Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003
Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003
written by Ulrich Stiehl, 15-Dec-2003 Revised and enlarged 1-Feb-2004, 25-Feb-2004, and 27-Sep-2005
http://www.sanskritweb.net
See also Addendum of 11-Sep-2004, downloadable as http://www.sanskritweb.net/itrans/addendum.pdf
This documentation refers to Itranslator 2003, available as of 15-Dec-2003. Itranslator 2003 has been developed by Omkarananda Ashram Himalayas.
Any suggestions, complaints, etc. may kindly be addressed to:
Swami Satchidananda Omkarananda Ashram Himalayas Swami Omkarananda Road Muni-ki-reti (Rishikesh) Distt. Tehri Garhwal P.O. Shivanandanagar - 249 192 Uttaranchal, INDIA
or by email to: [email protected]
Please visit our website at: http://www.omkarananda-ashram.org
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 1 Contents
Revision Notes 3 0. Itranslator 99 versus Itranslator 2003 4 1. Structure and Character Set of ITX File 7 1.1. Character Set of ITX Encoding 7 1.2. Character Set of English etc. Insertions 8 2. Fundamentals of ITX Encoding Scheme 9 2.1. Simplified ITX Encoding Scheme for Classical Sanskrit 9 2.2. Complete Description of the ITX Codes with Examples 10 2.3. Text Sample: ITX – Devanagari – Transliteration 15 3. Charts of the Devanagari Font "Sanskrit 2003" 20 3.1. Unicode Range Devanagari (0900-097F) of "Sanskrit 2003" 20 3.2. Unicode Characters Not Supported by Itranslator 2003 24 3.3. Special Latin Codes and Private Use Area Codes of "Sanskrit 2003" 25 3.4. Half-Forms (Left Halves) of Consonants of "Sanskrit 2003" 26 3.5. Ligatures of "Sanskrit 2003" 28 3.6. "Sanskrit 2003" versus Other Fonts 44 3.7. Orthographic Syllables of "Sanskrit 2003" 76 4. Charts of Transliteration Font "URW Palladio ITU" 104 4.1. Mixed 8/16-bit Range 128-191 of "URW Palladio ITU" 105 5. Keyboard Entry and the INSCRIPT Keyboard Driver 107 Appendices: I. Attested Hindi Ligatures by Ernst Tremel 110 II. Typesetting of Yajurveda Texts with "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas" 131
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 2 Revisions of February 2004
The preliminary version of this Itranslator manual was published on 15th December 2003. The revision of 1st February 2004 added a very large 21-page chapter by Ernst Tremel on "Attested Hindi Ligatures" reproduced in this manual with his kind permission. It should be noted that some Hindi nasal ligatures, e.g. ञ्, could not be attested so far. Chapter 3.6 ("Sanskrit 2003" versus Other Fonts) now includes Mr. Tremel's version 2.0 of "shiDeva". The revision of 25th February 2004 added the chapter on Keyboard entry and INSCRIPT.
Heidelberg, 25th February, 2004 Ulrich Stiehl
Revisions of September 2005
This revision adds the new font "Chandas" by Mihail Bayaryn to the charts on pages 44-75 and explains the update of the font "Sanskrit 2003" (new version 1.1 of September 2005). Both fonts, "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas" (updated version 1.2 of 27th September 2005), are completely interchangeable and suited for typesetting of Yajurveda texts. For more details see below pages 131-133 on Typesetting of Yajurveda Texts with "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas". It should be noted that "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas" are worldwide the only two Devanagari fonts including all attested ligatures of Vedic and Classical Sanskrit. It was a pleasure for me to fund the Chandas font project by Mihail Bayaryn of Belarus (visit his website at http://chandas.cakram.org), and I trust that users of Itranslator 2003 will be pleased to now have a choice among two full-fledged fonts – "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas" – with complete ligature sets suitable for high-quality professional typesetting. Furthermore, the following additional large documents are available from my web subsite http://www.sanskritweb.net/sansdocs:
1. "Svara Statistics of the Taittiriya Brahmana" (tbsvaras.pdf, 207 pages, 1.2 MB)
2. "Conjunct Consonants in Sanskrit" (conjuncts.pdf, 101 pages, 5.5 MB)
Heidelberg, 27th September, 2005 Ulrich Stiehl
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 3 0. Itranslator 99 versus Itranslator 2003
1. Program Purpose The Windows programs Itranslator 99 and Itranslator 2003 serve this identical purpose: Conversion of ITX (= ITRANS) encoded files into Devanagari and/or Transliteration files (TXT, HTM, or RTF files). Therefore for the user both converter programs are exactly identical in appearance (while the internal converting routines are completely different).
