DOCSLIB.ORG

“Mineral Extraction in a Plurinational State: Commodification and Resource Governance in the Uyuni Salt Flat in Bolivia”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Mineral Extraction in a Plurinational State: Commodification and Resource Governance in the Uyuni Salt Flat in Bolivia” “Mineral Extraction in a Plurinational State: Commodification and Resource Governance in the Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia” Maria Daniela Sánchez-López 2017 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of East Anglia School of International Development This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution ABSTRACT The Uyuni salt flat (Salar de Uyuni) is located in the Bolivian high Andean plateau, is considered to be the largest salt flat on earth and a natural wonder. Concentrated in its brines, is the largest lithium deposit in the world, along with important reserves of potassium, magnesium and ulexite, collectively known as ‘evaporite resources’. Over the past 40 years, this landscape has been commodified and radically transformed in a continuous process of mining capitalist expansion. What is unfolding in the case of the Uyuni salt flat, however, is not just an economically- driven process of capitalist expansion, but also a transformation of the landscape linked to the value and symbolic meanings attached to the salt flat in an ongoing process of the neoliberalisation of nature. This thesis seeks to examine how social relations in terms of the material, discursive and cultural dynamics of evaporite mining shape and are shaped by governance frameworks. Based on a qualitative exploration, the research has three main objectives: i) to examine how and under what conditions the Uyuni salt flat has been commodified over the past 40 years (both under a neoliberal and post-neoliberal regime); ii) to analyse how lithium has exacerbated the territorial disputes and resource conflicts at local, departmental and national levels; and iii) to evaluate how and why territory and territoriality emerge as key elements within the process of commodification. These elements illustrate that commodification is not only a profit-driven process of mining capitalist expansion; but also, and most importantly, an intrinsically political process in terms of the definition of territorial spaces, governance frameworks and the social struggles that emerge as a result. By highlighting the multiple dimensions embedded in transforming and commodifying nature, I present the case of the Uyuni salt flat as a hybrid landscape within which its peculiar social and natural features are essential to understanding the different frameworks of resource governance that have emerged over time. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................viii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Lithium: the gold of the future ............................................................................................................ 9 1.3 The Bolivian dream of lithium ........................................................................................................... 14 1.3.1 The lithium project ................................................................................................................ 16 1.4 Thesis Outline ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 24 2.2 The point of departure: notions of nature and space ...................................................................... 26 2.3 Commodification, production of nature and the State .................................................................... 29 2.4 Production of space, territory and territoriality ............................................................................... 34 2.5 Neoliberalism, Post-neoliberalism and Resource Governance ........................................................ 37 2.6 Hegemony and the relational notion of the State ............................................................................ 46 2.7 Materiality .......................................................................................................................................... 53 2.8 A theoretical approach for the Uyuni salt flat .................................................................................. 60 Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 64 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 64 3.2 Reflections on research and positionality ......................................................................................... 65 3.3 Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology ...................................................................................... 66 3.4 Aims, Objectives and Methods .......................................................................................................... 