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Absence seizures, 392 Agitation/excitation/restlessness (cont.) Abstinence: see Withdrawal with depression, 87-88 Acetaminophen, 129,283 with HIV-related disorders, 460, 461 L-alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM®), 304 and, 71 ACTH ... ,o, 379 pediatric patients, 390, 394, 395 Adalat® (nifepidine), 12, 127,455 with tri- and heterocyclic , ADHD: see Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders 49-50 Adjunctive therapy, see also Combination therapy; Agoraphobia, 218 Interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral, and with abuse, 327 psychotherapy clinical considerations, 254-255 in bipolar disorders, 99-100,118 differential diagnosis, 221 in depression, 55-56, 83, 91 pediatric patients, 404 in Parkinson's disease, 71 treatments, 250 Adjustment disorders, 219; see also Borderline dis• Agranulocytosis: see Hematologic complications orders Akathisia, 172-173; see also Extrapyramidal re• clinical considerations, 249-251 actions sleep disorders with, 269 Akineton®, (), 171, 172 Adolescents: see Borderline disorders; Pediatric pa• Alcohol, 122, 317-329 tients and depression, 81 Adrenalin® (epinephrine), 74, 77, 189 interactions blockers with antidepressants, 57 alpha, 73, 78, 190 with , 237, 241, 275, 276 beta: see Beta blockers; with MAOls, 307 Adrenergic stimulating agents, 189,393 with zolpidem, 279 Adverse reactions, see also Extrapyramidal reactions, geriatric patients, 370 specific systems. agents and classes ofdrugs and sleep disorders, 284 cost versus value of treatment, 14 and TCA-induced postural tremor, 50 duration of treatment and, 6 Alcohol abuse, 317-329,352 to EeT, 33 antidepressants for, 42, 50 liability issues, 505 for, 118 in pediatric patients, 387-395 with abuse, 296, 304 Advil®: see sleep disorders with, 269 Affective disorders, see also Bipolar disorders; withdrawal, 50, 321-324 Depression Alcoholics Anonymous, Alanon, Alateen, with eating disorders, 474 32S-329 lithium for, 118 Aldomet®: see pregnant patients, 422-423 Alkalinization, 60, 61 Aggression/hostility Alpha blockers, 73, 78, 190 induction of, 238 , 11,56,114 with borderline disorders, 484, 496-497 abuse of, 308 bus pirone for, 244 for anxiety disorders, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, lithium for, 118 237 pediatric patients, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 412 panic disorders, 253 Agitation/excitation/restlessness, see also Delirium; PTSD,260 Dementia benzodiazepine withdrawal management, 240 benzodiazepine induction of, 238 for borderline disorders, 495-496

513 514 INDEX

Alprazolam (cont.) Anterior capsulotomy, 229 for depression, 88 Anterior cingulotomy, 259 geriatric patients, 370, 380 Antianxiety , 229; see also specific agents for HIV-related disorders, 458 for bipolar disorders, 99-100 pediatric patients, 393, 405 for eating disorders, 472-473, 474 Alzheimer's dementia, 379 for HIV-related disorders, 458 , 55-56, 81, 172, 173, 175 with opioid abuse, 296 for abuse, 332 for sleep disorders, 272, 273 pediatric patients, 410 Antiarrhythmic properties ofTCAs, 47, 48 Ambien®: see Zolpidem Antiarrhythmics, 48, 189 Aminophylline, 114, 129 Antibiotics, 81,275,276,370 Amisulpiride, 162 agents, see also Antiparkinson , II, 12, 38, 39, 53, 64, 68, 70 agents anticholinergic syndrome, 62 drug interactions, 50, 56 for borderline disorders, 493 geriatric patients, 370 combination therapy, 91, 190 for HIV-related disorders, 456 for eating disorders, 472, 473, 475 pediatric patients, 395, 410 geriatric patients, 368, 371, 372, 374, 381 for TCA toxicity, 52, 62 for HIV-related disorders, 456 Anticholinergic effects pediatric patients, 398 antidepressants, heterocyclic, 50--51, 52-53, 54, preparations and dosage, 70 62 sedative effects, 88 , 187-188 for sleep disorders, 271,283 carbamazepine, 129 Amobarbital,314 geriatric patients, 371, 372 , 35, 38, 40, 42, 44--45, 46, 53, 62, Anticholinergic rebound, 52 64, 68, 70, 166, 169 Anticoagulants, 122, 128 extrapyramidal reactions, 50, 51 Anticonvulsants, 128 for panic disorders, 246 abuse of, 309 preparations and dosage, 70 for AIDS/H1V-related disorders, 462 and sleep disorders, 269 for alcohol withdrawal, 323 toxicity, 58, 59, 60, 61 interactions, 50 , 162 with antipsychotics, 197 challenge test, 28 for bipolar disorders, 99, 132-133 , 81 for borderline disorders, 494--495, 497 abuse of, 333-336 for carbamazepine-induced seizures, 130 for depression, 79 for eating disorders, 476 geriatric patients, 383 geriatric patients, 371, 372, 377, 384 with MAO Is, 74, 75 pediatric patients, 404 pediatric patients, 386, 387, 396 pregnant patients, 117, 423-424, 432 pregnant patients, 422-423 Antidepressants, 4; see also Monoamine oxidase in• and sleep disorders, 269 hibitors; -selective reuptake in• Anafranil®: see hibitors; /heterocyclic Analgesics, 81, 122,283,368 antidepressants; specific agents Anectine®: see Succinylcholine for alcohol dependence, 326--327 Anesthesia with antipsychotics, 190 drugs and, 158 for anxiety disorders, 244, 246--248, 250 with carbamazepine amd, 127 panic disorders, 251-252 for ECT, 33 PTSD,260 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors, social phobia, 255, 256 114,116,403 for bipolar disorders, 99-100, 129, 131, 141-142 Anorexia nervosa, 42, 468, 469, 471-474 for borderline disorders, 493-494, 496, 497 Antabuse®: see Disulfiram in breast milk, 431 Antacids, see also specific agents for eating disorders, 471-472, 475, 476, 477 benzodiazepine interactions, 276 geriatric patients, 369, 370, 371, 372, 381-382 geriatric patients, 370 for HIV-related disorders, 462 INDEX 515

Antidepressants (cont.) Antipsychotics, pharmacology of, 156--208 pediatric patients, 387-388, 397-399 adverse effects and toxicity, 170--195 pregnant patients, 417, 419, 421-423 anticholinergic, 187-188 for sleep disorders, 269, 271, 283-284, 285, 286 cardiovascular and respiratory, 188--190 Antidiuretic hormone, 412 cutaneous, 191 Antidiuretic hormone-like effect, carbamazepine, endocrine/neuroendocrine, 191-192 127 hematological, 193-194 , II hepatic, 192-193 for anxiety ~isorders, 229, 242 neurological, 170--187,267; see also Neuro- drug interactions logical effects with antidepressants, 48, 56, 62 ocular, 190--191 with benzodiazepines, 237, 241 overdose, 195-196 for eating disorders, 471, 472 nocturnal myoclonus, 267 extrapyramidal reaction management, 171, 172, pregnancy and lactation, 194--195 173 withdrawal reactions, 195 for HIV-related disorders, 462 behavioral and neurological effects, 157-159 pediatric patients, 395, 405, 410 classes and chemistry, 162-166 for sleep disorders, 271, 281, 283 clinical uses, 199-208 for TCA withdrawal, 51-52 acute treatment, 199-204 Antihypertensives, 81, 374; see also Beta blockers; maintenance therapy, 205-208 transition and continuation therapy, Anti-inflammatory agents, 81,122 204--205 Antilirium®: see Physostigmine drug interactions and combinations, 196--198 Antineoplastic agents, 81 with antidepressants, 56, 62 Antiparkinson agents, see also Anticholinergic with lithium, 113, 115 agents laboratory tests and monitoring, 198--199 for antipsychotic side effects, 171, 172, 173, mechanism of action, 159-162 188 pharmacokinetics, 168--170 drug interactions principles of use, 166--168 with antidepressants, 62 terminology, 156--157 with anti psychotics, 197 Anturane®, 122 with heterocyclic antidepressants, 50 Anxiety: see Anxiety states extrapyramidal reaction management, 171, 172, Anxiety disorders, see also Agoraphobia; Gener• 173 alized anxiety disorders; Obses• geriatric patients, 370, 378 sive--compulsive disorders; Panic pediatric patients, 410 disorders; Phobias; Post-traumatic as, 71, 73 stress disorders; Social phobias Antipsychotics,3-4, 116, 128, 153,267; see also with alcohol abuse, 327 Neuroleptics antidepressants for, 246--248 for alcohol-induced psychosis, 324 benzodiazepines for, 229-242 for bipolar disorders, 99, 130--131 beta-blockers for, 245-246 hypomania, 141 biological and psychosocial factors, 214--218 and lithium side effects, 112 for, 243-245 schizoaffective disorders, 144 clinical considerations, 248--260 classes, 162-166 diagnosis, 218--227 derivatives of as antidepressants, 38 geriatric patients, 380 drug interactions, 196--198 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, with antidepressants, 56, 62 392,393,394,395,396,390,393, with lithium, 113, 115 404-406 for eating disorders, 471, 472, 473, 474 pregnant patients, 430-431 with ECT, in psychoses, 155 sedative-hypnotics, miscellaneous, 242-243 geriatric patients, 368, 369, 371, 372, 374, 376 sleep disturbances with, 269, 271 pediatric patients, 390--391, 408-411 surgical treatment, 229 pregnant patients, 417, 419 symptoms, 213-214 for sleep disorders, 284 treatment, nonpharmacological, 227-229 516 INDEX

