2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced NOTE TO MODERATORS: in answers, information in parentheses is optional extra information. A slash ( / ) indicates an alternate answer. Underlined portions of a longer, narrative answer indicate required information.
ROUND ONE
1. TOSSUP: Welcome to the 2016 VSCL State Finals. We are looking forward to an exciting day, quite the match for any of the great certāmina we have had per annōs. What does per annōs mean? ANS: THROUGH THE YEARS BONUS: What Latin phrase meaning “through a day” is used in English to refer to an allowance or payment to cover expenses incurred by an employee while traveling for work? ANS: PER DIEM
2. TOSSUP: Who journeyed to Ogygia, Thrinacia, and Aeaea on his way home to Ithaca? ANS: ODYSSEUS / ULYSSES BONUS: What daughter of Icarius remained faithful to Odysseus until his eventual return? ANS: PENELOPE
3. TOSSUP: Distinguish in meaning between dolēre and dēlēre. ANS: TO HURT, LAMENT vs. TO DESTROY BONUS: Give two unrelated meanings for the verbs volō and volō. ANS: I FLY vs. I WANT, WISH
4. TOSSUP: Where, off the western coast of Greece, did Octavian and Marcus Antonius fight a naval battle for control of Rome in 31 B.C.? ANS: ACTIUM BONUS: Who served as the admiral for Octavian and used his brilliant tactics to win the battle? ANS: (MARCUS VIPSANIUS) AGRIPPA
5. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “certamen is noble.” ANS: CERTĀMEN NŌBILE EST. BONUS: Say in Latin, “Great glory is the reward of certamen.” ANS: MAGNA GLŌRIA PRAEMIUM CERTĀMINIS EST.
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: Who wept for so long over her children that she was eventually transformed into a stone? ANS: NIOBE BONUS: What deities were responsible for the death of her children after she insulted the divinity of Leto? ANS: APOLLO and ARTEMIS
7. TOSSUP: Give the singular imperative “Jump!” ANS: SALTĀ/SALĪ BONUS: Give the plural command “Kill the noise!” ANS: INTERFICITE SONUM/CLĀMŌREM/TUMULTUM / TACETE / SILETE
i 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 8. TOSSUP: Which modern meal most closely aligns with the Roman ientāculum? ANS: BREAKFAST BONUS: Why didn't the Romans drink coffee? ANS: UNDISCOVERED/DID NOT HAVE IT/NEW WORLD FOOD
9. TOSSUP: What Latin phrase describes the favors a lobbyist is hoping to be granted if she donates a lot of money to a powerful politician? ANS: QUID PRŌ QUŌ BONUS: eheu! That politician was just indicted, and now no one wants to admit knowing her. What Latin phrase describes the current social status of this politician? ANS: PERSŌNA NŌN GRĀTA
10. TOSSUP: At what battle in 321 B.C. did a trapped Roman army surrender to the Samnites and shamefully walk under the yoke? ANS: CAUDINE FORKS BONUS: During which of the three Samnite Wars did the battle of the Caudine Forks occur? ANS: SECOND
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: Listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, and then answer the question in English. omnēs puerī puellaeque fābulam dē testūdine et lepore discunt, sed ego sōla rem vēram intellegō quod pater meus erat testūdo quī vīcit. mē audī! testudō vīcit quod erant duō testūdinēs! certāmen ā frātre patris meī inceptum est. ubi ille testūdō in silvam ambulāvit, pater meus statim ē silvā ambulāvit. quod pater nōn dēfessus erat, ambulāre celeriter ad fīnem certāminis poterat. nōn sōlum erant duō testūdinēs, sed etiam lepus erat stultus! (repeat once)
The question: Who learns about the story? ANS: ALL BOYS AND GIRLS BONUS: Why was the second turtle able to walk quickly? ANS: HE WAS NOT TIRED
12. TOSSUP: What mythological group shared one eye and one tooth between them? ANS: GRAIAE / GREY SISTERS BONUS: Name the individual members of this group. ANS: ENYO, D(E)INO, PEMPHREDO
13. TOSSUP: What indeclinable Latin word is at the root of the following English nouns: squad, quarry, quarantine, quadrilateral? ANS: QUATTUOR BONUS: What Latin verb is at the root of the following English words: conquer, exquisite, acquire, query? ANS: QUAERŌ (QUAERERE)
14. TOSSUP: In the Circus Maximus, what was the name of the central dividing wall that ran through the middle of the racetrack? ANS: SPĪNA BONUS: How many laps around the spīna was a standard chariot race? ANS: SEVEN
ii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 15. TOSSUP: What First Punic War battle in 260 B.C. marked Rome’s first naval victory? ANS: MYLAE BONUS: At what later battle in 249 B.C., in which the Romans were not as fortunate, did the general Claudius Pulcher throw sacred chickens overboard due to his impatience in following the necessary auspices? ANS: DREPANA/DREPANUM
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: What case is used to say “student” in Latin in the following sentence: “Where is your writing instrument, good student? ANS: VOCATIVE BONUS: Respondē Latīnē: Iēcistīne stylum tuum ad hunc (point to any boy in room) puerum? ANS: MINIMĒ / NŌN IĒCĪ (If student answers nōn, prompt “Is this your complete answer?”) / ITA
17. TOSSUP: Whose body was dragged around the walls of Troy three times after being killed in combat by the Greek Achilles? ANS: HECTOR’S BONUS: What mother of Hector and second wife of Priam had been the queen of Troy during the fall of the city? ANS: HECUBA
18. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into English: mea fēlēs sub arbore manēbit quod est avis in arbore. ANS: MY CAT WILL REMAIN BENEATH THE TREE BECAUSE THERE IS A BIRD IN THE TREE. BONUS: Now translate this sentence: ubi avis ex arbore volābit, mea fēlēs capere eam temptābit. ANS: WHEN THE BIRD (WILL FLY) FLIES FROM THE TREE, MY CAT WILL TRY TO CATCH IT.
19. TOSSUP: Known as the “second founder of Rome” which early Roman general and Statesman helped rebuild Rome after it had been sacked by Brennus in 390 B.C.? ANS: (M. FURIUS) CAMILLUS BONUS: What nearby city did Camillus capture for the Romans with the cunning use of tunnels? ANS: VEII
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Welcome to Ipodus Rōmānus! All the puellae Rōmānae are Beliebers! What Justin song would the Roman girls know as Quid Tū Significās? ANS: WHAT DO YOU MEAN? (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: Now we have to talk about Selena Gomez, of course. All of Rome is abuzz wondering if her song is about Justin. What rumor-bringing song do the Romans call Īdem Antīquus Amor? ANS: SAME OLD LOVE (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
iii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced
ROUND TWO
1. TOSSUP: What English noun, derived from the same Latin verb meaning to know, means a complete grammatical unit? ANS: SENTENCE BONUS: What English noun, derived from the Latin verb meaning to know, means an odor left in passing? ANS: SCENT
2. TOSSUP: Who was the first emperor to wear a beard during his reign? ANS: HADRIAN BONUS: Who was Hadrian’s immediate successor? ANS: ANTONINUS PIUS
3. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into English: Ōlim vīdī parvum elephantum. ANS: ONCE UPON A TIME I SAW A LITTLE ELEPHANT BONUS: Translate this sentence to English: Parvus elephantus nōn timētur ab ingentī mūre. ANS: THE LITTLE ELEPHANT IS NOT FEARED BY THE HUGE MOUSE.
4. TOSSUP: Lost in the burning city of Troy, who was the first wife of Aeneas? ANS: CREUSA BONUS: Upon arrival in Italy, whom did Aeneas eventually marry? ANS: LAVINIA
5. TOSSUP: Knowing that arātrum, arātrī is a second declension neuter noun meaning plow, listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, then answer in Latin the quaestio that follows.
sum Herculēs. ōlim agricola miser mē precibus vocāvit. “Ō Herculēs,” agricola inquit, “arātrum meum est inūtile. arātrum movērī nōn potest. amābō tē, arātrum movē!” subitō ante eum ego apparuī. ego agricolae respondī. “quid facere temptāvistī? esne ignāvus? prīmum necesse est tibi id temptāre. arātrum movēre possum, sed tū etiam potes. nōlī mē vexāre!” (repeat once)
Quaestio: Quid agricola cupiēbat Herculem facere? ANS: TEMPTĀRE (MOVĒRE ARĀTRUM) BONUS: Quid necesse est agricolae facere prīmum? ANS: (IPSE) TEMPTĀRE MOVĒRE ARĀTRUM
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: At what event in ancient Rome would you be most likely to see wax masks of a person's ancestors? ANS: FUNERAL BONUS: What was the Roman term for these masks? ANS: IMĀGŌ/IMĀGINĒS
iv 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 7. TOSSUP: Around forty thousand Roman troops were killed during what defeat in 216 B.C. at the hands of Hannibal? ANS: CANNAE BONUS: Name one Roman commander at that battle. ANS: Either (LUCIUS AEMILIUS) PAULLUS or (GAIUS TERENTIUS) VARRO
8. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “Work conquers harsh things.” ANS: LĀBOR ASPERA VINCIT BONUS: Say in Latin “The truth has set me free.” ANS: VĒRITĀS MĒ LĪBERĀVIT.