71 3.5 Fieldwork locations and socio-economic context ............................................................................ 80 3.5.1 Tourism: Uyuni ...................................................................................................................... 82 3.5.2 Quinoa: Llica/Tahua .............................................................................................................. 83 3.5.3 Mining: Colcha-K and Rio Grande ......................................................................................... 85 3.6 Analysis of data .................................................................................................................................. 88 Chapter 4 THE NEOLIBERAL AND POST-NEOLIBERAL MINING FRAMEWORKS .......................................... 90 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 90 4.2 Mining in Bolivia ................................................................................................................................. 93 4.2.1 The neoliberal period ............................................................................................................ 93 4.2.2 The post-neoliberal model.................................................................................................... 98 4.3 Negotiation and power in mineral governance: the new mining law No. 535 ............................. 102 4.3.1 Material and political power of the cooperative sector .................................................... 105 4.3.2 Excision of other societal actors ......................................................................................... 108 4.4 Contrasting Resource Governance in Bolivia: ownership of mineral resources ........................... 109 4.4.1 The Fiscal Reserve and the State ........................................................................................ 118 4.5 Water access and withdrawal rights (details Annex 2) .................................................................. 120 4.6 The scales in environmental governance: Departmental and Municipal governments ............... 127 4.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 131 Chapter 5 THE UYUNI SALT FLAT: FROM WHITE DESERT TO HYBRID LANDSCAPE ................................. 138 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 138 5.2 Geographical and Socio-Economic Context .................................................................................... 141 5.2.1 The Southwest region ......................................................................................................... 143 5.3 The Uyuni Salt Flat: From an Empty Space to a Geostrategic Location ......................................... 145 5.3.1 The discovery of the mineral richness in the brines
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reporte Diario Nacional De Alerta Y Afectación N° 41 1. Alerta De
    Reporte Diario Nacional de Alerta y Afectación N° 41 Viceministerio de Defensa Civil - VIDECI 06 de marzo de 2019 Este reporte es elaborado por el Sistema Integrado de Información y Alerta para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres – SINAGER-SAT, en colaboración con diferentes instancias de Defensa Civil. Cubre el periodo del 01 de enero de 2019 a la fecha. 1. Alerta de Riesgo por Municipios Inundaciones, deslizamientos, desbordes y/o riadas a consecuencia de lluvias constantes Sobre la base de los reportes hidrológicos y complementando con los meteorológicos emitidos por el SENAMHI y SNHN, el día 28/02/2019, entre los días viernes 01 al martes 05 de marzo del 2019, se analiza lo siguiente: Análisis del Riesgo Existe Riesgo por lluvias y tormentas eléctricas constantes, generaran la subida de caudales en ríos como el Coroico, Zongo, Boopi, Alto Beni, Tipuani, Mapiri, Rocha, Ichilo, Chapare, Ivirgazama, Chimore, Isiboro, Ichoa, Secure, Mamore, Ibare, Yacuma, Tijamuchi, Maniqui y Madre de Dios, las cuales podría afectar a los municipios de: Alerta amarilla BENI: San Javier, Exaltacion, San Andrés y Riberalta. COCHABAMBA: San Benito, Tolata, Vacas, Cuchumuela (V. G.Villarroel), Pojo, Pocona, Cocapata, Cliza, Totora, Tacachi, Punata, Arani, Arbieto, Toko y Villa Rivero. LA PAZ: Inquisivi, Cajuata e Ixiamas. PANDO: Cobija, Bolpebra (Mukden), Puerto Gonzales Moreno, San Lorenzo, El Sena, Porvenir, Puerto Rico y Bella Flor. SANTA CRUZ: Fernandez Alonso, Mineros y San Pedro. Alerta naranja BENI: San Borja, San Ignacio de Moxos, Santa Ana de Yacuma, Santa Rosa, Loreto, Reyes, Trinidad y Rurrenabaque. COCHABAMBA: Shinahota, Chimore, Puerto Villarroel, Colomi, Tiquipaya, Colcapirhua, Vinto, Entre Rios (Bulo Bulo), Tiraque, Villa Tunari, Cochabamba, Sacaba y Quillacollo.
    [Show full text]