Anxiety states, 4; see also Agitation/excita- Behavioral therapy: see Interpersonal, cognitive-be• tion/restlessness; Borderline disorders havioral, and psychotherapy AIDS/HIV-related, 449-450, 458--459 Behavior problems, 4; see also Borderline disorders with depression, 87-88 geriatric patients, 376--378 drug-responsiveness of, 7 lithium for, 118 geriatric patients, 379--380 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, sleep disorders with, 284 393,394,395,396 with tri- and heterocyclic antidepressants, Benadryl®: see 49--50 Benzisoxazoles, 165, 166, 169 : see Antianxiety drugs Benzodiazepines, 4, 128, 185, 200, 227 , 158, 159 abuse/dependence disorders, 277, 284, 307-317, Appetite: see Vegetative symptoms 319 Apresoline®, 81 for acute manic episode, 138 Aramine® (), 189 adverse effects, 171, 172, 173, 237-241, 273-275 Arrhythmias, 47, 48, 62; see also Cardiac/cardio- for alcohol dependence, 322, 327 vascular effects for anxiety disorders, 219, 248, 250 Artane®: see Trihexylphenidyl adjustment disorders, 249--251 Artificial hibernation, 158 generalized, 261 Asendin®: see Amoxapine panic disorders, 251-253 Aspirin, 122 PTSD,260 Astemizole, 11,48,56,57,370 social phobia, 255-256 Atarax®: see for borderline disorders, 495-496 , 245--246, 255 in breast milk, 431 Ativan®: see combination therapy/polypharmacy Atromid-S® (clofibrate), 127 with antidepressants, 49--50 Atropine, 370, 371, 372 with anti psychotics, 196 Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders pediatric patients, 406 (ADHD), 218, 386, 396--399 for depression, 81, 88 with bipolar disorders, 401-402 drug interactions, 241-242, 275, 276 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, with antidepressants, 56, 57 392,393,394,395,396 with carbamazepine, 130 with Tourette syndrome, 407 geriatric patients, 370 Atypical depressions, 88 extrapyramidal reaction management, 171, 172, Autism, 218, 244, 411-412 173 Autonomic side effects: see Neurological effects geriatric patients, 368, 371, 372, 375, 379--380 Avoidant personality disorders, 218, 230 drug interactions, 370 for insomnia, 380--381 Baclofen (Lioresal®), 184 for HI V-related disorders, 458, 462 , 122, 128 hypomania, 141 abuse/dependence disorders, 309 pediatric patients, 393, 405, 406, 410-411 acute intoxication, 296 pharmacology, 229--242 for anxiety disorders, 229, 230, 242-243 adverse effects, 237-241 and carbamazepine toxicity, 130 drug interactions, 241-242 for ECT, 33 laboratory tests, 242 geriatric patients, 370, 380 mechanism of action, 231 management ofCNS depressant withdrawal, pharmacokinetics, 233--237 314--317 principles of use, 232-233 and sleep disorders, 269 pregnant patients, 417, 419, 425-426, 430, 432 for sleep disorders, 271, 281, 285--286 and sleep disorders, 269 tolerance and dependence, 308 for sleep disorders, 271, 272-278, 284, 285, 286 Basal ganglia disorders, 224 adverse effects, 273--275 Behavioral effects dependence, withdrawal, toxicity, 277 antidepressants, 52, 76 drug interactions, 275, 276 antipsychotics, 157-159 geriatric patients, 380--381 benzodiazepines, 274--275 Benztropine, 52, 171, 172, 175,395,421 INDEX 517

Beta , 189 Blood pressure: see Cardiac/cardiovascular ef• Beta blockers, see also Propranolol fects; Hypertension; Hypotension antidepressant overdose management, 60, 61 Borderline disorders, 31, 208, 218, 483-497 for anxiety disorders, 245-246, 250 clinical considerations, 496-497 PTSD,260 depression with, 88, 90 social phobia, 248 diagnosis, 486-489 drug interactions drug treatment, 491-496 with antidepressants, 48 models of, 484-486 with carbamazepine, 127 treatment approaches, 489-491 with lithium, 112, 114,403 Botulinum toxin. 184, 185 MAOI overdose, 78 Bowel function: see Vegetative symptoms and TCA-induced postural tremor, 50 BPD: see Borderline disorders Bethandine, 374 Brain chemical models, 5-6 Bethanechol, 54, 55, 75, 188 Brain chemistry: see Neurobiology B-HT 920, 162 Brain damage: see Organic brain syndromes Biaxin® (clarithromycin), 128,276 Breast feeding, 431; see also Pregnancy and lac- Bicarbonate, 60, 61 tation Bilateral anterior cingulotomy, 229 Brofaromine, 11,247,251, 256 Binge eating disorders, 470, 477 , 175, 185, 332 Biofeedback, 455,458 Bulimia nervosa, 42, 468, 470, 474-477 Biological basis of illness: see Neurobiology Buprenorphine, 300-301, 306, 332 Biological markers, 5, 28 ,5, 11,35,38,40,41,43,46,47,48, Biperiden (Akineton®), 171, 172 49,50,52,53,55,56,64,69,70,122 Bipolar disorders, 26-27, 85, 86-87, 99-145 for bipolar disorders, 87, 132, 142 antidepressant induction of mania, 52, 141 for depression, 82 antidepressants for, 131-132 for eating disorders, 475, 476 anti psychotics for, 130-131 geriatric patients, 382 carbamazepine for, 123-133 for HIV-related disorders, 457 clinical management, 136-144 for panic disorders, 246 clinical presentation, 200 pediatric patients, 389, 399, 400, 401 acute depressive episode, 141-142 pregnant patients, 428 acute manic episode, 138-140 preparations and dosage, 70 hypomania, 141 Buspirone (BuSpar®), 55, 327 maintenance therapy, 142-143 for anxiety disorders, 243-245, 250 mixed or dysphoric mania, 144 generalized, 261 rapid cyclers, 143-144 PTSD,260 schizoaffective disorders, 144 for borderline disorders, 496 course of illness, 101-102 geriatric patients, 377 depression, 86-87 for HIV-related disorders, 458 drug-responsiveness of, 7 pediatric patients, 393, 405-406, 405 electroconvulsive therapy, 102-103 for sleep disorders, 284 evaluation, 133-136 Butalbital,314 geriatric patients, 383-384 Butorphanol, 295 interpersonal/cognitive therapies. 103-104 , 4, 164, 166, 169 lithium for, 105-118 pediatric patients, 390-391, 408, 409 pediatric patients, 392, 393, 401-404 therapeutic window, 170 pregnant patients, 428-430 valproate for, 118-122 , II, 114,218,284 Blind raters, 6 drug interactions Blood levels with anti psychotics, 197-198 antidepressant with lithium, 115 postmortem redistribution and, 61 geriatric patients, 370 depression treatment approaches, 82-83 for orthostatic hypotension, 46 TCAs, 66-67 and sleep disorders, 269 lithium, 116, 403 Calan®: see Verapamil 518 INDEX

Calcium channel blockers. II. 127, 128, 133, Children: see Pediatric pharmacology 197,455 Chloral hydrate, 81 Capsulotomy, 229, 259 abuse of, 307, 309 Carbamazepine, II, 81, 128, 197, 240, 260 geriatric patients, 370 for bipolar disorders, 99, 104, 106, 132 for HIV-related disorders, 462 acute manic episode, 138, 140 for sleep disorders, 271, 281-282, 285--286 mixed or dysphoric manias, 144 Chloramphenicol, 370 pretreatment evaluation, 136 Chlorazepate, 231, 236, 308-309, 370, 379 rapid cycling, 144 , 4, 308 for borderline disorders, 494-495 for alcohol withdrawal, 322, 323 drug interactions, 127-129 for anxiety disorders, 231, 234, 236 with antidepressants, 57 phobias, 257 with valproate, 119, 121, 122 situational anxiety, 251 for eating disorders, 475 geriatric patients, 370, 379 geriatric patients, 370, 371, 372, 377, 384 Chlorgyline,71 for HIV-related disorders, 462 , 3-4, 38, 156, 158, 159, 166, 168, maintenance therapy, 143 169,189,190-191,193,194.197,209 pediatric patients, 392, 402, 403-404 alcohol-induced psychosis, 324 pharmacology, 123-130 drug interactions, with zolpidem, 279 adverse reactions, 124-126 geriatric patients, 368, 370, 371, 372, 374 drug interactions, 127-129 for HIV-related disorders, 459 pharmacokinetics, 123-124 pediatric patients, 390, 408 in pregnancy, 130 Chlorpropamide (Diabinese®), 127 preparations and dosage, 130 , 163, 164, 166,371,372 toxicity. 129-130 Choledyl® (oxtriphylline), 114, 129 pregnant patients, 117, 425, 429, 432 Choline, 81,184 , 71, 332 Cigarette smoking: see Smoking/tobacco use Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 113, 114 Cimetidine, 37.119,197, 128,275.276.370 Carbon monoxide poisoning, 33 Cingulotomy, 156,229,259 Cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial (CAST), 47 Circadian rhythm disruption, 269, 271 Cardiac/cardiovascular effects (Propulsid®), 11,43,48.56 acute intoxication states: see Overdose. over• Clarithromycin (Biaxin®), 128, 276 dose management. toxicity Clinical practice, 6-9 antidepressants, 81 Clofibrate (Atromid-S®), 127 tri- and heterocyclic antidepressants, 45-49, Clomipramine,4, II, 12,37.38,39,44-45,50,55, 53.58-59,60-61,62 64 MAOI contraindications, 77 for anxiety disorders, 259 anti psychotics, 167, 188-190 OCD, 247, 258 benzodiazepines, 275 panic disorders, 246, 252 carbamazepine, 125, 127 drug interactions, 56 c1onidine, 299-300 combination therapy caveats, 91 in geriatric patients, 369, 370, 374-375 with MAOIs, 74, 75 lithium, 110-111 for eating disorders, 473 Cardiazem® (diltiazem), 12, 127, 128 pediatric patients, 388, 406, 408 Catapres®: see Clonidine pregnant patients, 431 Catastrophic stressors, 225--226 ,76, 128, 183, 185 Catatonia, 118 abuse of, 309 Catecholamine hypothesis, 5 for acute manic episode, 138 Catecholamines: see Neurobiology for alcohol dependence, 327 Central nervous system: see CNS effects for anxiety disorders, 230, 231, 234, 236 Centrax®: see panic disorders, 253 Cerebid® (papaverine), 377 social phobia, 256 Character pathology, 31, 90, 118 benzodiazepine withdrawal management, 240 Cheese effect, 37, 71, 72, 73 pediatric patients, 393, 405, 411 Chemoreceptor trigger zone, 159 for sleep disorders, 272, 273, 278, 285 INDEX 519