Itranslator 99 appeared in October 2002 Itranslator 2003 appeared in December 2003
2. Program Compatibility Itranslator 99 (successor to Itranslator 98) Itranslator 2003 requires Windows XP or at was developed with the greatest possible least Windows 2000 with Uniscribe Library compatibility in mind. Itranslator 99 works for International Language Support, and it with almost any version of Windows (e.g. requires Uniscribe-savvy word processors Win. 95/98, Win. ME, Win. 2000, Win. XP) (e.g. Word XP and OpenOffice 1.1. Writer). and with almost any word processor, old or Older versions of Windows (e.g. Win. 98) new (e.g. Word 6.0, Word 97, Word XP etc., and older word programs (e.g. Word 97) Word Perfect, OpenOffice 1.0 Writer etc.). cannot use files created by Itranslator 2003. Itranslator 99 does not require the latest Itranslator 2003 cannot be used, unless you computer equipment. buy the most recent computer equipment.
3. Font Compatibility The Itranslator 99 fonts "Sanskrit 99" and The Itranslator 2003 fonts "Sanskrit 2003" "URW Palladio IT" (both fonts available as and "URW Palladio ITU" are available only classical TrueType and PS Type 1 fonts) as OpenType and Unicode TrueType fonts. were designed with greatest compatibility "Sanskrit 2003" needs an operating system in mind. While Itranslator 99 is a Windows supporting the OpenType font technology programs, the fonts can also be installed on (e.g. Win. XP, Win. 2000, Win. Server 2003, other and on older operating systems. but also the recent 2003 version of Linux).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 4
4. Ligatures The Itranslator 99 font "Sanskrit 99" builds The Itranslator 2003 font "Sanskrit 2003" is most ligatures by combining half-forms or the first Devanagari font in the history of even by resorting to virama-ligatures, as typography including complete ligatures of "Sanskrit 99" includes only a few dozen all attested conjunct consonants (so it is not complete ligatures (whereas "Sanskrit 2003" necessary to build ligatures by half-forms includes nearly 1000 complete ligatures), or to resort to ugly virama-ligatures). Even since "Sanskrit 99" as a font that can be used the very rarest, yet attested ligatures are even with 10-year-old versions of Windows included in "Sanskrit 2003" as complete and is technically restricted to only 224 glyphs. pre-combined glyphs. Compare these ligatures of "Sanskrit 99" ...... with these ligatures of "Sanskrit 2003".
» “ 'œ] 'œúv Œ 'œOy ¼ 'œGy 'œ¢ 'œ" 'œº 'œn 'œm
5. Encoding The Itranslator 99 font "Sanskrit 99" comes The Itranslator 2003 font "Sanskrit 2003" with its own proprietary encoding, i.e. with uses the Unicode 4.0 standard encoding, so its own codepage so that it is impossible to that it is possible to mark up a text typeset mark up a text typeset in "Sanskrit 99" with in "Sanskrit 2003" with another OpenType another Devanagari font using its own and font, e.g. "Mangal". Yet, nobody will do this necessarily different proprietary encoding. presently, as other fonts are of poor quality. (If you want to re-typeset a Sanskrit text in Look at these ugly ligatures set in "Mangal": "Sanskrit 2003" instead of "Sanskrit 99", you have to re-convert the respective ITX file ङ्क ङ् ङ्क्ष ङ्आव ङ्ख ङ्ख्य ङ्ग ङ्ग्य with Itranslator 2003.) ङ्म ङ्घ ङ्य ङ्न
6. Keyboard The non-OpenType font "Sanskrit 99" can The OpenType font "Sanskrit 2003" can be hardly be used for typing a Sanskrit text used for typing a Sanskrit text directly on directly on the keyboard, because each of the keyboard as keys (not as codes), e.g. the many half-forms and each complete with INSCRIPT (a keyboard driver), since ligature has its own keyboard code, which the codes of the hundreds of ligatures need is difficult to memorize and to enter. not (and should not) be entered directly.