  • Homogenización De Los Datos Pluviométricos De La Cuenca Alta Del
    Proyecto de Gestión Integrada y Plan Maestro de la Cuenca del Río Pilcomayo ______________________ Homogenización de los datos pluviométricos de la cuenca alta del río Pilcomayo - Inventario, crítica, homogeneización y extensión de los datos pluviométricos disponibles aguas arriba de Esmeralda INFORME FINAL Octubre 2006 Ing. Aurélie MALBRUNOT Philippe Vauchel __ Homogeneización de los datos pluviométricos de la cuenca alta del río Pilcomayo. Agradecimientos Queremos agradecer a todas las personas que han contribuido de una manera u otra a la realización de este trabajo, en particular : El Tec. Oscar Fuertes por su eficiencia, quien ha digitalizado miles de datos pluviométricos en la base pluviométrica del SENAMHI para que puedan estar analizadas, El Ing. Luis Noriega por su precioso conocimiento de la red pluviométrica, El Ing. Philippe Vauchel, por su ayuda en la elaboración de una metodología de homogeneización de datos pluviométricos. Aurélie MALBRUNOT Octubre 2006 AM – Proyecto de Gestión Integrada y Plan Maestro de la cuenca del río Pilcomayo – Octubre 2006 1 Homogeneización de los datos pluviométricos de la cuenca alta del río Pilcomayo. Índice 1 INTRODUCCIÓN – OBJETIVO DEL ESTUDIO .................................................... 3 2 ZONA DE ESTUDIO Y RED DE ESTACIONES PLUVIOMÉTRICAS ....................... 4 3 METODOLOGÍA DE TRABAJO ....................................................................... 15 3.1 La necesidad de la homogenización de los datos pluviométricos con una herramienta de análisis ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivian Salt Flats & Andean Culture
    B O L I V I A UYUNI HIGHLANDS EXPLORER Essential Bolivian Salt Flats & Andean Culture DURATION: 10 days / 9 nights SEASON: May through November DEPARTURES: Guaranteed with a minimum of 4 and maximum of 12 participants TRIP RATING: Easy/Moderate Natural history, Cultural & Archaeological Tour, Grade (II) – This expedition style soft adventure is an activity-oriented program. It includes scenic overland travel up to 7 hours on a day, walking tours and day hikes of 2-3 hours. It takes place at high elevations reaching a maximum of 13,420’ at Potosi. To allow for gradual adjustment to the altitude, we begin the program touring Sucre (9,215’) 2021 DATES : On request any week during the season for a minimum of 4 travelers INTRODUCTION: Bolivia, one of South America’s most colorful, natural and insulated nations, captures the imagination of adventure travelers. It comprises the most intact indigenous culture on the continent, with dozens of native languages still spoken alongside Spanish. Bolivia is home to the world’s most high-altitude capital city, La Paz (11,930' feet above sea level!). World-famous Salar de Uyuni – the planet’s biggest salt flat – has become an iconic landscape, with its vast otherworldly whiteness. Visitors who venture into landlocked Bolivia are warmly received in its pleasant Spanish- colonial cities. The history-rich mining town of Potosi and vibrant local markets give a snapshot of traditional Andean life. A visit to the mythical Lake Titicaca, a crown jewel of the region, completes the Bolivian highland experience. Accompanied by an expert local guide, we begin in Sucre, Bolivia (9,215’), where we walk the cobbled streets of the city’s colonial section, visit other historical monuments and tour the colorful native market at Tarabuco.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Extraction in Argentina: a Case Study on the Social and Environmental Impacts
    Lithium extraction in Argentina: a case study on the social and environmental impacts Pía Marchegiani, Jasmin Höglund Hellgren and Leandro Gómez. Executive summary The global demand for lithium has grown significantly over recent years and is expected to grow further due to its use in batteries for different products. Lithium is used in smaller electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops but also for larger batteries found in electric vehicles and mobility vehicles. This growing demand has generated a series of policy responses in different countries in the southern cone triangle (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile), which together hold around 80 per cent of the world’s lithium salt brine reserves in their salt flats in the Puna area. Although Argentina has been extracting lithium since 1997, for a long time there was only one lithium-producing project in the country. In recent years, Argentina has experienced increased interest in lithium mining activities. In 2016, it was the most dynamic lithium producing country in the world, increasing production from 11 per cent to 16 per cent of the global market (Telam, 2017). There are now around 46 different projects of lithium extraction at different stages. However, little consideration has been given to the local impacts of lithium extraction considering human rights and the social and environmental sustainability of the projects. With this in mind, the current study seeks to contribute to an increased understanding of the potential and actual impacts of lithium extraction on local communities, providing insights from local perspectives to be considered in the wider discussion of sustainability, green technology and climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPARATA POTOSI2.Pdf
