1, Alexander A. Obolenskiy2, Elimir G. Distanov2, Gombosuren Badarch3, Gunchin Dejidmaa4, Duk Hwan Hwang5, Alexander I. Khanchuk6, Masatsugu Ogasawara7, Warren J. Nokleberg8, Leonid M. Parfenov9, Andrei V. Prokopiev9, Zhan V. Seminskiy10, Alexander P. Smelov9, Hongquan Yan11, Yuriy V. V. Davydov 9, Valeriy Yu. Fridovskiy12, Gennandiy N. Gamyanin9, Ochir Gerel13, Alexei V. Kostin9, Sergey A. Letunov14, Xujun Li11, Valeriy M. Nikitin12, Vladimir V. Ratkin6, Vladimir I. Shpikerman15, Sadahisa Sudo7, Vitaly I. Sotnikov2, Alexander V. Spiridonov14, Vitaly A. Stepanov16, Fengyue Sun11, Jiapeng Sun11, Weizhi Sun11, Valeriy M. Supletsov9, Vladimir F. Timofeev9, Oleg A. Tyan9, Valeriy G. Vetluzhskikh9, Koji Wakita7, Yakov V. Yakovlev9, and Lydia M. Zorina14

1 Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk. 2 Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar. 3 Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. 4 Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Taejon. 5 Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. 6 Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk. 7 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif. 8 Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, Tsukuba. 9 Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk. 10 Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China. 11 Jilin University, Changchun. 12 Yakutian State University, Yakutsk. 13 Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar. 14 Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk. 15 Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan. 16 Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveschensk. C-2 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite- hypersthene and garnet-magnetite hypersthene layers. pyroxene and magnetite-pyroxene-plagioclase schist, which which the banded iron formation deposits consist of magnetite and hypersthene-magnetite quartzite occur in the outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar quartzite interlayered with garnet- and sillimanite-bearing schist Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two- pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with banded iron formation deposits occur in the belt. (1) Magnetite-hypersthene and magnetite-pyroxene gneiss interlayered with amphibole- Some deposits (Kitoy group and the Baikalskoye deposit) are hosted in Archean sequences; others (Onot group – Sosnovy Baits deposits) are Proterozoic age. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits are interpreted as having

formed in a volcanic and sedimentation basin along an unstable proto-continental margin, or in a fragment of Archean craton. Au deposits are interpreted as having formed during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Host greenstone belt in the Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) area is interpreted as having formed in an active Anshan-Benxi and Jiapigou areas are interpreted as having formed in oceanic rifts along a continental margin. Au deposits are interpreted as having formed during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. continental margin whereasthe greenstone belts in the Archean. Gneiss in the Sutam block has isotopic age of 2.5-3.0 Ga. Age range for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5-2.6 Ga., 1.7-1.8 Ga., or younger. ages of 2.42-3.12 Ga. Sedimentary rocks in the Onot terrane are Paleoproterozoic. isotopic age greater than 3,500 Ma. Proterozoic or younger age Late Archean. Metamorphic age Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb-Sr of the Anshan Group hosting the banded iron formation deposits is 2.5-2.6 Ga. Isotopic age of the banded iron formation deposits units is probably older than 2.8 trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Ga. U-Pb zircon isotopic age for Archean. Sharyzhalgay series has U-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd isotopic

deposits adapted from Ariunbileg and others (2003)] deposits adapted from Major Metallogenic Belts- Archean (> 2.5 Ga) Central Aldan superterrane (included in the North Asian craton). Unit or structure related to origin of belt Liaoning-East Shandong terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (tonalite-trondhjemite gneiss, included in the North Asian craton) and Liaoning-Hebei-Shanxi granulite-orthogneiss terrane. Sino-Korean craton, Jilin- Onot granite-greenstone terrane, derived from the North Asian craton). Russia, southern Yakutia

Country, region Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (East Sayan) Northeastern China Northern China Sino-Korean craton - West Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) Mineral deposit types (major deposits) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation; Talc (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Shuichang, Sijiaying); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu)

Sutam (ST) Name (symbol) Jidong Liaoji Sharizhalgai skiy (LJ) (JD) (SH) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia (the Russian Far East, Yakutia, Siberia, Transbaikalia, Northern China, Mongolia, South Korea, and Japan). and Korea, South Mongolia, China, Northern Transbaikalia, Siberia, Yakutia, East, Far Russian (the Asia Northeast in Belts Metallogenic Major of Summary C. Appendix detailed descriptions of metallogenic belts in Nokleberg and others (2004), Adapted from north to south. from west to east, progressing listed from each time span, metallogenic belts are [Note: For Rodionov and others (2004), Naumova (2006); detailed descriptions of major Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-3 Banded iron formation deposits are hosted in Paleoproterozoic gneiss, amphibolite, schist, marble and quartzite derived from a volcanic and clastic sedimentary rock basin. Host rocks are intruded by Bombogor intrusive complex that is interpreted as a continental margin arc. formed in a non-mature to mature island arc. Wutai greenstone belt and containedbanded iron formation deposits deposits are interpreted as having layers and lenses in metabasalt and amphibolite, and local siliceous metavolcanic rock and schist. several mineral deposit types. rock. Shear zones formed during amalgamation of terranes or during later tectonic events. Banded iron formation deposits (magnetite quartzite) formstratiform Belt is interpreted as having formed in a passive continental margin, possibly as part of the Paleoproterozoic East Shandong-East Liaoning-East Jilin rift. Environment of formation and deposit controls are debated. Metallogenic belt is composite and includes Belt is interpreted as having formed in a back-arc basin and (or) island arc. Au occurrences are mainly in shear zones cutting metabasalt, amphibolite, and ultramafic Bombogor intrusive Complex gneiss in the Baydrag metamorphic complex, and 2.4 Ga for charnokite in the Archean. Isotopic ages of >2.5 from 2.65-2.8 Ga for tonalite Ga. Pb-Pb zircon isochron ages range Paleoproterozoic. K-Ar phlogopite isotopic age for skarn is 1,900 Ma. U-Pb isochron and Proterozoic Liaohe group has isotopic age of 1.8 Ga. Archean through Paleoproterozoic. Metavolcanic and sedimentary rocks interlayered withbanded iron formation deposits have isotopic ages of 2.7-3.2 Ga. Age of Au occurrences is Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic. Late Paleoproterozoic. Metamorphism and intense deformation occurred at 1.9 Ga. Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao Formation is with isotopic age of 1.7-1.5 Ga. Marble in the

3 terrane (Granulite- orthogneiss) Liaoning-Hebei-Shanxi (part of the Tuva- Mongolia superterrane). East Shandong-East Liaoning-East Jilin rift basin overlying the Sino- Korean craton. West Aldan terrane (included in the North Asian craton). Major Metallogenic Belts, Paleoproterozoic (2.5-1.6Ga) Northern China Sino-Korean craton - West Central Mongolia Baydrag cratonal terrane Northeastern China Russia, southern Yakutia Banded iron formation (Baizhiyan) (Baydragiin Gol) Banded iron formation (Charskoye, Tarynnakh, Nelyuki, Dagda, Sulumatskoye, Severnoye and Yuzhnoye NizhneSakukan, Sakukannyrskoye and Oleng- Turritakhskoye); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Lemochi, Olondo) Banded iron formation Sedimentary-metamorphic borate (Wengquangou); Sedimentary-metamorphic magnesite (Xiafangshen); Talc (magnesite) replacement (Fanjiapuzi); Banded iron formation (Dalizi); Korean Pb- Zn massive sulfide (Qingchengzi); Metamorphic graphite (Nanshu); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Baiyunshan, Nancha)

Wutai (WT) (WA) West Aldan Baydrag (BD) Jiliaojiao (JLJ) C-4 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - -

. as

rtzite consist age in the East includes as having long an - arc basin stratiform st facies. - ive

marble and

as having thers (Onot ,

as having fragment of bearing schist back - with amphibole mainly in shear intruded by . Banded iron in a banded iron Baikalskoye as having formed in an act hosted in in a in a passive are

are plagioclase schist, lite, and ultramafic are interpreted - East Liaoning e the - are interpreted are

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - interpreted magnetite quartzite occur is composite and

- are interpreted the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) are pyroxen and sillimanite - magnetite hypersthene layers. - -

banded iron formation deposits Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted as having formed (magnetite quartzite) form deposits anded iron formation deposits as having formed as having formed

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic c. Au occurrences mature to mature island arc. - continental margin, or etallogenic belt in oceanic rifts along a continental - M belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a non pyroxene gneiss - Benxi and Jiapigou areas iron formation deposits Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist in a –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the entary rock basin. Host rocks s and lenses in metabasalt and amphibolite, and is interpreted is veral mineral deposit types. eposit) are ones cutting metabasalt, amphibo between the Tynda composite terrane andthe Central Aldan and East Aldan superterranes. The reason for collision is unclear. Au shear zone deposits cut metamorphosed mafic and utramafic bodies and plutonic rocks. Banded iron formation deposits are hosted in marine volcaniclastic and clastic sedimentary rocks with minor conglomerate that are metamorphosed to amphibolite and greenschist facies. Belt is interpreted as having formed in a passive continental margin or aulacogen that was subsequently regionally metamorphosed and thrusted.

carbonate-quartz ores in a carbonatite in asymmetric stocks. Banded iron formation deposits iron and shear zone Au deposits are interpreted as having formed in a Paleoproterozoic Hutuo Basin that was superposed on the Archean Northern Chinacraton. A composite carbonate, and martite-apatite-carbonate and apatite- metallogenic belt that includes several mineral deposit types. Carbonatite is interpreted as having formed during interplate rifting. Deposits consist of apatite-carbonate, apatite-quartz-carbonate, martite-apatite-quartz- of orogenic belt. Cause of collision was amalgamation of terranes during the formation of theNorth Asia craton. Au deposits occur in hear zones that cut metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic and plutonic rock. Aldan-Stanovoy region and during subsequent collapse between the Tynda and West Aldan terranes in the interpreted as having formed during later collision and formation of anatectic granite. Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite deposits are Cu and PGE deposits in zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons and Cu in the sedimentary rocks are interpreted as having formed along a passive continental-margin rift. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted and (or) island ar z rock. Shear zones formed during amalgamation of terranes or during later tectonic events formation deposits layer local siliceous metavolcanic rock and schist. Wutai greenstone belt and contained formation deposits formed Banded Paleoproterozoic gneiss, amphibolite, schist quartzite derived from a volcanic and clastic sedim Bombogor intrusive complex that is interpreted as a continental margin arc. Belt continental margin, possibly as part of the Paleoproterozoic East Shandong Jilin rift. Environment of formation and deposit controls are debated. se

the 3.0 .8

- 00 2.4 age 2.5 the Sr -

Onot 2.6 Ga., - )

Sutam

Ar es of > - in the in the have isotopic G in the Nd isotopic banded iron 1.0 Ga

in the - 8

- a for tonalite Pb isochron and ohe group has ic. Metavolcanic Metamorphic age -

. isochron ages range 3.12 Ga. Baydrag - .8 G 3.2 Ga. Age of Au Isotopic age of - 2 Sr, Sm - a. - a. Marble through hean probably older than 2 G c G

Pb zircon isotopic age for in the zircon .65 an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar .5 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 1

Pb - - - . for charnokite Pb, Rb - a. U - neiss .7 Paleoproterozoic. Paleoproterozoic (about 2.0 Ga). Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision isotopic age of 2.23 Ga. U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 2.37 Ga. Early Paleoproterozoic. Pb-Pb Paleoproterozoic. Carbonatite pluton with isotopic age of 1.9 Ga. Paleoproterozoic (about 2.0 Ga) Belt is interpreted as having formed during the collision Paleoproterozoic.Age of Cu sandstone in the Udokan deposit is 2.2-1.8 Ga. Ta, Nb, REE alkaline metasomatite deposits have an isotopic age of 2.0-1.6 Ga. Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Archean Paleoproterozo and sedimentary rocks interlayered with formation deposits ages of 2.7 occurrences is Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Isotopic ag Ga Paleoproterozoic. K phlogopite isotopic age for skarn is 1,900 Ma. U Pb from 2 g metamorphic complex, and Ga Bombogor intrusive Complex Late Paleoproterozoic. Metamorphism and intense deformation occurred at 1.9 Ga. Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao Formation is with isotopic age of 1 Proterozoic Lia isotopic age of 1. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

. 4 3 in ). )

d West West

- - . , Jilin Sino

) and ) - in the - Shanxi craton Shanxi

the - - East -

include craton craton greenstone . craton craton craton - )

Tuva in the North Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss Hebei East Jilin rift rlying trondhjemite - - cratonal terrane - - - - derived from the the craton craton Asian

granite Korean Korean Korean - - - alite t of included par Major Metallogenic Belts Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian West Aldan terrane ( Asian Sino Liaoning terrane (Granulite orthogneiss) Baydrag ( Mongolia superterrane East Shandong Liaoning basin ove Korean terrane. Liaoning-Hebei-Shanxi tectonic melange zone (included in the North Asian craton). Veins in the Tyrkanda foreland basin Central Aldan superterrane (includedin the North Asian craton). melange zone (included in the North Asian craton). Veins in the Kalar tectonic West Aldan terrane (included in the North Asian craton). Major Metallogenic Belts, Paleoproterozoic (2.5-1.6Ga) Major Metallogenic Belts, Mesoproterozoic (1.6

hern southern

Siberia

Country, region Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Russia, southern Yakutia Northern China Central Mongolia Northeastern China Northern China Sino-Korean craton -West Russia, southern Yakutia Northern China Hutuo rift basin or Yakutia Russia, southern Yakutia Russia, southern Yakutia

- - Talc

Au in

; Talc

Cu n - umatskoye, Korean Pb

- Au in shear

acement

Banded iron metamorphic metamorphic

formation

- -

sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Banded iron formation (Charskoye, Tarynnakh, Nelyuki, Dagda, Sul Severnoye and Yuzhnoye NizhneSakukan, Sakukannyrskoye and Oleng Turritakhskoye); zone and quartz vein (Lemochi, Olondo) Banded iron formation (Baizhiyan) Banded iron formatio (Baydragiin Gol) Sedimentary borate (Wengquangou); Sedimentary magnesite (Xiafangshen); (magnesite) repl (Fanjiapuzi); formation (Dalizi); Zn massive sulfide (Qingchengzi); Metamorphic graphite (Nanshu); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Baiyunshan, Nancha) Ingamakit, Sakinskoye, Sulbanskoye, Katuginskoye) Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cu- alkaline metasomatite (Pravo- PGE (Chineyskoye;); Sediment-hosted Cu (Udokanskoye); Ta-Nb-REE (Qinglonghe) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Kolchedannyi Utyos) Banded iron formation (Zhalanzhangzhi); Clastic- sediment-hosted Sb-Au Apatite carbonatite (Seligdar) Russia, southern Banded iron formation (Yuanjiachun); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Hulishan) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Ledyanoe, Namark, Pravokabaktanskoe)

Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) West Aldan (WA) Wutai (WT) Baydrag (BD) Jiliaojiao (JLJ) Uguy- Udokanskiy (UU) Tyrkanda- Stanovoy (TS) Qinglong (QL) Nimnyr (NM) (LL) Luliangshan Kalar- Stanovoy (KS) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-5

- as - Central carbonate, apatite in the are - during margin rift. in marine the - as having aulacogen that in a quartz - North Asia ultramafic plutons - interpreted during the collision during collision . A composite deposits apatite - are iron and shear zone Au carbonate and

- . craton during later collision and hear zones that cut having formed y metamorphosed and carbonatite in asymmetric in elt is interpreted as having formed deposits are hosted B apatite - in a as having formed as having formed mafic and utramafic bodies and plutonic along a passive continental carbonate, martite - Tynda and West Aldan terranes interpreted is interpreted as

as having formed quartz ores - the are iron formation deposits . quartz REE alkaline metasomatite in a passive continental margin or Stanovoy region and during subsequent collapse

- - . Au deposits occur -

Nb and PGE deposits in zoned mafic - during magmatic and hydrothermal activity in the middle and late Paleozoic. Belt is interpreted as having formed in a shallow marine basin on the Sino-Korean craton. Initial gold depositionoccurred during sedimentation and later metamorphism and hydrothermal activity. Subsequent Neoproterozoicpostcollisional magmatic and hydrothermal activity formed economic deposits. Subsequent deposition of Au-Ag sulfosalt deposits terrane. Bayan Obo deposit is interpreted as a SEDEX deposit related to a carbonatite magma and associated hydrothermal activity. Belt is hosted in a Mesoproterozoic overlap sedimentary assemblages that formed in a rift along the passive continental margin of the Sino-Korean craton. Riphean accretion of terrane with Muya metamorphic terrane and Olokit-Delunuran continental-margin rift Various deposits in the belt are interpreted as having formed in the Baikal-Muya island arc or during Belt is interpreted as having formed during bauxite sedimentation in a Lower to Middle Riphean sedimentary basin along a passive continental margin. Belt is interpreted as having formed during pre- orogenic subsidence of the North Asiancraton margin in a back-arc (interland) sedimentary basin. e Archean Northern China anded iron formation Belt is interpreted between Aldan of orogenic belt. Cause of collision was amalgamation of terranes during the formation of the craton metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic and plutonic rock. Banded deposits Paleoproterozoic Hutuo Basin that was superposed on th metallogenic belt that includes several mineral deposit types. Carbonatite interplate rifting. Deposits consist of apatite apatite carbonate, and martite carbonate stocks. B volcaniclastic and clastic sedimentary rocks with minor conglomerate that are metamorphosed to amphibolite and greenschist facies. formed was subsequently regionall thrusted Belt is interpreted between the Tynda composite terrane and Aldan and East Aldan superterranes. The reason for collision is unclear. Au shear zone deposits cut metamorphosed rocks. Cu and Cu in the sedimentary rocks having formed Ta interpreted formation of anatectic granite

) a a). a. .9 Pb 1.6 Pb - - - Cu 7 G 3 . U 2.0 a of G Age of

23 . age Udokan deposit . oic. Carbonatite in the 1.8 Ga. Ta, Nb, REE - eoproterozoic (about 2.0 G . . a Pal Early Paleoproterozoic. Pb isotopic age of 2 zircon isotopic age of 2. Paleoproteroz pluton with isotopic age of 1 G Paleoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic (about 2.0 G Paleoproterozoic. sandstone is 2.2 alkaline metasomatite deposits have an isotopic Ga Group is 1.4-1.1 Ga. Mesoproterozoic. Age of the Jixian Carboniferous. Age of gold from the Sukhoy Log deposit is about 320 Ma. carbonates and aeschynite are 474- 402 Ma. Belt formation started in the Neoproterozoic with subsequent enrichment in the Devonian to Early ages for monazite, bastnaesite, and riebeckite are 1.2-1.3 Ga. Th-Pb and Sm-Nd ages of Ba-REE-F Neoproterozoic. Mesoproterozoic. Sm-Nd isochron Mesoproterozoic. Upper Riphean.

in . . 4 5 in ) ) West -

Shanxi craton craton North

. . craton Kalar tectonic Tyrkanda ) ) in the North Hebei in the -

. craton craton in the in the nd basin Korean - North Asian Veins melange zone (included the Hutuo rift basin or forela Central Aldan superterrane (included the North Asian Sino Liaoning terrane Veins tectonic melange zone (included Asian West Aldan terrane (included Asian Jixian Group - sedimentary cover on Sino-Korea craton. North Asian craton margin, Patom fold and thrust belt. Layers in the Zhangbei- Korean craton. craton-margin rift terrane. Bayan Obo-Langshan rift- related metasedimentary and metavolcanic units deposited on the Sino- and Olokit-Delunuran North Asian craton margin, East Angara fold and thrust belt. (part of the Tuva- Mongolia superterrane). terrane (part of the Circum-Siberia collage), and Muya metamorphic terrane (part of the Tuva- Mongolia superterrane), Baikal-Muya island arc Major Metallogenic Belts, Mesoproterozoic (1.6-1.0 Ga) Major Metallogenic Belts, Neoproterozoic(1,000-540 Ma)

Northern and Northeastern China Russia, Northern Transbaikalia China Northwestern and North-Central Russia, eastern Siberia (Yenisei Ridge) Mongolia Baydrag cratonal terrane Russia, Northern Transbaikalia Russia, southern Yakutia Northern China Russia, southern Yakutia Northern China Russia, southern Yakutia Russia, souther Yakutia

- Cu REE Pravo -

Nb - - Clastic

a Au in shear ultramafic

hosted Cu hosted Sb - Cu); Polymetallic (Pb, - ± (Wafangzi); Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) (Gaobanhe) Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Au in black shale (Sukhoy Log, Vysochaishi, Dogaldynskoye) Obo) REE-Fe-Nb deposits (Bayan metasomatite; Serpentinite- Sedimentary bauxite (Alag Uul); Sedimentary Fe-V Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) (Huogeqi); Polygenic Sedimentary hematite Fe (Nizhne-Angarskoye); Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted hosted asbestos (Kholodninskoye, Lugovoye, Molodezhnoye) Volcanogenic-hydrothermal- sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn ( Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Ledyanoe, Namark, Pravokabaktanskoe) Banded iron formation (Yuanjiachun); zone and quartz vein (Hulishan) Apatite carbonatite (Seligdar) Banded iron formation (Zhalanzhangzhi); sediment (Qinglonghe) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Kolchedannyi Utyos) Zoned mafic PGE (Chineyskoye;); Sediment (Udokanskoye); T alkaline metasomatite ( Ingamakit, Sakinskoye, Sulbanskoye, Katuginskoye)

- -

Yanliao (YL) Bodaibin- skiy (BO) (LB) Darvi (DR) Langshan- Bayan Obo Angara-Pit (AP) Baikalo- Muiskiy (BM) Kalar Stanovoy (KS) Luliangshan (LL) Nimnyr (NM) Qinglong (QL) Tyrkanda Stanovoy (TS) Uguy Udokanskiy (UU) C-6 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

. - as margin

rtzite consist age in the as having long an

in the

st facies. as having magmatic ive margin rift as having - thers (Onot

craton . fragment of ring bauxite bearing schist - with amphibole in a du in a shallow during pre in a

Baikalskoye . craton sulfosalt deposits as having formed in an act

plagioclase schist, during sedimentation interpreted are interpreted - e the continental Ag are interpreted

hypersthene and hosted

- greenstone belts - postcollisional are magnetite quartzite occur craton is - are interpreted

Au Korean the interlayered - Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) belt occurred of pyroxen and sillimanite interpreted as a SEDEX deposit - Muya island arc or during magnetite hypersthene layers. - - - banded iron formation deposits is Archean sequences; o Korean Delunuran Lower to Middle Riphean - in the as having formed as having formed as having formed are interpreted -

sition in the as having formed anded iron formation deposits Baits deposits) are Proterozoic a rift along the passive continental Baikal in a continental margin, or depo in oceanic rifts along a continental - belt. (1) Magnetite arc (interland) sedimentary basin. hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a - pyroxene gneiss

- . Benxi and Jiapigou areas Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist ous deposits –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is Belt is interpreted sedimentation sedimentary basin along a passive continental margin. Bayan Obo deposit related to a carbonatite magma and associated hydrothermal activity. Belt Mesoproterozoic overlap sedimentary assemblages that formed in margin of the Sino Belt is interpreted marine basin on the Sino Belt is interpreted orogenic subsidence of the North Asian in a back Vari formed in the Riphean accretion of terrane with Muya metamorphic terrane and Olokit terrane Initial gold deposition and later metamorphism and hydrothermal activity. Subsequent Neoproterozoic and hydrothermal activity formed economic deposits. Subsequent during magmatic and hydrothermal activity middle and late Paleozoic. continental shelf. Mashan and the Xingdong groups that were deposited in a shallow sea and isolated oceanic basin and lagoon. collisional development of the late Riphean continental margin of the North Asiancraton. Gold initially forming in black shale was subsequently concentrated and remobilized during collision-related metamorphism, granitoid intrusion, and hydrothermal activity. sedimentation in a carbonate-dominated basin along a derived from Al-rich mudstone and carbonates of the Belt is interpreted as having formed on passive margin of the North Asian craton in the Vendian. Economic deposits occur in areas of facial thinning of dolomite. Gold deposits are interpreted as having formed during Belt is hosted in metamorphic, oceanic, subduction zone, and tonalite-trondhjemite-gneiss terranes that underwent Cambrian through Silurian metamorphism, hydrothermal alternation, and plutonic intrusion. Deposits formed in multiple events. Metallogenic belt is a composite that includes several mineral deposit types. eposit) are Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet - the and is

Pb and the 3.0 Jixian .8 -

- 00 age the Sr - the Onot 2.6 Ga., the F - - a. Th Sutam Nd isochron -

in the REE a. - Devonian to Early 1.3 G Nd isotopic

- in the - G .