E.g. for » you would have to enter the code E.g. for you would type the keys (not the 0187 as a decimal or a hexadecimal number. codes) ङ+◌+् क (for more details see below).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 5
7. Mixing of Sanskrit and English with one font Itranslator 99 does not permit of mixing Itranslator 2003 permits of mixing Sanskrit Sanskrit and English with the one font and English with the one font "Sanskrit "Sanskrit 99", because it does not contain 2003" so that it is possible to give mixed Latin characters so that you cannot give a Unicode TXT files to other persons (or to mixed TXT file to another person using a printing plants) using different operating different operating system, e.g. Unix. systems, e.g. Macintosh OS, Unix, etc.
8. File size
Itranslator 99 generates 8-bit TXT files: Itranslator 2003 generates 16-bit TXT files: "Sanskrit 99" is a "1 character = 1 byte" font. "Sanskrit 2003" is a "1 character = n bytes" E.g. » is stored in memory as 1 byte only font. E.g. (= ङ+◌्+क) is stored as 6 bytes (hex BB). Example: The entire Mahabharata, (hex 19 09 4D 09 15 09, i.e. low byte first). if converted by Itranslator 99 to a 8-bit TXT Example: The entire MBh, if converted by file encoded in "Sanskrit 99" has a file size Itranslator 2003 to a 16-bit TXT file encoded of 6,8 megabytes only. in "Sanskrit 2003", has a file size of 15,4 MB.
Note: The file size is crucial for "Word XP". While "Word 97" can import megabyte files, "Word XP" cannot import large TXT files (nor large ITX or RTF or HTML files), so that e.g. the Mahabharata, if converted by Itranslator 2003, cannot be imported by "Word XP".
9. Unicode Standard Drawbacks
The proprietary encoding of "Sanskrit 99" The Standard for Indic scripts was authored ignores the Unicode Standard. Therefore by Michael Everson, who does not speak users can typeset all that they need to type. any Indian languages. This explains why a E.g. in Marathi the ardhacandra £ is placed Unicode font strictly adhering to what was on A in words of English origin (example: authored by non-Indologist Everson does A£lkEzn! = allocation). With "Sanskrit 99", it not always allow the user to type what he is possible to type A£, (i.e. A followed by ).£ needs to type (e.g. Marathi A£ or Vedic ‡).
Note: Since "Sanskrit 2003", as its name implies, is designed for typesetting "Sanskrit" (both Classical and Vedic Sanskrit) it was decided to add a few non-Unicode PUA codes to "Sanskrit 2003" so that also Vedic texts can be typeset with "Sanskrit 2003", since the Unicode Standard as authored by Michael Everson does not allow to typeset Vedic texts. It is hoped that future versions of the Unicode Standard pertaining to Indic scripts are authored by professional Indologists or at least by those who can speak Indian languages.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 6 1. Structure and Character Set of ITX File
The ITX file is a special ANSI text file consisting of portions treated as ITX encoding, which will be converted to Devanagari or to Transliteration, and portions treated as English etc. insertions (comments, translations, etc.), which will remain as is. Example:
cNÔ> candraH ##moon## >–– Itranslator conversion ––> moon ITX English Sanskrit English
1.1. Character Set of ITX Encoding
1.1.1. Control Characters (0-31)
All characters in the range 0–31 are forbidden with the exception of CR + LF (= 13 + 10), treated as the end of a paragraph, whereby a paragraph can be of any length and hence is not restricted to a line of text as seen on the screen when word-wrapping is turned on.
CR + LF (Carriage Return + Linefeed) should always be used as a pair in this sequence. Therefore CR alone without LF or LF + CR (wrong sequence) will not work.
Usage of any other control characters (except CR + LF) provokes unpredictable results.