Clonidine, 81, 240, 371 Cognitive triad, 30 for eating disorders, 473 Coma: see CNS effects extrapyramidal reaction management, 173 Combination therapy, see also Adjunctive ther• geriatric patients, 374 apy for opioid detoxification, 299-300 acute manic episode, 140 pediatric patients, 393, 399, 407, 411,412 antidepressants, 91 for post-traumatic stress disorders, 260 with anti psychotics, 190 for sleep disorders, 284 cholinergic syndromes, 62 Clotrimazole, 81 depression treatment approaches, 84 (Clozaril®), 6, II, 122, 157, 160-161, drug interactions, 56 162,164,167-168,169,171,174,184, antipsychotic cardiotoxicity, 190 185,186,188,189,190,191,192, clinical guidelines, 12-14 193-194, 195, 196, 197, 198,202,203, drug interactions 204,207-209 with antidepressants, 56 benzodiazepine interactions, 276 with carbamazepine, 127 for bipolar disorders, 104, 131, 144 with lithium, 113. 114, 115 for borderline disorders, 493 geriatric patients, 368-369, 370, 371, geriatric patients, 377, 383 373-374,375-376 pediatric patients, 391, 408, 409-410 HIV-related disorders, 460 pregnant patients, 420 neuroleptics, 130 CNS depressants, see also Sedative-hypnotics pediatric patients, 395, 406, 412-413 alcohol-dependency and, 327 Combipres®, 81 cross tolerance, 319 Comorbidity CNS effects, see also Anticholinergic effects; Extra• antidepressant adverse reactions, 42 pyramidal reactions; Neurological effects clinical trial populations, 6 of antidepressants depression, 24 anticholinergic syndrome, 62 Compliance regimen, 12 MAOIs, 73, 75 Confusion: see Cognitive function tri- and heterocyclic, 58, 59, 60-61 Corticosteroids, II, 128 carbamazepine drug interactions, 129 Cost-effective treatment, 13-14 in geriatric patients, 368-374 Cross-tolerance, 293, 295, 308, 319 lithium, 107, 111-112, 115 Crystodigin®, 81 of moclobemide, 71 Cyclandelate (Cyclospasmol®), 377 of valproate, 120 Cyclosporine, I I, 128 withdrawal syndromes: see Withdrawal Cyclothymic disorders, 118 CNS stimulants: see Stimulants Cylert® (magnesium pemoline), 386, 387 Cocaine abuse, 311, 329-333 , 55, 75,192,471,472,473.474 drug interactions with MAO Is, 74 Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, 10, 11-12; see with opioid abuse, 296, 304 also Liver metabolism and sleep disorders, 269 Codeine, 11, 293 Dacarbazine, 128 Cogentin®: see Benztropine Dalmane®: see Flurazepam Cognitions, 30 Danazol, 127, 128 Cognitive function Danocrine®, 128 geriatric patients Dantrolene, 75, 78, 185 benzodiazepine side effects, 380, 381 Darvon® (propoxyphene), 128,293 cognitive enhancers, 379 DDAVP®: see Desmopressin confusion, 369, 370, 372-373 Deanol,184 and informed consent, 502 Debrisoquine, 11,371,374 mental impairment, 153, 208 Delirium anxiety disorder management with, 261 AIDS/HIV-related, 450-451, 459-460, 461 benzodiazepines and, 274 benzodiazepine induction of, 238 lithium treatment of behavior problems, 118 HIV-related disorders, 460, 461 Cognitive therapy: see Interpersonal, cognitive-be• lithium toxicity in elderly, 383 havioral, and psychotherapy marijuana, 350 520 INDEX

Dementia, 218 (cont.) AIDS/HIV-related, 445-446, 447-448, for HlV-related disorders, 456 454-456 pediatric patients, 388, 397, 398, 407 buspirone for, 244 pregnant patients, 428 geriatric patients, drug effects, 378, 380, 382, preparations and dosage, 70 383 and sleep disorders, 269 HIV-I-associated, 444, 445 Desmopressin, 127, 188,395,412 and sleep disorders, 269 Desoxyn®; see Demerol®: see Meperidine Desyrel®; see Depakote®, Depakene®: see Valproate Developmental disorders, pediatric patients, Dependence, definitions of, 239; see also With- 387-396,396,411-412 drawal Dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 28, 492 L-Deprenyl, 407 Dextroamphetamine, 333, 386, 387, 396, 455 Depression, 4 Diabetes insipidus, 127 AIDS/HIV-related, 446, 448-449, 456-457 Diabetes mellitus, 45, 108-109,375 anxiety with, 219 Diabinese® (chlorpropamide), 127 benzodiazepine induction of, 238 Diacetylmorphine, 293-294, 297, 317 bipolar disorders, 86--87,141-142,143-144 Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), 488 borderline disorders, 485, 491-492, 496-497 Dialysis, 77, 129 cannabis and, 351 , 12, 122, 171, 183, 185, 196 causal models, 20--24 abuse of, 296, 304, 309 diagnosis, 24--28 for alcohol dependence, 327 eating disorders with, 474 for anxiety disorders, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 248 evaluation, 79-81 for carbamazepine toxicity, 130 geriatric patients, 375, 376, 380 drug interactions, 276, 370 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, geriatric patients, 369, 370, 379 392,393,394,395,396,399-401,400, for hallucinogen-related toxic delirium, 341 411 pediatric patients, 405 pregnant patients, 427-428 for sleep disorders, 272, 273, 275, 276, 278, 285 psychotic, 89-90, 155, 208 Dibenzodiazepine, 157, 164, 169 suicide, liability issues, 506---507 Dibenzoxazepines, 4, 38, 165,408 treatment approaches, 81-86; see also specific Dibenzoxepines, 38,122,129,165,166,169,195,408 drugs and classes of drugs Didanosine, 454 drug-responsiveness of, 7 Diet general therapeutic measures, 28-34 with borderline disorders, 494 MAOls,69-79 drug interactions, II, 12 stimulants for, 79 with lithium, 115, 142 surgical, 156 with MAOls, 4, 72, 73, 75-76, 91 tri- and heterocyclic antidepressants, 38-69 geriatric patients, 370 variants, 86---92 and sleep disorders, 269 atypical depression, 88-89 Diethylpropion (Tenuate®), 333 bipolar disorders, 86--87 Digoxin (Lanoxin®), 81,128,370,371,375 chronic or recurrent depression, 85-86 Dihydroindolone, 165 major depression with psychotic features, Dilantin®; see Phenytoin 89 Dilaudid® (hydromorphone), 293, 261 mild versus severe, acute versus chronic, Diltiazem (Cardiazem®), 12, 127, 128 agitated versus retarded, 87-88 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), resistant, 90--92 337-338,339 schizophrenic patients, 89-90 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 337, 339 Desipramine, 11,38,39,41,53,64,67,70 Dinacrin®: see for cocaine abuse, 332 Dinitropan® (oxybutynin), 188 combination therapy caveats, 91 Diphenhydramine, 51-52,171,172,283 for depression, 82, 84 pediatric patients, 395, 405 for eating disorders, 475, 477 pregnant patients, 421 geriatric patients, 381 for sleep disorders, 271, 281 INDEX 521

Diphenylbutylpiperidine, 166 Drug interactions (conI.) Disopyramide,47, 128, 189, 196,375 valproate, 119, 121, 122, 140 Dispositional tolerance, 308 zolpidem, 279 Distribution, 10 Drug-responsive syndromes, 7 Disulfiram, 81, 275. 276, 325-326, 332, 370 Drug study designs, 6 Diuretics, 76 Dyskinesias: see Extrapyramidal reactions; drug interactions Movement disorders with carbamazepine, 127 Dysregulation hypothesis, 22 with chloral hydrate, 282 Dysthymia, 27,42,84,87,486 with lithium, 113, 114, 116,403 Dystonias: see Extrapyramidal reactions; Move• geriatric patients, 370, 371, 375 ment disorders Divalproex, 118, 132, 140, 143,207 Dolophine®: see Eating disorders, 467-477 DOM (dimethoxy-4- anorexia nervosa, 468, 469, 471-474 methylamphetamine)

337-338, 339 antidepressants for, 42 L-Dopa, 21, 71, 81, 276, 332, 371, 373 binge eating disorders, 470, 477 (Inotropin®), 60, 61 borderline patients. 492 Dopamine agonists, 185 bulimia nervosa, 468. 470, 474-477 Dopamine neurobiology, 5, 158, 178-179; see also diagnosis, 468-471 Neurobiology treatment approaches, 471 Doriden®: see Glutethimide ECT: see Electroconvuslve therapy (ECT) Dormalin: see Quazepam Edema, 107. 113 Double-blind studies, 6 Effexor®: see Double depression, 84 Egoloid mesylates (Hydergine®), 377 , 38, 39, 53, 68, 70 Elavil®: see Amitriptyline anticholinergic syndrome, 62 Elderly: see Geriatric patients combination therapy, 91 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 186 geriatric patients, 368, 371, 372 for bipolar disorders, 87,102-103 for HIV-related disorders, 456 acute depressive episode, 142 pediatric patients, 398 acute manic episode, 139 preparations and dosage, 70 for depression, 31-34, 48, 84, 89, 90 sedative effects, 88, 283 for eating disorders, 474 Doxycycline, 128 geriatric patients, 375, 383 Doxylamine (Unisom®), 281, 283 pregnant patients, 423 , 166,460 Electroencephalography (EEG) Drug abuse: see Substance abuse antipsychotics and, 159, 167 Drug interactions, 7 borderline disorders, 488 with alcohol, 57, 237, 241, 275, 276, 279, 307 marijuana and, 351 antidepressants, 37 Elimination half-life, 10 cholinergic syndromes, 62 Elpedry1: see Selegiline MAOIs, 37, 74, 75, 77, 307 Emonapride, 162 SSRIs, 51, 91 Enanthate esters of anti psychotics, 206 TCAs, 48,50,56-57,74,75,91,121,122,127, Endocrine effects 129,307 alcohol abuse, 320 antipsychotics, 196-198 antipsychotics, 191-192 benzodiazepines, 56, 57, 130,235,237,241-242, lithium, 108-109,403 275,276,279,370 TCAs,45 carbamazepine,57, 119, 121, 122, 127-129, 130, 140 valproate, 121 chloral hydrate, 282 , 127 geriatric patients, 370, 371 Enuresis, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, hepatic metabolism and, 10, 11-12,56 395,396,412 lithium, \13-115, 116, 130, 197 , 74 in medicaIly ill patients, 14 Epilepsy, 231, 237, 392; see also Seizures , 307 Epinephrine (Adrenalin®), 74, 77, 189 sleep disorder management, 271 Equagesic®: see 522 INDEX

