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Acknowledgements United States Department of Transportation Secretary Federico F. Peña; Rodney E. Slater Deputy Secretary Mortimer L. Downey Federal Railroad Administration Administrator Jolene M. Molitoris Deputy Administrator Donald M. Itzkoff Associate Administrator for Railroad Development James T. McQueen Deputy Associate Administrator for Railroad Development Arrigo P. Mongini Study manager; general editor; principal writer Neil E. Moyer System benefits; financing; Alice M. Alexander Magnetic levitation John T. Harding contract administration James L. Milner Transportation analysis Bruce Goldberg Chapter 1; liability; State Gareth W. Rosenau Helen Ng opportunities Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Senior study advisor; Volpe Center project manager Ronald A. Mauri Travel demand forecasting Simon P. Prensky System concept definition Michael N. Coltman David M. Nienhaus Leonore I. Katz-Rhoads Sarah J. Lawrence* Robert P. Brodesky* Model implementation: Todd C. Green* Energy and emissions model Howard M. Eichenbaum* projections of operating results David L. Skinner implementation and investment needs *EG&G/Dynatrend Argonne National Laboratories Charles River Associates Energy and emissions model Donald M. Rote Demand model development Dan Brand development Zian Wang Thomas E. Parody Mark R. Kiefer DeLeuw, Cather & Co. and Associated Firms DeLeuw, Cather project manager Michael Holowaty Operating expense model Duncan W. Allen Ancillary activities model Steven A. LaRocco development Winn B. Frank development Richard L. Tower (Wilbur Eric C. MacDonald Smith) Charles H. Banks (R.L. Banks) Public benefits model design and Guillaume Shearin Liability Charles A. Spitulnik implementation Robert J. Zuelsdorf (Wilbur (Hopkins & Sutter) Smith) Kenneth G. Sislak (Wilbur Anne G. Reyner (Wilbur Smith) Smith) Jeffrey B. Allen Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. Parsons, Brinckerhoff project manager John A. Harrison System conceptual design and capital costing Kenneth B. Ullman John F. Burckardt Kenneth F. Briggs III GIS model development Steven S. Line Freight system analysis Paul H. Reistrup Stephen R. Pritchard Herbert T. Landow (Applied Geographics) Photo Credits [All photos are used by permission. Photo use does not re0present endorsement by the U.S. Department of Transportation of any particular design, product, or manufacturer.] Report Cover · RTL-2 Turboliner photo courtesy of the New York State Department of Transportation. · Maglev illustration courtesy of Florida Maglev Consortium, Inc. · American Flyer illustration courtesy of Bombardier/GEC Alsthom Consortium, Inc. · California Department of Transportation locomotive photo courtesy of Electro- Motive Division, General Motors. Section on “HSGT Technologies” in Overview Report · Metroliner photo courtesy of Amtrak, Washington, D.C. · British Intercity 225 photo courtesy of Intercity East Coast Ltd., York, England. · X-2000 tilt train photo courtesy of ABB Traction Inc., Elmira, New York. · TGV photo courtesy of Societé Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français, Paris, France. · Nozomi Shinkansen photo courtesy of Japan Railways Group, New York, New York. · Intercity Express photo courtesy of Clay Moritz, Silver Spring, Maryland. · Maglev photo courtesy of Thyssen Henschel. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND....................................................................................1-1 CHAPTER 2: HSGT IN ITS INTERMODAL CONTEXT.......................................2-1 DEFINITION OF HSGT.....................................................................................2-1 IMPETUS FOR HSGT .......................................................................................2-1 Air Transportation...................................................................................2-2 Highway Transportation..........................................................................2-6 Summary: The Intermodal Context.........................................................2-9 CHAPTER 3: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................................3-1 HSGT PROJECTION TYPES ............................................................................3-2 ANALYTICAL COMPONENTS AND THEIR USES.....................................3-3 System Requirements and Performance..................................................3-3 Comparisons of Benefits and Costs ........................................................3-5 PARTNERSHIP POTENTIAL DEFINED .........................................................3-7 ADDITIONAL MEASURES OF PARTNERSHIP POTENTIAL .....................3-8 Financial Measures..................................................................................3-9 Benefit/Cost Measures ............................................................................3-9 CASES ................................................................................................................3-9 Technologies ...........................................................................................3-9 Corridors ...............................................................................................3-13 Matrix of Cases .....................................................................................3-15 CHAPTER 4: GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS ...............................................................4-1 FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS...........................................................................4-1 NATIONAL TRENDS........................................................................................4-2 THE TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENT ..................................................4-3 Scope of Transportation .........................................................................4-3 Trends in Other Modes............................................................................4-3 HSGT System Concept Assumptions .....................................................4-6 CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY—SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE ..............................................................................................5-1 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ...............................................................................5-1 Initial Investments...................................................................................5-1 Continuing Investments .......................................................................... 5-6 Areas of Uncertainty in Capital Cost Projections ................................... 5-7 TRAVEL DEMAND AND REVENUES........................................................... 5-7 Overview................................................................................................. 5-7 Step 1: Project Existing Modes Without HSGT ..................................... 5-8 Step 2: Apply Diversion Models........................................................... 5-10 Step 3: Develop Induced Demand ........................................................ 5-11 Steps 4 and 5: Total Demand and Transportation Revenue.................. 5-12 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSES ....................................... 5-13 Maintenance of Way ............................................................................. 5-15 Maintenance of Equipment ................................................................... 5-15 Transportation....................................................................................... 5-15 Passenger Traffic and Services ............................................................. 5-16 General and Administrative Expenses .................................................. 5-17 ANCILLARY ACTIVITIES............................................................................. 5-17 Categories of Ancillary Activities......................................................... 5-18 Analytical Treatment............................................................................. 5-18 CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY— COMPARISONS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS ................................................................................................................ 6-1 TYPES OF BENEFIT/COST COMPARISONS ................................................ 6-1 “TOTAL BENEFITS” AND “OTHER IMPACTS”........................................... 6-3 USERS’ CONSUMER SURPLUS..................................................................... 6-5 BENEFITS TO THE PUBLIC AT LARGE ....................................................... 6-6 Airport Congestion Delay Savings.......................................................... 6-6 Highway Congestion Delay Savings....................................................... 6-7 Emissions Savings .................................................................................. 6-8 OTHER IMPACTS: BACKGROUND INFORMATION.................................. 6-9 Transportation Items ............................................................................... 6-9 Economic Development Items.............................................................. 6-11 Environmental/Energy Items ................................................................ 6-12 CHAPTER 7: RESULTS .............................................................................................. 7-1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE..................................... 7-1 Investment Requirements........................................................................ 7-1 Demand and Revenues............................................................................ 7-3 Operating and Maintenance Expenses .................................................