Ba Metamorphic age .1

. 1 3.12 Ga. - - in the Isotopic age of .4 are 1.2 Sr, Sm a. - hean

probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar Nd ages of

1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6

- - - khoy Log deposit is about 320 Pb, Rb a. U - Mesoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic. Sm ages for monazite, bastnaesite, riebeckite Sm carbonates and aeschynite are 474 402 Ma. Mesoproterozoic. Age of Group is 1 Upper Riphean. Neoproterozoic. Belt formation started in Neoproterozoic with subsequent enrichment Carboniferous. Age of gold from Su Ma. Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Vendian. Vendian and Early Cambrian. Belt is interpreted as having formed during Neoproterozoic through Cambrian. Belt is part of a khondalite that is interpreted as age for late-stage hydromica metasomatites in the Sb-Au deposit age for the Tatarsk granitoid is 601 Ma. Late Neoproterozoic. K-Ar isotopic is 605 Ma-664 Ma. Rb-Sr isotopic Neoproterozoic through Silurian. Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks with Cambrian through Silurian metamorphism, hydrothermal alternation, and plutonic intrusion. Younger of part of Sumsunur tonalite complex has U-Pb and Rb- Sr isotopics ages of 790 Ma. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

- .

, . , 5 ) -

in ). ) 6

- d West

- . , Jilin Tuva ) and )

. units terrane Sino - in the Shanxi craton

- the the ton

. island arc include Zhangbei - craton craton greenstone the craton craton craton craton -

Langshan rift cra Tuva t of Delunuran -

metamorphic - . ast Angara fold Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss on trondhjemite cratonal - - - part of par E Siberia collage - derived from the the craton

- Muya ed , , Patom fold and margin rift terrane in the - - Asian granite Korea Korean Korean - - - um alite Major Metallogenic Belts Baydrag (part of Mongolia superterrane) Layers Bayan Obo related metasedimentary and metavolcanic deposit Korean Jixian Group sedimentary cover on Sino North Asian margin and thrust belt. Baikal terrane ( Circ and Muya terrane ( Mongolia superterrane and Olokit craton North Asian margin thrust belt Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Asian) craton margin. sedimentary overlap assemblage deposited on the Tuva-Mongolia superterrane. Jiamusi terrane (Metamorphic) terrane and Zhangguangcailing (Continental margin arc) superterrane Central Angara passive continental margin terrane (part of the Central Siberia collage). Yenisey-Transbaikal collage). metamorphic, Hug subduction zone, and Tunka island arc terranes, sedimentary overlap assemblage (all part of the Layers in, and veins and plutons intruding or associated with the Belaya-Kitoy the Tannuola plutonic belt, and Huvsgol-Bokson Major Metallogenic Belts, Neoproterozoic(1,000-540 Ma) -

hern

southern

Siberia

Central

- Mongolia Northwestern and North China Northern and Northeastern China Russia, eastern Siberia (Yenisei Ridge) Russia, Northern Transbaikalia Russia, Northern Transbaikalia

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, Far East Verkhoyansk (North Northeastern China Northern Mongolia Huvsgol-Bokson Russia, eastern Siberia (Yenisei Ridge) Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (East Sayan)

- Zn - - Mn - y Log,

Au in

; Talc V

Polygenic Fe - Cu - ; hosted - Pb

sedimentary Fe hydrothermal Serpentinite

Zn (SEDEX)

- - - hematite

formation

sedimentary Fe - Cu); Polymetallic (Pb, Nb deposits (Bayan Angarskoye); - - ± Fe

- sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Zn ( zhne - Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Sedimentary bauxite (Alag Uul); Sedimentary Fe Sedimentary exhalative Pb (SEDEX) (Huogeqi) REE Obo) Chemical (Wafangzi); Sedimentary exhalative Pb (Gaobanhe) Sedimentary (Ni Volcanogenic Volcanogenic sedimentary massive sulfide Pb Zn, Ag) carbonate metasomatite; hosted asbestos (Kholodninskoye, Lugovoye, Molodezhnoye) Au in black shale (Sukho Vysochaishi, Dogaldynskoye) (Mississippi valley type) (Sardana) Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Banded iron formation (Shuangyashan); Homestake Au (Dongfengshan); Metamorphic graphite; (Liumao); Metamorphic sillimanite Sedimentary phosphate (Hubsugul ); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Mn (Saihangol); Sedimentary Fe-V (Hitagiin gol) (Udereiskoye) Au in black shale (Olympiada); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Sovetskoye);Clastic- sediment-hosted Sb-Au Sedimentary bauxite (Boksonskoye); Magmatic nepheline (Botogolskoye); Serpentine-hosted asbestos (Ilchirskoye); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Zun-Kholba)

- -

Pit

- -

Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Darvi (DR) Langshan Bayan Obo (LB) Yanliao (YL) Angara (AP) Baikalo Muiskiy (BM) Bodaibin skiy (BO) Kyllakh Jixi (JX) Hovsgol (KY) (HO) Central- Yenisei (CY) Bokson- Kitoiskiy (BK) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-7 Belt is interpreted as having formed along shear zones and faults that occur between an ancient active continental margin along the North Asiancraton margin. subduction-related island arc volcanism and mafic plutonism, and multiple-phase granitic magmatism. Various deposits in the belt are interpretedas having formed during sea floor spreading volcanism and related mafic-ultramafic magmatism, and in during contact metasomatism of marine volcanic and sedimentary rocks. were hosted in the reefs. Fe skarn deposits formed trondjemite, anorthosite-paragneiss units in terranes that are fragments of Precambrian craton crystalline basement. Host terranes are uplifted parts ofthe North Asian craton. along transcrustal block-bounding faults in the margin of the platform. Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits Belt occurs in the enderbite-gneiss, tonalite- SEDEX deposits are interpreted as having formed Ar age for 39 Ar- 40 Riphean. isotopic age of 573 Ma. Late Neoproterozoic. Khantayshir ophiolite has an U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 568 Ma. Dariv ophiolite has an U-Pb zircon Moryanikhinskoye deposit is 740- 849 Ma. Host rocks have an isotopic isochron age for talc deposit is 633 Ma; Rb-Sr and REE carbonatite deposits is 547 Ma. Early Neoproterozoic. Model Pb-Pb isotopic age for Gorevskoye deposit is 834-852 Ma. Pb isotopic age of age of 950 Ma. Late Neoproterozoic. Rb-Sr 7 (North Asian) craton margin. belt and the Verkhoyansk the Paleoproterozoic Akitkan volcanic-plutonic Transbaikal collage). West Angara passive continental margin terrane (part of the Central Siberia collage). Various units in the North Asia craton: Onot granite- Ziminsky complex, and ultramafic alkaline plutonic rock. (part of the Yenisey- greenstone and Sharizhalgay tonalite- trondhjemite gneiss terranes containing mafic- ultramafic plutons in the Russia, East Sayan Sheared margin between Russia, eastern Siberia (Yenisei Ridge) Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (East Sayan) Western Mongolia Lake island arc terrane V) Fe, ± V); Cu ( (Mississippi Valley type) (Barvinskoye) Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Beloziminskoye); Mafic- ultramafic related Ti-Fe (+ (Mississippi valley type) (Moryanikhinskoye); Fe skarn Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) (Gorevskoye); Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Enashiminskoye) related Ti-Fe (+

Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; Fe skarn; Granitoid-related Au vein (Khyargas); Cyprus Cu-Zn Massive Sulfide (Naran Davaa); Mafic-ultramafic Davaa) Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) (Borts uul); Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe; Podiform Cr; Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE (Tsagdaltyn

Pribaikal- skiy Prisayan- skiy (PB) (PR) Vorogovsko -Angarsk (VA) Lake (LA) C-8 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - -

. as

rtzite consist age in the as having long an

st facies. ive as having thers (Onot

fragment of bearing schist - with amphibole in a Baikalskoye as having formed in an act

plagioclase schist, are interpreted - e the are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - magnetite quartzite occur - are interpreted the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) pyroxen and sillimanite - magnetite hypersthene layers. - - banded iron formation deposits Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted as having formed anded iron formation deposits Baits deposits) are Proterozoic continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a pyroxene gneiss - Benxi and Jiapigou areas Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is epicontinental marine basin. Gypsum is interpreted as having formed in a large Belt is interpreted as having formed during subduction related granitic magmatism along a continental-margin arc. Gypsum is interpreted as having formed in a supertidal sabkha sedimentary environment. Belt is interpreted as having formed during sedimentation along an early Paleozoic continental slope. margin of the Sino-Korean Platform. Kimberlite and associated intrusions occur alongthe northeast-trending regional Tanlu fault along northern Belt is interpreted as having formed during regional metamorphism associated with accretion ofthe Bayanhongor and Baydrag terranes. Main source of copper was weathered Riphean rocks as well as lode deposits in the Yenisei Ridge, and from hydrothermal activity along deep-fault zones related to rifting. basin during post-saline stage of rock deposition. eposit) are Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet

the 3.0 .8

- 00 age the Sr - Onot 2.6 Ga., -

Sutam

in the Nd isotopic in the - Metamorphic age

. 3.12 Ga. - Isotopic age of Sr, Sm a. - hean probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6

- - Pb, Rb a. U - Cambrian and Ordovician. Cambrian and Ordovician. complex is 426-456 Ma. Ordovician through Late Silurian. K-Ar isotopic age of the Hovd Middle Cambrian through Early Ordovician. Isotopic age of kimberlite on Shandong Peninsula is 460-490 Ma. Ordovician(?). Isotopic age of kimberlite is about 340-455 Ma. isotopic ages of foliated and metamorphosed host mudstone (Vendian to Early Cambrian Olziitgol Formation in the Orhon terrane) are 447 and 453.9 Ma. Late Ordovician. K-Ar metamorphic Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

8 in ).

d West

- . , Jilin ) and ) in the Shanxi craton

- include craton craton greenstone craton craton -

Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss trondhjemite - - - - derived from the

Asian granite Korean Korean - - alite Major Metallogenic Belts

Started in the Neoproterozoic (1000-540 Ma) craton. sedimentary cover Platform sedimentary cover on the Sino-Korean Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian turbidite terrane (part of the Altai collage). Mongolia-Khingan collage). the Turgen granitoid complex that intrudes the Hovd continental-margin Govi Altai continental- margin turbidite terrane (part of the South gneiss terrane. Liaoning-East Shandong tonalite-trondhjemite- Kimberlites intrudingthe Sino-Korean craton - Jilin- terrane, Orhon-Ikatsky continental margin arc terrane, and Zag-Haraa collage). North Asian craton. Middle and Late Cambrian. Belt is interpreted as having formed in an inland-sea Dauria subduction-zone turbidite basin (all part of the Yenisey-Transbaikal -

hern Major Metallogenic Belts,Cambrian Through Silurian (540-410 Ma) southern

Siberia

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Northeastern China. Northern China Sino-Korean platform Western Mongolia Replacements related to Southwestern Mongolia Northeastern China Russia, eastern Siberia (Yenisey Ridge area) Central Mongolia Veins in the Hangay-

Au in

; Talc Cu - Pb

Fe, Au, Ag, Mo)

formation

± sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Evaporite sedimentary gypsum (Rouguan) Evaporite sedimentary gypsum (Taiyuan) Granitoid-related Au vein; Au skarn; Cu ( skarn (Yolochka) Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe (Uhin Ovoo); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Mn (Tahilgat Uul, Sharturuutiin gol) (Fuxian) Diamond-bearing kimberlite Sediment-hosted Cu (Bedobinsk, Kurishskoye) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Bor Khairhan, Khan Uul, Dovont); Granitoid-related Au vein (Tsagaantsakhir Uul); Cu- Ag vein (Jargalant, Bayantsagaan, Burdiingol); Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Khokhbulgiin Khondii)

(JX) )

EL Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Jixi Hunjiang- Taizihe (HT) Jinzhong (JZ) Hovd (HO) Govi-Altai (GA) Bedobinsk (BE) East Liaoning ( Bayanhon- gor (BH) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-9 Kizir-Kazir island-arc terrane, part of the Yenisey- Transbaikal collage. granodiorite in the collisional Tannuola plutonic belt, and in the volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of the Deposits are hosted in gabbro, diorite, and batholith. Belt is related to early Paleozoic collisional granitoids that intrude Vendian and Cambrian shelf carbonate and clastic-carbonate rocks during transpressive (dextral-slip) movement along the Kuznetsk Alatau fault. Deposits clusters along fault and shear zones Belt is interpreted as having formed in an island arc that was subsequently intruded by the Barguzin-Vitim Belt is interpreted as having formed in a volcanic and that are branches of the Kuznetsk Alatau fault. sedimentation basin along an unstable proto- continental margin, or in a fragment ofan Archean craton that was incorporated into an subduction-zone terrane. Belt is interpreted as having formed during sea floor hydrothermal activity associated with basaltic volcanism that was accompanied by chert deposition in basins. Fe and Mn deposits occur in elongate beds and lenses. Sedimentary P deposits are interpreted as having formed in limestone caps that formed in two stages on accreted seamounts, atolls, and guyots. Units and deposits were subsequently incorporated into a subduction zone. Belt is related to early Paleozoic collisional granitoids that intrude a Vendian and Cambrian shelf carbonate and clastic-carbonate rocks duringtranspressive (dextral-slip) movement along the Kuznetsk Alatau fault. Ar host-rock 39 Ar/ 40 Ar isotopic age of 480-460 39 Ar/ Late Ordovician and Early Silurian. 430 Ma. gabbro, diorite, and granodiorite plutons in the Irbinskoye district is Early Ordovician through Early Silurian. isotopic age for deposit-related Neoproterozoic through Cambrian. Banded iron formation deposits intruded by granitic plutons with K- Ar isotopic ages of 604 and 301 Ma.

Cambrian and Ordovician. K-Ar Komsomolskoye, Sarala deposits. Cambrian through Silurian. Isotopic age of younger granitoids intruding terrane is 320-400 Ma. 458 Ma, 444 Ma, and 433 Ma for gangue minerals and metasomatite for the Gavrilovskoye, Centralnoye, complex; Rb-Sr ages of 472 Ma, Early Paleozoic. isotopic age is 480-420 Ma. Ma for the Martaiginsk complex; K- Ar age of 445-427 Ma for the Lebed 40 9 (part of the ongol-Okhotsk collage). Granitoids and veins related to the Tannuola plutonic belt (part of the Yenisey-Transbaikal collage). Korean craton. subduction-zone terrane, included in the Sino- Transbaikal collage). Transbaikal collage). (part of Yenisey- Transbaikal collage). (part of the Yenisey- (part of the Yenisey- Eravna island arc terrane Replacements related to the Tannuola plutonic belt Replacements related to the Tannuola plutonic belt terrane M Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau, Gorny Altai Mountains) Russia, Far East Galam subduction-zone Russia, Far East Malokhingansk Russia, western Transbaikalia Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau Mountains) Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Eastern Sayan Ridge) Cu); ± Be skarn ± Mo ± Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn ± Granitoid-related Au vein (Sarala, Komsomolskoye); Au skarn (Natal'evskoye, Sinyukhinskoye, Komsomolskoye) Banded iron formation (Yuzhno-Khingan, Kimkanskoe, Kostenginskoe) Lagapskoe) Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe (Gerbikanskoe); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Mn (Ir-Nimiiskoe- 1); Sedimentary phosphate (North-Shantarskoe, Nelkanskoe, Ir-Nimiiskoe-2, Volcanogenic-hydrothermal- sedimentary (metasomatic) massive sulfide Pb-Zn ( (Ozernoye); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Fe (Arishinskoye) quartz vein (Verhne- Askizskoye, Turtek) Fe skarn (Irbinskoye); Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe (Belokitatskoye); Granitoid- related Au vein (Olkhovskoye) Cu ( (Kiyalykh-Uzen, Juliya Mednaya); W (Tuim); Fe skarn (Samson); W- Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and

Martaiginsk (MT) South Khingan (SK) Uda- Shantar (US) (OZ) Ozerninsky Kizir-Kazyr (KK) Kiyalykh- Uzen (KY) C-10 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - -

. as

rtzite consist age in the as having long an

st facies. ive as having thers (Onot

fragment of bearing schist - with amphibole in a Baikalskoye as having formed in an act

plagioclase schist, are interpreted - e the are interpreted

hypersthene and

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is eposit) are Belt is interpreted as having formed along an active Andean-type continental margin. Belt is interpreted as having formed during island arc volcanism. Deposits are hosted in pillow basalt and Belt is interpreted as having formed regional metamorphism of the Govi-Altai terrane, part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage, during collision with the Lake terrane. Tectonic environment unknown. Devonian kimberlite pipes intrude mostly Cambrian to Silurian carbonate sedimentary rocks of the North Asian craton. Tectonic environment unknown. Devonian kimberlite pipes intrude mostly Cambrian to Silurian carbonate sedimentary rocks of the North Asian craton. siliceous rocks. Zhongtianshan terranes. Belt is interpreted as having formed during regional metamorphism and vein emplacement associated with accretion of the Beitianshan-Atasbogd and Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet

the 3.0 .8

- 00 age the Sr - Onot 2.6 Ga., -

Sutam

in the Nd isotopic in the - Metamorphic age

. 3.12 Ga. - Isotopic age of Sr, Sm a. - hean probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6

- - Pb, Rb a. U - Early Devonian through Early Carboniferous. Early Devonian. Devonian. Late Devonian through Early Devonian. Devonian. Carboniferous. Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

in 10 ).

d West

- . , Jilin ) and ) in the Shanxi craton

- include craton craton greenstone craton craton -

Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss trondhjemite - - - - derived from the

Asian granite Korean Korean - - alite Major Metallogenic Belts Mongolia-Khingan collage). continental margin arc). Edren Island arc terrane (part of the South (part of the Altai replacements related to the Deluun sedimentary- volcanic-plutonic belt turbidite terrane (part of the South Mongolia- Khingan collage). arc terrane and Zoolen subduction-zone terrane (both part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage). Kimberlite intruding the North Asian craton. Altai continental-margin Kimberlite intrudingthe North Asian craton. Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian -

hern southern

Siberia

Southwestern Mongolia Western Mongolia Granitoids and Southern Mongolia Veins in the Edren island Russia, Northeast Yakutia Russia, Central Yakutia Southern Mongolia Replacements in the Govi

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Major Metallogenic Belts, Devonian through Early Carboniferous (Mississippian)(410-320 Ma)

Au in

; Talc Cu - Pb

formation

sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) (Olgii nuruu); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Mn; Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe (Olgiibulag) (Kuroko, Altai type); Sediment-hosted Cu (Khatuugiin gol); Ag-Pb epithermal vein (Dulaan khar uul); Granitoid related Au vein Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Edren, Nemegt) (Aikhal, Udachnaya, Ubileinaya, Sytykanskaya) Au) vein and stockwork (Nominy Am); Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Mir, Internatsional'naya) Diamond-bearing kimberlite Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite (Burgedtas); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Bayangovi district) Diamond-bearing kimberlite Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits)

Edrengiin (ED) Edren- Zoolon (EZ) Bayangovi (BG) Botuobiya - Markha (DO) Daldyn- Olenyok Deluun- Sagsai (DS) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) (BM) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-11 overlap volcanic assemblages in an extensional basin that formed after the accretion. possibly Triassic mafic-ultramafic plutons, and in Belt is interpreted as having formed during extension after accretion of the Zhangguangcailing superterrane and Laoling terrane. Belt is hosted in Mississipian or Early Cambrian volcanic rocks of the Khamsara island- arc terrane and early Paleozoic granites ofthe Tannuola plutonic belt. Belt is interpreted as having formed during granitoid magmatism associated with the South Siberian volcanic plutonic belt that formed during rifting associated with transpressional faulting.. Deposit-related plutons intrude continental margin arc. Interpreted as having formed during intrusion of alkaline granitoid of the Mamsky and Konkudero-Mamakansky Complexes into the Chuya paragneiss terrane thatwere environment. part of a passive margin. The host granitoids are interpreted as having formed during post-accretionary magmatism in transpression zones related to transform microplate boundaries and within-plate (plume) Ar isotopic age 39 Ar/ 40 Devonian through Pennsylvanian. Estimated Mississippian. Isotopic ages of 331-350 Ma. and alkalic granite hosting W- Mo-Be deposits intrude Silurian- Devonian granite and have K-Ar isotopic ages of 305-280 Ma. deposit is 400-380 Ma. Alaskite Devonian and Carboniferous. Belt is interpreted as having formed along the Altay for the Aksug Cu-Mo-porphyry Devonian and Early Carboniferous. Mamsky complex has an isotopic age of 350-300 Ma. 11 plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Khamsara island-arc terrane. Replacements and granitoids related tothe South-Siberian volcanic- supterterrane). volcanic sedimentary complexes that intrude and overlap the Zhangguangcailing superterrane and the Laoling terrane (part of the Bureya-Jiamusi plutonic and the Guanma belt that overlap and intrude the Altai and Mafic and ultramafic plutons in the Hongqiling Deposits related to the Altai volcanic-plutonic Charysh continental margin turbidite terranes. Patom craton margin). Veins and dikes in the Mamsky and Konkudero- Mamakansky complexes intruding the Chuja paragneiss terrane (included in the Baikal- Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Northeast Tuva area) Northeastern China Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Gorny Altai area) Russia, northern Transbaikalia Au, Ag) (Aksug, ± V) (Kharlovskoye); alkaline metasomatite (Aryskanskoye 1); Granitoid- Dashkhemskoye); Ta-Nb-REE related Au vein and quartz vein (Okunevskoye); Porphyry Cu- Mo ( W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe (Kholzunskoye, Inskoye, Beloretskoye); Fe skarn, Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (+ Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite (Guanma) (Charyshskoye) Ni-PGE (Hongqiling); Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Mafic-ultramafic related Cu- Muscovite pegmatite (Vitimskoye, Lugovka, Kolotovka, Bolshoye Severnoye, Komsomolsko- Molodezhnoye, Sogdiondonskoye, and Chuyskoye)

Kizhi-Khem (KZ) (KK) Korgon- Kholzun Mamsko- Chuiskiy Hongqiling (MC) (HQ) C-12 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

. as

rtzite consist age in the as having long an

st facies.

ive . . as having thers (Onot regional

island arc fragment of bearing schist , part of the - with amphibole craton craton in a during Baikalskoye regional along an active during as having formed in an act an

plagioclase schist, during collision with are interpreted -

e the are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - magnetite quartzite occur - are interpreted Atasbogd and - Altai terrane the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) - North Asi North Asian pyroxen hosted in pillow basalt and and sillimanite

- magnetite hypersthene layers. - - e and apatite deposits are hosted banded iron formation deposits

Archean sequences; o the the in the ar are interpreted as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed ly Cambrian to Silurian carbonate as having formed anded iron formation deposits

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic Khingan collage,

- Beitianshan

continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - the belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a pyroxene gneiss . Deposits - type continental margin. Benxi and Jiapigou areas - Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is eposit) are Belt is interpreted metamorphism of the Govi South Mongolia the Lake terrane. Tectonic environment unknown. Devonian kimberlite pipes intrude mostly Cambrian to Silurian carbonate sedimentary rocks of Tectonic environment unknown. Devonian kimberlite pipes intrude most sedimentary rocks of Belt is interpreted Andean Belt is interpreted volcanism siliceous rocks. Belt is interpreted metamorphism and vein emplacement associated with accretion of Zhongtianshan terranes. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet porphyry intrusions intrude older early Paleozoic granitoid plutons. Skarn and metasomatic polymetallic deposits are hosted in Vendian and Cambrian shallow- water marine carbonate rocks. Belt is interpreted as having formed during Devonian subalkalic porphyry magmatism related to interplate rifting and transpressional faulting. Deposit-related Muya terrane with the Muya terrane. Belt is interpreted as having formed in granitoids and veins generation during Riphean collisionof the Baikal- Belt is interpreted as having formed in an active continental margin arc environment into which mafic dike swarms and small intrusions, and siliceous porphyries were intruded. Cu deposits interpreted as having formed during Devonian rifting. REE Belt is hosted in shallow marine shelf volcanic rocks alkali-ultramafic and carbonatite plutons are also interpreted as having formed during Devonian rifting.