    2 Documento Oficial Julio de 2015 ACTA DE REUNIÓN En la ciudad de La Paz, en instalaciones de la Vicepresidencia del Es- • La necesidad de que las demandas del departamento sean tra- tado Plurinacional, en fecha 17 de julio de 2015 a partir de horas 08:30 tadas por parte del Gobierno central con representantes de las de la mañana, se llevó adelante reunión con el fin de discutir y plantear alcaldías y organizaciones sociales, sin intermediarios. salidas a las demandas de las organizaciones sociales y de la población Posteriormente, los representantes del Órgano Ejecutivo presenta- del departamento de Potosí, con la participación de representantes del ron informe al plenario sobre el estado de los puntos planteados por Órgano Ejecutivo y de las organizaciones sociales, gobiernos autóno- COMCIPO en su pliego petitorio. mos municipales y gobierno autónomo departamental del departamen- to de Potosí. En la reunión participaron el Gobernador del Departa- Los siguientes puntos fueron informados por el Ministro de Obras Públicas: mento de Potosí, 39 alcaldes de los Municipios de Acasio, Aranpampa, 1. Construcción de puente internacional en Villazón que Atocha, Betanzos, Caripuyo, Colcha K, Colquechaca, Cotagaita, cuente con todos los servicios de controles internacionales Chaquí, Chayanta, Chuquihuta, Ckochas, Llallagua, Llica, Mojinete, Ocurí, Pocoata, Puna, Potosí, Porco, Ravelo, Sacaca, San Agustin, San Informó el compromiso de ABC para que se ejecute el proyecto. Existe Antonio de Esmoruco, San pablo de Lípez, San Pedro de Quemes, financiamiento asegurado para el estudio a diseño final que se requiere, San Pedro de Buena Vista, Tacobamba, Tahua, Tinguipaya, Tomave, con recursos de FONPLATA.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS ACTAS IAGOD 2019 31Ene.Pmd
    SALTA, ARGENTINA 28-31 AUGUST 2018 15th Quadrennial International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits Symposium SPONSORS PLATINUM SPONSORS GOLD SPONSORS SILVER SPONSORS BRONZE SPONSORS COPPER SPONSORS Co-sponsored by SALTA, ARGENTINA 28-31 AUGUST 2018 15th Quadrennial International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits Symposium SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE CHAIR Lira Raúl – (University of Córdoba – CONICET, Argentina) MEMBERS Bineli-Betsi Thierry – (Botswana International University of Science and Technology) Chang Zhaoshan – (Colorado School of Mines, USA) Cherkasov Sergey – (Vernadsky State Geological Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences) Cook Nigel – (University of Adelaide, Australia) Gozalvez Martín – (Geological and Mining Survey of Argentina) Guido Diego – (CONICET/Austral Gold S.A, Argentina) Lentz David – (University of New Brunswick, Economic Geology Chair) López Luis – (National Atomic Energy Commission, Argentina) Mao Jingwen – (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Hebei GEO University, China) Meinert Larry – (Consultant) Pons Josefina – (IIPG – University of Río Negro – University of Comahue – CONICET, Argentina) Rubinstein Nora – (IGEBa–University of Buenos Aires – CONICET) Sanematsu Kenzo – (Geological Survey of Japan, AIST) Schutesky Della Giustina Maria Emilia – (University of Brasília, Brasil) Tornos Fernando – (Spanish National Research Council – CSIC) Watanabe Yasushi – (Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Japan) EDITED BY Daniel Rastelli, Dolores Álvarez, Noelia
    [Show full text]
  • Community Management of Wild Vicuña in Bolivia As a Relevant Case to Explore Community- Based Conservation Under Common Property Regimes, As Explained in Chapter 1