1.1.2. ASCII Characters (32–127)
Of the characters in the range 32–127, only those marked pink and green on the following chart will be evaluated for the conversion to Devanagari or Transliteration:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 032 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 048 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? 064 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 080 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ 096 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 112 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ DEL
Pink = letters and figures, Green = delimiters and modifiers, Yellow = unused, forbidden
The usage of the 31 yellow characters !"#$%&()*,/:;<=>?@BEFPQVWXY[]`DEL is forbidden and has unpredictable results. In addition, all characters in the 8-bit ANSI range 128-255 are strictly forbidden in ITX encoded portions, which are clean 7-bit ASCII texts.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 7 1.2. Character Set of English etc. Insertions
There are two types of insertions, and hence there are two different character sets.
1.2.1. Insertion of Single Punctuation Marks
In this case, the escape character "\" is prefixed, and one each of these marks may follow:
\! \" \$ \& \( \) \* \+ \, \- \. \/ \: \; \< \= \> \? \@ \[ \] \^ \` \| \~ which will be converted to the respective punctuation marks with "\" being stripped off:
! " $ & ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ ] ^ ` | ~
The following escape character sequences are forbidden: \' \'' \_ \# \% \\ \{ \}. Note: \' (1 apostrophe), \'' (2 apostrophes) – But: \" (quotation mark). See section 2.2.6.
1.2.2. Insertion of English etc. Passages
In this case, the English etc. passage has to be encapsulated by a pair of ## ... ##, whereby ## serves as a simple toggle switch, so you should take care to use ## ... ## always in pairs, because the insertion mode is not terminated by CR + LF and thus may be of any length.
The character set of an insertion may comprise – besides the two control codes CR + LF – all characters in the range 32-255 except these six: # % \ DEL-Code 127 { } .
1.2.3. 16-bit vs. 8-bit Text Files
Although Itranslator 2003 generates 16-bit Devangari text files (besides RTF and HTLM Devanagari files), the ITX (or ITRANS) text files you open with Itranslator must always be 8-bit ANSI files. If you enter ITX encoded Sanskrit texts with e.g. "Word XP", you have to "SAVE AS" these files as 8-bit "Windows" (=ANSI) text files, before you can open them in Itranslator. This note is important to those non-English users who do not mix ITX encoded Sanskrit texts with English translations, but instead for instance with Polish translations. This requires that the diacritics of the non-English translation be contained in the 128-255 character range. Otherwise it cannot be mixed with the ITX encoded Sanskrit text.
Note: More technical details on the structure of ITX text files and on so-called ITRANS text files (see also Avinash Chopde's website http://www.aczoom.com/itrans), on converting 8-bit encoded transliteration text files into ITX encoded text files by converter programs and on related topics are contained in the parallel file "Technical Manual of Itranslator 99", downloadable as http://www.sanskritweb.net/itrans/itmanual99.pdf
This "Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003" duplicates only those passages on ITX matters from the "Technical Manual of Itranslator 99" that are indispensable for encoding ITX files.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 8 2. Fundamentals of ITX Encoding Scheme
When you start Itranslator by clicking on the program icon, it will open up with the ITRANS Editor window (labeled "NewFile1"). You are encouraged to enter some words into this window to acquaint yourself with the encoding scheme. For instance, if you enter devanAgarI into the Editor and hit on the function key F2 or click on the Convert button, devnagrI is shown in the output window. If you hit on function key F6 (= Transliteration) and then on F2, the output window will show devanägaré in its diacritical transliteration.
2.1. Simplified ITX Encoding Scheme for Classical Sanskrit Itranslator uses the 7-bit ASCII encoding scheme ITX (acronym for Indian Text Exchange). The following chart designed for Classical Sanskrit shows Devanagari, Transliteration and – in the the green columns – ITX encoding.
A a a Aa ä A # i i $ é I
% u u ^ ü U \ å R^i § è R^I ¤ ÿ L^i
@ e e @e ai ai Aae o o AaE au au kœ k k o! kh kh g! g g "! gh gh '! ì ~N c! c ch D! ch Ch j! j j H! jh jh |! ï ~n q! ö T Q! öh Th f! ò D F! òh Dh [! ë N t!! t t w! th th d œ d d x! dh dh n! n n p! p p )œ ph ph b! b b É! bh bh m! m m y! y y rœ r r l! l l v! v v z! ç sh ;! ñ Sh s! s s h! h h ITX is "case-sensitive", e.g. > ù H < à M ~ ð .N T and t are different codes.