Ar- the 3.0 .8 40

- 00 age the Sr - Onot 2.6 Ga., - Early

Early Sutam

in the Nd isotopic in the - through . through

Metamorphic age . .

. 3.12 Ga. - Isotopic age of

Sr, Sm . . a. - hean probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6

- - Pb, Rb a. U - Ar isotopic age of deposits is Devonian Devonian. Devonian Early Devonian Carboniferous Early Devonian Late Devonian Carboniferous Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. age of 416 Ma. albite metasomatite age is 400- 380 Ma. Host volcanic rocks with K-Ar age of 396 Ma and Rb-Sr 39 Devonian and Early Carboniferous. 385-400 Ma. K-feldspar and Middle Devonian through Early Carboniferous for deposit-related quartz-porphyry intrusion. Middle and Late Devonian. Belt is interpreted as having formed in an island arc. Middle Devonian through Early Carboniferous. Early and Middle Devonian. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

the . in 10 ). 12 )

the the d West Govi

- - . -

, Jilin island . . ) and )

margin part of terrane South - in the Shanxi craton ). (

- in the include

craton craton greenstone the craton craton craton craton Edren -

zone terrane Altai South and Zoolen - Khingan Khingan an Hebei East Shandong - - orthogneiss plutonic belt terrane trondhjemite te intruding - - -

- - derived from the the the .

). ) Island arc in the Asian continental granite of Korean Korean - - alite South Mongolia part part of both part of Major Metallogenic Belts Replacements Altai turbidite the Khingan collage Kimberlite intruding North Asi Kimberli North Asian Granitoids and replacements related to Deluun sedimentary volcanic ( continental margin arc Edren ( Mongolia collage Veins arc terrane subduction ( Mongolia collage island arc terrane and Muya metamorphic terrane (both part of the Tuva-Mongolia superterrane). Granitoids and veins related to the Barguzin- Vitim granitoid that intrudes the Baikal-Muya (Altay arc) that overlies and intrudes the Salair terrane. Verkhoyansk (North Asian) craton margin. Rudny Altai island arc, terrane (part of the West Siberian collage). Porphyry intrusions and associated replacements related to the Altay volcanic-plutonic belt Granitoids and associated replacements related to the South Siberian volcanic- plutonic belt (South Siberian arc). Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian

hern

southern

Siberia

Russia, Northwestern Transbaikalia Russia, southern Yakutia Russia, southern- eastern Siberia Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Salair Range) Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau Mountains) Southern Mongolia Russia, Central Yakutia Russia, Northeast Yakutia Western Mongolia Southwestern Mongolia Southern Mongolia

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Major Metallogenic Belts, Devonian through Early Carboniferous (Mississippian)(410-320 Ma)

Au in

; Talc Pb -

- - Zn massive hosted Pb Ag

- - - Zn ± Cu (±Ag, W, Bi) - ng kimberlite ±

sedimentary Fe

formation

hosted Cu beari bearing kimberlite olcanogenic - - - V

Cu massive sulfide - Granitoid related Au vein ; sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Pb - Ag, Cu) skarn (Julia ± Granitoid-related Au vein; Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Irokindinskoye); Carbonate- hosted Hg-Sb (Kelyanskoye); Porphyry Sn (Mokhovoye) Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) (Korbalihinskoye, Stepnoye, Talovskoye, Rubtsovskoye, Zakharovskoye, Jubileinoye); Barite vein (Zarechenskoye, Zmeinogorskoye); Volcanic- (Mississippi valley type) (Lugun , Segenyakh) hosted metasomatite Sediment-hosted Cu (Kurpandzha); Basaltic native Cu (Lake Superior type) (Dzhalkan and Rossomakha); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Gornoye Ozero, Povorotnoye); Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Kamenushinskoye) ( Svintsovaya) Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite (Salairskoye); Porphyry Cu-Mo (±Au, Ag) metasomatite (Karasuk); Zn-Pb (Sorskoye); Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted Porphyry Mo ( Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Bayangovi district) Diamond (Mir, Internatsional'naya) Diamond (Aikhal, Udachnaya, Ubileinaya, Sytykanskaya) Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic metasomatite (Burgedtas); Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork (Nominy Am); Volcanogen Zn (Kuroko, Altai type); Sediment (Khatuugiin gol); epithermal vein (Dulaan khar uul) Volcanogenic Cu sulfide (Urals type) (Olgii nuruu); sedimentary Mn; Volcanogenic (Olgiibulag) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Edren, Nemegt) Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits)

- -

Muiskiy (MS) Rudny Altai (RA) Sette-Daban (SD) Salair (SL) Sorsk (SO) Bayangovi (BG) Botuobiya Markha (BM) Daldyn Olenyok (DO) Deluun Sagsai (DS) Edrengiin (ED) Edren Zoolon (EZ) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-13 - the

granitoids that intrude granite belt may be related collisional as related to an Early Permian core , the that consists of Okhotsk Ocean. - omplex Cambrian clastic rocks and limestone. during early Paleozoic collision of the Voznesenka and Kabarga terranes. Deposit-related granitoids intrude crustal melting and generation of anatectic granite. Belt is interpreted as having formed in a collisional arc that formed in a fragment of Gondwanaland. Host leucogranite plutons are interpreted as having formed Belt is interpreted as having formed during intrusion of collisional granite that formed during collision of Kazakhstan and North Asian cratons. Belt is interpreted as having formed during high-grade metamorphism with with the Idermeg terrane. Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate transpression and rifting that formed the South Minusa carbonatite deposits are associated with alkali-ultramafic intrusions. Belt is interpreted as having formed regional metamorphism of the Govi-Altai terrane during collision volcanic basin. Deposit is related to Early Devonian granosyenite plutons that occur along marginal faults of Devonian basins. Belt is interpreted as related to widespread development of Trapp magmatism on the North Asian craton. Fe skarn deposits associated with Triassic explosive and intrusive basaltic complexes in diatremes. REE-Ta-Nb Belt is interpreted c gneiss and mylonite in the West Stanovoy terrane. Alternatively granitoids generated during Mesozoic closure of Mongol Belt is interpreted as having formed in a mature island arc or continental-margin arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed during intrusion of alkali-ultramafic rock and carbonatite associated with Devonian rifting. continental marginarc that was adjacent to the Mongol- Okhotsk Ocean. Belt is hosted in gabbro, diorite, and granodiorite stocks and dikes. . - Pb a 129 Ma gneiss. - - Ar isotopic 39 Ar/ 40

Ar isotopic ages of 89 - arly Permian according to ages of 440-396 Ma. Ma. Late Devonian and Early Late Carboniferrous. Calc- alkaline anatectic granite with K- Ar isotopic age of 219 Ma. Devonian(?). Late Cambrian though Devonian. Granitoids have K-Ar isotopic and 438 Ma. K-Ar isotopic age of Devonian volcanic rocks is 396 Ma and Rb-Sr isotopic age is 416 Carboniferous. Late Permian and Early Triassic(?). Isotopic ages of related igneous rock range from 260-200 Ma. Malaya Kul-Taiga pluton are 411 Early Devonian. K-Ar isotopic ages for syenite-diorite of the Late Carboniferous and Permian. Belt is interpreted as having formed along the Selenga Early Permian(?) or Mesozoic(?) E Pb zircon age of 275 Ma for strongly foliated granite K for migmatite, gneissic granite, leucogranite, aplite, and pegmatite. age for the Tsagaan suvarga porphyry Cu deposit is 364.9± 3.5 Ma. isotopic age is 810 Ma; K-Ar age is 240 Ma.

. s the

13 14 the - - - the - Plutonic . ) intruding Hangay zone terrane Mongol Selenga arc) - related to

the the are part of part of the that formed in the early stage of intrusion of the Hangay plutonic belt that Granitoids related tothe Gurvansayhan island arc terrane (part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage). continental margin turbidite terrane. Voznesenka passive Jiamusi supterterrane). turbidite terrane (part of the South Mongolia- Khingan collage). Replacements related to the Tungus plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusions that intrude the North Asian craton. intrudes the Altai continental margin terrane (part of the Bureya- Altai continental-margin volcanic-plutonic belt that Plutonic rocks of the South Siberian volcanic- plutonic belt (South Siberian arc). intrudes Dauria and Onon subduction ( Okhotsk collage rocks Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt ( Granitoids related to Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt (Selenga arc) West Stanovoy terrane. Veins, dikes, and replacements related to granitoids in the Altai North Asian craton. Devonian. Host rock Rb-Sr

Central Mongolia Small stitching plutons Southeastern Mongolia Russia, Far East Granitoids intrudingthe Russia, eastern Siberia Southern Mongolia Replacements in the Govi Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau Mountains) Northwestern Mongolia; Northwestern China Northern Mongolia Russia, Northeast Yakutia - - Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) through Middle Triassic (320-230Ma) V) related - Au, Ag) ± Bayangol); REE

REE ( - Be greisen, stockwork, and Zr - - Au) (Oyu Tolgoi); Porphyry ± Granitoid-related Au vein (Mongot, Battsengel, Uyanga groups, Sharga Ovoo, Tsagaan Ovoo) (Tsagaan suvarga; Oyutolgoi, Oyut, Bor Ovoo); Porphyry Cu ( (Alagtolgoi) Fluorite greisen (Voznesenka- II); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Yaroslavskoe) Porphyry Cu-Mo ( Au; Granitoid-related Au vein Li (Chuktukonskoye) Volcanogenic-Sedimentary Fe (Chilanskoye) Fe skarn (Teiskoye, Khaileolovskoye); Mafic- REE-Li pegmatite; Muscovite pegmatite (Keketuohai, Ayoubulake) Fe skarn (Korshunovskoye); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Chuktukonskoye); Weathering crust carbonatite REE-Zr-Nb- REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Tomtor) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Olon Ovoot) Peralkaline granitoid Nb Li pegmatite (Bayangol 1); W Mo quartz vein (Patynskoye, Kul-Taiga); ultramafic related Ti-Fe (+

) BU Battsengel- Uyanga- Erdenedalai (BUE) Yaroslavka (YA) Tsagaan- suvarga (TsS) (AI) Teisk (TE) Angara-Ilim Altay (AT) Buteeliin nuruu ( Udzha (UD) Ulziit (UZ) C-14 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

- - - -

Nb Nb

- - as the

rtzite consist age in the Ta Ta as having . Fe . Fe long an - -

ultramafic ultramafic Selenga Selenga st facies. - - ive Yenisei along the as having thers (Onot

the Mongol the Mongol the the fragment of the craton craton bearing schist

- with amphibole craton Belt is interpreted Belt is interpreted in a Baikalskoye as having formed in an act in an island arc. in an island arc. during intrusion of along during intrusion of along

plagioclase schist, are interpreted - e the gabbro, diorite, and gabbro, diorite, and are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - magnetite quartzite occur ratons. ratons. grade metamorphism with grade metamorphism with

- - - c c are interpreted

the North Asian interlayered North Asian Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) tion of anatectic granite. tion of anatectic granite. North Asian pyroxen and sillimanite

- magnetite hypersthene layers. granitoids that intrude granite associated with alkali associated with alkali - the the hosted in hosted in - that was adjacent to that was adjacent to banded iron formation deposits Archean sequences; o the is is in the are interpreted are are arc arc as having formed anded iron formation deposits as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed belt may be related collisional as related to mantle superplume as related to widespread development as related to an Early Permian core as related to widespread development Baits deposits) are Proterozoic during high during high Siberian rift system and Belt Belt

. . continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - , the belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a

its associated with Triassic explosive and its associated with Triassic explosive and pyroxene gneiss )

- that consists of Okhotsk Ocean. magmatism on Benxi and Jiapigou areas magmatism on - Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the magmatism on lived West - is t is interpreted 230Ma t is interpreted Trapp - Trapp eposit) are omplex Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted of skarn depos intrusive basaltic complexes in diatremes. REE carbonatite deposits intrusions. Belt is interpreted collisional granite that formed during collision of Kazakhstan and North Asian as having formed crustal melting and genera Bel continental margin Okhotsk Ocean granodiorite stocks and dikes. Belt is interpreted c gneiss and mylonite in the West Stanovoy terrane. Alternatively granitoids generated during Mesozoic closure of Mongol Belt is interpreted as having formed in an island arc. Belt is hosted in a subduction-related granodiorite porphyry. Belt is interpreted as having formed along the Selenga continental margin arc along the northern margin of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Belt is interpreted Belt is interpreted Belt is interpreted magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp long sublongitudinal major fault. Belt is interpreted as having formed in the South Mongolian continental-margin arc. Belt is interpreted of skarn depos intrusive basaltic complexes in diatremes. REE carbonatite deposits intrusions. Belt is interpreted collisional granite that formed during collision of Kazakhstan and North Asian as having formed crustal melting and genera Bel continental margin Okhotsk Ocean granodiorite stocks and dikes. Belt is interpreted as related to an Early Permian core complex that consists of granitoids that intrude granite- gneiss and mylonite in the West Stanovoy terrane. Alternatively, the belt may be related collisional granitoids generated during Mesozoic closure ofthe Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. (320

. . - - . -

the Pb 3.0 .8

- 00 a age the Sr

from - from - - Onot 129 Ma 2.6 Ga., gneiss. - -

s of - s of Permian Sutam Permian

and and in the Nd isotopic Early Early in the - of 219 Ma. of 219 Ma.

Metamorphic age .

and and . 3.12 Ga.

Triassic - Isotopic age of

Sr, Sm a. - hean and . probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 200 Ma. 200 Ma. 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

- - - Pb, Rb Ar isotopic ages of 89 a. U - - arly Permian according to Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Late Permian Triassic(?). Isotopic age related igneous rock range 260 Late Carboniferrous. Calc alkaline anatectic granite with K Ar isotopic age Late Carboniferous Early Permian(?) or Mesozoic(?) E Pb zircon age of 275 Ma for strongly foliated granite K for migmatite, gneissic granite, leucogranite, aplite, and pegmatite. for host batholith is 292 Ma. Pennsylvanian. K-Ar isotopic age Early and Late Permian. Middle Carboniferous through Early Permian. Permian Pennsylvanian Permian for migmatite, gneissic granite, leucogranite, aplite, and pegmatite. Early Permian(?) or Mesozoic(?). Early Permian according toa Pb- K-Ar isotopic ages of 89-129 Ma Pb zircon age of 275 Ma for strongly foliated granite-gneiss. Late Permian Triassic(?). Isotopic age related igneous rock range 260 Late Carboniferrous. Calc alkaline anatectic granite with K Ar isotopic age Late Carboniferous Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

. s s the

in ). 14

15 14 ions ions d West the land

- - the the - . - , Jilin the -

) and ) is the .

early early . Plutonic ) . in the Altai Shanxi craton

Altai South

) island arc

. - . the North North

include intruding that intrude . craton craton greenstone Tungus

craton craton the ) - . craton of .

Altai Hangay Altai zone terrane part of Mongol Selenga arc) in the zone terrane Baaran the in the the - - - ons utonic belt that Khingan utonic belt that in the Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss in the the related to - plutonic belt that trondhjemite - - plutonic belt that - the the - - the

derived from the - part the Jiamusi .

- ) craton craton are Asian granite part of Korean Korean - - alite Tungus plateau basalt, Tungus plateau basalt, part of part of the Major Metallogenic Belts both errane ( Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Replacements related to the sills, dikes, and intrus that intrude Asian Veins, dikes, and replacements related to granitoids volcanic intrudes continental margin turbidite terrane Small stitching plutons that formed stage of intrusion of Hangay pl intrudes Dauria and Onon subduction ( Okhotsk collage rocks Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt ( Granitoids related to Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt (Selenga arc) West Stanovoy terrane. Selenga sedimentary- volcanic plutonic belt (part of the Selenga arc). Selenga sedimentary- volcanic plutonic belt (Selenga arc) intruding the West Stanovoy terrane. rocks are related to the Okhotsk collage). Plutonic Dauria and Onon subduction-zone terranes (part of the Mongol- Replacements related to the sills, dikes, and intrus that intrude Asian Veins, dikes, and replacements related to granitoids volcanic intrudes continental margin turbidite terrane Small stitching plutons that formed stage of intrusion of Hangay pl intrudes the Hangay- Granitoids related tothe Nora-Sukhotin- Duobaoshan island arc, terrane (part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage). granitoids related tothe Selenga sedimentary- volcanic plutonic belt (part of the Selenga arc). (South Mongolian arc) that intrude the Mandalovoo-Onor island volcanic-plutonic belt arc terrane and Mandah subduction ( Mongolia collage South Kitakami t Bureya supterterrane Waizunger arc terrane ( Atasbogd collage Replacements and plutons related to plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusi North Asian South-Mongolian

- -

hern southern

northern Siberia

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, eastern Siberia Northwestern Mongolia; Northwestern China Central Mongolia Northern Mongolia Northern Mongolia Granitoids related tothe Russia, eastern Siberia Northwestern Mongolia; Northwestern China Central Mongolia Northeastern China Central Mongolia Replacements and Southern Mongolia Granitoids related tothe Japan Northwestern China Russia, Eastern Siberia

- - - Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) through Middle Triassic (320-230Ma) -

Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) through Middle Triassic

- - W, Nb

Be Nb ± - -

± Au in

; Talc Zr Zr

- related Cu -

Mo - - - Weathering Weathering Au, Ag) Au, Ag) ±

Pb ± ±

Pb - -

)

Bayangol); REE

formation

Fe, Au, Ag, Mo)

± related Au vein related Au vein related Au vein -

- -

(Suringdakonskoye); (Bilchany River); REE ( Hitachi

ultramafic related Cu ultramafic related Cu - (

Li pegmatite; Muscovite - - Li pegmatite; Muscovite - - Be greisen, stockwork, and sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Zr - - PGE (Kalatongke); PGE - - Ag, Cu) skarn; W ± Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Fe skarn (Korshunovskoye); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Chuktukonskoye); crust carbonatite REE Li (Chuktukonskoye) REE pegmatite (Keketuohai, Ayoubulake) Granitoid (Mongot, Battsengel, Uyanga groups, Sharga Ovoo, Tsagaan Ovoo) Peralkaline granitoid Nb Li pegmatite (Bayangol 1); W Mo quartz vein quartz vein Li pegmatite (Bayangol 1); W- Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE (Bayangol); REE- Fe skarn (Korshunovskoye); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Chuktukonskoye); crust carbonatite REE Li (Chuktukonskoye) REE pegmatite (Keketuohai, Ayoubulake) Granitoid (Mongot, Battsengel, Uyanga groups, Sharga Ovoo, Tsagaan Ovoo) (Uhaa hudag and Kharmagtai, Shine, Hatsar); Au-Ag (Nariinhudag, Hongoot, Kharmagtai); Porphyry Au; Granitoid-related Au vein (Duobaoshan) Porphyry Cu-Mo ( Porphyry Cu-Mo ( quartz vein; Basaltic native Cu (Lake Superior type) Bi); Au skarn (Buutsagaan); Granitoid related Au vein; W- Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and (Zos Uul); Porphyry Mo ( skarn (Erdenekhairkhan); Porphyry Cu-Mo (±Au, Ag) skarn; Cu ( ( Fe-Zn skarn; Sn skarn, Zn-Pb epithermal Vein Deposits (Shuteen) Volcanogenic Zn massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) Mafic Ni Granitoid (Alatasi) Fe skarn Mafic Ni Metamorphic graphite (Noginskoye)

- -

ke - Ilim Ilim -

isko

)

BU Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Angara (AI) Altay (AT) Battsengel Uyanga Erdenedalai (BUE) Buteeliin nuruu ( Angara (AI) Altay (AT) Battsengel Uyanga Erdenedalai (BUE) Buteeliin nuruu (BU) Harmagtai- Hongoot- Oyut (HH) Duobaoshan (DB) Central Mongolia (CM) Hitachi (Hit) Kalatong (KL) Kure Tungsk (KT) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-15 shallow are - Selenga South the margin of the along in an island arc. northern arc. related granodiorite -

margin along the - arc subduction as having formed as having formed as having formed in the in a

continental

Okhotsk Ocean. - inental margin

Belt is interpreted as having formed in an island arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed in an island arc. sublongitudinal major fault. long-lived West-Siberian rift system and the Yenisei Belt is interpreted cont Mongol Belt is interpreted Belt is hosted porphyry. Belt is interpreted Mongolian Belt is interpreted as related to mantle superplume magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp magmatism on the North Asian craton along the craton. Belt is interpreted as related to mantle-derived superplume magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp magmatism on the North Asian Belt is interpreted as having formed during oblique subduction of oceanic crust of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean plate under the southern margin of the Siberian Belt formed during weathering of metamorphic rocks of the Northern China Platform. Bauxite deposits hosted in karst and lagoonal basins in a littoral sea. Belt is interpreted as related to mantle superplume continent. Basaltic Cu hosted in basalt and trachybasalt in mafic volcanic rock in the PermianKhanui Series. magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp magmatism on North Asian craton. Magmatic rocks include tholeiite, diabase, trachybasalt, melanonephelinite volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, and ijolite-carbonatite and kimberlite complexes. ridge. Belt contains fragments of oceanic crust with podiform chromite deposits are hosted in ultramafic rocks, and chert-hosted Mn deposits. Deposits and host rocks were subsequently incorporated intoa subduction zone. Belt is hosted in a subduction zone complex composed of marine sedimentary and volcanic rock, and fragments of oceanic crust with ultramafic rock. Besshi deposits are interpreted as having formed along a spreading

) age

om . 175 Ma - Erdenet

through Ar isotopic isotopic (230 the 250 Ma. 39 - Ar - Ar/ 240 - K

. . Late Permian. grade part of batholith is 292 Ma - Ma for white mica fr Ar isotopic ages of deposit- Ar isochron isotopic age of and

39 39 nnsylvanian Ar/ Ar/ Permian. Pennsylvanian. Early Pennsylvanian. for host Middle Carboniferous Early Permian Permian and Triassic. ages of deposit-related granite metasomatite of the Erdenetiin Ovoo deposit has K-Ar isotopic ages 210-190 Ma. Explosive breccia has age of 210 Ma. K-Ar Triassic. Quartz-sericite the Norilsk district are 241.0- 245.3 Ma. Isotopic age for Cu-Mo deposits is 223.3 Ma 40 range from 185 40 207± 2 highest mine. Pe ages for mafic-ultramafic rocks in Late Permian and Early Triassic. related intrusions range from 249- 253 Ma. Early Triassic. Jurassic. Permian (or older) through

15 16

- - the the - - the South the

Sino Sino the Hebei

- and -

the Onor island island arc, - the the Selenga arc) Khingan - plutonic belt

- part of . Platform craton ) Mongolian - Sukhotin - part of the arc terrane (part of the supterterrane). Waizunger-Baaran island Atasbogd collage). South Kitakami island arc terrane (part of the Bureya-Jiamusi Replacements and granitoids related to Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt ( Granitoids related to Nora Duobaoshan terrane ( Mongolia collage Granitoids related to South volcanic (South Mongolian arc) that intrude Mandalovoo arc terrane and Mandah subduction-zone terranes (both part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage). Replacements and plutons related to the Tungus plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusions that intrude North Asian craton. sedimentary-volcanic plutonic belt (Selenga arc). Alkali-ultramafic- carbonatite intrusions related to the Tungus plateau basalt that intrude the North Asian craton. Stratiform units in the upper part of Korean overlapping Korean West Liaoning Shanxi terrane. Tungus plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusions that intrude the North Asian craton. Mino Tamba Chichibu subduction-zone terrane (part of the Honshu- Sikhote-Alin collage).

Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Triassic through Early Jurassic

Northwestern China Japan Central Mongolia Northeastern China Southern Mongolia Russia, northern- Eastern Siberia Central Mongolia Granitoids in the Selenga Russia, Northeast Siberia Northern China Russia, northern- Eastern Siberia Japan -

W, Pb Be - ± ± Mo

armagtai, Au, Ag) Au, Ag) ± Au, Ag) Ag - ± ± ± Au

Porphyry Au; Mo (±Au, Ag) Mo ( Mo (

- - - Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) elated Au vein ; Basaltic native Cu ± Porphyry Mo ( r ; dag, Hongoot, - Au, Ag) ± Be greisen, stockwork, and - Zn skarn; Sn skarn, Zn armagtai); - Ag, Cu) skarn; W ± Duobaoshan) Granitoid-related Au vein (Alatasi) Metamorphic graphite (Noginskoye) Mafic-ultramafic related Cu- Ni-PGE (Kalatongke); Fe skarn (Suringdakonskoye); Mafic-ultramafic related Cu- Ni-PGE (Bilchany River); Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) (Hitachi) Fe ( skarn; Cu ( skarn (Erdenekhairkhan); Porphyry Cu (Zos Uul) Bi); Au skarn (Buutsagaan); Granitoid related Au vein; W Mo quartz vein (Lake Superior type) Porphyry Cu ( Porphyry Cu (Nariinhu Kh Granitoid (Uhaa hudag and Kh Shine, Hatsar); epithermal Vein Deposits (Shuteen) (Erdenetiin Ovoo, Central, Oyut; Shand; Zuiliin gol) carbonatite (Magan I, Bor- Uryach); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Gulinskoye I); Phlogopite carbonatite (Odikhimcha) Porphyry Cu-Mo ( Fe-Ti (±Ta, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) Mo ( (Bolgochtonskoye) Sedimentary bauxite (Ke’er) Oktyabrskoye 3); Basaltic native Cu (Lake Superior type) (Arylakhskoye); Porphyry Cu- Mafic-ultramafic related Cu- Ni-PGE (Norilsk I, II, Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn (Yanahara) (Hamayokokawa); Podiform chromite (Wakamatsu); Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide

(KL) Kalatongke Kureisko- Tungsk (KT) Central Mongolia (CM) Duobaoshan (DB) Harmagtai Hongoot Oyut (HH) Hitachi (Hit) Orhon- Selenge (OS) Maimecha- Kotuisk (MK) Shanxi (SX) Mino- Tamba- Chugoku (MTC) Norilsk (NR) C-16 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - -

as the

rtzite consist age in the Ta . Fe with as having - long an

ultramafic Selenga st facies. - xes. subduction ive

as having thers (Onot

the Mongol Okhotsk a late Paleozoic the - erplume fragment of North Asian . Magmatic craton bearing schist - with amphibole derived in ultramafic Khanui Series. - Belt is interpreted the in the in a

Baikalskoye during oblique as having formed during intrusion of along in an act craton complex composed plagioclase schist, are interpreted - e the gabbro, diorite, and along a spreading are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - ratons. grade metamorphism with magnetite quartzite occur

- - c are interpreted North Asian the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) tion of anatectic granite.

pyroxen and sillimanite granitoids that intrude granite associated with alkali the - magnetite hypersthene layers. - hosted in - that was adjacent to banded iron formation deposits magmatism on Archean sequences; o is in the are interpreted are deposits are hosted as having formed arc subduction zone as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits belt may be related collisional

as related to mantle sup as related to mantle as related to widespread development as related to an Early Permian core Baits deposits) are Proterozoic ns fragments of oceanic crust during high hosted Mn deposits. Deposits and host Belt Trapp

- . as having formed continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - , the under the southern margin of the Siberian belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in

volcanic and sedimentation basin a its associated with Triassic explosive and carbonatite and kimberlite comple pyroxene gneiss

- - that consists of Okhotsk Ocean. magmatism on Benxi and Jiapigou areas elt contai - Sosnovy - c volcanic rock in the Permian in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist pment of B plate –

interpreted . outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the magmatism on North Asian

. is t is interpreted Trapp eposit) are omplex Transbaikal arc. Small plutons hosting REE deposits intruded in a continentalpostcollisional event. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of the Mongol- Early Jurassic alaskite, granite, and alkaline granite. Transbaikal arc. Belt is hosted in Late Triassic through Transbaikal arc. Belt is interpreted and early Mesozoic South Mongolian continental margin arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of the Mongol- collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of the Mongol- sea. Belt is interpreted magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp rocks include tholeiite, diabase, trachybasalt, melanonephelinite volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, and ijolite Belt is hosted in a of marine sedimentary and volcanic rock, and fragments of oceanic crust with ultramafic rock. Besshi deposits are interpreted ridge. podiform chromite rocks, and chert rocks were subsequently incorporated into zone Belt is interpreted superplume magmatism that resulted in widespread develo craton Belt is interpreted subduction of oceanic crust of the Mongol Ocean continent. Basaltic Cu hosted in basalt and trachybasalt in mafi Belt formed during weathering of metamorphic rocks of the Northern China Platform. Bauxite depositsare hosted in karst and lagoonal basins in a littoral-shallow Belt is interpreted of skarn depos intrusive basaltic complexes in diatremes. REE carbonatite deposits intrusions. Belt is interpreted collisional granite that formed during collision of Kazakhstan and North Asian as having formed crustal melting and genera Bel continental margin Okhotsk Ocean granodiorite stocks and dikes. Belt is interpreted c gneiss and mylonite in the West Stanovoy terrane. Alternatively granitoids generated during Mesozoic closure of Mongol Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet - -

. . - -

in 242 is

Mo - Zr Ar - Pb the - - 3.0 .8 -

- 00 a age the

Sr from Nb - - - 129 Ma Onot 2.6 Ga., Early gneiss. - - s of -

Permian from 249 rock Sutam of deposit - 241.0 Ar isotopic Ar isochron Lugiin gol mineral

Ar isotopic

39 - and luton is 244 39 - are in the through ange ages 210 Ma. K Nd isotopic Early Triassic. Early the in the through - Ar/ Ar age is 228 sericite Ar/ - - of related granite of 219 Ma. 40 ultramafic rocks - 40 Metamorphic age - and and lder) Sr whole . Ar age of 293 Ma.

3.12 Ga. - - artz - Sr age isotopic of 277 Isotopic age of K

- Sr, Sm Khanbogd REE 190 Ma. Explosive a. - - a hean

probably older than 2 G c Rb

Pb zircon isotopic age for Ar isotopic Ar isochron isotopic age of f deposit an. Sharyzhalgay series has - a is 199 Ma. K The 39 39 Ar 200 Ma. 210 o - 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 - Norilsk district ly Triassic. s s

- - Ar isotopic ages of 89 Pb, Rb - a. U - Ar/ Ar/ arly Permian according to Late Triassic. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. Sr isotopic age of 190.49 Ma and K-Ar age of 188-225 Ma. Deposit-related granite with Rb- isotopic ages for plagioclase- biotite porphyry and biotite granodiorite from Bayan Uul ore- field are 220-223 Ma. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of Middle Triassic Jurassic. Rb isochron age for nepheline syenite p Ma and whole rock isochron ages are 222 Ma and 180 Ma. deposit is associated with late Paleozoic alkaline granite pluton with Ma and Late Permian Triassic(?). Isotopic age related igneous rock range 260 Late Carboniferrous. Calc alkaline anatectic granite with K Ar isotopic age Late Carboniferous Early Permian(?) or Mesozoic(?) E Pb zircon age of 275 Ma for strongly foliated granite K for migmatite, gneissic granite, leucogranite, aplite, and pegmatite. mine. 207± 2 Ma for white mica from highest-grade part of the Erdenet Late Permian 40 related intrusions r 253 Ma. Permian (or o Jurassic. Ear ages for mafic the 245.3 Ma. Isotopic age for Cu deposits is 223.3 Ma Triassic. Qu metasomatite of the Erdenetiin Ovoo deposit has K age breccia has age age range from 185-240-250 Ma. 40 Pennsylvanian. Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

. s

the

17 lap in . 14 ). 16 . r

) ions . the the d West - - ) the

- - . the - , Jilin the - ) and ) early Plutonic Khingan Selenga - . Altai

- in the Shanxi craton craton ) .

hot and - North North intruding include that intrudes Tungus that intrude afic

craton craton greenstone

volcanic craton craton . . - Altai Hangay

- zone terrane Mongol Selenga arc) zone terrane Honshu in the the the - - Xilin in the utonic belt that in the the Hebei East Shandong related to - plutonic belt that sedimentary orthogneiss plutonic belt that trondhjemite - - - - - the the - Alin collage Lugyngol ove - derived from the the the -

both part of ultram craton craton - are Asian granite Korean Korean the - -

alite . Tungus plateau basalt, North Asian part of part of the part of associated arc). volcanic-plutonic belt and collage and Gobi- Khankaisk-Daxinganling associated arc. Ononsky terranes (part of the Mongol-Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt and Transbaikalia volcanic- plutonic belt the Hangay-Dauria and, Khankaisk-Daxinganling Okhotsk collage, and adjacent units). superterrane and the Gobi- (part of the Mongol- intrudes and overlies the Argun-Idermeg intrudes and overlaps the Hangay-Dauria terrane volcanic-plutonic belt that volcanic-plutonic belt that Replacements related to the Mongol-Transbaikalia granitoids related tothe Mongol-Transbaikalia Replacements and granitoids related to South Mongolian volcanic intrudes and overlaps the Hutaguul Gurvansayhan terranes and volcanic basin ( South Mongolia and adjacent collages Major Metallogenic Belts Replacements related to the sills, dikes, and intrus that intrude Asian Veins, dikes, and replacements related to granitoids volcanic intrudes continental margin turbidite terrane Small stitching plutons that formed stage of intrusion of Hangay pl intrudes Dauria and Onon subduction ( Okhotsk collage rocks Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt ( Granitoids related to Selenga sedimentary volcanic plutonic belt (Selenga arc) West Stanovoy terrane. Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Alkali carbonatite intrusions related to plateau basalt the Mino Tamba Chichibu subduction ( Sikhote Tungus plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusions that intrude Asian Granitoids sedimentary plutonic belt (Selenga arc) upper part of the Sino- Korean Platform overlapping the Sino- Korean craton and the Shanxi terrane. West Liaoning-Hebei-

- -

hern

southern northern

Siberia

Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Triassic through Early Jurassic (230-175 Ma)

Central Mongolia Granitoids in the Mongol- Mongolia Mongolia Replacements and Central and eastern Mongolia Russia, eastern Siberia Northwestern Mongolia; Northwestern China Central Mongolia Northern Mongolia

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, Northeast Siberia Japan Russia, Eastern Siberia Central Mongolia

- - - Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) through Middle Triassic (320-230Ma) -

Nb Ta - )

REE;

Besshi Au in -

Zr ; Talc Be skarn; - related

Cu Zr ± - - - Weathering Au, Ag)

Podiform

Pb Basaltic

- Porphyry Cu ± Au); Granitoid- ; sedimentary Mn

± Peralkaline

Mo ( Bayangol); REE

formation -

ite (Khan Bogd); orilsk I, II,

related Au vein related Nb - REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) Ag, Cu) skarn; Sn -

(N ± REE ( Ag massive sulfide ultramafic related Cu

- - Au, Ag) Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; - Li pegmatite; Muscovite Li pegmatite - - ± ± Be greisen, stockwork, and Zr REE Alkaline sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); - W greisen, stockwork, and Zn - - Ti (±Ta, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) PGE - - - - Fe skarn (Korshunovskoye); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Chuktukonskoye); crust carbonatite REE Li (Chuktukonskoye) REE pegmatite (Keketuohai, Ayoubulake) Granitoid (Mongot, Battsengel, Uyanga groups, Sharga Ovoo, Tsagaan Ovoo) Peralkaline granitoid Nb Li pegmatite (Bayangol 1); W Mo quartz vein Porphyry Cu ( related Au vein (Bayan Uul, Unegt) (Avdrant) Cu ( Zn-Pb ( skarn (Oortsog ovoo); Fe skarn;

Fe-Zn skarn (Tomortiin Ovoo); Porphyry Mo (Aryn nuur (Janchivlan); W Peralkaline peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Sn-W greisen, stockwork and quartz vein (Modot, Tsagaan dabaa); REE-Li pegmatite; Ta- Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Sn quartz vein (Khar morit); Nb Metasomat REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Lugiin Gol); granitoid REE Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Sedimentary bauxite (Ke’er) Northern China Stratiform units in the Fe carbonatite (Magan I, Bor Uryach); carbonatite (Gulinskoye I); Phlogopite carbonatite (Odikhimcha) Volcanogenic (Hamayokokawa); chromite (Wakamatsu); Cu (Yanahara) Mafic Ni Oktyabrskoye 3); native Cu (Lake Superior type) (Arylakhskoye) Mo ( (Bolgochtonskoye) Porphyry Cu (Erdenetiin Ovoo, Central, Oyut; Shand; Zuiliin gol)

- -

Ilim

)

BU Angara (AI) Altay (AT) Battsengel Uyanga Erdenedalai (BUE) Buteeliin nuruu ( Delgerhaan (DE) Govi- Ugtaal- Baruun-Urt (GB) Central Hentii (CH) Harmorit Hanbogd Lugiingol (HL) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Maimecha Kotuisk (MK) Mino Tamba Chugoku (MTC) Norilsk (NR) Orhon Selenge (OS) Shanxi (SX) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-17

- - - its through

Mongol Mongol Mongol the the the of event. during generation of during generation of during generation of in Late Triassic d formation of postcollisional an as having formed as having formed as having formed

Belt is hosted . Small plutons hosting REE depos . . Okhotsk Ocean and formation of Okhotsk Ocean and formation Okhotsk Ocean - - - Belt is interpreted collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol Transbaikal arc intruded in a continental Belt is interpreted collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol Transbaikal arc Belt is interpreted collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol Transbaikal arc Early Jurassic alaskite, granite, and alkaline granite. Belt is interpreted as having formed in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic South Mongolian continental margin arc. Transbaikal arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of collisional granitoids during final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of the Mongol- during granitoid intrusion related to extensional margin of the Khentii collisional uplift. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of REE granitoids along transpression zones (Hovd regional fault zone and companion faults) related to transform microplate boundaries and within-plate (plume) environment. syngenetic setting on the ocean floor. Kuroko deposits are interpreted as having formed in an island arc. Deposits were subsequently incorporated intoa subduction zone. intraplate rifting related to magmatism along transtensional zones (Hovd regional fault zone and companion faults) along transformmicroplate boundaries and within-plate (plume) environment. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids during and after collision between the North Asian craton and the Kara superterrane. Belt is hosted in intrusions in tectonic blockswhich are bounded by post- orogenic faults. -

- -

Ar isochron 39 225 Ma. Early Jurassic. Early Jurassic. - and biotite Ar/ or plagioclase 40 and and 223 Ma. - related granite with Rb - opic age of 190.49 Ma and are 220 Ar age of 188 - deposit is associated with late Paleozoic alkaline granite pluton with a Rb-Sr age isotopic of 277 Ma and a K-Ar age of 293 Ma. Ma. The Khanbogd REE-Nb-Zr Late Triassic Deposit Sr isot K Late Triassic. isotopic ages f biotite porphyry granodiorite from Bayan Uul ore field Late Triassic Middle Triassic through Early Jurassic. Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age for the Lugiin gol nepheline syenite pluton is 244 Ma and whole rock-mineral isochron ages are 222 Ma and 180-199 Ma. K-Ar age is 228-242 the Dzulaly stock is 188.0 Ma Middle Triassic through Middle Jurassic. K-Ar isotopic ages of 166-235 Ma for deposit-related Yoroogol gabbro-granite. Triassic and Early Cretaceous. Mn deposits are interpreted as having formed in a of Li-F granite-porphyry in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. Belt is interpreted as having formed during Mesozoic stock are 183 and 188 Ma and a Rb-Sr age is 195 Ma. Rb-Sr age spodumene granite in the Alakha 201.0 Ma and 204.0 for Kalguta pluton. U-Pb isotopic ages for Ta Early Jurassic. Rb-Sr isotopic age for the Chindagatui pluton is 223-233 Ma. Middle and Late Triassic. Age of deposit-related granitoids is about - - ,

17 - 18 the and the Gobi the and - part of the - d and s ( nganling

. .

) ) that intrudes

Okhotsk Transbaikalia Dauria Gobi Mongol - - Daxi Daxinganling - arc arc. - - plutonic belt that plutonic belt and plutonic belt that plutonic belt ane and Transbaikalia Dauria terrane - - - - the r - - Idermeg and ky terrane - ter Hangay Mongol Mongol er part of basin (both part of the volcanic-sedimentary South Mongolia-Khingan and adjacent collages). intrudes and overlaps the Hutaguul-Xilinhot and Gurvansayhan terranes and the Lugyngol overlap granitoids related tothe South Mongolian volcanic-plutonic belt that Replacements an granitoids related to Mongol volcanic intrudes and overlaps Hangay ( Okhotsk collage, adjacent units Granitoids in the Mongol Transbaikalia volcanic plutonic belt the Onons the collage Khankaisk volcanic associated Replacements related to the volcanic intrudes and overlies Argun sup Khankaisk volcanic associated and sedimentary rocks of the Lenivaya-Chelyuskin sedimentary assemblage, Central Taimyr superterrane, Kara superterrane. Replacements associated with granitoids intruding Permian-Triassic volcanic Mino Tamba Chichibu subduction-zone terrane (part of the Honshu- Sikhote-Alin collage). leucogranite that intrude the Altai and Hovd Hovd terranes (both part of the volcanic-plutonic belt. Altai collage). Mongol-Transbaikalia part of the Altai collage). Granitoids and replacements related to the Belokurikha plutonic belt that intrudes the Altai and West Sayan terranes (both

and eastern Russia, northern- Eastern Siberia (Taimyr Peminsula) Japan Western Mongolia Small bodies of Northern Mongolia Granitoids related tothe Russia, southern- eastern Siberia (Gorny Altai Mountains) Mongolia Replacements and Mongolia Central Mongolia Central Mongolia

- - karn; and s

) REE - Fe Be skarn;

Zr ± - Mo Be skarn ± Au); Granitoid ± ± W Li pegmatite; Ta

- (Modot, Tsagaan Mo

± related Nb

Ag, Cu) skarn; Sn - REE ±

Au, Ag) (Mamont River) Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; ± ± REE alkaline metasomatite Pb ( W greisen, stockwork Zn skarn (Tomortiin Ovoo); - - - - and quartz vein (Kolomeitseva River); W (Morzhovoye); Porphyry Cu- Mo ( and quartz vein (Ulaan Uul, W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn (Nodatamagawa); Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) (Taro) W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Tsunheg) Granitoid-related Au vein; Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Boroo, Sujigt, Narantolgoi) alkaline metasomatite (Akalakhinskoye); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Baliktigkhem) and quartz vein (Kalgutinskoye, (Urzarsaiskoye); Ta-Nb-REE W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, REE-Li pegmatite Metasomatite (Khan Bogd); REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe) carbonatite (Lugiin Gol); Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE; Sn quartz vein dabaa); Nb (Janchivlan); Peralkaline peralkaline granitoid (Avdrant) Porphyry Cu ( related Au vein (Bayan Uul, Unegt) Fe Cu ( Zn skarn (Oortsog ovoo); Porphyry Mo (Aryn nuur Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Khar morit); Ta- Nb-REE Alkaline

Urt -

North Kitakami Mongol Altai North Taimyr (NT) (NK) (MA) North Hentii (NH) Kalgutinsk (KG) Central Hentii (CH) Delgerhaan (DE) Govi Ugtaal Baruun (GB) Harmorit- Hanbogd- Lugiingol (HL) C-18 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

rtzite consist age in the shallow as having with are long an

- st facies. xes. ive subduction as having

thers (Onot

Okhotsk a - erplume fragment of North Asian . Magmatic bearing schist - with amphibole derived in ultramafic Khanui Series. - the in a Baikalskoye during oblique as having formed in an act craton plagioclase schist, complex composed are interpreted - e the along a spreading are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - magnetite quartzite occur - are interpreted the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) pyroxen and sillimanite - magnetite hypersthene layers. - - banded iron formation deposits magmatism on Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted deposits are hosted subduction zone as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits

as related to mantle sup as related to mantle Baits deposits) are Proterozoic ns fragments of oceanic crust hosted Mn deposits. Deposits and host Trapp - as having formed continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - under the southern margin of the Siberian belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a carbonatite and kimberlite comple pyroxene gneiss - - Benxi and Jiapigou areas elt contai Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist c volcanic rock in the Permian pment of –

interpreted B plate . outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the magmatism on North Asian

. is

eposit) are Mn deposits are interpreted as having formedin syngenetic setting on the ocean floor. Besshi and Cyprus deposits are interpreted as having formedduring submarine volcanism related to spreading ridge. Deposits were subsequently incorporated into a subduction zone. Belt is interpreted as having formed in granitoids generated above a mantle plume in an extensional tectonic setting. Belt is related to Late Triassic through Early Jurassic alkaline to subalkaline granite. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of ultramafic and gabbroic plutons during underthrusting of the Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. Belt is interpreted as having formed during accretion of the Okhotsk terrane to the North Asiancraton margin. deformed Late Carboniferous and Permian rocks in the western South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Au quartz veins are slightly older than large anatectic granitic plutons of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate extensional tectonism along the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling transpressional arc with generation of subalkaline to alkaline volcanism and related sedimentation. Belt occurs in the Minorsk-Kiderikinsk zone of highly Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted magmatism that resulted in widespread development of Trapp rocks include tholeiite, diabase, trachybasalt, melanonephelinite volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, and ijolite Belt is hosted in a of marine sedimentary and volcanic rock, and fragments of oceanic crust with ultramafic rock. Besshi deposits are interpreted ridge. podiform chromite rocks, and chert rocks were subsequently incorporated into zone Belt is interpreted superplume magmatism that resulted in widespread develo craton Belt is interpreted subduction of oceanic crust of the Mongol Ocean continent. Basaltic Cu hosted in basalt and trachybasalt in mafi Belt formed during weathering of metamorphic rocks of the Northern China Platform. Bauxite deposits hosted in karst and lagoonal basins in a littoral sea. - -

in is

Mo Ar- Ar - the 3.0 - .8

40 - - om 00 age the Sr

- Onot 2.6 Ga., Erdenet -

from 249 Sutam of deposit 241.0 Ar isotopic the 250 Ma.

Ar isotopic 39 - - are in the through ange ages Nd isotopic 210 Ma. K Early Triassic. in the - Ar/ sericite 240 - of related granite -

40 ultramafic rocks - Metamorphic age . - and lder) . 3.12 Ga. - artz Isotopic age of Sr, Sm 190 Ma. Explosive a. - hean -

grade part of probably older than 2 G c -

Ma for white mica fr Pb zircon isotopic age for Ar isotopic Ar isochron isotopic age of f deposit an. Sharyzhalgay series has -

is Ar 39 39 210 o 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 Norilsk district ly Triassic. s s - - Pb, Rb nnsylvanian Ar isotopic ages of 327 Ma and a. U - Ar/ Ar/ Middle Jurassic or younger. Early Jurassic through Campanian. Age of submarine basaltic volcanism and related Besshi-type deposits is interpreted as between 200 and 140 Ma. Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. deposit potassic feldspar, respectively. 157-177 Ma for intrusion and Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic ages of about 160 Ma age Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic age of 157.8 Ma for the Wudaoling quartz porphyry. 39 Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Late Permian 40 related intrusions r 253 Ma. Permian (or o Jurassic. Ear ages for mafic the 245.3 Ma. Isotopic age for Cu deposits is 223.3 Ma Triassic. Qu metasomatite of the Erdenetiin Ovoo deposit has K age breccia has age age range from 185 40 207± 2 highest mine. Pe Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

in ). . 16

- . - d West -

) - . , Jilin - ) and ) the

Selenga - Sino in the Shanxi craton craton Sino

Hebei North and -

include Tungus that intrude afic craton craton greenstone the

craton craton volcanic - . the

- zone terrane Honshu the - in the Hebei East Shandong the orthogneiss trondhjemite - - - - Alin collage derived from the the Platform craton

- ultram craton - Asian granite Korean Korean - -

alite . North Asian craton - Erduosi terrane, Solon terrane, and adjacent units collage), and Sambagawa metamorphic terrane (part of the Honshu-Sikhote- Alin collage). Granitoids related to the Alashan-Yinshan Triassic plutonic belt (too small to show at 15 M scale) that intrudes the Sino-Korean collage), Mino Tamba Chichibu subduction-zone terrane (part of the Honshu-Sikhote-Alin Shimanto subduction-zone terrane (part of the Sakhalin-Hokkaido (North Asian) craton margin. Veins in the Verkhoyansk collage). Replacements related to small granitoids in the Mesozoic Jihei volcanic and plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies the Zhangguangcailing superterrane, Zhangguangcailing sedimentary overlap assemblage, and adjacent units. Samarka subduction-zone terrane (part of the Honshu-Sikhote-Alin part of Major Metallogenic Belts Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Alkali carbonatite intrusions related to plateau basalt the Mino Tamba Chichibu subduction ( Sikhote Tungus plateau basalt, sills, dikes, and intrusions that intrude Asian Granitoids sedimentary plutonic belt (Selenga arc) Stratiform units in the upper part of Korean overlapping Korean West Liaoning Shanxi terrane.