9. TOSSUP: Which son of Zeus and Danae rashly promised to bring the head of the gorgon Medusa as a wedding present for his mother's marriage to Polydectes? ANS: PERSEUS BONUS: Name one of the two gods that helped Perseus complete his perilous task and how they did so. ANS: HERMES - PROVIDED PERSEUS WITH (AT LEAST ONE OF) PAIR OF FLYING SANDALS, MAGIC WALLET, AND HELMET OF INVISIBILITY OR ATHENA - PROVIDED PERSEUS WITH MIRROR-LIKE SHIELD
10. TOSSUP: If I were to tell you that an old witch changed the consul into a cow, what case would the cow go into in a Latin sentence? ANS: ACCUSATIVE BONUS: The Latin word for a grammatical case is cāsus, cāsūs (m), but the word for a case or chest is arca, arcae (f). What form of arca, arcae would be used to say in Latin, “The cow is uncomfortable in that case? ANS: ARCĀ
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: Which Roman general and statesman of the late Republic did away with the longstanding requirement that a Roman soldier own land? ANS: (GAIUS) MARIUS BONUS: How many times was Marius elected to the consulship? ANS: SEVEN
12. TOSSUP: Which Greek god, immediately after he was born, stole the cattle of Apollo and disguised the hoof tracks so nobody could discover his mischief? ANS: HERMES BONUS: After Apollo discovered Hermes' trick, what item, which he made from a tortoise shell, did Hermes trade with Apollo for the cattle? ANS: LYRE
13. TOSSUP: People often use the future perfect tense in making promises: “Don’t worry, by the time you get here, I will have prepared the dinner.” Give the Latin verb form for “I will have prepared.” ANS: PARĀVERŌ BONUS: Tell me in Latin, the dinner had been prepared yesterday. ANS: CĒNA HERĪ PARĀTA ERAT
14. TOSSUP: What monument in Rome was established to commemorate the conquest of the Dacians? ANS: TRAJAN'S COLUMN BONUS: What monument in Rome, found near the Colosseum, was established to comemorate the first-century AD sack of Jerusalem? ANS: ARCH OF TITUS
v 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 15. TOSSUP: Distinguish in meaning between celeritās and celer. ANS: SPEED vs, QUICK, FAST BONUS: Distinguish in meaning between vēr and per. ANS: SPRING / THROUGH
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: Which Julio-Claudian emperor was married to both Vipsania and Julia the Elder? ANS: TIBERIUS BONUS: To what island did Tiberius retire for the final years of his reign? ANS: CAPRI
17. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “I did not touch you, Tacitus.” ANS: TĒ NŌN TETIGĪ, TACITE. BONUS: Say in Latin, “You all had been touched on the head.” ANS: (VŌS OMNĒS) IN CAPITE/CAPITIBUS TACTĪ ERĀTIS
18. TOSSUP: What is the Latin motto of the U.S. Marines? ANS: SEMPER FIDĒLIS BONUS: What is the Latin motto of the U.S. Coast Guard? ANS: SEMPER PARĀTUS
19. TOSSUP: Unfortunately, deities were not always forgiving, even toward their most devout followers. Who transformed one follower, an Arcadian huntress, into a bear because of her affair with Zeus? ANS: ARTEMIS BONUS: Who was the son of this huntress and Zeus? ANS: ARCAS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Welcome to TV Rōmānus! The Romans love watching old TV shows. What classic show do the Romans call Ego Amō Lūciam. ANS: I LOVE LUCY (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation, including “I Love Lucia”) BONUS: What show do the Romans call Diēs Laetī? ANS: HAPPY DAYS (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
vi 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced ROUND THREE
1. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence to English: Quam dulcem currum habēs! ANS: WHAT A SWEET CHARIOT YOU HAVE! BONUS: Translate this sentence to English: Ita vērō, currus tus est labor artis amōrisque. ANS: YES INDEED, YOUR CHARIOT IS A WORK OF ART/SKILL AND LOVE.
2. TOSSUP: After spending several years subduing hostile tribes, who refused to disband his armies when he came home from Gaul in 49 B.C., effectively declaring war on his enemies in Rome? ANS: (GAIUS JULIUS) CAESAR BONUS: Give the exact date (month, day, and year) of Julius Caesar’s assassination. ANS: MARCH 15, 44 B.C. / 510 A.U.C. (prompt on Ides Of March)
3. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “This is easy.” ANS: HOC/ID EST FACILE. BONUS: Say in Latin, “We are always prepared for everything.” ANS: (NŌS) SUMUS SEMPER PARĀTĪ/PARĀTAE OMNIBUS (REBUS)
4. TOSSUP: Proving his incredible strength, Heracles accidentally killed what music teacher by bashing him with a lyre? ANS: LINUS BONUS: Presumably, Heracles enjoyed his lessons in chariot-driving better since he did not kill his teacher. What man who raised him also trained him in this skill? ANS: AMPHITRYON
5. TOSSUP: Quid significat Anglicē dum? ANS: WHILE / UNTIL / AS LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT BONUS: Quid significat Anglicē cūr? ANS: WHY
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: In the late third century AD, which emperor divided the administration of the empire among four different rulers? ANS: DIOCLETIAN BONUS: What is the name given by historians to this system of government? ANS: TETRARCHY
7. TOSSUP: Give the correct form of ingēns, ingentis to complete the following sentence: meum cerēbrum est ______(N.B., Moderator, please read as “blank”). ANS: INGĒNS BONUS: Now do the same for possum vidēre eōrum cerēbra ______. ANS: INGENTIA
8. TOSSUP: Of caligae, pallae, soleae, and calceī, which was not a form of Roman footwear? ANS: PALLAE BONUS: What article of clothing was a palla? ANS: SHAWL/DRAPE/MANTLE
vii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 9. TOSSUP: The Latin idiom comitiam habēre means to hold an election. Listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, and then answer in English the question that follows. patria mea comitiam habet. quid facere dēbeō? candidātī mihi nōn placent. multī cīvēs manūs ad caelum tollunt et dīcunt, “oculōs nostrōs claudēmus et in lectīs nostrīs manēbimus. nēmō nōs iuvāre potest.” sed oculōs meōs claudere nōn possum. cōnsilium capiam. ego mē nōminābō! (repeat once)
The question: What do many citizens plan to do? ANS: SHUT THEIR EYES AND STAY IN THEIR BEDS BONUS: What is my plan? ANS: TO NOMINATE/PICK/VOTE FOR MYSELF
10. TOSSUP: Retold in Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream, what tale of two lovers takes place in Babylon? ANS: PYRAMUS and THISBE BONUS: At what former king of Babylon’s tomb did the lovers plan to meet on the night they were to run away together from their homes? ANS: NINUS’
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: From what Latin verb do the following English words derive: arrest, constitution, distance, stance? ANS: STŌ (STĀRE) BONUS: From what Latin verb do the following English words derive: cost, contrast, destine, solstice? ANS: STŌ (STĀRE)
12. TOSSUP: Nothing was more terrifying to the Romans than a strong woman. Which queen of the Iceni led a revolt against the Romans during the reign of Nero? ANS: BOUDICCA BONUS: Of course, a strong woman on your side could be nice…right? What woman was romantically linked with members of both the first and second Triumvirates? ANS: CLEOPATRA
13. TOSSUP: Translate the motto of Brooklyn College: nil sine magnō labōre? ANS: NOTHING WITHOUT GREAT WORK BONUS: Brooklyn College is in New York. What is the Latin motto of the state of New York? ANS: EXCELSIOR
14. TOSSUP: What was the term for a husband's legal authority over his wife—an authority only granted under certain marriages and which fell out of favor later in Roman history? ANS: MANUS BONUS: What was the name for the form of manus-conferring marriage in which there was a fictitious sale of the bride to the groom? ANS: COEMPTIŌ
15. TOSSUP: What Phrygian couple was transformed into intertwined oak and linden trees? ANS: BAUCIS and PHILEMON BONUS: What god was in the company of Jupiter when the king of the gods was the guest of Baucis and Philemon? ANS: MERCURY
viii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: What is the case use of the word luna, lunae (f.) in this sentence: possumus vidēre lūce lūnae? ANS: GENITIVE POSSESSION / SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE BONUS: What is the case and use of lūce in the same sentence? ANS: ABLATIVE OF MEANS/INSTRUMENT / CAUSE
17. TOSSUP: What Etruscan king fought against Rome in an attempt to reestablish Tarquinius as king? ANS: (LARS) PORSENNA BONUS: What man showed Porsenna the courage of the Romans when he stuck his right hand into a fire? ANS: (MUCIUS) SCAEVOLA
18. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “Surely you like to eat fish?” ANS: NŌNNE/CERTĒ PISCĒS DĒVŌRĀRE/EDERE/CONSUMERE AMĀ(TI)S? BONUS: Say in Latin, “Give me some fish too!” ANS: DĀ MIHI QUOQUE PISCEM
19. TOSSUP: Who won the hand of Hippodamia by defeating her father Oenomaus in a chariot race by betraying the servant who had helped him secure victory, thus bringing about a curse upon his descendants? ANS: PELOPS BONUS: Pelops had a body part made of Ivory. Which one was it and why? ANS: SHOULDER because DEMETER HAD ACCIDENTALLY EATEN HIS SHOULDER when he had been served to the gods by Tantalus.