    Community-based Conservation and Vicuña Management in the Bolivian Highlands by Nadine Renaudeau d’Arc Thesis submitted to the University of East Anglia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2005 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent. Abstract Abstract Current theory suggests that common property regimes, predicated on the community concept, are effective institutions for wildlife management. This thesis uses community-based conservation of vicuña in the Bolivian highlands as a case study to re-examine this theory. Vicuña is a wild South American camelid living in the high Andes. Its fibre is highly valued in international markets, and trade of vicuña fibre is controlled and regulated by an international policy framework. Different vicuña management systems have been developed to obtain fibre from live- shorn designated vicuña populations. This thesis analyses whether the Bolivian case study meets three key criteria for effective common property resource management: appropriate partnerships across scale exist; supportive local-level collective action institutions can be identified; and deriving meaningful benefits from conservation is possible. This thesis adopts a qualitative approach for the collection and analysis of empirical data. Data was collected from 2001 to 2003 at different levels of governance in Bolivia, using a combination of ethnographic techniques, and methods of triangulation. Community-level research was undertaken in Mauri-Desaguadero and Lipez-Chichas fieldwork sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Desarrollo Municipal San Pedro De Quemes 1
    PLAN DE DESARROLLO MUNICIPAL SAN PEDRO DE QUEMES 1 Plan de Desarrollo Municipal Provincia N. Lípez, Segunda Sección San Pedro de Quemes Municipio San Pedro de Quemes Potosí– Bolivia PLAN DE DESARROLLO MUNICIPAL SAN PEDRO DE QUEMES 2 A. ASPECTOS ESPACIALES A.1 UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA El departamento de Potosí se ubica al sudoeste de la República de Bolivia, Limita al norte con los departamentos de Cochabamba y Oruro, al este con los departamentos de Tarija y Chuquisaca, al sur con la República Argentina y al oeste con la República de Chile. La Provincia Nor Lipez, se encuentra en la región Sud Oeste del departamento Potosí, limita al norte con la provincia Daniel Campos, al Este con la provincia Antonio Quijarro y Sud Chichas, al Sud con la provincia de Sud Lipez y Enrique Baldivieso. El municipio San Pedro Quemes se encuentra en la región Sud Oeste del Departamento de Potosí, constituyéndose la Segunda Sección de la Provincia Nor Lipez. A.1.1 LATITUD Y LONGITUD El departamento Potosí, se encuentra entre los meridianos 64°42’40’’ y 68°45’45’’ de latitud oeste y los paralelos 17°46’48’’y 22°53’27’’ de latitud sur, con una extensión total de 118.218 km². El municipio San Pedro de Quemes se encuentra entre las coordenadas: Latitud Sur 20° 34' 46’’ - 21° 38'11’’ y longitud Oeste 67° 50' 08’’ - 68° 26' 37’’. Tabla 1: Latitud y longitud de comunidades Comunidad Latitud Sur Longitud Oeste S.P.Quemes 20º44’35’’ 68º02’54’’ Pelcoya 20º02’16’’ 68º02’16’’ Ladislao Cabrera 20º55’16” 67º59’51” Cabrera 20º55’21’’ 67º59’51’’ Kana 20º48’17’’ 68º19’30’’ Pajancha 20º00’16’’ 68º20’49’’ Fuente: Cartas IGM A.1.2 LÍMITES TERRITORIALES La Provincia Nor Lípez, esta ubicada en la región Sud Oeste del Departamento de Potosí, en la zona más frígida, con características peculiares.
    [Show full text]
  • INORA N° 58, 2010
    S ! ! Tigui Cocoïna (Tchad) "# ! D’après Choppy $ % & ' $ et al., 1996 (Arte rupestre ( S ) ) N° 58 - 2010 nel Ciad) #+,--.-/- 11, rue du Fourcat, 09000 FOIX (France) France : Tél. 05 61 65 01 82 - Fax. 05 61 65 35 73 Etranger : Tél. + 33 5 61 65 01 82 - Fax. + 33 5 61 65 35 73 Responsable de la publication - Editor : Dr. Jean CLOTTES email : [email protected] S S Découvertes ................................. 1 . Discoveries Divers ................................... 13 . Divers Réunion - Annonce ......................... 29 . Meeting - Announcement Livres ......................................... SOMMAIRE 30 Books DÉCOUVERTES DISCOVERIES LA GROTTE DU PACIFIQUE (CHILI) THE PACIFIC CAVE (CHILI) Première grotte ornée de l’archipel de Patagonie First decorated cave in the Patagonian Archipelago En 2000, puis en 2006 et 2008 s’est déroulée, dans In 2000, then in 2006 and 2008 a wide-ranging series l’archipel de Madre de Dios au Chili, une série d’expédi- of Franco-Chilean geographical and speleological expedi- tions géographiques et spéléologiques franco-chilienne tions took place in the Madre de Dios Archipelago. The d’envergure. Les prospections menées tant sur les îles research carried out both on the islands and on the littoral que sur le littoral ont permis la découverte de nom- enabled the finding of numerous caves. Among them, the breuses cavités. Parmi celles-ci, la grotte du Pacifique, Pacific Cave, discovered on 21 January 2006, contained découverte le 21 janvier 2006 contient des peintures parietal paintings and archaeological remains on the floor. pariétales et des restes archéologiques au sol. C’est la This is the first discovery of parietal art that can be unam- première découverte d’un art pariétal attribuable sans biguously attributed to the Kaweskar Indians1, a nomadic ambiguïté aux Indiens Kaweskar1, peuple de nomades de sea people now vanished.