- -

hern southern northern Siberia

Major Metallogenic Belts, Late Triassic through Early Jurassic (230-175 Ma)

Major Metallogenic Belts,Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous (175-96 Ma) China Northwestern and North-Central Japan Northeastern China Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Plutons intrudingthe

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, Northeast Siberia Japan Russia, Eastern Siberia Central Mongolia Northern China

V) -

Besshi Au in

; Talc Cu - Au, Ag) Be skarn Podiform

Pb ±

Basaltic -

Porphyry Cu ;

Mo sedimentary Mn

- Mo ( ±

formation - orilsk I, II,

Ag, Cu) skarn (Ergu- ± REE (±Ta, Nb, Fe)

(N Ag massive sulfide ultramafic related Cu - Au, Ag) - ± sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Zn Ti (±Ta, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) PGE - - - Alkaline complex-hosted Au; (Dongping); Au potassium metasomatite (Hadamen); Granitoid-related Au vein Xishan); W Zn-Pb ( sulfide (Besshi); Volcanogenic- sedimentary Mn (Ananai); Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Okuki) (Wudaoling); Fe skarn (Chuihongshan) Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Yur, Nekur, Bular); Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Muromets); Au in black shale (Svetly) (Ariadnoe, Koksharovskoe) Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr- PGE (Katenskoe); Mafic- ultramafic related Ti-Fe (+ Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Fe carbonatite (Magan I, Bor Uryach); carbonatite (Gulinskoye I); Phlogopite carbonatite (Odikhimcha) Volcanogenic (Hamayokokawa); chromite (Wakamatsu); Cu (Yanahara) Mafic Ni Oktyabrskoye 3); native Cu (Lake Superior type) (Arylakhskoye) Mo ( (Bolgochtonskoye) Porphyry Cu (Erdenetiin Ovoo, Central, Oyut; Shand; Zuiliin gol) Sedimentary bauxite (Ke’er)

Wulashan- Zhangbei (WZ) Bindong (BD) (SCS) Shimanto Sambagawa -Chichibu- Allakh-Yun' Ariadny (AY) (AR) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Maimecha Kotuisk (MK) Mino Tamba Chugoku (MTC) Norilsk (NR) Orhon Selenge (OS) Shanxi (SX) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-19 Daxinganling transpressional arc during late-stage of closing and after closing of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Interpreted as having formed during subalkaline and alkaline granitoid magmatism associated with transform- continental margin faulting (Mongok-Okhotsk and related faults) and associated Trans-Baikalian- Belt is interpreted as having formed during Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous extensional tectonism associated with generation of the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling transpressional arc.Belt is controlled by major, regional northeast-and northwest-trending faults. Belt is interpreted as having formed in the Uda- Stanovoy continental-margin arc that was related to subduction and closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean beneath the North Asian craton to the north. craton with associated regional metamorphism and generation of anatectic high-alumina granitoids. Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate back-arc setting with formation a series of volcanic and sedimentary basins and sub-alkaline to alkaline granite. The basins and granitoids are controlled by northeast- north-northeast and east-west striking regional faults that reflect the pre-Mesozoic structures. related to subduction and closure of the Mongol- Okhotsk Ocean beneath the North Asian craton to the north. Belt is hosted in subalkaline and alkaline plutonic rocks, including plutons, stocks, and sills of syenite, monzonite, granosyenite, alkali gabbro, and volcanic analogues, as well as zoned alkali-ultramafic plutons. extensional tectonism along the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling transpressional arc. The extension is interpreted as occurring during the Late Jurassic in a of the Uda-Stanovoy continental-margin arc that was topic range of mica at s Ar iso - age K

isotopic 143 Ma. - Ar - Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Isotopic ages of 180- 170 Ma and 145-140 Ma for Gudjir complex granitoids. Early Cretaceous. Late Jurassic through early Neocomian. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Gold deposits and occurrences with isotopic ages of 190-180 Ma and 165-175 Ma. K- Ar isotopic age for sericite at Ulaan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is 161 Ma. K Dornot uranium deposit from 141 age of the granodioritic porphyry is 164 Ma. pluton. Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 148.31 Ma for the Aobaodaba granite porphyry. Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Belt is interpreted as having formed in the back-arc part Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Alubaogeshan granite porphyry has isotopic age of 149 Ma. Duerji granite complex has a Sr age of 125 Ma for the Baerzhe U-Pb zircon age of 150 Ma. Rb- 20 21 - and - - terrane, Argun and adjacent super Khankaisk

- dermeg Stanovoy granite beltthat intrudes the Tynda terrane (Stanovoy block) and Dzugdzur anorthositic belt (both part of the North Asian craton). margin of Kolyma- Omolon superterrane. intrudes the southern Veins and replacements in the Main granite belt that Asian craton and the Central Aldan superterrane. Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt. Replacements and granitoids related tothe South Yakutian subalkaline and alkaline igneous belt (part of the Stanovoy plutonic belt) that intrudes the North Veins, replacements, and granitoids related to tothe Trans-Baikalian-

(both part of the Yenisey- Transbaikal collage). Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Dzhid, Hamar-Davaa and the Orhon-Ikatsky terranes Veins, replacements, and plutons related to the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- Veins, volcanic complexes, replacements, and granitoids related to the Trans-Baikalian- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes I Gobi Daxinganling volcanic plutonic belt units. Russia, Far East Granitoids related tothe Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, southern Yakutia Northeastern China (Great Xingan Mountains) Russia, western Transbaikalia; northern Mongolia Mongolia; Northeastern China Russia, eastern Transbaikalia; Central and eastern Ag, ± - metal - - - Be - Ag Cu ( - base - ± - Mo W, Bi); mentary - ; Porphyry ± hosted - W

W greisen, Carbonate

- sogt) Sb; Fluorspar vein Au metasomatite related Au vein - Au, Ag) - hosted Au - Ag, Cu) skarn -

± ± Tument Mo ( - Ag, Cu, W) skarn; Au skarn W, Bi) (Shakhtaminskoye); ± ± epithermal vein (Guandi) Granitoid-related Au vein (Zolotaya Gora) Zn-Pb ( (Baiyinnuoer); Sn skarn; Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork (Maodeng); Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork (Meng'entaolegai, Aonaodaba); Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE (Baerzhe); Au-Ag Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork (Kere- Yuryakh); Sn-B (Fe) skarn (ludwigite) (Titovskoe); Granitoid-related Au vein (Chuguluk, Nenneli) Au potassium metasomatite (Kuranakh); Au skarn (Klin); U-Au (El’kon group); Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Krutoy); Charoite metasomatite (Murunskoye)

( (Savinskoye-5, Bayandun); (Klichkinskoye, Vozdvizhenskoye); Zn-Pb Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Fluorspar vein (Naranskoye); Magmatic and metasomatic apatite (Oshurkovskoye) and quartz vein (Dzhida, Bulagtai); Granitoid-related Au vein; Au skarn (Tavt, Teshig 1); Porphyry Mo ( W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic metasomatite (Tsav, Jiawula); Volcanic metasomatite (Novo Shirokinskoye); greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein ( Cu (Wunugetushan); Porphyry Mo ( Granitoid (Urliin Ovoo); hosted As (Zapokrovskoye); Au epithermal vein (Noni, Tsagaanchuluut khudag II, Erentaolegai); Sedi siderite Fe; Sn stockwork, and quartz vein (Baga Gazar); Carbonate hosted Hg (Solonechnoye); Volcanic hosted U

Djeltu- laksky (DL) Daxingan- ling (DX) Chybaga- lakh (CH) Chara- Aldan (CA) East Mongolian- Priargun- skiy- Deerbugan (EM) Dzid- Selenginskiy (DS) C-20 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

. by as in the

- rtzite consist age in the - is Belt through as having long an in st facies.

ive as having - thers (Onot e. stage of

trolled - proven Au during Oceanic fragment of bearing schist - craton margin with amphibole ng ridge. trending faults. con the Baikalian generation of sub margin arc and Okhotsk Ocean. granitoids Baikalian - - - - - ikalian in a in Baikalskoye Okhotsk and during accretion of during generation of during interplate as having formed in an act - insk zone of highly

plagioclase schist, r of Ba during interplate during intrusion of during Middle elt is are interpreted - - , some large and with e the B 2 related vein Au are interpreted

hypersthene and -

greenstone belts - to Late Triassic magnetite quartzite occur Mongol - are interpreted Kiderik during subalkaline and the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) - the pyroxen and sillimanite and northwest - magnetite hypersthene layers. - - - banded iron formation deposits along the Trans Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits Minorsk

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic as having formed as having formed as having formed bsequently incorporated into a

interpreted as having formed Belt is related Eurasian continental plate. Belt

continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - are the interpreted as having formed belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a

in the pyroxene gneiss as having formed - are Benxi and Jiapigou areas twenty relatively large volcanic basins. Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is eposit) are Mn deposits syngenetic setting on the ocean floor. Besshi and Cyprus deposits submarine volcanism related to spreadi Deposits were su subduction zone. Belt is interpreted generated above a mantle plume in an extensional tectonic setting. Early Jurassic alkaline to subalkaline granit Belt is interpreted the Okhotsk terrane to the North Asian Belt occurs deformed Late Carboniferous and Permian rocks western South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Au quartz veins are slightly older than large anatectic granitic plutons of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Belt is interpreted ultramafic and gabbroic plutons during underthrusting of the Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. Belt is interpreted extensional tectonism Daxinganling transpressional arc alkaline to alkaline volcanism and related sedimentation. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet sedimentary U deposits and occurrences formed in the latest stage of a late Mesozoic continental rift. The gypsum deposits and occurrences formed in continental evaporite basins. arc terranes. Units and structures part of the Trans- Baikalian-Daxinganling transpressional arc. The belt that developed on the Idermeg passive continental margin, Govi-Altai turbidite, and Mandal-Ovoo island (Aptian-Albian) and local Paleogene sedimentary rocks deposited in grabens and depressions that overlap the Mesozoic Eastern-Mongolian-Preargune continental rift Belt is interpreted as having formed inEarly Cretaceous Belt is interpreted magmatism associated with extensional tectonism related to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate beneath hosted in contains more than 200 granitoid deposits in a district of 23,000 km superlarge, that comprise one quarte reserve in China. Belt is interpreted granitoids associated with a continental siliceous magmatism. Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate extensional tectonism along the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling transpressional arc. Interpreted alkaline granitoid magmatism associated with transform continental margin faulting (Mongok related faults) and associated Trans Daxinganling transpressional arc during late closing and after closing of Belt is interpreted Jurassic to Early Cretaceous extensional tectonism associated with generation of the Trans Daxinganling transpressional arc. major, regional northeast - -

- is

the 3.0 .8

- 40 00 age the . Sr

- 161 Onot 2.6 Ga., ages of - is Early

related s of 180 interpreted Early Early Sutam - opic ages of 175 Ma. K

is 327 Ma and - Early in the rusion and younger of sericite at

Nd isotopic (Aptian through Early in the - isotopic Wudaoling

140 Ma for hrough through and through t - for Ar isot Ar isotopic age of Metamorphic age through

- - and . Zn deposit the 3.12 Ga. through Early

- -

age

Isotopic age of Ar isotopic ages of . . Sr, Sm - Pb a. - - hean probably older than 2 G c type deposits . K

Pb zircon isotopic age for - an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is 10 Ma for deposit Ar 177 Ma for int 1 180 Ma and 165 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

- - - - isotopic Pb, Rb between 200 and 140 Ma. a. U - Ar isotopic ages Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Early Jurassic Campanian. Age of submarine basaltic volcanism and related Besshi as Middle Jurassic or 39 157 deposit potassic feldspar, respectively. Late Jurassic Cretaceous Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. K about 160 Ma age Late Jurassic Cretaceous. K 157.8 Ma for quartz porphyry. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous Early Cretaceous Albian) 120 granitic rocks in the Kitakami Mountains. age of the granodioritic porphyry is 164 Ma. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. Isotopic age 170 Ma and 145 Gudjir complex granitoids. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. Gold deposits and occurrences with 190 Ar Ulaan Ag Ma. K-Ar isotopic ages of mica at Dornot uranium deposit range from 141-143 Ma. K-Ar isotopic Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

in ). 19

22 21 - ,

the part , s zone zone - - the d West - zone the -

Early

- that Alin - . art of - . the - , Jilin - ) ) and ) - - and the Korean , the the Korean (p - ) Alin Alin - part of in the Shanxi Yenisey craton d to Dzhid - -

- - terrane the the the (

East Sikhote part of to and . craton - Tamba - in the

include hat overlies

)

craton craton greenstone Liaoning ( - the volcanic volcanic craton craton . the Sambagawa - - intruding Verkhoyansk

Sikhote - - ) Bureya Sino - replacements, Baikalian subduction Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss subduction collage Hokkaido -

trondhjemite subduction - - - Yinshan Triassic -

Sikhote Sikhote - supterterrane) derived from the part of part of part of the . - Mino , Mino Tamba , and . Jilin Davaa

- -

Erduosi terrane, ) Ikatsky terrane ) ) ) - . - ( ( ( - Baikalian -

Honshu

part of errane, Asian - granite in the Korean Korean

Liaoning Guoershan . - - - aceous Hiroshima the alite - Honshu Trans the imanto hichibu nd intrudes Sino part of both Major Metallogenic Belts collages). South Mongolia-Khingan and Yenisey-Transbaikal Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Dzhida, Govi Altai, Mandalovoo- Onor terranes (parts of the Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies the Tsagaan Trans-Baikalian- related to latite and lamprophyre dikes in the Trans-Baikalian- Uul Atasbogd Solon terrane Solon collage Replacements and granitoids related to Jilin Shandong volcanic plutonic belt that overlies a craton East Shandong terrane Replacements Cret granitic belt South Kitakami ( Jiamusi and Chichibu terranes the collage Veins and replacements Daxinganling volcanic- plutonic belt and adjacent units. Veins, replacements, and plutons related Trans Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt t and intrudes Hamar Orhon ( Transbaikal collage Veins, volcanic complexes, and granitoids related to the Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes Argun- Idermeg superterrane, and Gobi-Khankaisk- Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Sh terrane Sakhalin collage C terrane Honshu collage metamorphic terrane ( of Alin collage Granitoids relate Alashan plutonic belt (too small to show at 15 M scale) intrudes the craton Solon terrane, and adjacent units Veins (North Asian) margin Plutons intruding Samarka terrane Honshu collage Replacements related to small granitoids in the Mesozoic Jihei volcanic and plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Zhangguangcailing supert Zhangguangcailing sedimentary overlap assemblage, and adjacent units

hern - Mongolia and eastern western southern

Siberia

Central

Major Metallogenic Belts,Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous (175-96 Ma) erkhoyansk Southern Mongolia Stratiform units in the Southern Mongolia; Northwestern China Northeastern China Japan Russia, Transbaikalia; northern Russia, eastern Transbaikalia; Central Mongolia; Northeastern China

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Japan Northwestern and North China Russia, East Central Yakutia (V area) Russia, Far East Northeastern China

- ±

- -

Zn - V)

- Cu b

+ ,

- hosted P Au in related - - Pb

; Talc - - related Au Cu Fe ( - - W, Bi); - ± hosted Au; Pb Fe, Au, Ag,

- Be skarn - ± ± ramafic Cr

ranitoid

Ag massive 5, Bayandun); Fe skarn - Carbonate G -

ult

formation

Au potassium Mo

- Hosted Ag

base metal Granitoid hosted metasomatite related Au vein Zn massive sulfide ± - - Au, Ag)

Zn - - - related Au vein Ag, Cu) skarn - ± - (Oya) Ag, Cu) skarn (Ergu ± Be greisen, stockwork, (Zuun Togoo Uul);

carbonate (Listvenite) ± Ag, Au) vein and Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn - ± ± Sb Pb ( Porphyry Mo ( Mo sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); - - - W, Bi) (Shakhtaminskoye); Ag, Cu, W) skarn; Au skarn Pb ( ; iaojia); Polymetallic Pb - ± ± epithermal vein (Biluut); Porphyry Mo; W±Mo±Be Au) vein and stockwork (Harmorit, Khartolgoi); Khoit Barjin); Ag-Pb skarn (Qiyishan); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Au-Ag epithermal vein (Biluut, Sedimentary celestite (Horgo uul); Volcanic-hosted zeolite (Tsagaantsav) Sediment-hosted U (Haraat); Evaporite sedimentary gypsum (Shiree Uul, Taragt-2); Carbonate (Hartolgoi); Hg Silica Hg Zn (Huanren); Cu ( Mo) skarn (Huatong); Granitoid (J Cu ( stockwork (Ermi); Volcanic hosted Au metasomatite (Liujiapuzhi) Cu ( (Kamaishi); Au vein (Zapokrovskoye); Au-Ag epithermal vein (Noni, Tsagaanchuluut khudag II, Erentaolegai); Sedimentary siderite Fe; Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Baga Gazar); Carbonate- hosted Hg-Sb; Fluorspar vein (Solonechnoye); Volcanic- hosted U hosted As-Au metasomatite Granitoid-related Au vein (Urliin Ovoo); Carbonate- (Wunugetushan); Porphyry Mo ( greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Tumentsogt); Porphyry Cu-Mo ( metasomatite (Novo- Shirokinskoye); W-Mo-Be W and quartz vein (Dzhida Bulagtai); vein; Au skarn (Tavt, Teshig 1) Fluorspar vein (Naranskoye); Magmatic and metasomatic apatite (Oshurkovskoye) Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate (Klichkinskoye, Vozdvizhenskoye); Zn ( (Savinskoye Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite (Tsav, Jiawula); Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Besshi Cu sulfide (Besshi); Volcanogenic sedimentary Mn (Ananai); Cyprus Cu (Okuki) Alkaline complex (Dongping); metasomatite (Hadamen); Granitoid Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Yur, Nekur, Bular); (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Muromets); Au in black shale (Svetly) Zoned mafic PGE (Katenskoe); Mafic ultramafic related Ti (Ariadnoe, Koksharovskoe) Zn Xishan); W (Wudaoling); (Chuihongshan)

Yun'

Hartolgoi- Sulinheer (HS) (GT) Govi- Tamsag Jiliaolu (JLL) Kitakami (KK) Dzid Selenginskiy (DS) East Mongolian Priargun skiy Deerbugan (EM) Chichibu BD) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Sambagawa - Shimanto (SCS) Wulashan Zhangbei (WZ) Allakh (AY) Ariadny (AR) Bindong ( Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-21 - - - Umlekan Cretaceous Ovoo island the - Early Baikalian - with acific Ocean plate

during interplate , some large and 2

Preargune continental rift - Idermeg passive continental ancestral P margin arc that formed during - the Mongolian as having formed as having formed te Mesozoic continental rift. The -

) and local Paleogene sedimentary rocks Altai turbidite, and Mandal - continental Daxinganling transpressional arc. The

Albian - interpreted as having formed in formed along the North Asian craton margin during collision and accretion of outboard terranes. craton and associated regional metamorphism. Belt occurs in a complex fold and thrust structure with refolded recumbent isoclines. Host rocksare metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. Daxinganling transpressional arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed during intrusion of mafic-ultramafic plutons along a deep-seated fault that Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian Belt is interpreted Ogodzhin subduction of part of that is now preserved as tectonically interwoven fragments of the Badzhal, Khabarovsk, and Samarka terranes. Belt is interpreted as related to magmatism along transtensional zones along transform microplate boundaries and within-plate (plume) environment. Belt is related to granitoids inthe Trans-Baikalian- siliceous magmatism. deposits in a district of 23,000 km Belt is interpreted as having formed during intrusion of granitoids associated with a continental-margin arc and Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate magmatism associated with extensional tectonism related to oblique subduction of the PacificOceanic plate beneath the Eurasian continental plate. Beltis hosted in twenty relatively large volcanic basins.Belt contains more than 200 granitoid-related vein Au superlarge, that comprise one quarter of the proven Au reserve in China. Belt is (Aptian deposited in grabens and depressions that overlap the Mesozoic Eastern belt that developed on the margin, Govi arc terranes. Units and structures part of the Trans Baikalian sedimentary U deposits and occurrences formed in the latest stage of a la gypsum deposits and occurrences formed in continental evaporite basins. Belt is interpreted extensional tectonism along the Trans Daxinganling transpressional arc. Ar 39 Ar- Ar isotopic 40 39

. Early Early Ar- and and 40 s. retaceous. Late Jurassic through Early Neocomian. Deposit-related granite has a isotopic age of 127 Ma for the alkalic mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks at Ingagli. age of 103 Ma. Early Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic ages for the zoned mafic- ultramafic intrusions in the Kondyor metallogenic belt range from 110-160 Ma. Middle Jurassic thorugh Early Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. granitic rocks in the Kitakami Mountains. 120-110 Ma for deposit-related Late Jurassic C Late Jurassic Cretaceou Early Cretaceous (Aptian through Albian). K-Ar isotopic ages of - - - - the 23 22 - - , nts Nora ) of the - in the part of Khingan and ( Dzhida, Tsagaan - - - part in the parts of ( Umlekam

the Transbaikal volcanic volcanic the the Okhotsk - - - - atite and Khingan the Duobaoshan gansk and, -

- .

part of the South ) , and Tukuringra . ) ) phyre dikes ( hin Baikalian Baikalian and replaceme - - iform units ongolia terrane (part of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma collage). Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps the West Stanovoy terrane, Barguzin-Vitim granitoid belt, and Selenga sedimentary-volcanic plutonic belt. Veins in the Kular-Nera Granitoids and replacements related to the Trans-Baikalian- Veins and granitoids related to Ogodzhin volcanic plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps Malok Turan terranes ( Bureya superterrane Gonzha terrane, Sukhotin terrane M collage Dzhagdy terrane the Mongol collage intrusions intruded alonga major fault cutting the North Asian craton and northeastern part of the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy terrane (part of the Mongol-Okhotsk collage). collage). Shandong volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes Sino-Korean craton - Jilin-Liaoning- East Shandong terrane Solon terrane (part of Solon collage). the Honshu-Sikhote-Alin Jilin-Liaoning-East Atasbogd collage), and Cretaceous Hiroshima granitic belt intruding the South Kitakami terrane Jiamusi supterterrane), Chichibu terranes (part of Replacements and granitoids related to the Strat Trans Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes Govi Altai, Mandalovoo Onor terranes South Mongolia and Yenisey collages Veins related to l lampro Trans Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Uul-Guoershan (part of Replacements in the Early (part of the Bureya- and the Mino-Tamba-

r East

Russia, eastern Transbaikalia Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Fa Russia, Far East Mafic-ultramafic Northeastern China Southern Mongolia Southern Mongolia; Northwestern China Japan

Horgo related Au - 2); - Pb

Fe, Au, Ag, Zn ± Cu (±Ag, ± - hosted zeolite W±Mo±Be -

Granitoid hosted U (Haraat);

- Ag, Cu) skarn ± etallic Pb Ag, Au) vein and Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Volcanic

± ± Ag epithermal vein Ag epithermal vein (Biluut, - - greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Muoklakanskoye); Fluorspar vein (Usuglinskoye) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Emelyanovskoye); Granitoid-related Au vein (Novoe); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Tirekhtyak district) Granitoid-related Au vein (Darasunskoye); W-Mo-Be Au (Pioneer); vein (Pokrovskoe) Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr- PGE (Kondyor) (Hartolgoi); Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb (Zuun Togoo Uul); Silica-carbonate (Listvenite) Hg Sediment Evaporite sedimentary gypsum (Shiree Uul, Taragt Sedimentary celestite ( uul); (Tsagaantsav) Au Khoit Barjin); Ag epithermal vein (Biluut); Porphyry Mo; skarn (Qiyishan); Polym Au) vein and stockwork (Harmorit, Khartolgoi); Carbonate-Hosted Ag-Pb (Huanren); Cu ( Zn-Pb ( Mo) skarn (Huatong); Granitoid-related Au vein (Jiaojia); Polymetallic Pb-Zn Cu ( stockwork (Ermi); Volcanic- hosted Au-base metal metasomatite (Liujiapuzhi) (Kamaishi); Granitoid-related Au vein (Oya) Cu (

Kular (KU) Nerchinsky (NC) Kondyor- Feklistov North Bureya (NB) (KD) Govi Tamsag (GT) Hartolgoi Sulinheer (HS) Jiliaolu Kitakami (JLL) (KK) C-22 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

. elt

. B

in the ring

- rtzite consist age in the - through as having long an

- in st facies.

ive as having thers (Onot e.