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Welcome to Cinema Rōmāna! What current action movie would the Romans call Vir Vespertiliōnum Adversum Virum Potentem: Aurōra Iūstitiae? ANS: BATMAN V SUPERMAN: DAWN OF JUSTICE (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: What recent rom-com do the Romans call meae magnae obēsae Graecae nūptiae secundae? ANS: MY BIG FAT GREEK WEDDING TWO (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
ix 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced EXTRAS
Language
1. TOSSUP: The Latin word for cookie is crustulum, crustulī (n), and fortune is fortūna, fortūnae (f), but the one thing a fortune cookie would NOT be is fortūna crustulum. In Latin, say either “a fortune in a cookie” or “a cookie of fortune.” ANS: FORTŪNA IN CRUSTULŌ/CRUSTULUM FORTŪNAE BONUS: Now say in Latin, “I have read my fortune cookies in vain!” ANS: FRUSTRĀ LĒGĪ MEA CRUSTULA FORTŪNAE.
2. TOSSUP: What Latin phrase does William Shakespeare attribute to the dying Julius Caesar? ANS: ET TŪ, BRŪTE BONUS: The assassins of Julius Caesar claimed that they needed to get rid of Caesar for the public good. What Latin phrase might they have used? ANS: PRŌ BONŌ PUBLICŌ
3. TOSSUP: Welcome to Ipodus Rōmānus! Adele is having a great run in the Roman Empire. Translate the following Adele lyric that all the Romans are singing: salvē. tūne mē audīre potes. ANS: HELLO. CAN YOU HEAR ME? (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: How good is your Adele memory? Translate this line from Adele’s Set Fire To The Rain: et nōs iēcī in flammās. ANS: AND I THREW US INTO THE FLAMES (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
4. TOSSUP: Which of the following, if any, are not derived from the same Latin root: assiduous, assess, besiege, obsess, size? ANS: SAME ROOT BONUS: Which of the following, if any, are not derived from the same Latin root: transcribe, scruple, scribble, scrivener, prescription? ANS: SCRUPLE
5. TOSSUP: Quid significat Anglicē ipse? ANS: HIMSELF BONUS: Quid significat Anglicē nam? ANS: FOR/THUS
6. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into Latin: “This book is ancient but I wish to read it.” ANS: HIC LIBER ANTIQUUS EST SED VOLŌ ID/EUM LEGERE. BONUS: “I can scarcely read these things.” ANS: VIX POSSUM HAEC LEGERE.
7. TOSSUP: Translate into English: Fortēs equitēs malōs hostēs puniēbant? ANS: THE BRAVE KNIGHTS WERE PUNISHING THE EVIL ENEMIES BONUS: Translate into English: Hostēs equitum omnēs populōs necābunt. ANS: THE ENEMIES OF THE KNIGHTS WILL KILL ALL THE PEOPLE
x 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 8. TOSSUP: Translate “Sicily” as it would appear in the following sentence: “The slaves decided to run away from Sicily.” ANS: SICILIĀ BONUS: How about in this sentence: “We are going to remain in Sicily.” ANS: (IN) SICILIĀ (N.B. Locative does not apply as Sicily is considered a large island)
Myth
1. TOSSUP: Which god took the place of Hestia on Mount Olympus and was the son of a mortal woman named Semele? ANS: DINOYSUS BONUS: Who tricked Semele into asking Zeus to reveal his true form and was burned alive, nearly killing Dionysus? ANS: HERA
2. TOSSUP: Who had to yoke two fire-breathing bulls, plow a field of Ares, and sow the teeth of a dragon in order to gain the Golden Fleece from Aeetes, king of Colchis? ANS: JASON BONUS: To gain the throne of what kingdom did Jason go on his expedition on the Argo with other heroes? ANS: IOLCUS
3. TOSSUP: Who fell in love with a nymph who was killed by snakebite on their wedding day, and mourned for the rest of his life? ANS: ORPHEUS BONUS: Who was the mother of Orpheus, one of the nine Muses? ANS: CALLIOPE
4. TOSSUP: Which hero volunteered to be part of the annual tribute paid to Crete of seven noble youths and seven noble maidens, hoping to earn glory by killing the Minotaur awaiting him on the island’s dreaded labyrinth? ANS: THESEUS BONUS: Which daughter of the Cretan king Minos fell in love with Theseus and provided him with a spool of thread to trace his path out of the labyrinth? ANS: ARIADNE
History
1. TOSSUP: Place the following battles of the Second Punic War in chronological order: Zama, Ticinus River, Cannae, Lake Trasimene? ANS: TICINUS RIVER, LAKE TRASIMENE, CANNAE, ZAMA BONUS: In what year was the battle of Ticinus River? ANS: 218 BC
2. TOSSUP: Which Roman king built walls around Rome, organized the social classes, and conducted the first census? ANS: SERVIUS TULLIUS BONUS: What was Servius Tullius’ miserable fate? ANS: MURDERED BY HIS OWN DAUGTHER (she ran him over with a chariot)
3. TOSSUP: How many men held the title of emperor in the year 69 AD? ANS: FOUR BONUS: Name two of them. ANS: GALBA/OTHO/VITELLIUS/VESPASIAN
xi 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 4. TOSSUP: A favorite horse and an attack against Poseidon marked the reign of which emperor of Rome? ANS: CALIGULA BONUS: After what is Caligula named? ANS: LITTLE BOOTS (that he would wear around camp when he was a child)
Culture
1. TOSSUP: What city was called Lutetia in Roman times? ANS: PARIS BONUS: What other French city was called Lugdunum? ANS: LYONS
2. TOSSUP: What festival—which featured many inversions of social norms, such as masters serving slaves—did the Romans celebrate at the end of the year? ANS: SATURNALIA BONUS: What February festival, made famous in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, was a celebration of fertility and featured, among other celebrations, young men running naked through the streets striking bystanders with goatskin straps? ANS: LUPERCALIA
3. TOSSUP: What Italian coastal city served as the final terminus of the Via Appia? ANS: BRUNDISIUM BONUS: The Via Appia originally ended far short of Brundisium. Where was its original end? ANS: CAPUA
4. TOSSUP: If you were walking through the Forum and saw a Roman wearing a shiny white toga, what could you conclude he was doing? ANS: RUNNING FOR OFFICE/CAMPAIGNING BONUS: What was this shiny toga called? ANS: TOGA CANDIDA
xii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced FINAL ROUND
1. TOSSUP: Welcome to TV Romanus! The Romans love reality shows. What show do the Romans call Culīna Orcī? ANS: HELL’S KITCHEN BONUS: What show do the Romans call Saltātiō Matrēs? ANS: DANCE MOMS BONUS: What show do the Romans call Mīrum Certāmen? ANS: THE AMAZING RACE
2. TOSSUP: The name of what type of bread literally means twice-cooked? ANS: BISCUIT BONUS: What place in the house derives from a Latin food name and is used to store food? ANS: PANTRY BONUS: Which of the following is derived from Latin: house, yard, kitchen, bathroom, den? ANS: KITCHEN
3. TOSSUP: According to Sophocles, what seer accused Oedipus of defiling Thebes by killing his father Laius and marrying his mother Jocasta? ANS: TEIRESIAS BONUS: Name either of the foster parents of Oedipus who raised him in Corinth, altering receiving him from the shepherd who was supposed to expose him. ANS: MEROPE or POLYBUS BONUS: Teireisas also had his advice ignored several generations before Oedipus when he tried to advise what earlier king of Thebes to accept the worship of Dionysus? ANS: PENTHEUS
4. TOSSUP: What Emperor blamed the Christians for a massive fire that swept through Rome? ANS: NERO BONUS: In what year did the fire occur? ANS: 64 A.D. BONUS: What did Nero build on the space cleared by the fire? ANS: DOMUS AUREA
5. TOSSUP: Keeping in mind that lōcusta, lōcustae is a first declension noun that means grasshopper, listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, and then answer the question that follows in English.