Equanil®: see Meprobamate (cont.) Erythromycin, 12, 128, 197,275,276 for bipolar disorders, 132 Eskalith®: see Lithium for borderl ine disorders, 494 Estazolam, 231,272,273, 275, 277, 285, 381 for cocaine abuse, 332 Estrogens, 81, 128 drug interactions, 57 for depression, 45, 91 with benzodiazepines, 276 drug interactions, 127, 275 with MAOls, 74, 75 Ethacrynic acid, 114 for eating disorders, 472, 473. 474, 475, 476, 477 Ethchlorvynol, 271, 282, 285-286, 307, 310, geriatric patients, 382 314,371 for HlV-related disorders, 457 Ethopropazine, 172 pediatric patients, 389, 400--401, 406, 408 Ethrane® (eflurane), 127 pharmacokinetics, 62-{j3 Eutonyl® (pargyline), 71 pregnant patients, 422, 428 Extrapyramidal reactions (EPR) preparations and dosage, 70 amoxapine, 51 and sleep disorders, 269 antidepressants, 51 stimulant effects, 88 antipsychotics, 157, 160, 167, 168, 170-185 Flupenthixol, 131. 332 geriatric patients, 368, 369, 370, 373, 376-377, . II. 163. 166, 169, 199,205.206 378 for bipolar disorders, 131 HIV-related disorders, 459, 460 enanthate and decanoate esters. 206-207 with lithium, 112 geriatric patients, 376 medications for, prenatal exposure to, 421 pediatric patients, 390 neuroleptics, 129 Flurazepam, 309 pediatric patients, 394, 395, 409-410 for anxiety disorders. 231 Eye: see Ocular effects geriatric patients, 370, 379 Eye movement desensitization therapy, 260 for sleep disorders. 272. 273, 274, 275, 277, 285 Flurocortisone (Florinefl!», 46, 208 Family and social support system, 8 , 11,41,42,53,64,65,69.70, 128,276 antipsychotic drug-induced dystonias, 170-171 for anxiety disorders clinical evaluation guidelines, 9-10 OCD, 247, 258 depressed patient, 80, 81, 82, 83 panic disorders, 252 geriatric patients, 376 drug interactions, 56-57 Family treatment, in , 154-155 for HIV-related disorders, 457 Famotidine, 119 pediatric patients, 389, 400, 401 Fear of flying, 257 pregnant patients. 422 Felbamate, 122, 404 preparations and dosage. 69, 70 Felbatol®, 122 toxicity, 62 , 81 Food interactions: see Diet for anxiety disorders, 258 Frontal lobotomy, 156 for eating disorders, 475, 476, 477 Furazolidone (Furoxone®), 71,129 pediatric patients, 395, 411--412 Furosemide, 113, 282 Fenoprofen calcium, 114 Furoxone® (furazolidone), 71,129 Fentanyl derivatives, 345-346 Flagyl®: see Metronidazole (Neurontin®), 133 Florinefl!> (f1urocortisone), 46, 208 Gastrointestinal side effects Flucoxamine, 38 antidepressants Flumazenil (Romazicon®), 241 MAOIs,77 Flurocortisone (Florinefl!», 46, 208 tri- and heterocyclic, 54 Fluothane®: see anti psychotics, 187 Fluoxetine,4-5, 11,35-36,38,41,42,43,49, carbamazepine, 126 51,52,53,55,68, 114, 128, 197 lithium, 107, III, 115,403 for anx iety disorders valproate, 119 OCD, 247, 258 Generalized anxiety disorders, 218, 231 panic disorders, 246, 252 antidepressants for, 42, 248 social phobia, 256 clinical considerations, 260-262 INDEX 523

Generalized anxiety disorders (cont.) Halothane, 127 differential diagnosis, 226-227 Hashish,350 pediatric patients, 404 Head injuries, 244 treatments, 250 Heart: see Cardiac/cardiovascular effects Generic drugs, bioavailability considerations, 13-14 Hematologic complications Geriatric patients, 367-383 antipsychotics, 167, 168, 193-194 acute manic episode, 140 carbamazepine, 125 adverse reactions lithium, 110 cardiac, 369, 370, 374--375 MAOls,77 CNS, 368-374 TCAs,44 orthostatic hypotension, 45, 46 val pro ate, 120-121 anxiety disorders, 261, 379-380 Hemodialysis, MAOI elimination, 77 behavior problems and psychotic thinking, Heparin (Panheprin®), 377 376-378 Hepatic metabolism: see Liver metabolism benzodiazepine effects, 230, 238, 275 Heroin, 293-294, 297, 317 bipolar affective disorders, 383-384 Heterocyclic antidepressants: see Tricyclic/het- chlordiazepoxide half-life, 322 erocyclic antidepressants clinical guidelines for antidepressants, 48 Historical perspective, 3-15 dementia, 378 Histrionic syndrome, 25-26, 218 depression, 45, 46, 381-383 HIV-related disorders, 301-302, 320.441-463 insomnia, 380-381 anxiety, 449-450, 458-459 dosage, 69 delirium. 450-451. 459-460, 461 principles of medication use, 375-376 dementia, 445-446, 447-448, 454-456 sleep disorders, 285 depression, 446, 448-449, 456-457 Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: see Tourette syn- diagnosis of HIV / AIDs, 442-443 drome insomnia, 453-454, 462 Glaucoma, 45, 187, 190 psychosis, 451-453, 460-462 Glutethimide, 271, 307, 309-310, 314 Hostility: see Aggression/hostility GR-68755C, 162 Hydergine® (egoloid mesylates), 377 Grief responses, 24 Hydromorphone (Dilaudid®), 293, 261 Growth hormone, 161 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 22 , 81,197,371,374 5-Hydroxytryptamine, 337 (Tenex®), 394, 399,407 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 22 Hydroxyzine (Atarax®), 115, 242, 281, 405 (Paxipam®), 231, 234, 309 Hypermetabolic syndrome, 91 Halcion®: see Triazolam Hypertension Haldol®: see MAOIs and, 74, 77 Half-life, 10 rebound, propranolol withdrawal and, 411 Hallucinogen abuse, 337-342 TCA side effects, 45, 46, 58, 59, 60-61 Haloperidol,4, II, 164, 166, 169, 189, 197, 199, Hypnotics: see Sedative-hypnotics 200,205,208 Hypochondriasis, 25-26, 33, 218 for bipolar disorders, 113, 122, 129, 130, 131, Hypomania, 52, 86,105,138,141 138 Hypotension, see also Cardiac/cardiovascular ef• for borderline disorders, 493 fects drug interactions antidepressants and with carbamazepine, 129 drug interactions, 56, 74 with lithium, 113 tri- and heterocyclics, 45-46, 48, 58, 59, 60, enanthate and decanoate esters, 206 61 geriatric patients, 376 antipsychotics and, 167, 188-189 for HIV-related disorders, 459-460, 461 geriatric patients, 374 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 185 Hysteroid dysphoria, 492 pediatric patients, 390-391, 408, 410 pregnant patients, 420 Ibuprofen, 114,370 for sleep disorders, 284 ICI-204,636, 162 therapeutic window, 170 Imidazolidinone, 165, 166, 169 524 INDEX

Imidazopyridines, 231,271, 278 . 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 79 , II, 12,35,38,39,42,45,50,53, combination therapy, 91 55,64,66,67,68,70 for eating disorders, 475 anticholinergic syndrome, 62 Isoniazid,34. 128,276,370 for anxiety disorders, 248 Isoproterenol (Isuprel®), 189 generalized,261 Isopto®; see Scopolamine panic disorders. 246, 252 Itraconazole, II, 197 PTSD, 259-260 for bipolar disorders, 132 Ketoconazole (Nizoral®), II. 197,276,370 cocaine abuse, 332 Kidney disease drug interactions anxiety secondary to, 242 combination therapy caveats, 91 clonidine contraindications, 299 with zolpidem, 279 MAOI contraindications, 77 for eating disorders, 475 Kidney function, 10 geriatric patients, 371, 372, 374, 381 amoxapine toxicity, 61 for HI V-related disorders, 456 carbamazepine toxicity, 126, 127-128 pediatric patients, 387, 397, 398,406 lithium toxicity, 109-110, 135-136 preparations and dosage, 70 Klonopin®; see Clonazepam and sleep disorders, 269 Korsakoff's syndrome, 320, 321 Indandione derivatives, 128 Indapamide, 114 Laboratory tests Inderal®; see Propranolol biological markers of depression, 28 Indocin®, 81,114,370 depression treatment approaches, 82-83 Indoleamine hypothesis, 21-22 lithium levels, indications for obtaining, 116 Indolone, 169 lithium pretreatment evaluation, 135-136 Indomethacin (Indocin®), 81,114,370 Lamictal® (Iamotrigine), 122, 128, 132-133 Influenza virus vaccine, 127, 128 Lamivudine, 454 Informed consent, 7, 501-503, 504-505 Lamotrigine (Lamictal®), 122, 128. 132-133 INH®; see Isoniazid Lanoxin® (digoxin), 81, 128,370,371,375 Inhalant abuse, 343-344 Larodopa®; see L·Dopa Inotropin® (dopamine), 60, 61 Lasix®; see Furosemide Insomnia; see Sleep disorders/insomnia Leaden paralysis, 88 Insulin, 371, 375 Leukocytes; see Hematologic complications Integrative models of depression, 22 Levodopa®; see L.Dopa Interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral, and psycho- Levophed® (), 189 therapy, 8-9 , 128 for anxiety disorders, 215, 217, 219, 227-228, Librium®; see Chlordiazepoxide 250 Lidocaine (Xylocaine®), 12,60,61, 189, 190 OCD, 257, 259 Limbic leucotomy, 229, 259 panic disorders, 254 Lioresal® (baclofen), 184 PTSD,260 Liothyronine,91 social phobia, 255, 256 Lipid solubility of drugs, 166, 168, 196, 309-310 for bipolar disorders, 103-104, 142 Lithium, 3, 186, 197 for depression, 25. 29-31, 9{}-91 AIDS/HIV-related disorders, 461-462 for eating disorders, 471, 476 for alcohol dependence, 326-327 for HIV-related disorders, 455, 457, 458-459, for anxiety disorders, PTSD, 260 462 for bipolar disorders, 99,104,105-118,131-132 pregnant patients, 427, 431 acute manic episode, 138, 139-140 for schizophrenia, 154-155 diagnostic assessment, 133-135 for sleep disorders, 268, 270 271, 285, 286 hypomania, 141 for substance abuse disorders maintenance therapy, 142 alcohol abuse, 327-329 medical evaluation, 135-136 opioids, 306, 307 mixed or dysphoric manias, 144 , 4, 34 rapid cycling bipolar, 143 Ismelin®; see Guanethidine for borderline disorders, 495, 497, 495 INDEX 525