    [Show full text]
  • 48 PORCO El Análisis Del Municipio De Porco Permite Delimitar
    Diagnóstico Integrado de la Mancomunidad Gran Potosí PORCO El análisis del municipio de Porco permite delimitar unidades fisiográficas, que se subdividen en: Gran Paisaje, Paisaje y sub Paisaje, formando procesos de cadena de montañas y depresiones. GRAN PAISAJE A nivel fisiográfico corresponde un solo grupo geomorfológico que es la cordillera Oriental. PAISAJE Fisiográficamente es donde se diferencian las características más importantes de la zona en relación al suelo, la geomorfología del material parental que se encuentra distribuido en el área, de acuerdo a su distribución natural, presenta: • Serranías • Colinas • Pie de Monte • Llanuras o Altiplanicies • Lechos de ríos y Arroyos SUB PAISAJE A este nivel fisiográfico se considera mayor cantidad de criterios diferenciadores, teniendo como unidades fundamentales: • Sucesión de serranías altas • Sucesión de serranías bajas • Sucesión de colinas • Colinas aisladas • Pie de monte dentado • Pie de monte no dentado • Terrazas • Coluvio aluviales • Aluviales 48 Capítulo I Aspectos Físicos y Espaciales A.2.1.3. Topografía POTOSÍ El municipio se encuentra ubicado en dos zonas de vida: Estepa Montano Sub Tropical y Bosque Húmedo Montano Templado, donde predominan rocas volcánicas y sedimentarias, con topografía muy accidentada. Siendo así, la topografía está constituida por un paisaje de colinas de diferente altitud, alternado por cañones y quebradas; en escasa proporción se observan mesetas y planicies intermedias. YOCALLA En Yocalla, la topografía se caracteriza por presentar pequeñas laderas en pendientes de mesetas muy altas con presencia de montañas moderadamente altas de cimas agudas, pendientes largas, moderadamente disociadas, interrumpidas por planicies. También se observa la presencia acentuada de profundas quebradas y ríos que son afluentes del Pilcomayo, caracterizando la topografía irregular del municipio.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Urban Centres and Rural Areas in Bolivia
    World Derelopment. Vol. II, No. I, pp.31—53 1983. 0305—750X!83/0l003 1—23803.00/0 Printed in Great Uritain. © 1983 Pergamon Press Ltd. Integrated Regional Development Planning: Linking Urban Centres and Rural Areas in Bolivia DENNIS A. RONDINELLI* Syracuse University and HUGH EVANS Massachusetts Institute of Technology Summary. — Ilighly polarized settlement systems in developing countries reflect and iend to reinforce strong disparities in levels of development between the largest city and other regions and between urban centres and thefr hinterlands in rural regions. Integrated regional develop ment planning seeks to create a more diffuse and articulated system of settlements in order to diversify the services and facilities available to rural residents, increase theiraccess to town-based markets, new sources of agricultural inputs and non-agricultural employment opportunities, and to provide guidelines for sectural investment and lomtion decisions. One approach to integrated regional development planning — ‘Urban Functions in Rural Development’ — was tested in the Department of Potosi, Bolivia, and its results provide insights not only into the metl,odology of analysis but also into the complex relationships among rural development, patterns of human settlement and processes of spatial interaction. I. INTRODUCTION happened in many industrialized countries of Europe and North America. But experience has The pattern of economic development that shown that the trickle down effects of concen has emerged in most of South America during trated
    [Show full text]
  • DESCARGAR Revista En
    ISSN 0717-0580 I Año / Year 15 2do semestre / 2nd semester 2010 www.latinomineria.com 69 69 Bilingual Edition 2010 2nd semester 2nd / / 2do semestre Latinominería - EscenarioEscenario minerominero ArgentinaArgentina aspiraaspira aa estarestar entreentre loslos grandesgrandes Minería del carbón Atractiva cartera de inversiones Cerrejón, Minera Buenaventura el gigante atenta a nuevas colombiano oportunidades contenidos Argentina aspira América Latina a estar entre los grandes de la minería Con una atractiva cartera de proyectos y gran abundancia de recursos geológicos, y la minería la minería en Argentina presenta un atractivo potencial de crecimiento. Sin embargo, también enfrenta importantes trabas. América Latina tiene un rol preponderante en la actividad minera mundial, protagonis- 08 mo que se sustenta –en primer lugar– en la gran riqueza geológica de sus países, en Peruana Buenaventura: calidad, cantidad y diversidad de recursos mineros. Es así como Chile es el principal “Estamos mirando productor mundial de cobre y nitratos; Perú ocupa el primer puesto en plata y se ha oportunidades” consolidado como el segundo en cobre y zinc, además es el sexto productor de oro; Una importante cartera de inversiones México es el otro gran protagonista en plata; en tanto que Brasil es uno de los gigantes está desarrollando la peruana Compañía de Minas Buenaventura; la exploración y mundiales en hierro. obtención de nuevos recursos mineros Esta variedad de recursos ha hecho que la región concentre buena parte de la inversión tiene un rol clave. 39 internacional en exploración minera. De los US$7.320 millones que se destinaron a este ítem en 2009, América Latina acaparó el 26% de dicho monto; Perú, México, Chile y Cerrejón, el gigante Brasil se ubicaron entre los diez principales destinos.
    [Show full text]