ōlim asinus carmina lōcustārum audīvit. mūsica asinō valdē placēbat. animal cantāre volēbat. “Ō lōcustae,” rogāvit asinus, “quid cōnsūmitis?” lōcustae asinō respondunt. “cōnsūmimus aquam quae in herbā invenītur antequam sōl surgit.” asinus diū cogitābat et consilium cēpit. “ego sōlum cibum lōcustārum cōnsūmam,” inquit asinus. eheū! asinus mortuus est quod numquam herbam cōnsūmpsit. (repeat once)
The question: What was pleasing to the donkey? ANS: THE SOUND/MUSIC OF THE GRASSHOPPERS BONUS: What do the grasshoppers tell the donkey? ANS: THEY EAT DEW / THE WATER WHICH IS FOUND ON THE GRASS BONUS: Why did the donkey end up dying? ANS: HE NEVER ATE THE GRASS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
xiii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced
6. TOSSUP: In 55 BC, Pompey achieved a noteworthy first when he established Rome's first permanent structure of what kind? ANS: THEATER BONUS: Prior to the building of Pompey’s theater, permanent stone theaters were forbidden in Rome. As part of his plan to sidestep this restriction, Pompey made the building dual-purpose by building what other structure into the complex? ANS: TEMPLE (TO VENUS VICTRIX) BONUS: Julius Caesar was famously murdered in the Theater of Pompey, during a meeting of the Senate. What was the name of the Senate house that had burned down, compelling the Senate to meet elsewhere? ANS: CURIA (HOSTILIA)
7. TOSSUP: Give two Latin conjunctions for the English word and. ANS: ATQUE / AC / ET BONUS: Give two ways to say therefore in Latin. ANS: (any two of) ERGO / ITAQUE / IGITUR BONUS: Which of these words is the best antonym for diū? nunc, ōlim, paulisper, umquam. ANS: PAULISPER
8. TOSSUP: According to Ovid, What daughter of a king of Miletus was taken by her parents to a rocky mount where Zephyrus brought her to a serene land in which she met her future lover Cupid? ANS: PSYCHE BONUS: Who was furious that her Cupid chose Psyche and was jealous of Psyche's beauty? ANS: VENUS BONUS: Name two of the four tasks Venus assigned to Psyche. ANS: (ANY TWO OF:) SORT A MIXTURE OF GRAIN, FETCH GOLDEN FLEECE FROM FIERCE SHEEP, RETRIEVE WATER FROM THE RIVER STYX, FILL BOX WITH PERSEPHONE'S BEAUTY
9. TOSSUP: The Latin word for cucumber is cucumis, cucumis (m). Translate the following sentence into English: Ecce! Cīvēs cucumēs cūrant. ANS: LOOK! THE CITIZENS CARE FOR/ARE CARING FOR THE CUCUMBERS. BONUS: Express the same idea in the passive voice. ANS: CUCUMĒS A CĪVIBUS CŪRANTUR BONUS: Using the adjective frīgidulus, frīgidula, frīgidulum meaning cool, say in Latin, “Why can’t the cool cucumbers be cared for by the seven sad sailors? ANS: CŪR CUCUMĒS FRĪGIDULĪ A SEPTEM MISERĪS NAUTĪS CŪRĀRĪ NŌN POSSUNT?
10. TOSSUP: Which Roman emperor issued the Edict of Milan, which made it legal to be Christian? ANS: CONSTANTINE BONUS: In what year was the Edict of Milan issued? ANS: 313 AD BONUS: Constantine was not the most humble man. What city did he rename after himself when he decided to found a new capital of the empire? ANS: BYZANTIUM
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
xiv 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced
11. TOSSUP: Identify the case and number of the phrase fortium fēlium. ANS: GENITIVE PLURAL BONUS: Now do the same for exercitūs celeris. ANS: GENITIVE SINGULAR BONUS: Now do the same for diē constitūtā. ANS: ABLATIVE SINGULAR
12. TOSSUP: What is the name of the river of unbreakable oaths? ANS: STYX BONUS: What is the name of the river of fire? ANS: (PYRI)PHLEGETHON BONUS: What is the name of the river or forgetfulness? ANS: LETHE
13. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “Don’t have a cow, man.” ANS: NŌLĪ BOVEM/VACCAM HABĒRE, VIR BONUS: Using the Latin substantive aliēnus, aliēnī, say in Latin “You singular are being captured by aliens. ANS: (TU) CAPERIS AB ALIĒNĪS BONUS: Say in Latin, “The cows have already been captured.” ANS: BOVĒS/VACCAE IAM CAPTAE SUNT
14. TOSSUP: What case is used to express place to which, extent of space, and duration of time? ANS: ACCUSATIVE BONUS: What case is used in partitive expressions? ANS: GENITIVE BONUS: What case is used to express time within which? ANS: ABLATIVE
15. TOSSUP: Which king of Pontus, whom Rome defeated mildly at battles such as Chaeronea, Orchomenus, and Lycus, was finally defeated in 63 B.C.? ANS: MITHRIDATES VI/THE GREAT BONUS: Who rushed peace talks with Mithridates in 84 B.C. because he was in a hurry to get back to Rome and deal with political trouble there? ANS: (LUCIUS CORNELIUS) SULLA BONUS: What was the name of the hasty treaty between Sulla and Mithridates? ANS: TREATY OF DARDANUS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: What was the title of the chief priest of Jupiter? ANS: FLĀMEN DIALIS BONUS: What was the term for a fortune-teller who used animal entrails to provide his prophesies? ANS: HARUSPEX BONUS: What office, established after the expulsion of the monarchs in 510 B.C., carried out some of the religions functions formerly performed by the king? Although superior in rank and precedence to the pontifex maximus, this office was considered inferior in religious authority. ANS: RĒX SACRŌRUM
xv 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 17. TOSSUP: Give the genitive singular forms of hic, ille, ego, and tū. ANS: HUIUS, ILLIUS, MEĪ, TUĪ BONUS: Give the accusative singular form in all three genders for hic. ANS: HUNC (M.), HANC (F.), HOC (N.) BONUS: The pronoun tū has two forms in its genitive plural. Give them both. ANS: VESTRUM, VESTRĪ
18. TOSSUP: Who were the two rivalrous sons of Septimius Severus who ruled jointly until one murdered the other? ANS: CARACALLA, GETA BONUS: Name Severus’ second wife who bore him these sons. ANS: JULIA DOMNA BONUS: What was the significance of the Constitutio Antoniniana, a law promulgated by Caracalla in 212 A.D.? ANS: EXTENDED ROMAN CITIZENSHIP TO ALL FREE INHABITANTS OF THE EMPIRE
19. TOSSUP: What hero slept a night upon the altar of Athena, dreaming that the goddess gave him a golden bridle and instructed him to sacrifice a bull to Poseidon the Tamer, and awoke to find the bridle on the ground beside him, which he then used to tame the winged Pegasus? ANS: BELLEROPHON BONUS: Who was the old seer who instructed him to sleep upon the altar? ANS: POLYIDUS BONUS: What group of warrior women did Bellerophon fight with the aid of his steed Pegasus? ANS: AMAZONS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Translate the Latin motto of the state of Kansas: ad astra per aspera? ANS: TO THE STARS THROUGH DIFFICULTIES BONUS: What is the Latin motto of Oklahoma? ANS: LABOR OMNIA VINCIT BONUS: Translate the Latin motto of the state of Arkansas: virtūte et armīs? ANS: BY VIRTUE AND ARMS
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
Please record the final results here and return this document to Howard Chang: Place School Final Score 1st 2nd 3rd
xvi 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced OVERTIME: Only use in the event of a tie, which should be broken by simple mathematical majority.
1. TOSSUP: Using the adjective rēgālis, rēgāle meaning “royal,” say in Latin “We’ll never be royals, royals.” ANS: NUMQUAM ERIMUS RĒGĀLĒS, RĒGĀLĒS.
2. TOSSUP: Theseus broke Ariadne's heart and abandoned her on the island of Naxos. Which god later visited Naxos and married Ariadne jubilantly? ANS: DINOYSUS
3. TOSSUP: Which Roman emperor after Constantine was brought up a Christian but tried to marginalize Christianity by decreeing toleration of all religions and ordering the restoration of old religious cults, priesthoods, and temples? ANS: JULIAN (THE APOSTATE)
4. TOSSUP: What famous book and movie would the Romans have called bellum mundōrum? ANS: WAR OF THE WORLDS (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
5. TOSSUP: In what modern day country were the ancient cities Deva, Eburacum, and Aquae Sulis located? ANS: ENGLAND (UK)
DOUBLE-OVERTIME: Only use in the event of a second tie, which should be broken by simple mathematical majority.
1. TOSSUP: Let’s go for a picnic. The Latin word for ant is formīca, formīcae (f). What would be the case of the noun formīca, formīcae in the sentence, “The roasted squash and pickled tripe pleased the huge ants in the park.” ANS: DATIVE
2. TOSSUP: What group of 24 priests, chosen from patricians, dressed in military garb and bore arms as they processed during the festivals of Mars, halting only to carry out ritual dances and sing their ancient hymn, the carmen saliare? ANS: SALII
3. TOSSUP: Which of the labors of Heracles required him to slay a two-headed dog named Orthrus? ANS: CATTLE OF GERYON
4. TOSSUP: Who, upon the passage of the lex Manilia of 66 B.C. had to surrender to Pompey his command against Mithridates the very next year? ANS: (LUCIUS LICINIUS) LUCULLUS
5. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into English: Lūce lūnae argenteae, volō cantāre. ANS: BY THE LIGHT OF THE SILVERY/SILVER MOON, I WANT TO CROON/SING
IF A TIE REMAINS AT THIS POINT, PLEASE CONTACT HOWARD CHANG IMMEDIATELY via text at 571-241-9027.
xvii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I NOTE TO MODERATORS: in answers, information in parentheses is optional extra information. A slash ( / ) indicates an alternate answer. Underlined portions of a longer, narrative answer indicate required information.