Lithium (cont.) Lorazepam (cont.) in breast milk, 431 for HIV-related disorders, 458, 459, 460, 461. depression treatment, 83, 86-87 462 drug interactions, II J.-115 pediatric patients, 393, 405, 410-411 with anti psychotics, 197 for sleep disorders, 272. 273, 274, 276, 278, with carbamazepine, 127 285 geriatric patients, 370 , 38, 122, 129, 165, 166, 169, 195,408 with neuroleptics, 130 Ludiomil®: see for eating disorders, 473 Luvox®: see Fluvoxamine and ECT, 33, 87 Lypressin, 127 geriatric patients, 370, 371, 372, 375, 377, d- diethylamide (LSD), 337, 38J.-384 338--342 for HIV-related disorders, 457 pediatric patients, 392, 400, 402-403 Magnesium pemoline (Cylert®), 386, 387 pharmacology Major depression, 84, 226 adverse reactions, 107-113,403 borderline patients, 491-492 drug interactions, 113-115 with borderline personality, 88 other indications for, 118 buspirone for, 244 pharmacokinetics, 106-107 eating disorders with, 474 in pregnancy, 117 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, preparations and dosage, 117-118 392,393,394,395,396,399-401 toxicity, 115-117 pregnant patients, 427-428 pregnant patients, 117, 423-424, 428-430, 432 with psychotic features, 89 for schizoaffective disorders, 144 Major tranquilizers, 156-157 for sleep disorders, 271 Mania, 3, 26-27, 87, 105, 155 tremor, 50 acute, 138--140 Lithium groups, 103 antidepressant precipitation of, 52, 141 Liver disease anti psychotics for, 129 anxiety secondary to, 242 geriatric patients, 376 MAO! contraindications, 77 juvenile, 402 Liver function maintenance therapy, 143 antipsychotics and, 167, 192-193 MAOI side effects, 76 carbamazepine and, 125, 127-128 mixed/dysphoric, 144 MAOls and, 76-77 pediatric patients, 390, 392, 393 TCAs and, 44-45 pregnant patients, 428-429 valproate and, 121 pretreatment evaluation, 136 Liver metabolism, see also specific agents rapid cyclers, 143-144 anti psychotics, 170 MAO Is: see Monoamine oxidase inhibitors carbamazepine and, 127 Maoprolol, II drug interactions, 56 Maprotiline, 11,35,38,40,42,46,50.53,62, MAOI,78 64,68 P450 isoenzymes, 10, 11-12 drug interactions tri- and heterocyclic antidepressants and, 48-49 with carbamazepine, 129 Lobotomy, 156 with valproate, 122 Loop diuretics, 76 preparations and dosage, 70 Lorazepam, 200 toxicity, 58, 59, 60, 61 abuse of, 309 Marijuana, 346-352 for acute mania, 138--139 Marplan®: see Isocarboxazid for anxiety disorders, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236 Matulane® (procarbazine), 71,129 adjustment disorders, 250-251 Meclobemide, 256 panic disorders, 25J.-254 Medical conditions, 14; see also Medications phobias, 257 anxiety secondary to, 218, 219--220, 242 situational anxiety, 251 clinical trial populations, 6 social phobia, 255 depression management, 77, 85, 91 geriatric patients, 380 depression versus, 26 526 INDEX

Medical conditions (cant.) , 79, 91,333 geriatric patients, 368, 370, 375 geriatric patients, 370, 383 mania with, 136 for HIV-related disorders, 456, 457 sleep disorders with, 269, 270 with MAOIs, 74, 75 Medical history pediatric patients, 386, 387, 396 clinical evaluation guidelines, 9 pregnant patients, 422-423 depressed patients, 80 and sleep disorders, 269 geriatric patients, 375 Methyprylon (Noludar®), 307, 310, 314 Medications, see also Drug interactions: specific , 473 drugs , 245-246 antipsychotic selection, 166 Metronidazole, 8 I, 114 and depression, 80, 81 Mexiletine, I I, 128 geriatric patients, 370 Microsomal P450 enzymes, 10, 11-12 HIV-related disorders, 450 Midazolam, 12,56,235 and sleep disorders, 268, 269, 270, 271 Miltown®: see Meprobamate substance-induced anxiety disorders, 2 I 8, 220 Minanserin, 11,41,475 Medicolegal issues, 501-510 Mineralocorticoids, 208 informed consent, 501-503, 504-505 Minor tranquilizers, 229-230 liability, 503-508 , 36,40,4 1,43, 57, 66, 69, 82 refusal of treatment, 508-510 MK-801,455 Mefloquine, 122 Moclobemide, 12,37,71,247 Melatonin, 283 , 122, 129, 165, 166, 169,391,408, MeIIaril®: see 461 , 455 Monoamine depletion, antidepressants and, 41-42 Mental impairment: see Cognitive function, men• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOls), 4, 22, 25, tal impairment 34,36,42,69-79,122 Meperidine adverse reactions, 72-77 abuse of, 293 cardiac effects, 46, 75 drug interactions with MAOls, 37, 74, 75 edema and weight gain, 75 geriatric patients, 370, 371, 372 hypermetabolic crisis, 73-75 Meprobamate, 4, 243, 307, 310, 314 hypertensive crisis, 72-73 , 337-338, 339 neuropsychiatric, 76 (Serentil®), 163, 168, 169 nocturnal myoclonus, 267 Metabolism, 10 postural hypotension, 75 bioavailability considerations, 13-14 sexual dysfunction, 55, 75 geriatric patients, 368, 379 for anxiety disorders, 246-248, 250 hepatic: see Liver metabolism panic disorders, 25 I, 252 medical illness and, 14 PTSD,260 Metaraminol (Aramine®), 189 social phobia, 248, 255-256, 255, 256 Methadone, 293,294,298-299,302-304,317 for bipolar disorders, 87, 132 Methamphetamine (Desoxyn®), 74, 333, for borderline disorders, 494, 496 334-335 combination therapy Methaqualone, 307, 309 caveats, 91 Methoxyflurane, 127 pediatric patients, 406 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 28 depression treatment approaches, 82, 84, 88, 90 Methscopolamine (Pamine®), 52 diet with, 37, 71, 72, 73,91 I -Methyl-4-phenyl-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine drug interactions, 56, 91 (MPPP),345 with carbamazepine, 129 4-Methylaminorex, 346 with opioids and alcohol, 307 Methyldopa (Aldomet®), 81,115,197,371,374 for eating disorders, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA, Eve), geriatric patients, 371, 372, 373-374, 382 344-346 guidelines for use, 48, 9 I 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (Ec• for HIV-related disorders, 457 stasy, MDMA), 344-346 overdoses, 83 3-Methylfentanyl (TMF), 346 pediatric patients, 388-389, 399,400,40 I INDEX 527

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (cont.) Narcissistic personality disorders, 31 pharmacology Narcolepsy, 269 contraindications and toxicity, 77 Narcotics, 37, 74, 75 neurochemistry, 69--72 geriatric patients, 368, 369, 371, 372 pharmacokinetics, 78 opioid abuse, 293-307, 311, 317, 352 preparations and dosage, 78, 79 Narcotics Anonymous, 306, 333 switching with TCAs, 91 Nardil®: see pregnant patients, 422, 428 Narrow-angle glaucoma, 45 RIMAs,37 Nefazodone, II, 12,36,40,41,43,46,48,50, for anxiety disorders, 247, 250, 251, 255, 256, 55,64,65--66,69,70 260 for anxiety disorders, 252 for depression, 71, 72, 73, 75 for bipolar disorders, 128, 142 switching with TCAs, 91 depression treatment approaches, 82 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors type A (MAOI-A), 71 drug interactions, 56, 57, 128, 276 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B (MAOI-B), for HIV-related disorders, 457 37,71,389 pregnant patients, 422, 428 Mood disorders, 153, 208, 218 preparations and dosage, 69, 70 antidepressants for, 42 toxicity, 61--62 juvenile, 399--404 Nembutal® (pentobarbital), 281, 308, 314 lithium treatment of behavior problems, 118 Neostigmine, 75 pediatric patients, 400, 41 ~ II Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 45 pregnant patients, 427-430 Neurobiology, 5--6 and sleep disorders, 271 antidepressant MOA sleep disorders with, 269 fluoxetine, 36 Mood stabilizers, pregnant patients, 417, 423-425 MAOIs, 34, 71-72 Morphine, 297 mitrazapine,36--37 Motor impairment: see Extrapyramidal reactions; tricyclic and heterocyclic, 38, 41 Movement disorders antipsychotic drugs, 157-162, 191-192 Motrin®: see Ibuprofen anxiety disorders, 214--218 Movement disorders, see also Extrapyramidal reac• borderline disorders, 484-485 tions; Parkinson's syndrome; Tardive depression, 21-22 dyskinesia eating disorders, 474 antidepressants lithium, 402-403 heterocyclic, 50 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 75, 204; see MAOI drug interactions, 74 also Temperature regulation TCAs, 50, 51-52 with antipsychotics, 186--187 antipsychotics and, 170--172, 195 HIV-re1ated disorders, 459 benzodiazepines and, 274 pediatric patients, 410, 411 HIV-I-associated, 444 Neuroleptics, 4, 81; see also specific drugs lithium and, 107, 111-112,403 amoxapine as, 51, 52 pediatric patients, 395 for AIDS/HIV-related disorders, 459--460 sleep myoclonus, 50, 267, 269, 283, 284 for bipolar disorders Muscle relaxation for ECT, 33 lithium with, 118 Muscle rigidity: see Parkinson's syndrome mania, 136, 140 Myoclonus, 50, 267, 269, 283, 284 for borderline disorders, 492-493, 497 drug interactions , 245--246 with antidepressants, 51, 62 Nafazodone,370 with carbamazepine, 129 Naloxone (Narcan®), 296, 297, 304--306 with SSRIs, 51 Naltrexone, 300, 304--306, 326, 395 for eating disorders, 472 for alcohol withdrawal, 326 geriatric patients, 376--377, 383 for eating disorders, 475, 476 for hallucinogen-related toxic delirium, 341 for opioid detoxification, 300 minimal effective dose, 157 pediatric patients, 412 pregnant patients, 420-421 Narcan® (naloxone), 296, 297, 304--306 for schizoaffective disorders, 144 528 INDEX