Uda are during fragment of subduction and bearing schist - seated fault that craton margin with amphibole ng ridge. - Baikalian generation of sub granitoids microplate - margin du in a during intrusion of during collision of in Baikalian Baikalskoye during accretion of during generation of during interplate as having formed in an act - insk zone of highly

plagioclase schist,

during are interpreted - with e the are interpreted

hypersthene and craton

greenstone belts - nsform to Late Triassic magnetite quartzite occur Trans - are interpreted (plume) environment. Kiderik the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) - the along a deep

. pyroxen and sillimanite lated to magmatism along - magnetite hypersthene layers. plate - Okhotsk Ocean beneath the North - - - margin arc banded iron formation deposits along the Trans Archean sequences; o - in the are interpreted the greenschist facies. as having formed as having formed as having formed in the on superterrane and the North Asian

as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits Minorsk

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic to bsequently incorporated into a

within interpreted as having formed Belt is related

continental margin, or zones along tra in oceanic rifts along a continental - to the north Omol are al - interpreted as having formed belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a

continental-margin arc that formed during in the continental-margin arc during subduction of

pyroxene gneiss

- are Benxi and Jiapigou areas Sosnovy - ultramafic plutons craton in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist and associated regional metamorphism. Belt - –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the re of the Mongol tension is related to granitoids in eposit) are subduction of part of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate that is now preserved as tectonically interwoven fragments of the Badzhal, Khabarovsk, and Samarka terranes. Belt is interpreted mafic formed along the North Asian collision and accretion of outboard terranes. Belt is interpreted the Kolyma craton occurs in a complex fold and thrust structure with refolded recumbent isoclines. Host rocks metamorphosed Belt is interpreted as re trans boundaries and is Daxinganling transpressional arc. Belt is interpreted as having formed with the Umlekan- Ogodzhin part of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate that is now preserved as tectonically interwoven fragments of the Badzhal, Khabarovsk, and Samarka terranes. Belt is interpreted Stanovoy continental closu Asian Belt is interpreted as having formed with the Umlekan- Ogodzhin Belt is interpreted as related to magmatism along transpression zones along transform microplate boundaries and within-plate (plume) environments. Mn deposits syngenetic setting on the ocean floor. Besshi and Cyprus deposits submarine volcanism related to spreadi Deposits were su subduction zone. Belt is interpreted generated above a mantle plume in an extensional tectonic setting. Early Jurassic alkaline to subalkaline granit Belt is interpreted the Okhotsk terrane to the North Asian Belt occurs deformed Late Carboniferous and Permian rocks western South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Au quartz veins are slightly older than large anatectic granitic plutons of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Belt is interpreted ultramafic and gabbroic plutons during underthrusting of the Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. Belt is interpreted extensional tectonism Daxinganling transpressional arc alkaline to alkaline volcanism and related sedimentation. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet -

the 3.0 .8

- 40 00 age the . Sr Ar - Onot 2.6 Ga.,

- Early 39 - Early - interpreted Sutam Early related opic ages of Ar isotopic Ar - - Ar isotopic

is 327 Ma and 40 in the

39 rusion and younger

of - .

Nd isotopic Early in the thorugh - Wudaoling

through

Ar Ar isot Ar isotopic age of Metamorphic age through through

- - 40 and . of 127 Ma for the

the 3.12 Ga. through Early

Isotopic age of . 160 Ma. Sr, Sm - a. - hean has a probably older than 2 G c type deposits

Pb zircon isotopic age for - an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 177 Ma for int 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

- - Pb, Rb between 200 and 140 Ma. a. U - Ar isotopic ages Early Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Siliceous and mafic volcanic rocks at Ciweigou Au- Ag epithermal deposit have a Rb- Sr isochron age of 147.5 Ma. Early Cretaceous. K ages for the zoned mafic ultramafic intrusions in the Kondyor metallogenic belt range from 110 isotopic age alkalic mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks at Ingagli. Late Jurassic Neocomian. Deposit granite age of 103 Ma. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous. Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Early Jurassic Campanian. Age of submarine basaltic volcanism and related Besshi as Middle Jurassic or 39 157 deposit potassic feldspar, respectively. Late Jurassic Cretaceous Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. K about 160 Ma age Late Jurassic Cretaceous. K 157.8 Ma for quartz porphyry. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

. . a ) )

the

24 23 in ). 19 -

- part the zone zone the d West - zone the the

- that - - South North . Nera and , Jilin ) and ) - the - Korean Alin Alin - in the Shanxi - craton d to the the the the the - -

- the the the ting the

Sikhote Kolyma craton . the Tynda - - include

volcanic

) craton craton craton greenstone Kular craton craton . Dzhagdy - Sambagawa Nora Dzhagdy - Verkhoyansk

) - - Sino Khingan Duobaoshan the - subduction Hebei East Shandong - orthogneiss subduction Okhotsk collage and Hokkaido Okhotsk collage part of part of part of trondhjemite

subduction - - the - part of part of , Yinshan Triassic - . -

- Sikhote Sikhote - derived from the part of part of part of ) - in , Mino Tamba , and . ( ( )

- -

Erduosi terrane, ( ( ultramafic craton Baikalian ) ) ) . ( ( ( - - in the - Honshu

errane, Asian granite in the Korean Korean

. - - alite the imanto hichibu superterrane, the Gonzha Ogodzhin volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps the Malokhingansk terrane, the Turan terrane of the Bureya-Jiamusi terrane, Sukhot terrane Mongolia collage Tukuringra terrane ( Mongol Granitoids related to Stanovoy granite belt intruding terrane Asian related to the Umlekam- belt that overlies the North and Zhangguangcailing superterrane. Replacements related to Late Jurassic and Early granitoids intrudingthe North Margin plutonic China Platform and Laoling terrane (part of the Wundurmiao collage) Major Metallogenic Belts terrane (part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage), and Tukuringra- Dzhagdy terrane (part of the Mongol-Okhotsk collage). Bureya superterrane), Gonzha terrane, and Nora- Sukhotin-Duobaoshan Ogodzhin volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps the Malokhingansk and, Turan terranes (part of the related to the Umlekam- Mafic intrusions intruded along major fault cut North Asian northeastern part of Tukuringra terrane Mongol Veins terrane Verkhoyansk collage Granitoids and replacements related to Trans Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps the West Stanovoy terrane, Barguzin-Vitim granitoid belt, and Selenga sedimentary-volcanic plutonic belt. Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Sh terrane Sakhalin collage C terrane Honshu collage metamorphic terrane ( of Alin collage Granitoids relate Alashan plutonic belt (too small to show at 15 M scale) intrudes the craton Solon terrane, and adjacent units Veins (North Asian) margin Plutons intruding Samarka terrane Honshu collage Replacements related to small granitoids in the Mesozoic Jihei volcanic and plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Zhangguangcailing supert Zhangguangcailing sedimentary overlap assemblage, and adjacent units

- hern - southern

Siberia Central

Major Metallogenic Belts,Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous (175-96 Ma) erkhoyansk Russia, Far East Russia, Far East Veins and granitoids Northeastern China Russia, Far East Veins and granitoids Russia, Far East Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, eastern Transbaikalia

- - V)

+ Be

- - Au in

ein ; Talc v Cu Fe (

- Mo

- ) - hosted Au; Pb

- Be skarn W - W, Bi) Ag epithermal

± ramafic Cr ±

ed Au vein

Ag massive ultramafic Cr Fe skarn - W greisen, Au

ult

formation - Au potassium

Mo -

related Au vein Zn massive sulfide ± related Au relat Zn - - related Au vein Ag, Cu) skarn Sn - - -

- Ag, Cu) skarn (Ergu ±

± (Kondyor) sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Pb ( Au) (Xiaoxinancha); - ± (Pioneer); Granitoid-related Au vein (Pokrovskoe) Granitoid (Bamskoe); vein (Burindinskoe Au-Ag epithermal vein Zn-Pb ( Porphyry Mo ( (Tianbaoshan); Granitoid- related Au vein; Porphyry Cu ( (Daheishan); Polymetallic (Pb, (Ciweigou); Fluorspar vein Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic- hosted metasomatite (Sanmen); Au-Ag epithermal vein (Pioneer); Granitoid-related Au vein (Pokrovskoe) Au-Ag epithermal vein Zoned mafic PGE Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Emelyanovskoye); Granitoid (Novoe); stockwork, and quartz vein (Tirekhtyak district) Granitoid (Darasunskoye); greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Muoklakanskoye); Fluorspar vein (Usuglinskoye) Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Besshi Cu sulfide (Besshi); Volcanogenic sedimentary Mn (Ananai); Cyprus Cu (Okuki) Alkaline complex (Dongping); metasomatite (Hadamen); Granitoid Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Yur, Nekur, Bular); (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Muromets); Au in black shale (Svetly) Zoned mafic PGE (Katenskoe); Mafic ultramafic related Ti (Ariadnoe, Koksharovskoe) Zn Xishan); W (Wudaoling); (Chuihongshan)

Yun'

)

C North Jilin North Stanovoy (NS) (NJ) North Bureya (NB) Chichibu BD) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Kondyor Feklistov (KD) Kular (KU) Nerchinsky (N North Bureya (NB) Sambagawa - Shimanto (SCS) Wulashan Zhangbei (WZ) Allakh (AY) Ariadny (AR) Bindong ( Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-23 -

. s

Umlekan duction of the microplate with

(plume) environment plate margin arc during sub - - Pacific Ocean plate that is now as having formed as related to magmatism along within ncestral continental the a Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. S-type grantitoid plutons during underthrusting of the Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of and the North Asian and the Sino-Korean cratons. transpressional arc. Belt occurs in basins with continental sedimentary rocks and alkaline magmatic plutonic and volcanic rocks that occur along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture that separates various terranes Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate extensional tectonism along the Trans-Baikalian- Daxinganling transpressional arc. Belt and related host rocks occurs along the sub-meridional Onon-Tura fault. Belt is interpreted as related to magmatism along transtension zones the Trans-Baikalian-Daxinganling craton and associated regional metamorphism and generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian Belt is interpreted transpression zones along transform boundaries and Belt is interpreted Ogodzhin part of preserved as tectonically interwoven fragments of the Badzhal, Khabarovsk, and Samarka terranes. Belt is interpreted as having formed in the Uda- closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean beneath the North Asian craton to the north. Stanovoy continental-margin arc during subduction and - - Rb a ve Early ha

Ar isotopic age

. 39 through Ar- 40 Middle Cretaceous (Neocomian to Aptian). Early and mid-Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic ages of 110-115 Ma for host granitoids. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. Siliceous and mafic volcanic rocks at Ciweigou Au Ag epithermal deposit Sr isochron age of 147.5 Ma. Early Cretaceous Early Cretaceous. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. of 120-130 Ma.

) -

24 25 North the - the Gonzha part of utonic ( l and related to p

Umlekam the the

. the Jiamusi - Margin that overlies Wundurmiao collage Turan terrane of the

Sukhotin-Duobaoshan terrane (part of the South Mongolia-Khingan collage), and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy terrane (part of the Mongol-Okhotsk collage). Stanovoy granite belt intruding the Tynda terrane (part of the North Asian craton). Replacements Late Jurassic and Early granitoids intruding North belt China Platform Laoling terrane the and Zhangguangcailing superterrane Veins and granitoids related to Ogodzhin volcanic plutonic belt that intrudes and overlaps Malokhingansk terrane, the Bureya superterrane, terrane, the Nora- Omolon superterrane and adjacent units. collage). Granitoids related tothe Northern granite belt that intrudes the Kolyma- belt that intrudes the Samarka terrane (part of the Honshu-Sikhote-Alin granitoids in the Khungari-Tatibi granite collage). Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt. Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Selenga sedimentary-volcanic plutonic belt, and the Ononsky terrane (part of the Mongol-Okhotsk Veins, volcanic complexes, and replacements related to the Trans-Baikalian- Granitoids, volcanic rocks, and replacements related to the Trans-Baikalian-

Russia, Far East Granitoids related tothe Northeastern China Russia, Far East Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Replacements and Russia, Central Transbaikalia; northern Mongolia Russia, eastern Transbaikalia

u -

- Be skarn W, Bi) ± related A ± - Au, Ag) Ag - ±

Mo ± W, Bi) ± Kalanguyskoye) Polymetallic (Pb, (

Granitoid

Ag, Cu) skarn ± vein and stockwork Ag epithermal vein Ag epithermal vein Pb ( - - - Au) (Xiaoxinancha); ± vein (Burindinskoe) Granitoid-related Au vein (Bamskoe); Au-Ag epithermal Zn (Tianbaoshan); Granitoid related Au vein; Porphyry Cu ( Porphyry Mo (Daheishan); Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic hosted metasomatite (Sanmen); Au (Ciweigou); Fluorspar vein Au (Pioneer); vein (Pokrovskoe) REE alkaline metasomatite; Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, vein and stockwork; Ta-Nb- greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein; Porphyry Mo ( (Zhirekenskoye); W-Mo-Be Au skarn; Au-Ag epithermal Granitoid-related Au vein (Ukonikskoe); Porphyry Au; and stockwork deposits (Ulakhan-Sala); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Au) vein and stockwork deposits (Aragochan, Dalnee) Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein (Vostok-2, Lermontovsky) (±W, Sn, Bi); W (Malakhitovoe); Porphyry Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo ( stockwork (Khapcheranga, Tarbaldzheiskoe) Au) (Berezitovoe ); Au epithermal vein (Baleyskoe); Fluorite vein ( Granitoid-related Au vein (Lubavinskoye); �orphyry Au (Ara-Ilinskoe); Cassiterite- sulfide-silicate vein and

North Jilin (NJ) North Bureya (NB) North Stanovoy (NS) (ST) Shilkinsko- Tukuringrs kiy (PO) Polousny Samarka (SM) Onon- Turinskiy (OT) C-24 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- -

. of as in the

- rtzite consist age in the through as having

long an

. in st facies. s -

ive as having thers (Onot e.

Tura fault. during fragment of -

bearing schist - craton margin craton with amphibole ng ridge. Baikalian generation of sub granitoids - in a Daxinganling in Baikalskoye - Baikalian during accretion of during generation of during interplate as having formed in an act insk zone of highly -

plagioclase schist, are interpreted - during interplate during collision during generation of with e the are interpreted

hypersthene and

Korean

greenstone belts - Belt and related host - to Late Triassic magnetite quartzite occur - are interpreted Kiderik the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) - Baikalian - meridional Onon pyroxen and sillimanite - - magnetite hypersthene layers. - - banded iron formation deposits along the Trans Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted sub Middle Jurassic sandstone and as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits Minorsk

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic bsequently incorporated into a the interpreted as having formed Belt is related as having formed as having formed as having formed

continental margin, or Ar isotopic ages of 120-123 Ma. in oceanic rifts along a continental - 39 are interpreted as having formed belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a

in the along reted pyroxene gneiss Omolon superterrane and the North Asian

volcanic rocks that occur along the Ar- - - are Benxi and Jiapigou areas 40 Sosnovy - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist Okhotsk suture that separates various terranes –

interpreted curs outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the - and associated regional metamorphism and is eposit) are type grantitoid plutons during underthrusting of the Mn deposits syngenetic setting on the ocean floor. Besshi and Cyprus deposits submarine volcanism related to spreadi Deposits were su subduction zone. Belt is interpreted generated above a mantle plume in an extensional tectonic setting. Early Jurassic alkaline to subalkaline granit Belt is interpreted the Okhotsk terrane to the North Asian Belt occurs deformed Late Carboniferous and Permian rocks western South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Au quartz veins are slightly older than large anatectic granitic plutons of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium. Belt is interpreted ultramafic and gabbroic plutons during underthrusting of the Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. Belt is interpreted extensional tectonism Daxinganling transpressional arc alkaline to alkaline volcanism and related sedimentation. Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet - Belt is interpreted as having formed during intrusion of granitoids along a continental-margin arc that was linked to subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Granite consists of biotite granite, feldspar porphyry, and granite porphyry that intrude Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. Deposits formed during contact metasomatism of calcareous layers in metasedimentary rock. craton with associated regional metamorphism and cut Permian through Daxinganling transpressional arc. the Okhotsk terrane to the North Asiancraton and Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt occurs along sublatitudinal high-angle, probable strike-slip faults that shale. Belt is interpreted as related to magmatism in transpression zones related to the Trans-Baikalian- resultant deformation of South Verkhoyansk belt. Au quartz veins are relatively older than large granitic plutons intruding the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium that have Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian craton and associated regional metamorphism. Belt is interpreted extensional tectonism along the Trans Daxinganling transpressional arc. rocks oc Belt is interpreted the Kolyma craton generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt is interp S Kula oceanic ridge and formation of bimodal igneous rocks along a transform continental margin. Belt is interpreted as related to magmatism along transtension zones the Trans transpressional arc. Belt occurs in basins with continental sedimentary rocks and alkaline magmatic plutonic and Mongol and the North Asian and the Sino -

the 3.0 .8

- 40 Ar 00 age - the . Sr - Onot 2.6 Ga., - Early interpreted Sutam Early Early opic ages of

is 327 Ma and 115 Ma for in the rusion and younger - of

Nd isotopic Early in the - Ar isotopic age Wudaoling

through 39 through through Ar isot Ar isotopic age of Metamorphic age through -

- -

Cretaceous. K and . the 3.12 Ga. through Early -

- Ar

Isotopic age of .

Sr, Sm 40 a. - hean mid probably older than 2 G c type deposits

Pb zircon isotopic age for - an. Sharyzhalgay series has 130 Ma. - is - Ar and 177 Ma for int 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

- - Pb, Rb between 200 and 140 Ma. a. U - Ar isotopic ages Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Early Jurassic Campanian. Age of submarine basaltic volcanism and related Besshi as Middle Jurassic or 39 157 deposit potassic feldspar, respectively. Late Jurassic Cretaceous Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. K about 160 Ma age Late Jurassic Cretaceous. K 157.8 Ma for quartz porphyry. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Neocomian. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Belt is interpreted as having formed during accretion of Late Jurassic through early Neocomian. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. Middle Cretaceous (Neocomian to Aptian). of 120 Early isotopic ages of 110 host granitoids. Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. -

in ). the 19 -

26 part zone 25 zone - the d West - zone the

- that - - - the - that . Alin , Jilin - ) and ) - the Korean the part of part of Alin Alin - in the Shanxi craton the d to - -

- Selenga the the the - Sikhote craton - include

craton craton greenstone craton craton . Sambagawa - Verkhoyansk

volcanic volcanic volcanic the ) Baikalian Okhotsk Kolyma Sikhote Sino ------subduction Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss errane ( subduction Tatibi granite Hokkaido in the trondhjemite subduction - - granite belt - Yinshan Triassic - -

Sikhote Sikhote - derived from the part of part of part of the

- , Mino Tamba , and .

- -

Erduosi terrane, . . ) ) ) . ( ( ( - ) ) Honshu

Baikalian errane, Asian granite Trans in the Korean Korean

- . - - alite Mongol Honshu tonic belt, and the imanto the hichibu Major Metallogenic Belts Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Veins related to mid- Cretaceous granitoids in the South Verkhoyansk granite belt intruding the craton). Verkhoyansk (North Asian) craton margin Veins and replacements in the Verkhoyansk (North Asian) craton margin. superterrane. part of the Sino-Korean Daxinganling sedimentary-volcanic- plutonic belt. Replacements in the Northern and Transverse granite belt along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma-Omolon Granite intruding the Yeongnam Metamorphic Complex and Great Limestone Group (both Veins, volcanic complexes, and replacements related to the Trans-Baikalian- related to Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous granitoids in the Daebo Sh terrane Sakhalin collage C terrane Honshu collage metamorphic terrane ( of Alin collage Granitoids relate Alashan plutonic belt (too small to show at 15 M scale) intrudes the craton Solon terrane, and adjacent units Veins (North Asian) margin Plutons intruding Samarka terrane Honshu collage Replacements related to small granitoids in the Mesozoic Jihei volcanic and plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Zhangguangcailing supert Zhangguangcailing sedimentary overlap assemblage, and adjacent units Veins, volcanic complexes, and replacements related to Trans Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes sedimentary plu Ononsky t the collage Granitoids related to Northern intrudes Omolon superterrane and adjacent units. Replacements and granitoids Khungari belt that intrudes Samarka terrane ( the collage Granitoids, volcanic rocks, and replacements related to Daxinganling sedimentary plutonic belt.

hern - - nsk Mongolia southern

Central Siberia Central

Major Metallogenic Belts,Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous (175-96 Ma) erkhoyansk Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Central Transbaikalia Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) South Korea Replacements and dikes

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, Transbaikalia; northern Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoya area) Russia, Far East Russia, eastern Transbaikalia Japan Northwestern and North China Russia, East Central Yakutia (V area) Russia, Far East Northeastern China

- Ag, -

± - V) -

+ y) silicate

- Nb - - Au in -

Be skarn ; Talc W, Bi) Cu ( Cu ± Mo

Ta Fe ( - ± ± - Au, Ag) - ; silicate vein ± - hosted Au; Mo Pb W

�orphyry Au - Be skarn - sulfide Porphyry Mo Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Polymetallic ±

;

- ± Cassiterite ramafic Cr Be skarn

Porphyry Au;

Ag epithermal

W ± Ag massive Mo (

- Fe skarn - -

ult

formation Au potassium Mo

- sulfide Zn massive sulfide ± - Mo related Au vein related Au vein Zn Sala); - - - related Au vein - - ± 2, Lermontovsk - Ag, Cu) skarn (Ergu - silicate vein and

- ± Porphyry Mo ( Ilinskoe); - onikskoe); sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Au) vein and - Pb ( - Malakhitovoe); Uk ± Cu (±Ag, Au) vein and stockwork; Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Imtandzha); Au in black shale

Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Djandi, Nikolaevskoe, Otkrytoe); Polymetallic Pb-Zn (Mangazeika 2) stockwork, and quartz vein; Au-Ag epithermal vein

W±Mo±Be skarn (Agylky); Sn- and stockwork (Ingodinskoye, Levo-Ingodinskoye) Granitoid (Lubavinskoye); (Ara sulfide stockwork (Khapcheranga, Tarbaldzheiskoe) Cassiterite and stockwork deposits (Ulakhan Pb stockwork deposits (Aragochan, Dalnee) Porphyry Cu ( (±W, Sn, Bi); (Vostok Granitoid ( Au skarn; Au vein; (Zhirekenskoye) greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Cassiterite vein and stockwork REE alkaline metasomatite; Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork (Berezitovoe ); Au-Ag epithermal vein (Baleyskoe); Fluorite vein (Kalanguyskoye) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Nezhdaninka); Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork (Upper Menkeche); Granitoid-related Au vein; W-Mo-Be greisen, W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Erikag, Dzhuptagan) Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein Fe skarn (Kangwon, Dongnam, Susuk); Fe-Zn skarn (Yomisan); Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn; W (Wondong, Sangdong); REE-Li Obo type) (Hongcheon-Jaun) pegmatite; Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Seojom); polygenic REE-Fe-Nb (Bayan- Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Besshi Cu sulfide (Besshi); Volcanogenic sedimentary Mn (Ananai); Cyprus Cu (Okuki) Alkaline complex (Dongping); metasomatite (Hadamen); Granitoid Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Yur, Nekur, Bular); (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Muromets); Au in black shale (Svetly) Zoned mafic PGE (Katenskoe); Mafic ultramafic related Ti (Ariadnoe, Koksharovskoe) Zn Xishan); W (Wudaoling); (Chuihongshan)

Yun'

- -

Onon Turinskiy (OT) Polousny (PO) Samarka (SM) Shilkinsko Tukuringrs kiy (ST) Verkho- yansk Tompo Verkhne- Ingodinsky (VK) South Verkho- yansk (TO) (VI) Taebaegsan (SV) (TB) Chichibu BD) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Sambagawa - Shimanto (SCS) Wulashan Zhangbei (WZ) Allakh (AY) Ariadny (AR) Bindong ( Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-25

- - - continental continental

is related to ncestral Pacific ncestral Pacific a a in a in a the Khingan during generation of he he and that rmed ur along the fissures and shear ncestral Pacific Ocean plate. that contains a as having formed as having formed as having fo plutonic belt

Deposits occ

margin arc - volcanic late. late. p p

subalkali granite that form part of Svyatoy Nos magmatic arc. dikes that occur at the terminations of the Transverse Belt is interpreted as having formed during extension related to initiation of opening ofthe Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Belt occurs along the Yana fault.Belt is hosted in granodiorite, amphibole-biotite granite, and Belt is interpreted as having formed during extension related to initiation of opening ofthe Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Belt is hosted in granitoid stocks and granitoid belt. Belt is interpreted granitoids along along the Khingan transform continental Okhotsk oblique subduction of Belt is interpreted margin arc during subduction of t Ocean zones. Belt is interpreted margin arc during subduction of t Ocean craton and associated regional metamorphism and Belt is interpreted as having formed during interplate magmatism associated with extensional tectonism related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Oceanic plate beneath the Eurasian plate. arc that is related to subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted as having formed during collision of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane and the North Asian generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the Khingan transform continental- margin arc consisting of the Khingan-Okhotsk volcanic- plutonic belt that related to oblique subduction ofthe ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. granitoids in the Okhotsk-Chukotka continental margin Belt is interpreted as having formed during extension related to initiation of opening of Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Belt associated with REE and subalkali granitoids that occur in small stocks.

has

Ar- 40 Ar 39 Echiy granite - 100 Ma. Ar age of 97 - Ar- 39 - 40 Ar 40

a ages of 75 75 Ma).