ROUND ONE
1. TOSSUP: If you were spending the afternoon at the beach on a sunny day, how would you respond to the question, “Quaenam est tempestās hodiē?” ANS: SŌL LŪCET BONUS: What would you say if the skies clouded over and it started to rain? ANS: PLUIT
2. TOSSUP: What Olympian was thrown from Mount Olympus by his mother Hera? ANS: HEPHAESTUS BONUS: Which god got Hephaestus drunk and brought him back to Olympus and release Hera, whom he had trapped on a golden throne? ANS: DIONYSUS
3. TOSSUP: From what Latin verb with what meaning does the English words “monitor” and “admonish” derive? ANS: MONEŌ, TO WARN/ADVISE BONUS: From what Latin verb with what meaning does the English word “belligerent” derive? ANS: GERŌ, TO WAGE/WEAR/CARRY
4. TOSSUP: Which king of Rome conducted the first census and built a famous wall that stood until the 3rd century AD? ANS: SERVIUS TULLIUS BONUS: What man conspired with Servius Tullius’ daughter to run over the king on the Via Scelerata? ANS: TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS
5. TOSSUP: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Quod puer cēnam magnam cōnsūmit, aeger est. ANS: BECAUSE THE BOY ATE A LARGE/BIG/GREAT DINNER, HE IS SICK BONUS: Now translate: Et cibum et vīnum ad templum deōrum portābāmus. ANS: WE WERE CARRYING BOTH FOOD AND WINE TO THE TEMPLE OF THE GODS/THE GODS’ TEMPLE.
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: What group was comprised of Lachesis, Atropos, and Clotho? ANS: THE FATES/MOIRAE BONUS: What Latin name for the group derives from the verb meaning “to spare”? ANS: PARCAE
7. TOSSUP: Say in Latin: “It is necessary to drink water.” ANS: NECESSE EST BIBERE AQUAM. BONUS: Now say in Latin: "We lived in the town near the river.” ANS: IN OPPIDŌ PROPE FLŪMEN HABITĀVIMUS/VĪXIMUS.
i 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 8. TOSSUP: Which Roman class was made up of those whose possessions totaled less than $20,000? ANS: PLEBEIAN BONUS: What office was instituted to protect the interest of the plebs? ANS: TRIBUNE
9. TOSSUP: Quid Anglicē significat ‘cīvitās’? ANS: STATE/CITY-STATE/CITIZENRY/CITIZENSHIP BONUS: Quid Anglicē significat ‘ordō? ANS: RANK/ORDER/ROW/CLASS/STATION/LINE (OF SOLDIERS)
10. TOSSUP: What Ptolemaic woman was so charming that she was able to heavily influence the history of the Late Republic through her personal relationship with Caesar and Mark Antony? ANS: CLEOPATRA BONUS: At what battle in 31 B.C. were her ambitious plans for a larger Ptolemaic empire crushed when Octavian and Agrippa defeated her armada? ANS: ACTIUM
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: Please listen to the following passage about Perseus, which I will read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. N.B. The Latin word arca, which will appear in this passage, is used to mean “chest,” as in a wooden box with a lid in which items are stored or packed for transit.
Ōlim Ācrisius Perseum, nepōtem suum, interficere volēbat; nam propter ōrāculum puerum timēbat. Itaque Perseum infantem comprehendit, et cum mātre in arcā inclūsit. Tum arcam in mare coniēcit. (repeat once)
The question: Why was Acrisius afraid of Perseus? ANS: BECAUSE OF AN ORACLE/PROPHECY ANS: BONUS: What did Acrisius do after he seized Perseus? ANS: HE SHUT HIM IN A CHEST WITH HIS MOTHER
12. TOSSUP: What son of Zeus & Danae accidentally fulfilled a prophecy by killing his grandfather with an errant discus after he saved Andromeda and slew Medusa? ANS: PERSEUS BONUS: Who were the two immortal sisters of Medusa, the only mortal Gorgon? ANS: STHENO, EURYALE
13. TOSSUP: Give the accusative singular of the phrase “miserable journey.” ANS: ITER MISERUM BONUS: Now make that plural. ANS: ITINERA MISERA
14. TOSSUP: Which of the following, if any, is not a Roman coin: as, aureus, sesterces, prandium ANS: PRANDIUM BONUS: Which of the following, if any, is not a Roman food or drink: ūva, ōvum, mālum, mel, mulsum ANS: NONE (THEY ARE ALL ROMAN FOODS/DRINKS)
ii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I
15. TOSSUP: What year was the year of the four emperors? ANS: 69 A.D. BONUS: Vespasian, the last of the emperors in 69, was the founder of what dynasty? ANS: FLAVIAN
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: What is the translation of the motto of the site of the 2016 NJCL Convention at Indiana University, Lūx et Veritās? ANS: LIGHT AND TRUTH BONUS: What Ivy League University in the northeast shares that same motto? ANS: YALE
17. TOSSUP: Responde Anglicē: Quid erat prīmus labor Herculis? ANS: NEMEAN LION BONUS: Responde Anglicē: Capere quem canem erat ultimus labor Herculis? ANS: CERBERUS
18. TOSSUP: What use of the ablative is in this sentence? Nauta ad terram novam magnō cum gaudiō nāvigābit. ANS: ABLATIVE, MANNER BONUS: What use of the ablative is in this sentence? Mīlēs hostem gladiō vulnerābat. ANS: ABLATIVE, MEANS/INSTRUMENT
19. TOSSUP: Who was the co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius from 161 to 169 A.D.? ANS: LUCIUS VERUS BONUS: What son of Marcus Aurelius succeeded him as emperor? ANS: COMMODUS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Welcome to the iPod Rōmāna! What popular 2016 tune might the Romans have called amā tē? ANS: LOVE YOURSELF (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: What popular 2016 tune might the Romans have called īdem amor vetus? ANS: SAME OLD LOVE (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
iii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I ROUND TWO
1. TOSSUP: From what Latin verb with what meaning do we derive the English words inductive, deduce, conductor, and aqueduct. ANS: DUCŌ, TO LEAD BONUS: From what Latin verb with what meaning do we derive the English words script, subscribe, prescription, and scribble. ANS: SCRĪBŌ, TO WRITE
2. TOSSUP: What former gladiator led a spirited rebellion against the Romans that ultimately ended with his defeat by Crassus and his crucifixion on the Via Appia? ANS: SPARTACUS BONUS: To what office was Crassus elected in 70 B.C. largely thanks to his success against the rogue slave? ANS: CONSUL
3. TOSSUP: Please listen to the following passage continuing the life of Perseus, which I will read twice, and answer in LATIN the question that follows.
Iuppiter tamen omnia vīderat, et fīlium suum servāre cōnstituit. Itaque mare tranquillum fēcit, et arcam ad īnsulam Serīphum perdūxit. Huius īnsulae tum rēx erat Polydectēs. (Repeat)
The question: Quid Iuppiter facere cōnstituit? ANS: SERVĀRE FĪLIUM SUUM BONUS: Quō Iuppiter arcam perdūxit? ANS: AD ĪNSULAM (SERĪPHUM)
4. TOSSUP: What Theban king denied the divinity of Dionysus? ANS: PENTHEUS BONUS: Name the mother of Pentheus who led the mob of Maenads that tore him apart, limb from limb, while in a Bacchic frenzy? ANS: AGAVE
5. TOSSUP: Respondē Latīnē: Quot sunt octō minus trēs? ANS: QUĪNQUE BONUS: Quot sunt undecim et septem? ANS: DUODĒVĪGINTĪ
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: Where in ancient Rome would I be if I could see ōva et delphīnī, factiōnēs, carcerēs, mappae, and mētae ? ANS: CIRCUS / CIRCUS MAXIMUS BONUS: And where in ancient Rome would I be if I could see a hypocaustum, apodytērium, palaestra, frigidārium, and caldārium? ANS: THERMAE/ BALNEAE
7. TOSSUP: What nephew of Alexander the Great defeated the Romans several times in the early third-century B.C., though often at a heavy cost to his army? ANS: PYRRHUS BONUS: Where was Pyrrhus finally defeated by the Romans in 275 B.C.? ANS: BENEVENTUM
8. TOSSUP: What modern day country did the Romans call Hibernia? ANS: IRELAND BONUS: What did the Romans call Scotland? ANS: CALĒDONIA
iv 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 9. TOSSUP: Say in Latin: “The lazy farmer was not working in the fields.” ANS: AGRICOLA ĪGNĀVUS IN AGRĪS NŌN LABŌRĀBAT. BONUS: Now say: “Look! He is sleeping under a tree.” ANS: ECCE! SUB ARBORE DORMIT.
10. TOSSUP: What sculptor of Cyprus created a beautiful statue that was turned into a real woman? ANS: PYGMALION BONUS: According to Ovid’s Metamorphoses, what goddess turned the statue into a living woman? ANS: VENUS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: What are the case and use of the word “king “ in the following Latin sentence? Nauta fortis sorōrem rēgis servāvit. ANS: GENITIVE, POSSESSION BONUS: What are the case and use of the word “king “ in the following Latin sentence? Rēgīna per viās cum rēge ambulābat. ANS: ABLATIVE, ACCOMPANIMENT
12. TOSSUP: Who was Diocletian’s co-Augustus in the tetrarchy? ANS: MAXIMIAN BONUS: In what year did Diocletian form the Tetrarchy? ANS: 293 A.D.