Neuroleptics (cont. ) Novocain® (procaine), 74, 379 side effects, see also Neuroleptic malignant Nytol®: see Diphenhydramine syndrome versus depression, 89 Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, 275 management in pediatric patients, 395. ObsessivIH:ompulsive disorders (OCD), 215, nocturnal myoclonus, 267 218 Neurological effects, see also Anticholinergic ef• antidepressants for, 42 fects; CNS effects; Extrapyramidal re• beta blockers for, 246 actions; Movement disorders; clinical considerations, 257-259 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Tar• clomipramine for, 39 dive dyskinesia differential diagnosis, 223-225 acute intoxication states: see Overdose, over• drug-responsiveness of, 7 dose management, toxicity lithium for, 118 antipsychotics, 170-187 pediatric patients, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, extrapyramidal syndromes, 170-185 393,394,395,396,389,393,404,406 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 186-187 pregnant patients, 431 sedation, 185 SSRIs for, 247 seizures, 185-186 surgical treatment, 156 benzodiazepines, 274 treatments, 250 carbamazepine, 125-126 Ocular effects MAOIs,76 antidepressants, heterocyclic, 45, 53-54, 62 TCAs,49-55 antipsychotics, 187, 190-191 Neuromotor impairment: see Movement disorders carbamazepine, 126 Neurontin® (gabapentin), 133 extrapyramidal effects: see Extrapyramidal reac• Neurosurgery: see Surgical treatment tions Neurotransmitter hypotheses, 5, 28; see also lithium, I 13 Neurobiology , 161, 164, 168, 197,204 : see Smoking/tobacco use Omeprazole (Prilosec®), 12,276 Nifepidine (Adalat®), 12, 127,455 , 162 Nightmares, antipsychotics and, 284 Opiate antagonists: see Naltrexone Nimodipine, 144,455 Opiates, 81, 307 Nizoral® (ketoconazole), II, 197,276,370 Opioid abuse, 293-307, 311, 317, 352 Noctec®: see Chloral hydrate Oral contraceptives, 81,127,128,275 Nocturnal myoclonus, 269, 283, 284 Orap®: see Noludar® (methyprylon), 307, 310, 314 ORO 5222, 162 , 35, 41 Organic brain syndromes, 208, 244 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 114, 115, antidepressants and, 52 116,370,403 antipsychotic use in, 153 Noradrenergic agonists, pediatric patients, 393, geriatric patients, 372, 376 399 lithium treatment of behavior problems, 118 Norepinephrine: see Neurobiology Orinase®, 122 Norepinephrine (Levophed®), 189 , 172 Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, 84 Orthostatic hypotension: see Cardiac/cardiovascular Norethindrone, 370 effects; Hypotension Norfluoxetine, 11,382 Osmotic diuretics, 113, 114 Norpace®: see Disopyramide Overdose, overdose management, toxicity Norpramin®: see Desipramine antidepressants, 83 , 11,38,39,46,48,53,64,65,68, MAOIs, 77 70 TCAs, 58-63 depression, 82 antipsychotics, 195-196 geriatric patients, 371, 372, 381 benzodiazepines, 241, 277 pediatric patients, 388, 397, 407 with borderline disorders, 490-491 pregnant patients, 428 carbamazepine, 129-130 preparations and dosage, 70 lithium, 115 for sleep disorders, 271, 283 medical illness and drug sensitivity, 14 INDEX 529

Overdose, overdose management, toxicity (cont.) Pargyline (Eutonyl®), 71 substance abuse, 343, 338, 340, 341, 348-349 Parkinson's disease, 21, 71, 73,171,373 alcohol, 319-321, 324 Parkinson's syndrome, 190; see also Extrapyra- amphetamines, 335-336 midal reactions cocaine, 330-331 antipsychotic drugs and, 51, 89, 157, 159, 160, marijuana, 348-349, 350 173-175 opioids, 294, 295-297 designer drugs (MPTP) and, 345 valproate, 121 pediatric patients, 409 zolpidem, 229-230 Parnate: see Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs , 11,38,41,49, 53, 55, 197 and antidepressant therapy, 91 for anxiety disorders for anxiety disorders, 242 OCD, 247, 258 drug interactions panic disorders, 246, 252 with antipsychotics, 197-198 drug interactions, 57, 75 with benzodiazepines, 237, 241 for eating disorders, 476 with MAOIs, 74, 75 geriatric patients, 382 geriatric patients, 368, 370, 371, 372, 376 pediatric patients, 389, 400, 40 I GI symptom management, 119 pharmacokinetics, 63-64 pediatric patients, 399 pregnant patients, 428 and sleep disorders, 269 preparations and dosage, 68-69, 70 for sleep disorders, 281, 283 Patient considerations clinical guidelines, 9 abuse of, 309 cost versus value of treatment, 14 for anxiety disorders, 231, 234, 236 depression treatment approaches, 83-84 geriatric patients, 380 Patient evaluation, 9-10 for HIV-related disorders, 458, 462 Patient-physician relationship, see also Legal is• in opioid detoxification, 300 sues pediatric patients, 405 benzodiazepines versus, 219 for sleep disorders, 272, 273, 276, 278 clinical practice, 6-7, 8 Oxtriphylline (Choledyl®), 114, 129 Paxil®: see Paroxetine Oxybutynin (Dinitropan®), 188 Paxipam® (halazepam), 231, 234, 309 Oxycodone (Percodan®), 293 Pediatric pharmacology, 385-413 ADHD, 386, 396-399 Pain syndromes, 153, 156,380 anxiety disorders, 404-406 Pamelor®: see Nortriptyline bipolar disorders, 401-404 Pamine® (methscopolamine), 52 carbamazepine poisoning, 129 Panheprin®(heparin), 377 combination therapy, 412-413 Panic disorders, 215, 218, 227, 230, 231,237 developmental disorders, 411-412 with alcohol abuse, 327 enuresis, 412 antidepressants for, 42, 246-247 generalized anxiety disorders, 226 clinical considerations, 251-254 major depression, 399-401 differential diagnosis, 220-221 OCD,406 drug-responsiveness of, 7 psychosis, 153,408-411 pediatric patients, 404 psychotropic drugs used in, 387-395 pregnant patients, 430-431 sleep disturbances, 268, 283, 412 sleep disturbances with, 271 tic disorders, 406-408 treatments, 250 Pemoline, 269, 346, 383, 386, 387, 397, 455 Panic reaction, marijuana, 350 Pentazocine, 81, 295 Papaverine (Cerebid®), 377 Penthrane®: see Methoxyflurane Paracetamol, II Pentobarbital (Nembutal®), 281, 308, 314 Paraldehyde, 271,307 Pentobarbital tolerance test, 315-316 Paralysis, leaden, 88 Percodan® (oxycodone), 293 Paranoia, 3 , 332 Paranoid disorders, 153 Periactin®: see Cyproheptadine Paregoric, 293 Perinatal syndromes, 419, 420 530 INDEX

Periodic disorders, lithium for, 118 , 74, 346 Periodic leg movements of sleep (PLMS), 267, Phenylpropylamines, 38; see also Fluoxetine 269,283,284 Phenytoin, 12, 60, 61, 128, 190, 197 , II, 163, 169,376,390,408,493 alcohol withdrawal, 323 Personality characteristics, 4-5, 25-26 drug interactions with valproate, 119, 121, 122 Personality disorders, 118, 218; see also Border- geriatric patients, 370, 371 line disorders Phobias, 4, 218, 230 Pharmacodynamic tolerance, 308 antidepressants for, 42 Pharmacotherapy practice, 3-15 clinical considerations, 255-257 brain chemical models, 5-6 differential diagnosis, 221, 222-223 clinical practice, 6-9 treatments, 250 combination therapy clinical guidelines, 12-14 Photosensitivity, 77, 167, 191 compliance regimen for, 12 Physical restraint, 139 cost-effective treatment, 13-14 Physiological dependence, 239 definition of clinical syndromes, 5 Physostigmine, 60, 61, 62-63, 81,188, 196 drug-responsive syndromes, 7 Pickwickian syndrome, 275 drug study designs, 6 Pimozide, 122, 164, 166, 189, 190,208 historical perspective, 3-15 carbamazepine interactions, 129 medically ill patients, 14 for eating disorders, 473 patient evaluation, 9-10 pediatric patients, 391, 407, 408 prescription, 12-14 , 246; see also Beta blockers principles of use, 10, II Piperazinoazepine,41 psychotherapy and, 8-9 Pipothiazine, 131 Phase shift, 269, 271 Piracetam,379 Phenacetin, II, 81 Pisa syndrome, 373 , 342 Pituitary adenomas, 191 Phenelzine, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 Placebos, 6 for borderline disorders, 494 Placenta, 419 combination therapy, 91 Placidyl®: see Ethchlorvynol for eating disorders, 475 Plasma levels: see Blood levels geriatric patients, 382 Polypharmacy: see Adjunctive therapy; Combination for panic disorders, 247 therapy; Medications pediatric patients, 388, 399, 40 I Pondimin®: see Fenfluramine pregnant patients, 422 Positron emission tomography, 28, 215 for PTSD, 259, 260 Postmortem redistribution of antidepressant drugs, 61 and sleep disorders, 269 Postsynaptic receptors: see Neurobiology Phenmetrazine (Preludin®), 333 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 215, 218 , 119, 122, 128,242-243,314-317 antidepressants for, 42 , 35, 38, 44, 156, 158, 162, 163, borderline disorders, 485 166,190,193,197,199 clinical considerations, 259-260 anticholinergic syndrome, 62 pediatric patients, 404 drug interactions treatments, 250 with carbamazepine, 129 Postural hypotension: see Cardiac/cardiovascular ef- with valproate, 121, 122 fects; Hypotension geriatric patients, 376 Postural tremor, 50 pediatric patients, 390, 408, 409 Prazepam, 231, 233, 234, 309, 370, 379 pharmacokinetics, 168, 169 Prefrontalleucotomy, 229 pregnant patients, 420, 432 Pregnancy and lactation retinopathy with, 190 antidepressants, 421-423 (Regitine®), 60, 61, 73, 477 MAOIs,77 Phenylbutazine, 81,114 TCAs, 57-58 , 74 anti psychotics, 194-195 Phenylethylamines, 337-338 anxiety disorders, 430-431 Phenylisopropylamines, 337-338 assessment of risks, 417-418 derivatives, 41 benzodiazepines, 277, 425-426 INDEX 531