- Ar isotopic ages of older than Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Granitoids have isotopic ages of 105-106 Ma. Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Granitoid stocks and dikes of various composition have 39 120 Ma. Khoboyatu pluton has Ma. Late Cretaceous. Sn granite isotopic Cenomanian through Campanian (96 Cenomanian through Campanian. Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic age of Hongluoshan granite is of 178 to 186 Ma. K-Ar age for related dike at Jinchanggouliang deposit is about 120 Ma. Quartz diorite and quartz monzonite at Dazhuangke deposit have a K-Ar isotopic age of 146-168 Ma. Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of Mid-Cretaceous. 95-83 Ma. ages of 75-86 Ma. Rb-Sr age of Late Cretaceous. K-Ar isotopic Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Deputatskiy stock has a K-Ar isotopic age of 108 Ma.

28 27 -

- otite

Korean plutonic - - ngan Sino argin.

m Khi Cretaceous

the Cretaceous Sino the the the craton Yeongnam

craton -

. Veins and replacements in the Svyatoi Nos volcanic belt that occurs along the southern margin of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane. Veins and replacements related to the Transverse granite belt that intrudes the Verkhoyansk (North Asian) Veins and replacements related to Okhotsk volcanic belt Veins and replacements related to Bulgugsa granite (bi and feldspar porphyry) that intrudes craton terrane. Veins and replacements related to Bulgugsa granite (biotite granite and granodiorite) that intrudes Korean Yeongnam terrane. craton. Veins, replacements, and granitoids related tothe Yanliao volcanic and sedimentary basin and plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the northeastern Sino-Korean belt. Replacements in the Transverse granite belt along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma- Omolon superterrane. intrudes and overlies the North Asian craton and the Uda volcanic-plutonic volcanic-plutonic belt that related to the Khingan- Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt. Veins and replacements in the Northern granite belt along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma- Omolon superterrane. granitoids related tothe Okhotsk-Chukotka

Major Metallogenic Belts, Cenomanian through Campanian(96-72 Ma) Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East South Korea South Korea Northeastern and northern China Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Veins and replacements Russia, Far East Replacements and Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area)

- Cu Ag, Ag, Ag,

± ± ± Be -

work, Ag Mo Cu ( Cu ( Cu ( W Fe skarn - - -

± ± ± silicate vein W - hosted Sn

Au Fe skarn; -

Zn Zn

Porphyry Mo - -

Au) (Chelasin) Be greisen,

- W greisen, ± -

sulfide Mo Sn ic Ni vein - -

Kuryong); W Be greisen, stock

- Sb vein vein; Mo - - Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; ± Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork (Prognoz); Clastic-sediment- hosted Sb-Au; Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork (Churpunya, Chokurdakh) Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork (Zvyozdochka); Ag epithermal vein W and quartz vein (Lednikovy Sarmaka); stockwork, and quartz vein; Cassiterite and stockwork; (±W, Sn, Bi) (Ippatinskoe, Olgakanskoe, Shirotnoe) Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork; Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic metasomatite (Gwymyeong, Mulkum, Ulsan); stockwork, and quartz vein; Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Ag vein (Goseong, Tongyoung) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Cheolma) Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork (Darak, Chilgok); greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Kyeongju); greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Wangpiri); Polymetall (Samkwang). vein (Niujuan) and stockwork (Ukachilkan); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Deputatskoe ; Takalkan) Au) vein and stockwork (Caijiaying); Au-Ag epithermal Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Shouwangfen); W±Mo±Be skarn (Yangjiazhangzi); Porphyry Mo (±W, Bi) (Dazhuangke); Granitoid- related Au vein (Jinchanggouliang); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Ilin-Tas, Burgochan); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Kester) and stockwork (Ege-Khaya, and stockwork; Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) Porphyry Cu ( Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Pravourmiyskoe, Solnechnoe, Sobolinoye); Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein

Sn-B (Fe) skarn (ludwigite); Granitoid-related Au vein; Cu (

Yam

Eckyuchu- Billyakh (EB) (CC) Chokhchur- Chekur- dakh Ezop Alin (EY) Gyeongnam (GN) Gyeongpuk (GP) Central Polousny (CP) Yanshan (YS) Yana- Adycha (YA) Badzhal- Komso- molsk Chelasin (BK) (CL) C-26 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - - -

. - in Belt the in - as

the rtzite consist age in the in the g as having long an

st facies. ive Alin neration of as having thers (Onot -

fragment of late. bearing schist p - with amphibole ncestral Pacific ncestral Pacific a Okhotsk volcanic Okhotsk in a - - Baikalskoye

continental margin Eurasia Basin Eurasia Basin Sikhote as having formed in an act during collision of during interplate during generation of during generation of during extension biotite granite, and -

plagioclase schist, - during extension during extension the a during post during generation of during ge during generation of the are interpreted -

eins and replacements e the the the

are interpreted

hypersthene and

greenstone belts - in granitoid stocks and magnetite quartzite occur

- are interpreted Chukotka continental late. late. - the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) p p is related to oblique Chukotka

- late. the Khingan pyroxen and sillimanite ng formed - p magnetite hypersthene layers. - - banded iron formation deposits Archean sequences; o arc of the East in the are interpreted - Okhotsk as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed anded iron formation deposits

as having formed as havi Baits deposits) are Proterozoic as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed Belt is hosted

ancestral Pacific Ocean Eurasian Okhotsk

back the continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental - ng the Khingan transform continental

the the Omolon superterrane and the North Asian belt. (1) Magnetite

hosted in volcanic and sedimentation basin a -

margin arc related to oblique subduction of pyroxene gneiss that contained related to subduction of - in the -

in the Benxi and Jiapigou areas plutonic belt. Arc in granodiorite, amphibole Sosnovy - - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist and associated regional metamorphism and –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the

toids that occur in small stocks. Daban tectonic zone. is - Arctic Ocean. Belt occurs along the Yana fault. Arctic Ocean. that is Eurasia Basin. Belt occurs in v ancestral Pacific Ocean nitoids along the Khingan transform continental e eposit) are late beneath Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted the Kolyma craton generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt is interpreted magmatism associated with extensional tectonism related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Oceanic p Belt is interpreted granitoids alo margin arc consisting of the Khingan plutonic belt that related to oblique subduction of ancestral Pacific Ocean Belt is interpreted granitoids arc Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted related to initiation of opening of Eurasia Basin Arctic Ocean. Belt associated with REE and subalkali grani Belt is interpreted as having formed in a continental- zones. margin arc during subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Deposits occur along the fissures and shear Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt and that is related to Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along along the Khingan transform continental-margin arc that contains the Khingan- oblique subduction of ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted related to initiation of opening of th is hosted subalkali granite that form part of Svyatoy Nos magmatic arc. Belt is interpreted related to initiation of opening of the dikes that occur at the terminations of the Transverse granitoid belt. margin arc during subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. incorporatation of host rocks and deposits into a subduction zone. Belt is interpreted as having formed in basalt generated along the Kula-Pacific ridge. Subsequent structural Belt is interpreted accretionary extension related to initiation of opening of the in the southern Verkhoyansk fold and thrust alon Sette Belt is interpreted granitoids along margin arc related to subduction of Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted granitoids continental the Belt is interpreted gra margin arc volcanic subduction of Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the East Asia continental margin arc related to subduction of the Kula and Pacific Ocean plates. East Asia arc is interpreted as the southern extension of the East Sikhote-Alin arc.

. -

. - the 3.0 .8

- 00 age Ar

the Sr Ar - - 40 uangke Onot 2.6 Ga., - Ar ages K Early

early

- Sutam Ar Sr age of a Sr whole - - 39 K

106 Ma. - Paleocene Paleocene Ar isotopic - in the - Ar age of 97 d

Rb Nd isotopic Ar has 39 Ar isotopic age in the - a an - through and 40 through

105 Late Cretaceous. Ar isotopic age of Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous. Metamorphic age Late Cretaceous. K

- Ar- . 3.12 Ga. 40 - Ar age for related dike 50 Ma. Isotopic age of 86 Ma. Rb have -

Sr, Sm - a. - to hean probably older than 2 have a G c related to subalkaline isotopic ages that range through through through 168 Ma.

through Pb zircon isotopic age for - - an. Sharyzhalgay series has - 90 Ma and is 100 Ar Cretaceous. - Cretaceous - 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

83 Ma. - - Pb, Rb - a. U - ranitoids Ar isotopic ages of older than Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Cenomanian through Campanian (96-75 Ma). Cenomanian through Campanian. Belt is interpreted as having formed in a continental- Mid Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. K Hongluoshan granite is of 178 to 186 Ma. K at Jinchanggouliang deposit is about 120 Ma. Quartz diorite and quartz monzonite at Dazh deposit of 146 Late Cretaceous. K ages of 75 95 Late Cretaceous Aptian Deputatskiy stock has isotopic age of 108 Ma. Late Cretaceous. Sn granite has isotopic ages of 75-100 Ma. Ma. Aptian G isotopic ages of Aptian Granitoid stocks and dikes of various composition have 39 120 Ma. Khoboyatu-Echiy granite pluton has a Middle Cretaceous through Eocene. Cretaceous and Paleogene. Cretaceous age of deposit-related granitic rocks in the Ryoke and Sanyo belts. Mainly a Paleogene age for Sanin belt. Aptian Late Cretaceous Mid Tertiary form Late Cretaceous. Probable deposit potassium granite of 80 rock isochron age of 78 Ma. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

in in in in ). 28 27 29

- the - -

the the the d West . the the the the - . the , Jilin ) and ) and Korean plutonic to plutonic - - Alin - in the Shanxi craton

the - argin.

- m in the include Transverse Khingan

craton craton greenstone Alin Amur River

craton craton Sino craton - - -

the yansk (North the the Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss Okhotsk Chukotka plutonic belt that plutonic belt that plutonic belt. Chukotka plutonic belt that trondhjemite Omolon - - -

Sikhote - - - - - part of the - - - - derived from the . -

craton )

. Asian granite Korean Korean - -

alite Svyatoi Nos volcanic Verkho Verkhoyansk (North . Uda volcanic Northern granite belt ane ( Major Metallogenic Belts Bulgugsa granite (biotite and feldspar porphyry) that intrudes Sino-Korean craton - Yeongnam terrane. related to the Cretaceous related to the Khingan- Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt. Korean craton - Yeongnam terrane. Veins and replacements the belt that occurs along southern margin of Kolyma superterrane. Veins and replacements related to granite belt that intrudes the Asian) craton margin. related to the Cretaceous Bulgugsa granite (biotite granite and granodiorite) that intrudes the Sino- terrane (part of the East Sakhalin collage). granitic belt that overlie and intrude a large portion Shimanto subduction-zone Veins and replacements in the Nohi rhyolite volcanic belt and the Hiroshima of central and southern Japan. Veins and replacements the Asian) Veins related to Okhotsk volcanic intrudes and overlies Okhotsk terrane. Veins, replacements, and granitoids related to East Sikhote volcanic overlies and intrudes Zhuravlevsk terr Honshu collage Granitoids related Khingan volcanic Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Replacements Transverse granite belt along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma Omolon superterrane. Veins, replacements, and granitoids related to Yanliao volcanic and sedimentary basin and plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes northeastern craton Veins and replacements related to Okhotsk volcanic belt. Replacements and granitoids related to Okhotsk volcanic intrudes and overlies North Asian the belt Veins and replacements the along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma Omolon superterrane -

- - - hern - - nsk Major Metallogenic Belts, Cenomanian through Campanian(96-72 Ma) China southern

Siberia

rkhoyansk South Korea Veins and replacements Russia, Far East Veins and replacements Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) South Korea Veins and replacements Japan, Hokkaido Stratiform units in the Japan Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoya area) Russia, Far East Russia, Far East Russia, Far East

- Ag, Ag, Ag,

± ± ± -

Mo W - -

hosted Au in -

W vein ; Talc Zn ± Cu - Cu ( Cu ( Cu ( Sn - Mo (±Au, raphite Cu

± ± ± - - Khaya, Porphyry Fluorspar - (Chelasin)

sediment

silicate vein

- Sb ; - - Polymetallic - silicate vein silicate vein silicate vein

Pb - - -

Zn Porphyry Sn - Ag epithermal -

Zn ± Cu (±Ag, W±Mo±Be -

Cassiterite Porphyry Cu (±Fe, Au, - Au) Ag, Au) vein and Granitoid

Clastic sediment Polymetallic (Pb,

Porphyry Cu

; Au

formation

sulfide Au; Hg - sulfide sulfide sulfide - ic Pb hosted Sb - - - related Au vein; Cu hosted Sn

Ag, Cu) skarn - - - Cu ( ± silicate vein and Be greisen, stockwork, Porphyry Cu ± - - Metamorphic g Polymetallic Pb

Sb vein; Carbonate Ag epithermal vein Au metasomatite; Clastic Zn W greisen, stockwork, and Tas, Burgochan); Mo sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); - - - - - e, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; rognoz); Clastic W greisen, stockwork, and B (Fe) skarn (ludwigite); W greisen, stockwork, and - - - - - d stockwork (Ukachilkan); osted metasomatite F greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Kyeongju); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Wangpiri); Fe skarn; Polymetallic Ni vein (Samkwang). Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork (Darak, Chilgok); W-Mo-Be stockwork, and quartz vein; Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Cu- Ag vein (Goseong, Tongyoung) Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Cheolma) Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork; Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite (Gwymyeong, Mulkum, Kuryong); Fe skarn Ulsan); W-Mo-Be greisen, and stockwork; Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) (Ippatinskoe, Olgakanskoe, Shirotnoe) epithermal vein and quartz vein (Lednikovy- Sarmaka); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein Cassiterite and stockwork (Churpunya, Chokurdakh) Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork (P hosted Sb and stockwork (Zvyozdochka); Ag-Sb vein vein; Au-Ag W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Otani); W±Mo±Be Zn-Pb ( (Kamioka Tochibara); W-Mo- skarn; Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Shimokawa) skarn (Bandojima); Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Pb stockwork (Ikuno); vein; Ag As sediment (Senduchen); hosted Hg±Sb (Seikimyan) Au (Khakandzha, Yurievka); Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Porphyry Sn Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic h Sn quartz vein (Tigrinoe, Zimnee, Arsenyevsky); sulfide stockwork (Vysokogorskoe); W and quartz vein; (Yantarnoe); (±Au); Ag); (±Ag, Au) vein and stockwork Porphyry Sn (Khinganskoe); Rhyolite ± Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Cassiterite and stockwork (Ege Ilin greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Kester) Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Shouwangfen); skarn (Yangjiazhangzi); Porphyry Mo (±W, Bi) (Dazhuangke); related Au vein (Jinchanggouliang) Polymetall Au) vein and stockwork (Caijiaying); vein (Niujuan) Sn quartz vein (Pravourmiyskoe, Solnechnoe, Sobolinoye); Cassiterite and stockwork; Ag, Mo) skarn; (±W, Sn, Bi) Sn Granitoid ( Porphyry Cu ( Cassiterite an Sn quartz vein (Deputatskoe ; Takalkan)

Gyeongpuk (GP) Gyeongnam (GN) Ezop-Yam- Alin (EY) Chokhchur Chekur dakh (CC) Eckyuchu Billyakh (EB) Inner Zone Southwest Japan (ISJ) Hidaka Khandyga (KA) Kukhtuy Uliya (KU) Luzhkinsky (LZ) Malo Khingan (MK) (HD) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Yana Adycha (YA) Yanshan (YS) Badzhal Komso molsk (BK) Chelasin (CL) Central Polousny (CP) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-27 tral - - nces

- tral Pacific the a ances continental continental in basalt generated during generation of during post during generation of during generation of the Alin Alin - - Kula and Pacific Ocean Sikhote Sikhote - - the nterpreted as the southern

East Asia continental margin arc as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed

host rocks and deposits into a

the Pacific ridge. Subsequent structural -

ia Basin. late. p Euras subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. volcanic-plutonic belt. Arc is related to oblique Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the Khingan transform continental- margin arc that contained the Khingan-Okhotsk the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. continental-margin arc related to oblique subduction of Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids in the back-arc of the East-Sikhote-Alin margin arc related to subduction ofthe ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. granitoids along the Okhotsk-Chukotka continental Sette-Daban tectonic zone. accretionary extension related to initiation of opening of the Eurasia Basin. Belt occurs in veins and replacements in the southern Verkhoyansk fold and thrust along the Belt is interpreted along the Kula incorporatation of subduction zone. Belt is interpreted granitoids along related to subduction of plates. East Asia arc is i extension of the East Sikhote-Alin arc. volcanic-plutonic belt. Arc is related to oblique subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the Khingan transform continental- margin arc that contained the Khingan-Okhotsk arc related to oblique subduction ofthe ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted accretionary extension related to initiation of opening of the Belt is interpreted granitoids along the East margin arc related to subduction of Ocean Belt is interpreted granitoids along the East margin arc related to oblique subduction of Pacific Ocean plate. granitoids along Okhotsk-Chukotka continental margin

related - Paleogene Ryoke and Paleocene through he and Paleogene. Late Cretaceous. in t Mainly a Ar ages of deposits and -

. through ddle Cretaceous rock isochron age of 78 Ma. potassium granite has K-Ar ages of 80-90 Ma and a Rb-Sr whole- Late Cretaceous. Probable deposit-related to subalkaline Tertiary isotopic ages that range form 100 to 50 Ma. Mid-Cretaceous through early Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Belt is interpreted as having formed during post- Mi Eocene Cretaceous Cretaceous age of deposit granitic rocks Sanyo belts. age for Sanin belt. Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of Aptian Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. K range between 60 and 80 Ma. Late Cretaceous in in 29 30 zone - - lies - the

. )

Kema, in the cements Yasachnaya East East -

the the Hiroshima subduction the the Omolon part of the East Alin volcanic Alin volcanic the - . - - ( Nohi rhyolite volcanic Uyandina aukha terranes. Khingan-Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt. overlies and intrudes the Zhuravlevsk-Amur River terrane (part of the collage). granitoids related tothe East Sikhote-Alin volcanic-plutonic belt that Honshu-Sikhote-Alin intrudes and overlies the Okhotsk terrane. volcanic-plutonic belt that Okhotsk-Chukotka Veins and replacements in the Verkhoyansk (North Asian) craton margin. Stratiform units Shimanto terrane Sakhalin collage Veins and replacements the belt and granitic belt that overlie and intrude a large portion of central and southern Japan. intrudes and overlies the East Aldan superterrane and adjacent units. volcanic-plutonic belt that Okhotsk-Chukotka granitoids related tothe Khingan-Okhotsk volcanic-plutonic belt. Veins and repla the volcanic belt along southern margin of Kolyma superterrane. Veins and granitoids related to Sikhote plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes Sergeevka, Samarka, and T Veins and granitoids related to Sikhote plutonic belt that over and intrudes Luzhkinsky, and Samarka terranes

Russia, Far East Granitoids related to the Russia, Far East Veins, replacements, and Russia, Far East Veins related to the Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Japan, Hokkaido Japan Russia, Far East Granitoids related tothe Russia, Far East Veins, replacements, and Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Russia, Far East

- - Ag, ± Mo

- Ag W

Sb (Gal

Cu ( - W±Mo±Be ± Boron Au, Ag_; Ag

Au - silicate vein

± - Zn - Ag, Au) vein and Polymetallic (Pb,

Cu) skarn ±

Zn massive sulfide sulfide hosted Hg - - related Au vein - hosted Hg (Dogdo); - Ag, Ag, Cu) skarn - Cu ( ± ± ±

Sb vein (Kysylga) Pb ( Pb ( - - - ±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic Porphyry Sn (Khinganskoe); Rhyolite-hosted Sn (±Ag, Au) vein and stockwork Ag); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu and quartz vein; Porphyry Sn (Yantarnoe); Porphyry Cu (±Au); Porphyry Cu-Mo (±Au, stockwork (Vysokogorskoe); W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Tigrinoe, Zimnee, Arsenyevsky); Cassiterite- sulfide-silicate vein and (Khakandzha, Yurievka); Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Porphyry Sn; Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic- hosted metasomatite Au-Ag epithermal vein (Senduchen); Clastic sediment- hosted Hg±Sb (Seikimyan) As-Au metasomatite; Clastic- sediment-hosted Sb-Au Ag-Sb vein; Carbonate-hosted Cyprus Cu (Shimokawa) Zn (Kamioka Tochibara); Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Otani); skarn; Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Bandojima); Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi); Polymetallic Pb-Zn stockwork (Ikuno); Fluorspar vein; Metamorphic graphite epithermal vein (Avlayakan); Granitoid-related Au vein; Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Porphyry Cu (±Au); Au-Ag Porphyry Cu-Mo ( Au) vein and stockwork (Uchaminskoye); Granitoid- Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, related Au vein (Agnie- Afanasievskoye) stockwork, and quartz vein; Ag-Sb vein (Dyappe); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; W-Mo-Be greisen, Carbonate Khaya, Pologoye, Arbat); Volcanic Ag Granitoid (Progress, Askold); (datolite) skarn (Dalnegorsk); Zn (Nikolaevskoe, Partizanskoe); Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork; Porphyry Sn; Zn hosted metasomatite (Krasnogorskoye); epithermal vein; Porphyry Cu (±Au) Porphyry Sn (Mopau); Cassiterite and stockwork; Au epithermal vein (Tumninskoye)

Malo- Khingan (MK) Luzhkinsky (LZ) Kukhtuy- Uliya (KU) Khandyga (KA) Hidaka (HD) Inner Zone Southwest Japan (ISJ) Preddzhug- dzhursky (PD) Pilda- Limuri (PL) Selennyakh (SE) Sergeevka Taukha (ST) Tumnin Anyui (TA) C-28 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - - -

. - - the as -

rtzite consist age in the as having in the long an

st facies. is ive as having

thers (Onot ue

fragment of ncestral that bearing schist a - with amphibole ncestral Pacific ancestral Pacific Okhotsk Okhotsk volcanic in a - continental - Baikalskoye

continental margin as having formed in an act during collision of during interplate during generation of during generation of during extension

continental margin grade shock plagioclase schist, the during generation of during generation of the a - are interpreted -

e the Alin are interpreted

hypersthene and -

greenstone belts - magnetite quartzite occur -

are interpreted late. meteoritic impact with the interlayered Northern Liaoning (Hunbei) p Chukotka ikhote - late. Chukotka pyroxen and sillimanite S - - magnetite hypersthene layers. - p - - banded iron formation deposits Archean sequences; o in the are interpreted Popigay ring structure

as having formed anded iron formation deposits as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed as having formed

Baits deposits) are Proterozoic as having formed as having formed ancestral Pacific Ocean plate.