13. TOSSUP: Who was the leading chieftain and head commander of the Greek armies at Troy? ANS: AGAMEMNON BONUS: Of what city-state was Agamemnon the king? ANS: MYCENAE
14. TOSSUP: Give the second person, plural imperfect indicative of sum, esse. ANS: ERĀTIS BONUS: Keeping all else the same, make it perfect. ANS: FUISTIS
15. TOSSUP: When Wendy is making a decision about moving, what type of list might she create when weighing the positives and negatives? ANS: PRO AND CON(TRA) BONUS: When Wendy decides to remain where she is, what two word Latin phrase would she say to express “for the time being?” ANS: PRO TEMPORE
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: Of magister, prīnceps, domina, agricola, and nūntius, which would say the following lament: cotīdiē egō īrātē clāmāre debeō quia discipulī mē numquam audiunt? ANS: MAGISTER BONUS: Of magister, prīnceps, domina, agricola, and nūntius, which would say the following lament: habeō ancillam et multōs servōs in villā quod meus vir multam pecūniam habet? ANS: DOMINA
v 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 17. TOSSUP: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Puella lacrimābat quod digitum suum vulnerābat. ANS: THE GIRL WAS CRYING BECAUSE SHE INJURED/WOUNDED/HURT HER (OWN) FINGER. BONUS: Now translate: Medicus benignus puellae parvae auxilium dedit. ANS: THE KIND DOCTOR GAVE HELP TO/HELPED THE LITTLE/SMALL GIRL.
18. TOSSUP: The career and downfall of what two men seemed to signal the beginning of the end for the Roman Republic since their respective murders by mobs of political opponents in 133 and 121 BC set the precedent for violence in Roman Politics? ANS: TIBERIUS and GAIUS (SEMPRONIUS) GRACCHUS/ THE GRACCHI BONUS: Name either man who led the mob that led to the death of one of the Gracchi brothers. ANS: (either of) SCIPIO NASICA, (LUCIUS) OPIMIUS
19. TOSSUP: While Rome equated many of their gods with those of the Greeks, what Roman god of beginnings and transitions had no Greek counterpart though he did have two faces? ANS: JANUS BONUS: Which three Roman gods constituted the Capitoline triad? ANS: JUPITER, JUNO, MINERVA
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: When recognized, please perform the following command: dīc mihi Anglicē quot annōs habeās. ANS: [STUDENT SHOULD SAY HIS/HER AGE IN ENGLISH] BONUS: Please perform the following commands: clāmāte Anglicē, “sumus iuveniōrēs quam tē!” ANS: MORE THAN ONE STUDENT SHOULD SHOUT IN ENGLISH: “WE ARE YOUNGER THAN YOU!”
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
vi 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I ROUND THREE
1. TOSSUP: What pair of twins were known as the Dioscouri, or “striplings of Zeus”? ANS: CASTOR & POLLUX BONUS: Name one of the sisters of the Dioscouri. ANS: (EITHER ONE OF) HELEN, CLYTEMNESTRA
2. TOSSUP: Following a lengthy trial that accomplished nothing, what did Jugurtha declare Rome to be when he described the city as “Urbs Venālis”? ANS: A CITY FOR SALE BONUS: What commander, famous for his seven consulships, ended the war against Jugurtha by capturing the Numidian king? ANS: GAIUS MARIUS (N.B. Do not accept “Sulla,” who, although he brokered a deal that led to Jugurtha’s capture, was not the commander of the Roman army)
3. TOSSUP: What English verb deriving from the Latin noun nūntius means “to make the sound of a word or part of a word, typically in the correct or a particular way?” ANS: PRONOUNCE BONUS: What English verb deriving from the Latin noun nūntius means “to formally reject something, typically a belief, claim, or course of action?” ANS: RENOUNCE
4. TOSSUP: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Puer per agrōs currēbat et clamābat, “Ēheu lupus venit!” ANS: THE BOY WAS RUNNING THROUGH THE FIELDS AND WAS SHOUTING, “OH DEAR/ALAS/OH NO A WOLF IS COMING” ANS: BONUS: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Omnēs inquiunt, “Ubi? Nōs lupum nōn cōnspicimus.” ANS: EVERYONE SAID “WHERE? WE DO NOT SEE/OBSERVE/CATCH SIGHT OF A WOLF
5. TOSSUP: Give an antonym of īrātus. ANS: LAETUS / FĒLIX BONUS: Give the antonym of sinister. ANS: DEXTER
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
6. TOSSUP: Who was at the gates of Rome, ready to invade it, when his wife and mother convinced him to spare the city? ANS: CORIOLANUS BONUS: Name either his mother or wife. ANS: MOTHER: VETURIA, WIFE: VOLUMNIA
7. TOSSUP: Respondē Latīnē. You are a propraetor who has five lictors and your friend, Marcus, is an aedile who has one lictor, Quot lictorēs habētis in tōtō? ANS: SEX BONUS: Respondē Latīnē. Now you and your friend, Marcus, meet another friend, Quintus, who is a proconsul with eleven lictors. Quot lictorēs habētis in tōtō? ANS: SEPTENDECIM
vii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 8. TOSSUP: What room of the Roman house received its name from the arrangement of three couches around a table? One might enjoy a lavish cēna here. ANS: TRICLĪNIUM BONUS: What term, Latin for “wing” designated hallways off the atrium where the Romans might keep some of the busts of their ancestors? ANS: ĀLA
9. TOSSUP: Translate the word “friendly” into Latin based on how it is used in the following sentence: “He gave the friendly farmer a horse.” ANS: AMĪCŌ BONUS: Now give the Latin word for “horse” in that sentence. ANS: EQUUM
10. TOSSUP: What Carthaginian queen, on Venus’s orders, was compelled by Cupid to fall desperately in love with Aeneas? ANS: DIDO BONUS: What did Dido do when Aeneas had to leave Carthage for Italy? ANS: COMMIT SUICIDE
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: Give the dative singular of the phrase “multitūdo laeta.” ANS: MULTITŪDINĪ LAETAE BONUS: Give the plural of the same phrase. ANS: MULTITŪDINIBUS LAETĪS
12. TOSSUP: Constantine defeated what man at the battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 A.D. to gain control of the western part of the Roman Empire? ANS: MAXENTIUS BONUS: What other man did Constantine have to defeat en route to consolidating control of the entire empire, which he ultimately accomplished in 324 B.C.? ANS: LICINIUS
13. TOSSUP: Please listen to the following passage about Perseus, which I will read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. N.B. The noun speculum, -ī means “mirror,” while falx, falcis, refers to a “sickle.”
Minerva Perseō speculum dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum īnspiciēbat. Hōc modō ad locum, ubi Gorgōnēs dormiēbant, vēnit. Tum falce suā Medūsae caput abscīdit. Sorōrēs statim ē somnō excitātae sunt, et ubi rem vīdērunt, īrā commōtae sunt. (repeat once)
The question: In what position did Perseus use the mirror? ANS: WITH HIS BACK TURNED BONUS: What was the disposition of Medusa’s sisters when they woke up? ANS: ANGRY / DISTURBED / ETC.
14. TOSSUP: What Roman office was taken up in the year 2013 AD by Jorge Mario Bergoglio, otherwise known as Pope Francis. ANS: PONTIFEX MAXIMUS BONUS: Once named pontifex maximus, how long did a Roman serve in this capacity? ANS: FOR LIFE
viii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 15. TOSSSUP: What king of Pylos did Telamachus visit on his journey to find his lost father? ANS: NESTOR BONUS: What king of Sparta informed Telemachus that his father was a captive of Calypso? ANS: MENELAUS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: Welcome to the Cinema Rōmānā! What currentcomedy would the Romans have called ōmnēs volunt aliquod? ANS: EVERYBODY WANTS SOME (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: What sequel to a 2013 movie would be called nunc mē vidētis? ANS: NOW YOU (ALL) SEE ME (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation)
17. TOSSUP: When Septimius Severus died in 211 A.D., he was succeeded by his two sons. What were their names? ANS: CARACALLA AND GETA BONUS: Who was their mother? ANS: JULIA DOMNA
18. TOSSUP: What are the case and use of the word “mountain “ in the following Latin sentence? Clāmorēs in monte audiēbāmus. ANS: ABLATIVE, PLACE WHERE BONUS: What are the case and use of the word “mountain “ in the following Latin sentence? Mīlitēs trāns montem festīnant. ANS: ACCUSATIVE WITH TRĀNS/ PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE / OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
19. TOSSUP: Whose death at the hands of Hector motivated Achilles to return to fighting in the Trojan War? ANS: HECTOR’S BONUS: On what island had Achilles hidden in the guise of a girl before the start of the war because his mother Thetis wished to prevent him from joining the campaign in which he was destined to die? ANS: SKYROS
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
20. TOSSUP: Super Bowl 50 featured the great offense of the Carolina Panthers against the great defense of the Denver Broncos. What Latin word could replace “against” in previous sentence and is typically abbreviated “vs.”? ANS: VERSUS BONUS: Super Bowl 50 happened in 2016 AD. Please give the Latin and the meaning for A.D. ANS: ANNŌ DOMINĪ, IN THE YEAR OF OUR/THE LORD
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
**SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION**
ix 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I EXTRAS
Language
1. TOSSUP: Quid Anglicē significat “cognōscō”? ANS: LEARN / RECOGNIZE / KNOW BONUS: Quid Anglicē significat “intellegō”? ANS: UNDERSTAND / COMPREHEND / REALIZE / COME TO KNOW
2. TOSSUP: When referring to a time in the day, what is the abbreviation A.M. in Latin? ANS: ANTE MERĪDIEM BONUS: When referring to an advanced degree, what is the abbreviation A.M. in Latin? ANS: ARTIUM MAGISTER
3. TOSSUP: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Nōnne puerī magnā cum vōce clāmābant? ANS: THE BOYS WERE SHOUTING WITH A LOUD VOICE, WEREN”T THEY?/ WEREN”T THE BOYS SHOUTING WITH A LOUD VOICE?/THE BOYS WERE SHOUTING WITH A LOUD VOICE, RIGHT? BONUS: Now translate: Frāter meus pecūniam in agrōs lātos cēlat. ANS: MY BROTHER IS HIDING/HIDES/DOES HIDE THE MONEY IN THE WIDE FIELDS.
4. TOSSUP: Say in Latin: “The women wanted to wash the togas because they were dirty.” ANS: FĒMINAE TOGĀS LAVĀRE CUPĪVĒRUNT QUOD SORDIDAE ERANT. BONUS: Now say in Latin "Are you all afraid to touch a tiger?” ANS: TIMĒTISNE TANGERE TIGREM?
5. TOSSUP: Give the third person, singular future indicative of “taceō, tacēre.” ANS: TACĒBIT BONUS: Keeping all else the same, make it present. ANS: TACĒT
6. TOSSUP: Quid Anglicē significat consilium? ANS: PLAN / COUNCIL ANS: BONUS: Quid Anglicē significat sollicitus? ANS: RESTLESS/WORRIED
7. TOSSUP: Give the case and use of the word for “statue” in the following sentence: Vir nōtus statuam pulchram imperātoris fēcit. ANS: ACCUSATIVE, DIRECT OBJECT BONUS: Give the case and use of the word for “astonished” in this sentence: Omnēs quī eam vīdērunt valdē attonitī erant. ANS: NOMINATIVE, PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
8. TOSSUP: If your Latin-speaking friend, Cicero, one day asked you “quaenam est tempestās hodiē,” what would he be asking? ANS: HOW IS THE WEATHER TODAY (OR SIMILAR) BONUS: If Cicero did not hear your response, what would he say in Latin for “excuse me?” ANS: MIHI IGNŌSCE
x 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I Myth
1. TOSSUP: What seer in the Underworld warned Odysseus that his men should not harm the cattle of Helios? ANS: TIRESIAS BONUS: What Greek chieftain’s ghost warned Odysseus to be weary of the suitors once he returned to Ithaca? ANS: AGAMEMNON’S
2. TOSSUP: What nymph was transformed into a laurel tree to escape the lecherous advances of Apollo? ANS: DAPHNE BONUS: Who was her river-god father who transformed her? ANS: PENEUS
3. TOSSUP: Respondē Anglicē aut Latīnē: Quis deus Romanus bellī est? ANS: MARS / MAVORS BONUS: Respondē Anglicē aut Latīnē: Quis dea Rōmāna frūmentī est? ANS: CERES
4. TOSSUP: Whom did Artemis demand be sacrificed to her at Aulis so that the Greek fleet could sail to Troy? ANS: IPHIGENEIA BONUS: What had Agamemnon done to need to sacrifice Iphigenia for favorable winds? ANS: HE BOASTED HE WAS A BETTER HUNTER THAN ARTEMIS / KILLED A DEER SACRED TO ARTEMIS
History
1. TOSSUP: Julius Vindex, a governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, led a revolt against which last Julio-Claudian emperor? ANS: NERO BONUS: Who led a conspiracy against Nero in 65 A.D.? ANS: (GAIUS CALPERNIUS) PISO
2. TOSSUP: What was the name of Caligula’s legendary horse, which he appointed to the position of consul? ANS: INCITATUS BONUS: After Cassius Chaerea murdered Caligula, the Praetorian guard made what man, hiding behind curtains, emperor? ANS: CLAUDIUS
3. TOSSUP: Who served as Crassus’ co-consul in 70 B.C.? ANS: POMPEY BONUS: Where in 53 B.C. was Crassus defeated by the Parthians and later killed? ANS: CARRHAE
4. TOSSUP: What emperor put down a Jewish revolt led by Simon Bar Kokhba, but is most famous for building a wall in Britain? ANS: HADRIAN BONUS: What other emperor built a wall in the same region, in what is now Scotland, that was eventually abandoned eight years after completion? ANS: ANTONINUS PIUS
xi 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I Culture
1. TOSSUP: What dark colored or grey toga was worn by those in mourning? ANS: TOGA PULLA/ TOGA SORDIDA BONUS: What color was the toga picta that was worn by victorious generals? ANS: PURPLE (with GOLD embroidery)
2. TOSSUP: What was the name for a tutor who led children to and from school? ANS: PAEDAGŌGUS BONUS: What English derivative of that word refers to the art or science of educational practices and teaching? ANS: PEDAGOGY
3. TOSSUP: What region of ancient Italy included Rome and the Tiber River? ANS: LATIUM BONUS: What southern region of ancient Italy contained Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, and the bay of Naples? ANS: CAMPANIA
xii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I FINAL ROUND
1. TOSSUP: Give the first person singular, imperfect, active, indicative of the verb “dūcō, dūcere.” ANS: DŪCĒBAM BONUS: Now make it plural. ANS: DŪCĒBAMUS BONUS: Give the second person plural imperative of the verb meaning “to run.” ANS: CURRITE
2. TOSSUP: Which of the words, if any, does not derive from the same Latin root as the others? ability, prohibit, exhibit, habit, rehabilitate. ANS: THEY ALL COME FROM THE SAME ROOT BONUS: From what Latin verb with what meaning do the words in the tossup derive? ANS: HABEŌ – TO HAVE/HOLD BONUS: What English word derives from the same root as the ones in the tossup plus the adjective malus means “a disease or ailment?” ANS: MALADY
3. TOSSUP: On what mountain did the Muses live? ANS: MOUNT HELICON BONUS: Which of the Muses is said to be the mother of Orpheus? ANS: CALLIOPE BONUS: What other group of singing sisters dared to challenge the Muses to a music contest and, upon losing, had their feathers plucked and turned into crowns? ANS: SIRENS
4. TOSSUP: Who preferred himself to be called dominus et deus and is considered to be the worst of the Flavian emperors? ANS: DOMITIAN BONUS: Domitian’s predecessor Titus sacked the city of Jerusalem in what year? ANS: 70 A.D. BONUS: Name one of two natural disasters that happened during the reign of Titus? ANS: ERUPTION OF MOUNT VESUVIUS OR FIRE IN ROME
5. TOSSUP: Translate the following Latin sentence into English: Num fēlēs piscem meum cōnsūmit? ANS: THE CAT DID NOT EAT MY FISH, DID HE?/ SURELY THE CAT DID NOT EAT MY FISH/THE CAT DID NOT EAT MY FISH, RIGHT? ANS: BONUS: Translate this sentence into English: Ōlim trēs porcī parvī vīllās aedificābant. ANS: ONCE/ONCE UPON A TIME THREE LITTLE PIGS WERE BUILDING HOUSES. BONUS: Translate this sentence with eum meaning “him”: Cunīculus celer erat attonitus quod testūdō lenta eum superāvit. ANS: THE SWIFT/QUICK/FAST RABBIT WAS ASTONISHED/SHOCKED/STUPEFIED BECAUSE THE SLOW TORTOISE DEFEATED/CONQUERED/BEAT HIM.
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
xiii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 6. TOSSUP: When a slave became a lībertus, or freedman, he received all rights of a Roman citizen except what? ANS: HE COULD NOT HOLD OFFICE (BUT HIS SONS COULD) BONUS: In ancient Rome what was a novus homō? ANS: THE FIRST MAN IN HIS FAMILY TO HOLD A SENATORIAL OFFICE/CURULE MAGISTRACY (ACCEPT “CONSULSHIP”) BONUS: What novus homō used his rhetorical prowess to prosecute the corrupt governor of Sicily in 70 B.C. and rise to the consulship in 63 B.C.? ANS: CICERO
7. TOSSUP: Please listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. N.B. The word avus, -ī, means “grandfather.”
Post paucōs annōs rēx lūdōs magnōs fēcit: nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīserat, et diem dīxerat. Multī ex omnibus Graeciae urbibus ad lūdōs convēnērunt. Eōrum in numerō Perseus quoque ipse vēnit atque certāmen discōrum iniit. At, dum discum iacit, avum suum cāsū occīdit; Ācrisius enim inter eius certāminis spectātōrēs forte stābat. (repeat once)
The question: Where had the king sent messengers to announce the games? ANS: INTO ALL THE PARTS / PLACES BONUS: From where did many gather to the compete in the games? ANS: FROM ALL THE GREEK CITIES BONUS: Where was Acrisius standing when Perseus’ discus killed him? ANS: AMONG THE SPECTATORS OF THE COMPETITION
8. TOSSUP: Name the king of Tiryns and Mycenae who assigned Heracles to his twelve labors. ANS: EURYSTHEUS BONUS: After Heracles brought back the hide of the Nemean lion, what did the frightened Eurystheus decree? ANS: THAT HERACLES SHOULD NEVER AGAIN ENTER THE GATES OF THE CITY BONUS: Whom did Hera send to bring about the premature birth of Eurystheus in order to prevent the impending birth of Heracles from fulfilling Zeus’ pronouncement that a descendant of his was about to be born that would rule over his people? ANS: EILEITHYIA
9. TOSSUP: Say in Latin: “Four friends saw a great poet in the forum.” ANS: QUATTUOR AMĪCĪ POETAM MAGNUM IN FORŌ VĪDĒRUNT/VIDĒBANT. BONUS: Say in Latin, “He was telling a story about a cowardly lion.” ANS: FABULAM DĒ LEONE TIMIDŌ NARRĀBAT BONUS: Now say, “A mouse was able to free the lion from the danger.” ANS: MŪS LEŌNEM Ē PERĪCULŌ LĪBERARE POTERAT
xiv 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 10. TOSSUP: What man, although not as famous as his brother, achieved his own success and agnōmen when he defeated the forces of Antiochus III in 190 B.C. at the battle of Magnesia? ANS: (LUCIUS CORNELIUS) SCIPIO ASIATICUS BONUS: Over what empire did Antiochus III rule? ANS: SELEUCID BONUS: What war, which ended with the battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 B.C., was fought preceding the war with Antiochus? ANS: SECOND MACEDONIAN
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
11. TOSSUP: Differentiate in meaning between praemium and praesidium. ANS: PRIZE/REWARD, DEFENCE/PROTECTION/GUARD/AID/HELP (respectively) BONUS: Differentiate in meaning between cēna and causa? ANS: DINNER, CAUSE/CASE (respectively) BONUS: Differentiate in meaning between somnus and somnium. ANS: SLEEP, DREAM (respectively)
12. TOSSUP: What nymph of Diana was transformed into a bear by Jupiter? ANS: CALLISTO BONUS: Who was the son of Callisto who was also turned into a bear after nearly killing his mother? ANS: ARCAS BONUS: In whose guise did Jupiter seduce and impregnate Callisto, who had to this point remained an avowed virgin? ANS: DIANA’S
13. TOSSUP: Respondē aut Latīnē aut Anglicē. Quā horā heri ē ludō discessistī? ANS: STUDENT SHOULD RESPOND WITH THE TIME THEY LEFT SCHOOL YESTERDAY BONUS: As you were leaving your classroom, your teacher said, “Claude ianuam, quaesō.” What did she ask you to do? ANS: SHUT/CLOSE THE DOOR, PLEASE BONUS: Then as you headed to the parking lot, you passed a visitor who asked you, “Ubi est locus prīncipis?” What did the visitor want to know? ANS: WHERE THE PRINCIPAL’S OFFICE IS
14. TOSSUP: What legal term means “in practice or actuality, but not officially established” and designates actions of what happens in practice? ANS: DĒ FACTŌ BONUS: What legal term meaning “at first appearance” is used to signify that upon initial examination, sufficient corroborating evidence appears to exist to support a case? ANS: PRĪMĀ FACIĒ BONUS: What legal term meaning “body of the crime” refers to the principle that a crime must have been proven to have occurred before a person can be convicted of committing that crime? ANS: CORPUS DĒLICTĪ
15. TOSSUP: Who was Pontifex Maximus in 43 B.C. when the Second Triumvirate was formed and, as per tradition, held the office for the rest of his life despite his loss of political power? ANS: (M. AEMILIUS) LEPIDUS BONUS: What law legalized the second triumvirate? ANS: LEX TITIA BONUS: Cicero delivered what set of speeches against Marc Anthony, which ultimately got him killed during the second triumvirate’s proscriptions? ANS: PHILIPPICS
xv 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
16. TOSSUP: What people to the north of the Romans influenced their language, architecture, and government? ANS: ETRUSCANS BONUS: What architectural advancement of the Etruscans did the Romans master, allowing them to create such buildings as the Pantheon? ANS: ARCH BONUS: What Etruscan religious practice of reading omens did the Romans adopt? ANS: AUGURY
17. TOSSUP: What are the case and use of the word “horse “ in the following Latin sentence? Inimīcī urbem nostram equō vīcērunt. ANS: ABLATIVE, MEANS/INSTRUMENT BONUS: What are the case and use of the word “brave leader “ in the following Latin sentence? Imperātor ducī fortī equum magnificum dedit. ANS: DATIVE, INDIRECT OBJECT BONUS: What are the case and use of the word “long book “ in the following Latin sentence? Discipulus dīligēns librum longum dē bellō Gallicō lēgit. ANS: ACCUSATIVE, DIRECT OBJECT
18. TOSSUP: What husband and wife were transformed into kingfishers after the husband drowned on a sea voyage to Delphi and the wife was inconsolable in her grief? ANS: CEYX AND ALCYONE BONUS: Who would have drowned had he not been floated by her protective veil of the sea-goddess Leucothea to the shores of the island kingdom of the Phaeacians? ANS: ODYSSEUS BONUS: Who drowned during a terrible storm while crossing the Hellespont to see his lover who lived on the opposite side of the strait? ANS: LEANDER
19. TOSSUP: What man can be credited with ending the struggle of the orders when he passed a law in 287 BC that made all legislation passed in the plebiscita binding on patricians? ANS: (QUINTUS) HORTENSIUS BONUS: What law of 367 BC had ended a secession of the plebeians when it mandated one plebian was consul per year? ANS: LEX LICINIA SEXTIA BONUS: Even before that, the first secession of the Plebeians ended without legislation as a result of what man’s diplomacy, through which he told the famous allegory of the belly and the limbs? ANS: (MENENIUS) AGRIPPA
*PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE*
xvi 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I 20. TOSSUP: When recognized, please perform the following commands. Surge et clāmā et trahe ūnum ex amīcīs tuīs ad mē. ANS: [STUDENT SHOULD STAND AND SHOUTAND DRAG ONE OF HIS/HER TEAMMATES TO THE MODERATOR] ANS: BONUS: When recognized, please perform the following command. Surgite et facite sona similia pullīs. ANS: TWO OR MORE STUDENTS SHOULD STAND AND MAKE SOUNDS LIKE CHICKENS BONUS: When recognized, please perform the following commands. duō discipulī, surgite et circum mensam currite sīcut lepus et testūdō. ANS: TWO STUDENTS SHOULD STAN AND RUN AROUND THE TABLE LIKE A HARE/RABBIT AND A TORTOISE
*FINAL SCORE UPDATE*
Please record the final results here and return this document to Howard Chang: Place School Final Score 1st 2nd 3rd
OVERTIME: Only use in the event of a tie, which should be broken by simple mathematical majority.
1. TOSSUP: From what Latin verb with what meaning do the following English words derive? Provost, compound, proposition, deposit. ANS: PONŌ, TO PLACE/PUT
2. TOSSUP: What area of southern area of Italy and Sicily contained large amounts of Greek settlements? ANS: MAGNA GRAECIA
3. TOSSUP: To whom was Jason sent as a youth to be educated on Mount Pelion? ANS: CHIRON
4. TOSSUP: Hadrian’s predecessor, Trajan, ruled when the Roman empire reached its greatest extent. Which province, today part of Romania, did Trajan conquer as part of his expansion of the empire? ANS: DACIA
5. TOSSUP: Give the singular present imperative form of the verb meaning “to cry.” ANS: NOLĪ LACRIMĀRE
xvii 2016 Virginia State Finals Kick-Off Certamen Level I DOUBLE-OVERTIME: Only use in the event of a second tie, which should be broken by simple mathematical majority.
1. TOSSUP: Using the enclitic “–que” say, “She will take care of the pigs and the chickens.” ANS: (EA) PORCŌS PULLŌSQUE CŪRĀBIT.
2. TOSSUP: Which emperor’s death in 395 A.D. marked the last time at the empire was under a single emperor. ANS: THEODOSIUS I / THEODOSIUS THE GREAT
3. TOSSUP: Quid Anglicē significat delectō? ANS: TO CHARM/PLEASE/DELIGHT
4. TOSSUP: What object, sacred to Proserpina, did the Sibyl instruct Aeneas to obtain as the key to entering the Underworld? ANS: GOLDEN BOUGH
5. TOSSUP: Which circular temple in the Roman Forum probably had an opening in the roof to allow smoke from the eternal flame inside to escape? ANS: TEMPLE OF VESTA/ AEDĒS VESTAE
IF A TIE REMAINS AT THIS POINT, PLEASE CONTACT HOWARD CHANG IMMEDIATELY via text at 571-241-9027.
xviii