Pregnancy and lactation (cont.) Psychoses (cont.) breast feeding, 431 pediatric patients, 390, 391, 393, 408-411 carbamazepine and, 129 sleep disorders with, 268, 269, 270 lithium and, 117 with substance abuse disorders valproate and, 123 alcohol, 324 carbamazepine, 130 amphetamine, 336 clinical trial populations, 6 marijuana/cannabis, 350 ECT,423 opioid,307 lithium, 117, 403 surgical treatment, 156 meprobamate teratogenicity, 310 Psychosocial factors, and antidepressant therapy, mood disorders, 427-430 90-91 mood stabilizers, 423-425 Psychotherapy, 8-9; see also Interpersonal, cog• valproate, 122 nitive-behavioral, and psychotherapy zolpidem, 280 Psychotic features Preludin® (phenmetrazine), 333 antidepressant side effects, 52, 76 Premenstrual syndrome, 143-144 and antidepressant therapy, 25-26 Prescription of drugs, 12-14 bipolar disorder with, 138 Presynaptic receptors: see Neurobiology depression with, 26, 89 PriloseC® (omeprazole), 12,276 geriatric patients, 376-378 Primidone, 119, 121, 122, 128, 133 PTSD: see Post-traumatic stress disorder Principles of use, 10, II Pyridistigmine, 62 Procainamide, 47, 60, 61, 81,189,196,371,374--375 Pyridoxine (vitamin B,), 76, 455 Procaine (Novocain®), 74, 379 Pyrilamine (Robitussin®), 281 Procarbazine (Matulane®), 71, 129 , 163, 420 Quazepam, 231,272-273,275, 277,285 , 172 , II, 12,47, 128, 197,371,374 Prolactin, 161, 168, 191 Quinidine effect, 47, 189,369 Prolixin®: see Fluphenazine (Sparine®), 38 Rabbit syndrome, 174 , 405 , 162 Pronestyl®: see Procainamide Rational Recovery, 329 Propanediols, 229, 230, 243 Rawolfia alkaloids, 166 Propoxyphene (Darvon®), 128, 293 Rebound effects, 239 Propranolol, II, 12, 81, 184, 190; see also Beta blockers anticholinergic, 52 benzodiazepine withdrawal, 317 benzodiazepines, 274 extrapyramidal reaction management, 173 hypertension, propranolol withdrawal and, 411 geriatric patients, 370, 377-378 Receptors: see Neurobiology with lithium, 112, 114 sensitivity hypothesis, 22; see also pediatric patients, 394, 410, 411 Neurobiology Propulsid® (cisapride), 11,43,48,56 Regitine® (phentolamine), 60, 61, 73, 477 Prosom®: see Estazolam , II, 162, 194 Prostate conditions, 54 REM sleep, 283. 313 , 38, 39, 53, 62, 64, 68, 70, 269, 456 , 21, 81, 91,156,166,184,374 Prozac®: see Fluoxetine Resistant depressions, 90-92 , 74 Respiratory disease , 337, 339 geriatric patients, 380 Psychoactive drugs: see Neuroleptics MAOI contraindications, 77 Psychological dependence, 239 and sleep disorders, 275 Psychological models of depression, 20 Respiratory system effects Psychoses, 3-4, 218 acute intoxication states: see Overdose, over- AIDS/HI V-related, 451-453, 460-462 dose management, toxicity antipsychotic drugs, 156-208; see also Antipsy• antipsychotics, 188-190 chotics benzodiazepines, 238-239, 275 ECT,156 TCAs, 58, 59, 60 nonbiological treatments, 154--155 Restoril: see Temazepam 532 INDEX

Retardation, 153; see also Cognitive function Sedation (cont.) Retarded depression, 87-88 geriatric patients, 368-372 Retrovir® (ziduvirine), 276 with TCAs, 49-50 Reverse tolerance, 331 Sedative-hypnotics, 81 Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A for abuse/dependence disorders, 307-317 (RIMAs) sleep disorders with, 269 for anxiety disorders, 250 withdrawal,312-317 panic disorders, 247, 251 abuse potential, 284 PTSD,260 for alcohol dependence, 327 social phobia, 255, 256 for anxiety disorders, 229, 230, 231, 242-243 for depression, 71, 72, 73, 75 benzodiazepines, 272, 273 Rifampin (Rifadin®), 122,276 for bipolar disorders, 99-100 Rimadyl®, 114 drug interactions with antidepressants, 50, 62 RIMAs: see Reversible inhibitors of monoamine geriatric patients, 369, 370, 371, 372 oxidase-A for HIV-related disorders, 462 Rimeron®: see Mirtazapine for sleep disorders, 267, 268, 270, 285 (Risperidal®), 11,161,162,165, Seizures 168,169,186,189,190,195,202,204 absence, 392 geriatric patients, 377, 383 with antidepressants, 50, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 for HIV-related disorders, 461 with antipsychotics, 167, 185--186 pediatric patients, 391, 408, 409 benzodiazepine dependence, 241 Ritalin®: see Methylphenidate with carbamazepine, 130 , 162 with clomipramine, 159, 259, 431 Robitussin® (pyrilamine), 281 drug interactions with MAOls, 74 Romazicon® (flumazenil), 241 neonate, clomipramine and, 431 , 162 Seldane®: see Terfenadine Selegiline, 37, 71, 72, 73, 75, 389 Salicylates, 283 Separation anxiety disorders, 218 Saliva substitutes, 54 Serax: see Oxazepam Savoxepine, 162 Serentil®(mesoridazine), 163, 168, 169 SCH 23390, 162 Serlect®: see SCH 39166,162 Serotonin, 5, 6, 337; see also Neurobiology Schemata, 30 Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRls), 4, Schizoaffective disorders 11,36,38,41 bupropion and, 52 adjunctive medications. 91 geriatric patients, 376 adverse effects, 43, 46, 51 lithium for, 118 antidepressants, tri- and heterocyclic, 55 Schizophrenia neurological, 49, 50 antidepressants and, 52 sexual, 55--56 depression with, 89-90 for alcohol dependence, 326--327 lithium for, 118 for anxiety disorders, 250 neurobiology, 160 generalized,261 OCD versus, 224 OCD, 224, 225, 247, 257, 258-259 pediatric patients, 393, 408 social phobia, 248, 255, 256 psychosocial treatments, 154-155 for bipolar disorders, 87, 132, 142 surgical treatment, 156 for borderline disorders, 484, 494, 496, 497 Schizotypal borderline patients, 497 depression management, 82, 84, 88, 90 School phobia, 406 drug interactions, 56 Scopolamine, 33, 276, 370 with benzodiazepines, 276 SDZ HDC 912,162 with MAOls, 75 Seasonal affective disorders, 91-92 for eating disorders, 472, 474, 475, 476, 477 Secobarbital (Seconal®), 281, 314 geriatric patients, 370, 381-382 Sedation guidelines for use, 48 with antipsychotics, 185 for HIV-related disorders, 457 depression management, 87-88 pediatric patients, 389, 400, 401, 406 INDEX 533

Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRls) (cont.) Sleep disorders/insomnia (cont.) pregnant patients, 421, 428 pediatric patients, 390, 393, 395 switching with MAOIs, 91 with substance abuse, 268, 271 Serotonin syndrome, 37, 56, 71, 91, 259, 401 cocaine, 334 Serpasi\®: see Reserpine stimulants, 269 Sertindole, 161, 162, 165, 169, 190, 197 types of, 266-268 , II, 12,38,41,49,53,55,64 Sleep disturbances, 4, 233 antidepressant drug interactions, 56, 57, 75 antidepressants and for anxiety disorders heterocyclics, 50 OeD, 247, 258 MAOIs,76 panic disorders, 246, 252 benzodiazepines and, 141 for eating disorders, 476 c10nidine and, 300 geriatric patients, 382 lithium and, 143,403 pediatric patients, 389, 400, 401, 408 pediatric patients, 412 pregnant patients, 428 withdrawal syndromes: see Withdrawal preparations and dosage, 68, 70 Sleep hygiene, 270-271, 285, 462 Serzone®: see Nefazodone Sleep log, 269 Sexual side effects Smoking/tobacco use, 197, 198 antipsychotics,191-192 geriatric patients, 370 TeAs, 55-56 and sleep disorders, 269, 271 Shift work, 269, 271 Social phobias, 4, 218, 230 Side effects: see Adverse effects; Drug interactions; antidepressants for, 42 specific agents and classes ofdrugs beta blockers for, 245-246 Sinequan®: see Doxepin clinical considerations, 255-256 Situational anxiety, 233, 251 differential diagnosis, 221 Skin drug-responsiveness of, 7 antipsychotics and, 167, 191 pediatric patients, 404 carbamazepine and, 125 SSRIs and MAOIs for, 248 lithium and, 111 treatments, 250 TeAs and, 52 Social support system: see Family and social valproate and, 120 support system Sleep apnea, 269, 284 Somatoform disorders, 218 Sleep cycle Somnambulism, 283, 284 in bipolar disorders, 141, 143,403 Sparine® (promazine), 38 in depression, 28 Spectinomycin (Trobicin®), 370 Sleep deprivation therapy, 144 SSRls: see Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibi- Sleep disorders/insomnia tors AIDS/HIV-related, 453-454, 462 Stavudine, 454 diagnosis, 268-270 Steady-state concentration, 10 drug-responsiveness of, 7 Steroids, 81, 116,379,450 drug treatment Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 404 antidepressants, 283-284 Stimulant abuse antihistamines, 281 amphetamine, 333-336 antipsychotics, 284 cocaine, 329-333 barbiturates, 281 sleep disorders with, 269 benzodiazepines, 272-278 Stimulants, 81 buspirone, 284 abuse potential, 307 chloral hydrate, 281-282 for depression, 79, 88 clonidine, 284 drug interactions with MAOIs, 74 ethchlorvynol, 282 geriatric patients, 383 over-the-counter drugs, 283 for HIV-related disorders, 455, 457 zolpidem, 278-281 pediatric patients, 386, 387, 396 general therapeutic measures, 270 pregnant patients, 422-423 geriatric patients, 380-381, 381-383 and sleep disorders, 269, 283-284 normal sleep, 266 TeA effects, 49-50 534 INDEX

STP (dimethoxy-4-methy lamphetamine), Tardive dyskinesia (cont. ) 337-338,339 geriatric patients, 369, 373 Substance abuse, 219 liability issues, 505--506 alcohol, 317-329 pediatric patients, 409 and antidepressant therapy, 91 Tardive psychosis, 159 antiparkinson drugs, 175 TCAs: see Tricyclic/heterocyclic antidepressants anxiety symptoms/disorders with, 218, 220, Tegretol®: see Carbamazepine 227,261 Temazepam, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276,277, 381 benzodiazepines, 88, 233, 307-317 abuse of, 309 buspirone effects on drug-seeking behavior, 458 for anxiety disorders, 231 CNS stimulants for HIV-related disorders, 462 amphetamines, 333--336 for sleep disorders, 285 cocaine, 329-333 Temperament, 3 depression management, 85 Temperature regulation, 161-162, 192; see also hallucinogen, 337-342 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome HIV disease, 448 with alcohol withdrawal, 324 inhalants, 343--344 antidepressant toxicity marijuana, 346--352 MAOIs, 75, 78 medications with abuse potential, 284-285 tri- and heterocyclics, 60, 61 OCD versus, 224 carbamazepine drug interactions and, 129 opioids, 293--307 Tenex® (guanfacine), 394, 399, 407 pediatric patients, 400 Tenuate® (diethylpropion), 333 phencyclidine, 342 Terfenadine, II, 12,48,56,57,370 pregnant patients, 422-423 , 162 PTSD and, 226 Terpin hydrate, 293 sleep disorders with, 268, 271 Tertiary amine antidepressants, 38 Succinimide, 128 , 184 Succinylcholine, 33, 34, 371, 375 Tetracyclic antidepressants, 38 Sucralfate, 119 Tetracycline (Surmycin®), 370 Suicide Tetrahydroaminoacridine (Tacrine®), II, 379 bipolar disorders, 101 Tetrahydrocannabinol, 346, 347-348, 349, 473 borderline disorders, 484, 493, 497 Theophylline, 11,77,114, 129 depression management, 85 Therapeutic alliance, 507, 508 fluoxetine and, 51, 52 Therapeutic dose withdrawal, 313 geriatric patients, 383 Therapeutic privilege, 503 HIV-I-associated, 448 Therapeutic waiver, 503 TCAs and, 506--507 Thermoregulation: see Neuroleptic malignant syn- Sulfinpyrazone, 122 drome; Temperature regulation Sulfonamindes, 81 Thiamine (vitamin 8,), 320, 324 Sulindac, 114 Thiazide diuretics: see Diuretics , 162, 473 Thioridazine, II, 157, 159, 163, 166, 169, 171, 188, Sundowner's syndrome, 372 189,190,195,197 Surgical treatment anticholinergic syndrome, 62 for anxiety disorders, 229, 259 geriatric patients, 368, 371, 372, 374, 376--377 for psychoses, 156 pediatric patients, 390, 408 Surmontil®: see Thiothixene, 164, 166, 169,376,391,408,493 Surmycin® (tetracycline), 370 ,4, 122, 164, 166, 169 carbamazepine interactions, 129 Tacrine® (tetrahydroaminoacridine), 11,379 pediatric patients, 391, 408, 409 Tagamet®: see Cimetidine Thorazine®: see Chlorpromazine TAO® (trolandomycin), 128,276 Thyroid function Taractan®: see Chlorprothixene lithium and, 108, 135-136,403 Tardive dyskinesia, see also Movement disor• tolerance, 45 ders; Neurological effects Thyroid hormone therapy, 45, 128 with antipsychotics, 176--185 for depression, 83, 91 INDEX 535

Thyroid hormone therapy (cont.) Triazolobenzodiazepines, 88 with lithium, 108 Triazolopyridine derivatives, 38 with MAOIs, 75 Tricyclic/heterocyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 4, pediatric patients, 400 11,25,38--69,39, 122, 128, 197 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 45, 370, 492 adverse effects, 42-57 Thyrolar®: see autonomic, 52-55 Thyrotoxicosis, 50 cardiovascular, 45-49 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 492 cutaneous, 52 Thyroxine (T., Synthroid), 45, 91 drug interactions, 56-57 Tic disorders, 225, 401, 406-408 endocrine, 45 ,ll gastric, 43-44 Tobacco: see Smoking/tobacco use hematological, 44 Tofranil®: see Imipramine hepatic, 44-45 Tolbutamide, 12, 122 neurological, 49-52 Tolectin®, 114 sexual, 55-56 Tolerance, 292-293, 310-311; see also Withdrawal weight changes, 57 alcohol exposure and, 319 for AIDS/HIV-related dementia, 456 cross-tolerance, 293, 295, 308, 319 for alcohol dependence, 326-327 reverse, 33 I for anxiety disorders, generalized, 261 Tolmetin sodium, 114 for bipolar disorders, 87, 132, 142 Tomoxetine, II combination therapy Toradol®, 114 with anti psychotics, 190 Tourette syndrome, 208, 225, 389, 390, 391, 393, caveats, 91 394,406-407 pediatric patients, 406 Toxicity: see Overdose, overdose management, toxicity drug interactions, 56-57 Tranxene®: see Chlorazepate with carbamazepine, 127, 129 Tranylcypromine, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 geriatric patients, 370 for anxiety disorders, 256 with MAO Is, 74, 75 for bipolar disorders, 87, 132 valproate, 121, 122 for borderline disorders, 494 for eating disorders, 471-272, 475, 476, 477 combination therapy caveats, 91 geriatric patients, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, geriatric patients, 382 373-374,375,381 pediatric patients, 388, 399, 40 I HIV-related disease, 456 pregnant patients, 422 liability issues, 506 stimulant effects, 88, 269 management approaches, 82, 84, 88, 90, 91 Trazodone,II,35,40,42,43,46,47,49-50,53,56, overdose, 83, 241 64,68,70 pediatric patients, 387-388, 397-399, 400, for eating disorders, 475 401,406 geriatric patients, 377, 381 pharmacology, 38--69, 70 for HIV-related disorders, 456, 458, 462 acute toxicity, 58--63 for panic disorders, 246 chemistry, 38-4 I pediatric patients, 389 mechanism of action, 41-42 preparations and dosage, 68, 70 pharmacokinetics, 63-66 sedative effects, 88, 271, 283 plasma levels, 66-67 toxicity, 61 in pregnancy and lactation, 57-58 Tremor: see Anticholinergic effects; Extrapyramidal preparations and dosage, 67-69, 70 reactions; Neurological effects pregnant patients, 57-58, 421, 428, 430 Triamterene, 114 sleep disorders, 267, 285 Triazolam, 12 switching with MAOIs, 91 abuse of, 309 , 163, 166, 169,324,376,408 for anxiety disorders, 231, 235 (Vesprin®), 163 drug interactions with antidepressants, 56 Trihexylphenidyl (Artane®), 172, 175, 378, 421 geriatric patients, 370, 380-381 Triiodothyronine (T" Thyrolar®), 45, 83, 91, 400 for sleep disorders, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, Trilafon®: see Perphenazine 285 Trimethylfentanyl (TMF), 346 536 INDEX

Trimipramine, 11,35,38,39,53,70 Vision: see Ocular side effects combination therapy, 91 Vistaril®: see Hydroxyzine geriatric patients, 371, 372 Vitamin B" 320, 324 for HIV-related disorders, 456 Vitamin B" 76, 455 Trobicin® (spectinomycin), 370 Vitamin B", 455 Troleandomycin (TAO®), 128,276 Vitamin E, 185, 455 Tromethamine, 114 Vivactil®: see Protriptyline , 22, 75, 91 Voltaren®, 114 T,: see Triiodothyronine Tybamate, 243 Warfarin, II, 12,57 Tyramine, 37, 72, 73,277 Weight gain , 72, 91 lithium and, 107, 113 TCAs and, 57 Ultradol®, 114 valproate and, 119, 120 Unisom® (doxylamine), 281, 283 Wellbutrin®: see Bupropion Urecholine®: see Bethanechol Wernicke's disease, 320 Urinary tract effects, antidepressants, 54 White blood cells: see Hematological side effects Withdrawal, 10; see also Tolerance Valium®: see Diazepam abuse and dependence disorders Valproate, 122, 128, 133, 197 alcohol, 319, 321-324 for anxiety disorders, PTSD, 260 amphetamine, 336 for bipolar disorders, 99, 104, 106 benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics, 312-317 acute manic episode, 138, 140 cocaine, 331 maintenance therapy, 143 marijuana, 346 mixed or dysphoric manias, 144 opioid, 297-30 I rapid cycling, 144 from antidepressants, 50, 51-52, 85 for borderline disorders, 495 MAO Is, 76, 77 geriatric patients, 384 pregnant patient and perinatal syndromes, 421, for HIV-related disorders, 462 428 pediatric patients, 392, 402, 403-404 TCAs,52 pharmacology, 118-122 from antipsychotics, 195 adverse reactions, 119-121 anxiety symptoms, 218, 220 drug interactions, 121, 122 benzodiazepine, 88, 230, 236--237, 239-240, 277, pharmacokinetics, I 19 381 in pregnancy, 122 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 185 preparations and dosage, 122 pediatric patients, 393 toxicity, 121 zolpidem, 279 pregnant patients, 117, 429, 432 pretreatment evaluation, 136 Xanax®: see Alprazolam Venlafaxine, II, 12,36,40,41,43,46,48,49, , 129,269 53,55,64,65,69,70,82 Xerostomia, 52-53, 54 for anxiety disorders, 248, 252 for bipolar disorders, acute depressive episode, (Yocon), 46, 55 142 depression treatment approaches, 84, 75 Zalcitabine, 454 drug interactions, 56, 57, 75 Zarontin®, 122 geriatric patients, 382 Zidovudine (ZDV®), 122,450,454,457,458 for HIV-related disorders, 457 Ziduvirine (Retrovir®), 276 pediatric patients, 389, 401 Zoloft®: see Sertraline pregnant patients, 422, 428 Zolpidem, 231, 271, 278-281, 285, 381, 462 preparations and dosage, 70 Zomax®, 114 withdrawal symptoms, 51 Zomepirac, 114 Verapamil (Calan®), II, 127, 128, 133,455 , II, 131 Vesprin® (triflupromazine), 163 Zyprexa®: see Olanzapine