Eurasian

Okhotsk Okhotsk continental margin, or in oceanic rifts along a continental late. - ng the Khingan transform continental p the the resulting from belt. (1) Magnetite hosted in in the Omolon superterrane and the North Asian

volcanic and sedimentation basin a -

pyroxene gneiss related to subduction of - in the

Benxi and Jiapigou areas plutonic belt. Arc is related to obliq Sosnovy - - in a during retrograde metamorphism to greenschist late. and associated regional metamorphism and –

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the

p toids that occur in small stocks. is that is related to oblique subduction of eposit) are late beneath Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted the Kolyma craton generation of anatectic granitoids. Belt is interpreted magmatism associated with extensional tectonism related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Oceanic p Belt is interpreted granitoids alo margin arc consisting of the Khingan plutonic belt that related to oblique subduction of ancestral Pacific Ocean Belt is interpreted granitoids arc Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted related to initiation of opening of Eurasia Basin Arctic Ocean. Belt associated with REE and subalkali grani Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the East-Sikhote-Alin continental- margin arc related to subduction ofthe ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. accretionary extension related to initiation of opening of the Eurasia Basin. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the Khingan transform continental margin arc that contained the Khingan volcanic subduction of Belt is interpreted granitoids along arc Ocean granitoids along the East-Sikhote-Alin continental- margin arc related to oblique subduction ofthe ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the East-Sikhote-Alin continental- margin arc that is related to subduction ofancestral Pacific Ocean plate. margin arc that was related to oblique subduction of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the Okhotsk-Chukotka continental Belt is interpreted granitoids along the East margin arc that is related to subduction of Pacific Ocean Belt is hosted interpreted as formation of pseudotachylites, high metamorphic minerals, and allogenic breccia. -

. the 3.0 49 .8

- 00 age the Sr Ar are - - Onot uangke 2.6 Ga., -

K Early Sutam

Sr age of a isotopic -

Paleocene Ar isotopic Paleocene in the - d Ar Nd isotopic Ar isotopic age in the 39 - an - - through and

. Late Cretaceous. Metamorphic age Ar isotopic age of

K - Ar . 3.12 Ga. - 40 Ar age for related dike Isotopic age of 86 Ma. Rb - Sr, Sm

- a. - hean probably older than 2 G c have a through

168 Ma. Pb zircon isotopic age for - an. Sharyzhalgay series has

- is . Ar Cretaceous. 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6 -

- - 83 Ma. Pb, Rb - a. U - Ar isotopic deposit ages - Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Mid Middle Jurassic Cretaceous. K Hongluoshan granite is of 178 to 186 Ma. K at Jinchanggouliang deposit is about 120 Ma. Quartz diorite and quartz monzonite at Dazh deposit of 146 Late Cretaceous. K ages of 75 95 Late Cretaceous Aptian Deputatskiy stock has isotopic age of 108 Ma. Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. K-Ar ages of deposits range between 60 and 80 Ma. Aptian through Late Cretaceous. Belt is interpreted as having formed during post- Late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of Early Tertiary. Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. K 69 Ma Eocene. Tagamite and impact glasses have ages of 35.7 Ma. Archean (> 2.5 Ga) -

s in ). 27

- 30 - - 31

d the West - . .

the the the - . - the , Jilin ) and )

and . Korean plutonic

River plutonic - - ies the in the Shanxi - craton

- Manoma - include in the craton craton greenstone Khingan craton craton East Sino craton -

craton the zone terrane - Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss the trondhjemite the - - Chukotka plutonic belt that - Okhotsk Chukotka plutonic belt plutonic belt that - derived from the ------Alin volcanic Alin collage).

- -

. Asian granite Korean Korean - -

alite . Uda volcanic Northern granite belt ngan hotsk Major Metallogenic Belts Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Replacements Transverse granite belt along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma Omolon superterrane. Veins, replacements, and granitoids related to Yanliao volcanic and sedimentary basin and plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes northeastern craton Veins and replacements related to Okhotsk volcanic belt. Replacements and granitoids related to Okhotsk volcanic intrudes and overlies North Asian the belt Veins and replacements the along the northwestern margin of the Kolyma Omolon superterrane related to the East Sikhote-Alin volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Kema, Luzhkinsky, and Samarka terranes. related to the East Sikhote-Alin volcanic- plutonic belt that overlies and intrudes the Sergeevka, Samarka, and Taukha terranes. volcanic belt along the southern margin of Kolyma-Omolon superterrane. Veins and replacements in the Uyandina-Yasachnaya Veins, replacements, and granitoids related to Khi volcanic Granitoids related to Ok volcanic intrudes and overl East Aldan superterrane and adjacent units. collage). Honshu-Sikhote-Alin Sikhote-Alin volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies the Kema terrane (part of the Veins and replacements related to the Okhotsk- Chukotka volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies the Verkhoyansk (North Asian) craton margin. Veins and granitoids related to Sikhote plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Amur and Kiselyovka subduction (both part of Honshu Sikhote Astrobleme formed on North Asian -

hern - - Major Metallogenic Belts, Cenomanian through Campanian(96-72 Ma) China southern

Major Metallogenic Belts, Maastrichtian through Oligocene(72 to 24 Ma) northern

Siberia

rkhoyansk

Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Country, region Russia, East Central Yakutia (Ve area) Northeastern and northern Russia, Far East Russia, Far East Russia, East Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Veins and granitoids Russia, Far East Veins and granitoids Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Russia, Far East Russia, Far East Veins related to the East Russia, East- Central Yakutia (Verkhoyansk area) Russia, Far East Russia, Yakutia

Ag,

- Cu

Mo W -

Ag Au in W -

- ; Talc

- Sn

Cu ( - Khaya, Sn

(Chelasin) -

± Be greisen, Au, Ag_; Au, Ag) ; silicate vein silicate vein silicate vein - alunite Pb ± ± - - -

Granitoid - - Ag epithermal

Zn ± Cu (±Ag, W±Mo±Be (Popigay)

Zn ± Cu (±Ag, -

Porphyry Cu (±Fe, Au, - - Au) Mo Granitoid

± Mo (

Au formation

- Porphyry Au; W sulfide sulfide sulfide ic Pb - - - related Au vein; Cu related Au vein;

- - Ag, Cu) skarn ± sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Tas, Burgochan);

Sb vein (Dyappe); Ag epithermal vein e, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn; W greisen, stockwork, and B (Fe) skarn (ludwigite); W greisen, stockwork, and - W greisen, stockwork, and ------d stockwork (Ukachilkan); F ± Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits) Cassiterite and stockwork (Ege Ilin greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein (Kester) Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (Shouwangfen); skarn (Yangjiazhangzi); Porphyry Mo (±W, Bi) (Dazhuangke); related Au vein (Jinchanggouliang) Polymetall Au) vein and stockwork (Caijiaying); vein (Niujuan) Sn quartz vein (Pravourmiyskoe, Solnechnoe, Sobolinoye); Cassiterite and stockwork; Ag, Mo) skarn; (±W, Sn, Bi) Sn Granitoid ( Porphyry Cu ( Cassiterite an Sn quartz vein (Deputatskoe ; Takalkan) epithermal vein (Tumninskoye) Granitoid-related Au vein (Progress, Askold); Boron epithermal vein; Porphyry Cu (±Au) and stockwork; Au-Ag (datolite) skarn (Dalnegorsk); Zn-Pb ( (Nikolaevskoe, Partizanskoe); Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork; Porphyry Sn; Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic- hosted metasomatite (Krasnogorskoye); Au-Ag Porphyry Sn (Mopau); Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein Khaya, Pologoye, Arbat); Volcanic-hosted Hg (Dogdo); Ag-Sb vein (Kysylga) Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb (Gal Sn quartz vein; stockwork, and quartz vein; Ag Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork (Uchaminskoye); related Au vein (Agnie Afanasievskoye) Porphyry Cu Porphyry Cu (±Au); Au epithermal vein (Avlayakan); Granitoid (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Sukhoi Creek; Porphyry Cu (Glinyanoe, Tayozhnoe 1); Porphyry Cu-Mo ( (±Au) Verkhnezolotoe); Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) Au) vein and stockwork; Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) Ag-Au epithermal vein Au (Mnogovershinnoe); Epithermal quartz (Iskinskoe); Porphyry Cu (±Au); greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Impact diamond and stockwork (Khoron); Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein -

) Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Yana Adycha (YA) Yanshan (YS) Badzhal Komso molsk (BK) Chelasin (CL) Central Polousny (CP) Sergeevka- Taukha (ST) Tumnin- Anyui (TA) Pilda Limuri (PL) Preddzhug dzhursky (PD) Selennyakh (SE) Upper Uydoma Kema Lower Amur (LA Popigay (PP) (UY) (KM) Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-29 the - ncestral a continental continental during generation of during generation of Alin - Chukotka

- to oblique subduction of Sikhote late. - p Okhotsk as having formed as having formed the late. p long that was related

Belt is interpreted as having formed during generation of granitoids along the East-Sikhote-Alin continental- margin arc that is related to subduction ofancestral Pacific Ocean plate. Belt is hosted in the Popigay ring structure that is interpreted as resulting from meteoritic impact with formation of pseudotachylites, high-grade shock metamorphic minerals, and allogenic breccia. Belt is interpreted granitoids a margin arc ancestral Pacific Ocean Belt is interpreted granitoids along the East margin arc that is related to subduction of Pacific Ocean is tectonically related to subduction of Philippine Sea plate beneath the East Asia continental margin. hydrothermal activitiy along the Japan arc in either back-arc rifting or the axial part of the arc. Arc is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea plates beneath the East Asia during back-arc rifting or axial part ofthe Japan arc that continental margin. Belt is interpreted as having formed along the Japan arc that is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Seaplates beneath the East Asia continental margin.

(72 to 24 Ma) Ar isotopic 39

Ar-

. 40 Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. K-Ar isotopic deposit ages are 49- 69 Ma. Eocene. Tagamite and impact glasses have ages of 35.7 Ma. Late Cretaceous. Early Tertiary Miocene and Pleistocene. Belt is interpreted as having formed along an island arc Pliocene through Quaternary. Belt is interpreted as having formed during Miocene through Quaternary. Two ages of deposits: early stage (14.4-11.2 Ma); and late stage (8.1-0.3 Ma).

31 32 - -

East - Alin - argin. the the North m ( Okhotsk the of the lies the Kema

Sikhote Alin volcanic part . - - craton ) )

subduction-zone terranes (both part of Honshu- Sikhote-Alin collage). related to the East Sikhote-Alin volcanic- plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Amur River and Kiselyovka-Manoma Astrobleme formed on North Asian craton. Veins and replacements related to Chukotka volcanic plutonic belt that intrudes and overlies Verkhoyansk Asian Veins related to Sikhote plutonic belt that intrudes and over terrane ( Honshu collage terranes (both part of the collage). Sikhote-Alin collage). Mino-Tamba-Chichibu Honshu-Sikhote-Alin (both part of the Honshu- Veins and replacements related to the Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlies and intrudes the Hiroshima granitic plutonic belt, and the Akiyoshi-Maizuru and Shimanto, and Mino- Tamba-Chichibu terranes Veins and replacements in the Quaternary Japan volcanic belt and the Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlies and intrudes the Hidaka zone of the Shimanto accretionarry wedge terrane (part of the collage). Veins and replacements related to the Quaternary Japan volcanic belt and the Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlie and intrudethe Akiyoshi-Maizuru,

Honshu-Sikhote-Alin

- Major Metallogenic Belts,Miocene through Quaternary(24-0 Ma) Major Metallogenic Belts, Maastrichtian through Oligocene

Verkhoyansk Russia, Far East Veins and granitoids Yakutia Russia, East Central Yakutia ( area) Russia, Far East Japan Japan Japan

± W -

e 1); Au, Ag) silicate vein ± - Zn ± Cu (±Ag, - Porphyry Cu

Mo ( - sulfide - Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Ag, Au) vein and

± Au epithermal vein

- (Iskinskoe); Porphyry Au; (Mnogovershinnoe); Epithermal quartz-alunite Porphyry Cu (±Au); Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Impact diamond (Popigay) Russia, northern Au-Ag epithermal vein Cassiterite and stockwork (Khoron); Polymetallic Pb Au) vein and stockwork; greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Bi) Ag (Glinyanoe, Tayozhno Porphyry Cu Sukhoi Creek; (±Au) Verkhnezolotoe); Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) U (Konomai); Volcanic-hosted Hg (Itomuka); Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork (Ryushoden); Clastic sediment-hosted Hg±Sb vein; Clastic-sediment-hosted (Hishikari, Kushikino, Taio) Au-Ag epithermal vein (Omori); Polymetallic Pb-Zn Cu ( stockwork (Taishu); Ag-Sb Au-Ag epithermal vein Au-Ag epithermal vein

)

Popigay (PP) Upper Uydoma (UY) Kema (KM Lower Amur (LA) Northeast Hokkaido (NH) Hokuriku- Sanin Kyushu (KY) (HS) C-30 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

- - -

. as

rtzite consist age in the as having long an

st facies. ive as having thers (Onot

fragment of bearing schist - with amphibole in a Baikalskoye as having formed in an act

plagioclase schist, are interpreted - e the are interpreted

hypersthene and

interpreted outer part of an antiform. (2) Feldspar qua in the is eposit) are Tectonic event for origin of metallogenic belt Banded iron formation deposits formed unstable proto Archean craton. Au deposits formed facies. Host greenstone belt area continental margin whereas Anshan having formed margin. Au deposits during retrograde metamorphism to greenschi Because of the ancient geologic units and lack of detailed data, several mineral deposit types are combined into a composite belt. Some deposits (Kitoy group and d group Layering in ferruginous quartzite and occurrence in two pyroxene schists are interpreted as derived from ferruginous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Two rock groups with occur magnetite pyroxene and magnetite which which the b of magnetite and hypersthene in the interlayered with garnet with diopside calciphyre. Also occurring are magnetite hypersthene and garnet Belt is interpreted as having formed in the back-arc rifting or axial part of the Japan arc that is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea plates beneath the East Asia continental margin. Japan arc that is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Seaplates beneath the East Asia continental margin. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are interpreted as having formed in the back-arc and axial regions of the

the 3.0 .8

- 00 age the Sr - Onot 2.6 Ga., -

Sutam ) and 2 in the Nd isotopic in the - Metamorphic age

. 3.12 Ga. - Isotopic age of Sr, Sm a. - hean probably older than 2 G c

Pb zircon isotopic age for an. Sharyzhalgay series has - is Ar 1.8 Ga., or younger. 2.6

- - Pb, Rb a. U - Age range Archean and Proterozoic. Archean deposits have Rb isotopic age greater than 3,5 Ma. Proterozoic or younger for Au deposits in shear and retrograde metamorphic zones with isotopic ages of 2.5 1.7 Late of the Anshan Group hosting banded iron formation deposits 2.5 banded iron formation deposits units G trondhjemite (mylonite) is 3,804 Ma. Arche U ages of 2.42 Sedimentary rocks terrane are Paleoproterozoic. Archean. Gneiss block has isotopic age of 2.5 Ga. Middle Miocene. Isotopic age of 15.5 Ma-13 Ma age for host siliceous igneous rocks. Ma); and late stage (8-2 Ma). Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS deposits suggest two stages of formation: early stage (15-10 Miocene through Quaternary. Many Kuroko-type deposits were formed in the middle Miocene, at about 13 Ma. K-Ar ages of vein limonite deposits formed on flanks of Quaternary volcanoes. -

in ).

33 d West

- . , Jilin ) and ) in the Shanxi craton

- include craton craton greenstone craton craton -

Hebei East Shandong orthogneiss trondhjemite - - - - derived from the

Asian granite Korean Korean - - alite Unit or structure related to origin of belt Sino Liaoning granulite terrane. Sino Liaoning terrane. Sharizhalgay terrane (ton gneiss, included North Asian Onot terrane, North Central Aldan superterrane ( the North Asian Sikhote-Alin collage). Chichibu terranes (both part of the Honshu- Veins and replacements related to the Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlies and intrudes the Hiroshima granitic plutonic belt, and Sambagawa, Shimanto, and Mino-Tamba- and South Kitakami terranes (both part of the collage). Layers and veins in the Quaternary Japan volcanic belt and Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlie and intrudethe Hiroshima granitic plutonic belt, and the Mino-Tamba-Chichibu Honshu-Sikhote-Alin ] . -

hern CD-ROM [ southern

Siberia

Country, region Northern China Northeastern China Russia, eastern (East Sayan) Russia, sout Yakutia Japan Japan

Ag, ±

Au in

; Talc Cu - Cu ( ± Pb

formation

) (Horobetsu); 2 sive sulfide (Hongtoushan); Mineral deposit types Banded iron (Shuichang, Sijiaying); shear zone and quartz vein (Jinchangyu) Banded iron formation (Gongchangling); Volcanogenic Zn mas Au in shear zone and quartz vein (Jiapigou) Banded iron formation (magnesite) replacement (Sosnov� Baits, Baikalskoye, Savinskoye) Banded iron formation (Olimpiyskoe) (major deposits)

and stockwork (Obira); Clastic- sediment-hosted Sb-Au Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork (Yamatosuigin); Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein W) skarn (Chichibu); W-Mo- Ag-Sb vein; Zn-Pb (±Ag, Cu, water (Gumma) Au; Au-Ag epithermal vein (Kishu); Volcanic-hosted Hg; Fe-Mn; Limonite from spring Sn skarn; Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork; Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb- Au) vein and stockwork (Ashio); Mn vein; Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn (Kinjo); Chemical-sedimentary Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Ag epithermal vein (Sado, Hosokura, Toyoha); Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite; Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) (Kosaka, Shakanai); Au-

Name (symbol) Jidong (JD) Liaoji (LJ) Sharizhalgai skiy (SH) Sutam (ST) Outer Zone Southwest Japan (OS) (NJ) Northeast Japan References Cited Ariunbileg, S., Biryul'kin, G.V., Byamba, J., Davydov, Y.V., Dejidmaa, G.,, Distanov, E.G., Dorjgotov, G., G.N., Gerel, O., Fridovskiy, V.Yu., Gotovsuren, A., Hwang, Duk Hwan, Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia C-31 ] . Nokleberg, W.J., Badarch, in CD-ROM ] . [ CD-ROM Belt is interpreted as having formed in the back-arc rifting or axial part of the Japan arc that is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea plates beneath the East Asia continental margin. Japan arc that is tectonically related to subduction of the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Seaplates beneath the East Asia continental margin. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are interpreted as having formed in the back-arc and axial regions of the ) and 2 Middle Miocene. Isotopic age of 15.5 Ma-13 Ma age for host siliceous igneous rocks. Ma); and late stage (8-2 Ma). Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS deposits suggest two stages of formation: early stage (15-10 Miocene through Quaternary. Many Kuroko-type deposits were formed in the middle Miocene, at about 13 Ma. K-Ar ages of vein limonite deposits formed on flanks of Quaternary volcanoes. 34 33 Sikhote-Alin collage). Chichibu terranes (both part of the Honshu- Veins and replacements related to the Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlies and intrudes the Hiroshima granitic plutonic belt, and Sambagawa, Shimanto, and Mino-Tamba- and South Kitakami terranes (both part of the collage). Layers and veins in the Quaternary Japan volcanic belt and Neogene Japan sedimentary basin that overlie and intrudethe Hiroshima granitic plutonic belt, and the Mino-Tamba-Chichibu Honshu-Sikhote-Alin ] . CD-ROM [ .

] Japan Japan CD-ROM Ag, ± Cu ( ± ) (Horobetsu); 2

and stockwork (Obira); Clastic- sediment-hosted Sb-Au Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork (Yamatosuigin); Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein W) skarn (Chichibu); W-Mo- Ag-Sb vein; Zn-Pb (±Ag, Cu, water (Gumma) Au; Au-Ag epithermal vein (Kishu); Volcanic-hosted Hg; Fe-Mn; Limonite from spring Sn skarn; Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein; Polymetallic Pb-Zn Au) vein and stockwork; Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb- Au) vein and stockwork (Ashio); Mn vein; Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn (Kinjo); Chemical-sedimentary Ag epithermal vein (Sado, Hosokura, Toyoha); Polymetallic (Pb, Zn±Cu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite; Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS Polymetallic Pb-Zn ± Cu (±Ag, Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) (Kosaka, Shakanai); Au-

V.I., Zinchuk, N.N., and Zorina, L.M., Geological2003, Survey Open-File ReportSignificant 03-220, 422 p. metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits, and selected placer districts of Northeast Asia: U.S. Kochnev, A.P., Kostin, A.V., Kuzmin, M.I., Letunov, S.A., Li, Jiliang, Li, Xujun, Malceva, Parfenov,G.D., L.M.,.Melnikov, Popov, V.D.,N.V., Prokopiev,Nikitin, A.V.,V.M., Ratkin, Obolenskiy,V.V., Rodionov, A.A., S.M., Ogasawara,Seminskiy, M.,Z.V., Shpikerman,Orolmaa, V.I.,D., Smelov, A.P., Sotnikov,Sudo, V.I., S.,Spiridonov, Sun,A.V., Stogniy,Fengyue, V.V., Sun, Jiapeng, Sun, Weizhi,. Supletsov, V.M., Timofeev, V.F., Tyan, O.A., Vetluzhskikh, V.G., Xi, Aihua, Yakovlev, Y.V., Yan, Hongquan, Zhizhin, Gombosuren, Berzin, N.A., Diggles, M.F., Hwang, Duk Hwan, Khanchuk, A.I., Miller, R.J. Naumova, V.V., Obolenskiy, A.A., Ogasawara,M., Parfenov, L.M., Prokopiev. A.V., Descriptions of metallogenic belts, methodology, and definitions for Northeast Asia mineral deposit location and metallogenic belt maps: Rodionov, S.M., and Hongquan, Yan, descriptions eds., of map units, and descriptions Digital of metallogenic belts: U.S. Geological files Survey Open-File Report 2004-1252, for 442 p. Northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps, stratigraphic columns, stratigraphic columns, descriptions of map units, and descriptions of metallogenic belts:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1252 [ Prokopiev. A.V., Rodionov, S.M., and Hongquan, Yan, eds., 2004, Digital files for Northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps, Survey Open-File Report 2006-1150 [

spatial data compilation of geodynamic, tectonic, metallogenic, mineral deposit, and geophysical maps and associated descriptive data for Northeast Asia, U.S. Geological

Outer Zone Southwest Japan (OS)

Northeast Japan (NJ) References Cited Ariunbileg, S., Biryul'kin, G.V., Byamba, J., Davydov, Y.V., Dejidmaa, G.,, Distanov, E.G., Dorjgotov, G., G.N., Gerel, O., Fridovskiy, V.Yu., Gotovsuren, A., Hwang, Duk Hwan,

Rodionov, S.M., Obolenskiy, A.A., Dejidmaa, G., Gerel, O., Hwang, D.H., Miller, R.J., Nokleberg, W.J., Ogasawara, M., Smelov, A.P., Yan, H., and Seminskiy, Z.V., 2004, Nokleberg, W.J., Badarch, G., Berzin, N.A., Diggles, M.F., Hwang, Duk Hwan, Khanchuk, A.I., Miller, R.J. Naumova, V.V., Obolenskiy, A.A., Ogasawara, M., Parfenov, L.M., Naumova, V.V., Miller, R.M., Patuk, M.I., Kapitanchuk, M.U., Nokleberg, W.J., Khanchuk, A.I., Parfenov, L.M., and Rodionov, S.M., 2006, Geographic information systems (GIS) C-32 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia