2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced NOTE TO MODERATORS: in answers, information in parentheses is optional extra information. A slash ( / ) indicates an alternate answer. Underlined portions of a longer, narrative answer indicate required information. ROUND ONE 1. TOSSUP: Welcome to the 2016 VSCL State Finals. We are looking forward to an exciting day, quite the match for any of the great certāmina we have had per annōs. What does per annōs mean? ANS: THROUGH THE YEARS BONUS: What Latin phrase meaning “through a day” is used in English to refer to an allowance or payment to cover expenses incurred by an employee while traveling for work? ANS: PER DIEM 2. TOSSUP: Who journeyed to Ogygia, Thrinacia, and Aeaea on his way home to Ithaca? ANS: ODYSSEUS / ULYSSES BONUS: What daughter of Icarius remained faithful to Odysseus until his eventual return? ANS: PENELOPE 3. TOSSUP: Distinguish in meaning between dolēre and dēlēre. ANS: TO HURT, LAMENT vs. TO DESTROY BONUS: Give two unrelated meanings for the verbs volō and volō. ANS: I FLY vs. I WANT, WISH 4. TOSSUP: Where, off the western coast of Greece, did Octavian and Marcus Antonius fight a naval battle for control of Rome in 31 B.C.? ANS: ACTIUM BONUS: Who served as the admiral for Octavian and used his brilliant tactics to win the battle? ANS: (MARCUS VIPSANIUS) AGRIPPA 5. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “certamen is noble.” ANS: CERTĀMEN NŌBILE EST. BONUS: Say in Latin, “Great glory is the reward of certamen.” ANS: MAGNA GLŌRIA PRAEMIUM CERTĀMINIS EST. *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE* 6. TOSSUP: Who wept for so long over her children that she was eventually transformed into a stone? ANS: NIOBE BONUS: What deities were responsible for the death of her children after she insulted the divinity of Leto? ANS: APOLLO and ARTEMIS 7. TOSSUP: Give the singular imperative “Jump!” ANS: SALTĀ/SALĪ BONUS: Give the plural command “Kill the noise!” ANS: INTERFICITE SONUM/CLĀMŌREM/TUMULTUM / TACETE / SILETE i 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 8. TOSSUP: Which modern meal most closely aligns with the Roman ientāculum? ANS: BREAKFAST BONUS: Why didn't the Romans drink coffee? ANS: UNDISCOVERED/DID NOT HAVE IT/NEW WORLD FOOD 9. TOSSUP: What Latin phrase describes the favors a lobbyist is hoping to be granted if she donates a lot of money to a powerful politician? ANS: QUID PRŌ QUŌ BONUS: eheu! That politician was just indicted, and now no one wants to admit knowing her. What Latin phrase describes the current social status of this politician? ANS: PERSŌNA NŌN GRĀTA 10. TOSSUP: At what battle in 321 B.C. did a trapped Roman army surrender to the Samnites and shamefully walk under the yoke? ANS: CAUDINE FORKS BONUS: During which of the three Samnite Wars did the battle of the Caudine Forks occur? ANS: SECOND *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE* 11. TOSSUP: Listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, and then answer the question in English. omnēs puerī puellaeque fābulam dē testūdine et lepore discunt, sed ego sōla rem vēram intellegō quod pater meus erat testūdo quī vīcit. mē audī! testudō vīcit quod erant duō testūdinēs! certāmen ā frātre patris meī inceptum est. ubi ille testūdō in silvam ambulāvit, pater meus statim ē silvā ambulāvit. quod pater nōn dēfessus erat, ambulāre celeriter ad fīnem certāminis poterat. nōn sōlum erant duō testūdinēs, sed etiam lepus erat stultus! (repeat once) The question: Who learns about the story? ANS: ALL BOYS AND GIRLS BONUS: Why was the second turtle able to walk quickly? ANS: HE WAS NOT TIRED 12. TOSSUP: What mythological group shared one eye and one tooth between them? ANS: GRAIAE / GREY SISTERS BONUS: Name the individual members of this group. ANS: ENYO, D(E)INO, PEMPHREDO 13. TOSSUP: What indeclinable Latin word is at the root of the following English nouns: squad, quarry, quarantine, quadrilateral? ANS: QUATTUOR BONUS: What Latin verb is at the root of the following English words: conquer, exquisite, acquire, query? ANS: QUAERŌ (QUAERERE) 14. TOSSUP: In the Circus Maximus, what was the name of the central dividing wall that ran through the middle of the racetrack? ANS: SPĪNA BONUS: How many laps around the spīna was a standard chariot race? ANS: SEVEN ii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 15. TOSSUP: What First Punic War battle in 260 B.C. marked Rome’s first naval victory? ANS: MYLAE BONUS: At what later battle in 249 B.C., in which the Romans were not as fortunate, did the general Claudius Pulcher throw sacred chickens overboard due to his impatience in following the necessary auspices? ANS: DREPANA/DREPANUM *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE* 16. TOSSUP: What case is used to say “student” in Latin in the following sentence: “Where is your writing instrument, good student? ANS: VOCATIVE BONUS: Respondē Latīnē: Iēcistīne stylum tuum ad hunc (point to any boy in room) puerum? ANS: MINIMĒ / NŌN IĒCĪ (If student answers nōn, prompt “Is this your complete answer?”) / ITA 17. TOSSUP: Whose body was dragged around the walls of Troy three times after being killed in combat by the Greek Achilles? ANS: HECTOR’S BONUS: What mother of Hector and second wife of Priam had been the queen of Troy during the fall of the city? ANS: HECUBA 18. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into English: mea fēlēs sub arbore manēbit quod est avis in arbore. ANS: MY CAT WILL REMAIN BENEATH THE TREE BECAUSE THERE IS A BIRD IN THE TREE. BONUS: Now translate this sentence: ubi avis ex arbore volābit, mea fēlēs capere eam temptābit. ANS: WHEN THE BIRD (WILL FLY) FLIES FROM THE TREE, MY CAT WILL TRY TO CATCH IT. 19. TOSSUP: Known as the “second founder of Rome” which early Roman general and Statesman helped rebuild Rome after it had been sacked by Brennus in 390 B.C.? ANS: (M. FURIUS) CAMILLUS BONUS: What nearby city did Camillus capture for the Romans with the cunning use of tunnels? ANS: VEII *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE* 20. TOSSUP: Welcome to Ipodus Rōmānus! All the puellae Rōmānae are Beliebers! What Justin song would the Roman girls know as Quid Tū Significās? ANS: WHAT DO YOU MEAN? (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) BONUS: Now we have to talk about Selena Gomez, of course. All of Rome is abuzz wondering if her song is about Justin. What rumor-bringing song do the Romans call Īdem Antīquus Amor? ANS: SAME OLD LOVE (N.B. Accept any accurate literal translation) *FINAL SCORE UPDATE* **SEND SCORESHEET OUT NOW FOR TABULATION** iii 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced ROUND TWO 1. TOSSUP: What English noun, derived from the same Latin verb meaning to know, means a complete grammatical unit? ANS: SENTENCE BONUS: What English noun, derived from the Latin verb meaning to know, means an odor left in passing? ANS: SCENT 2. TOSSUP: Who was the first emperor to wear a beard during his reign? ANS: HADRIAN BONUS: Who was Hadrian’s immediate successor? ANS: ANTONINUS PIUS 3. TOSSUP: Translate the following sentence into English: Ōlim vīdī parvum elephantum. ANS: ONCE UPON A TIME I SAW A LITTLE ELEPHANT BONUS: Translate this sentence to English: Parvus elephantus nōn timētur ab ingentī mūre. ANS: THE LITTLE ELEPHANT IS NOT FEARED BY THE HUGE MOUSE. 4. TOSSUP: Lost in the burning city of Troy, who was the first wife of Aeneas? ANS: CREUSA BONUS: Upon arrival in Italy, whom did Aeneas eventually marry? ANS: LAVINIA 5. TOSSUP: Knowing that arātrum, arātrī is a second declension neuter noun meaning plow, listen to the following passage, which I will read twice, then answer in Latin the quaestio that follows. sum Herculēs. ōlim agricola miser mē precibus vocāvit. “Ō Herculēs,” agricola inquit, “arātrum meum est inūtile. arātrum movērī nōn potest. amābō tē, arātrum movē!” subitō ante eum ego apparuī. ego agricolae respondī. “quid facere temptāvistī? esne ignāvus? prīmum necesse est tibi id temptāre. arātrum movēre possum, sed tū etiam potes. nōlī mē vexāre!” (repeat once) Quaestio: Quid agricola cupiēbat Herculem facere? ANS: TEMPTĀRE (MOVĒRE ARĀTRUM) BONUS: Quid necesse est agricolae facere prīmum? ANS: (IPSE) TEMPTĀRE MOVĒRE ARĀTRUM *PAUSE FOR SCORE UPDATE* 6. TOSSUP: At what event in ancient Rome would you be most likely to see wax masks of a person's ancestors? ANS: FUNERAL BONUS: What was the Roman term for these masks? ANS: IMĀGŌ/IMĀGINĒS iv 2016 Virginia State Finals Certamen Level I-Advanced 7. TOSSUP: Around forty thousand Roman troops were killed during what defeat in 216 B.C. at the hands of Hannibal? ANS: CANNAE BONUS: Name one Roman commander at that battle. ANS: Either (LUCIUS AEMILIUS) PAULLUS or (GAIUS TERENTIUS) VARRO 8. TOSSUP: Say in Latin, “Work conquers harsh things.” ANS: LĀBOR ASPERA VINCIT BONUS: Say in Latin “The truth has set me free.” ANS: VĒRITĀS MĒ LĪBERĀVIT. 9. TOSSUP: Which son of Zeus and Danae rashly promised to bring the head of the gorgon Medusa as a wedding present for his mother's marriage to Polydectes? ANS: PERSEUS BONUS: Name one of the two gods that helped Perseus complete his perilous task and how they did so. ANS: HERMES - PROVIDED PERSEUS WITH (AT LEAST ONE OF) PAIR OF FLYING SANDALS, MAGIC WALLET, AND HELMET OF INVISIBILITY OR ATHENA - PROVIDED PERSEUS WITH MIRROR-LIKE SHIELD 10. TOSSUP: If I were to tell you that an old witch changed the consul into a cow, what case would the cow go into in a Latin sentence? ANS: ACCUSATIVE BONUS: The Latin word for a grammatical case is cāsus, cāsūs (m), but the word for a case or chest is arca, arcae (f).