The green boxes show those ITX codes which are compatible with ITRANS 5.1 since 1997. To avoid confusion for beginners, only one ITX code is shown for each single character. For those who want to encode Classical Sanskrit only, no further codes need to be learnt. Itranslator supports several alternative codes, e.g. aa instead of A for encoding Aa. And it can be used not only for Classical Sanskrit, but for encoding accented Vedic Sanskrit too. With some restrictions, Itranslator can also be used for encoding those modern Indian languages which are based on the Devanagari alphabet (e.g. Hindi, Marathi, Nepali).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 9 2.2. Complete Description of the ITX Codes with Examples
(For pronunciation of Sanskrit alphabet see http://www.sanskritweb.net/deutsch/ipa_sans.pdf)
2.2.1. Sanskrit Punctuation Marks (for English Punctuation Marks see 1.2.1.)
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation - - - kuru-kShetram – k…é-]eÇm! – kuru-kñetram – Kuru-country | or . , | pR^icChAmi | ko .aham || – p&CDaim, kae =hm!. || or .. . ||1) påcchämi | ko 'ham || – I ask: Who am I? .a = ' Avagraha (apostrophe, i.e. elision of a), as above in kae =hm!
2.2.2. Sanskrit Vowels
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation a A a arthaH – AwR> – arthaù – money A, aa Aa ä AnandaH or aanandaH – AanNd> – änandaù – bliss i # i iti – #it – iti – thus I, ii $ é IkShate or iikShate – $]te – ékñate – he/she watches (present tense) u % u uDupaH – %fup> – uòupaù – boat U, uu ^ ü UcuH or uucuH – ^cu> – ücuù – they said (perfect tense) R^i, RRi \ å R^itvik or RRitvik – \iTvkœ – åtvik – priest R^I, RRI § è 1) svasR^INAm or svasRRINAm – Svs¨[am! – svasèëäm – of sisters L^i, LLi ¤ ÿ 2) kL^iptam or kLLiptam – „Ým! – kÿptam – prepared L^I, LLI ¥ ý 3) Not used in Sanskrit words e @ e ekadA – @kda – ekadä – once upon a time ai @e ai aikShata – @e]t – aikñata – he/she watched (imperfect tense) o Aae o odanaH – Aaedn> – odanaù – boiled rice au AaE au auShadham – AaE;xm! – auñadham – herbal medicine OM, AUM ` om This special ligature ` is used instead of om Aaem! or aum AaEm!
1) è never occurs at the beginning of a word. Therefore the full vowel § is never used. 2) ÿ only occurs in some forms of the root kÿp and hence the full vowel ¤ is never used. 3) ý (long version of ÿ) has been invented by ancient Sanskrit grammarians for reasons of symmetry, since the other simple vowels exist as pairs of short and long vowels.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 10 2.2.3. Sanskrit Consonants
The Devanagari consonants in column "D." are depicted without the Virama ( ! ), as the Itranslator conversion routine evaluates by itself, where to add the Virama and where not.
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation k k k kusumam – k…summ! – kusumam – flower kh o kh khalu – olu – khalu – indeed g g g gadyam – g*m! – gadyam – prose gh " gh ghoShaH – "ae;> – ghoñaù – noise ~N, N^ ' ì a~NgulI or aN^gulI – A¼‚lI – aìgulé – finger c, ch c c 1) cAraH or chAraH – car> – cäraù – spy Ch, chh D ch 1) ChAttraH or chhAttraH – DaTÇ> – chättraù – pupil j j j jihvA – ijþa – jihvä – tongue jh H jh 2) jhaTiti – Hiqit – jhaöiti – suddenly ~n, JN | ï ra~njayati or raJNjayati – rÃyit – raïjayati – he/she dyes in red T q ö kaTaH – kq> – kaöaù – straw mat Th Q öh kaNThaH – k{Q> – kaëöhaù – neck D f ò daNDaH – d{f> – daëòaù – stick Dh F òh leDhum – leFum! – leòhum – to lick (infinitive) N [ ë varNaH – v[R> – varëaù – color t t t talam – tlm! – talam – floor th w th sthAnam – Swanm! – sthänam – place d d d sarvadA – svRda – sarvadä – always dh x dh dhanam – xnm! – dhanam – wealth n n n nArI – narI – näré – woman p p p pashyati – pZyit – paçyati – he/she sees ph ) ph phalam – )lm! – phalam – fruit b b b bAlaH – bal> – bälaù – boy bh É bh bhadraM te – ÉÔ< te – bhadraà te – good luck! m m m mitram – imÇm! – mitram – friend
1) To achieve compatibility with ITRANS, encode ch for c and Ch (or chh) for D. 2) jh, regularly used in Marathi, occurs in Sanskrit only in a few onomatopoetic words.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 11 Sanskrit Consonants Continued
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation y y y yogaH – yaeg> – yogaù – Yoga r r r 1) a) rakära (r not before/after consonant): rAjA – raja – räjä – king b) repha (r before consonant): sarvam – svRm! – sarvam – all c) vattu (r after consonant): prati – àit – prati – before l l l likhati – iloit – likhati – he/she writes v, w v v vanam or wanam – vnm! – vanam – forest sh z ç shukaH – zuk> – çukaù – parrot S, Sh, shh, Z ; ñ 2) SaT or ShaT or shhaT or ZaT – ;qœ – ñaö – six s s s svapnaH – Svß> – svapnaù – sleep h h h hantA – hNta – hantä – killer
1) Note: Repha ( R ) does not exist for Unicode as a character with a Unicode code point. 2) To achieve compatibility with ITRANS, encode Sh (or shh) for ;.
2.2.4. Additional Characters for Classical and Vedic Sanskrit
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation H > ù 1) ashvaH – Añ> – açvaù – horse M, .n, .m < à 2) saMshayaH or sa.nsh... or sa.msh... – s
1) Visarga: Replacement for s or r at the end of a word or syllable as per sandhi rules. 2) Anusvara: Shortcut character for m and other nasals at the end of a word or syllable. 3) Sanskrit Anunasika: ðl. In Sanskrit texts, it is only used as sandhi, if "l" follows "n". 4) Vedic Anunasika: ð: or~ ‡. In Vedic texts often used before sibilants, semi-vowels and h. Note: ‡ is preferred, if ~ cannot be fitted on top for lack of space. Compare सव with svR‡. 5) Vedic Sanskrit: If ò is preceded and followed by a vowel, ø may be used instead of ò. 6) These are the only two ligatures that – for historial reasons – have additional ITX codes (x in addition to usual encoding kS or kSh, GY or dny in addition to usual encoding j~n).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 12 2.2.5. Additional Characters for Modern Indian Languages
ITX D. T. ITX – Devanagari –Transliteration – English Translation q ˆk q 1) qImata – ˆkImt – qémata – price K ˆo û 1) KatarA – ˆotra – ûatarä – danger G ˆg ú 1) Galata – ˆglt – úalata – wrong z, J ˆj z 1) zamIna or JamIna – ˆjmIn – zaména – earth f ˆ) f 1) sirfa – isˆ)R – sirfa – only .D –f å 2) ba.DA – b–fa – baåä – big (Same diacritic as for vowel å = \ !!!) .Dh –F åh 2) ba.DhAnA – b–Fana – baåhänä – to increase .c £ ô 3) jA.cb– ja£b – jôba – job; kA.cleja – ka£lej – kôleja – college L ¦ ø 4) kALa – ka¦ – käøa – time, Death (fig.) Do not encode "ld" !!! R • õ 5) taRhA – t•ha – taõhä – variety
1) Nukta (underdot): Used in Hindi for words of Persian and Arabic origin as well as for other foreign words to modify the original pronunciation of Devanagari characters. 2) Nukta is here used in Hindi to build diacritical Devanagari characters for retroflex flap (transliteration å) and for aspirated retroflex flap (transliteration åh). 3) Ardhacandra: Anglizising of pronunciation of vowels of English words used in Hindi. 4) Retroflex l (transliteration ø) in Marathi. Compare the letter ¦ (ø) in Vedic Sanskrit. Note: If you encode "ld", you will get Ld, used e.g. in the word "galda" (see Rig-Veda 8-1-20). 5) This so-called "eye-lash" õ-character • is used in Marathi in combination with y and h. Note: Marathi "• " does not exist for Unicode as a character with a Unicode code point.
2.2.6. Vedic Accents
Vedic accents are encoded by \' \'' \_ – single/double Udatta and Anudatta. Example:
ITX puru\'Sha e\_vedaM sarvaM\_ yadbhU\_taM yacca\_ bhavya\'m
D. पषु ॑ एवद॒ े ं सव॒ यत॒ू ं य॒ भ॑म ् T. puru×ña eÞvedaà sarvaàÞ yadbhüÞtaà yaccaÞ bhavya×m
E. The primordial being is verily all this that has been and that will be (Rig-Veda, 10-90-2)
Note: \' = \ + apostrophe (ASCII 39), \'' = \ + two apostrophes, \_ = \ + underscore
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 13 2.2.7. Figures
The Arabic figures 0123456789 are converted to the respective Indian figures 0123456789 . Decimal figures are encoded with "\," and "\.", e.g. 1\,500\.99 results in 1,500.99 (1,500.99).
2.2.8. Halant = Virama Enforcer ".h"
Itranslator automatically generates Virama ( ! ), if a consonant as final character of a word is followed by one of these delimiter codes:
Delimiter Examples CR + LF oadit )lm! consonant terminates a line of text – T: "He eats the fruit." Danda oadit )lm!, consonant is followed by single/double danda Space Aoadt! )lm! consonant is followed by space– T: "He ate the fruit." \ ik< oadit )lm!? consonant is followed by "\" + punctuation mark, e.g. \? - \g!-ved> åg-vedaù hyphen in compound as a help for Sanskrit learners
Occasionally it may be necessary to enforce the virama by inserting the code ".h", but Itranslator itself does not require the Halant code ".h", whereas in mixed Hindi-Sanskrit programs, e.g. ITRANS by Avinash Chopde, it is usually necessary to enforce virama.
Note: In Hindi, "viräm" denotes the period or full-stop, while "halant" denotes the sign " ! ". In Sanskrit, "virämaù" means sign " ! ", while "halantaù" is a consonant at the end of word.
2.2.9. The ITX Code "{}" as Diphthong-inhibitor and Ligature-inhibitor a) The ITX codes "ai" and "au" always denote the two respective Sanskrit diphthongs, and Itranslator automatically converts "au" to AaE., e.g. devau = devaE (dual). However, if you need two consecutive simple vowels for writing one of those very rare Sanskrit words such as "titäu" (sieve, ä = a-dieresis, a-trema), i.e. "tita"+ "u", you may either encode "tita{u}" or "tita{}u", both of which result in itt%, transliterated by Itranslator as "titau" (without "ä"). b) Itranslator builds ligatures automatically. If you want to prevent this to make internal half-forms visible or to build artificial ligatures, you may use {}.
Example 1: If you encode "kka", you get the real ligature , but if you encode "k{}ka", you get the half-form pseudo-ligature क. Note on Unicode: If you want to enter half-forms of ligatures directly without Itranslator, you have to insert virama and zero-width-joiner, e.g. क (0915) + ◌् (094D) + ZWJ (200D) + क (0915) = क. Example 2: If you encode "k{}sha" (instead of "ksha"), you get , irrespective of whether the toggle switch "Allow use of 'ksha' for " in the Itranslator options menue is on or off.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 14 2.3. Text Sample: ITX – Devanagari – Transliteration
bR^ihadashva uvAcha | AsIdrAjA nalo nAma vIrasenasuto balI | upapanno guNairiShTai rUpavAnashvakovidaH ||1|| बहदृ उवाच। आसीिाजा नलो नाम वीरसनसतोे ु बली। उपपो गणु िरै ै पवानकोिवदः॥१॥ båhadaçva uväca | äsédräjä nalo näma vérasenasuto balé | upapanno guëairiñöai rüpavänaçvakovidaù ||1|| atiShThanmanujendrANAM mUrdhni devapatiryathA | uparyupari sarveShAmAditya iva tejasA ||2|| अितनजाणाु े ं मिू दवपितयथा।े उपयपिरु सवषामािद इव तजसा॥े २॥ atiñöhanmanujendräëäà mürdhni devapatiryathä | uparyupari sarveñämäditya iva tejasä ||2|| brahmaNyo vedavichChUro niShadheShu mahIpatiH | akShapriyaH satyavAdI mahAnakShauhiNIpatiH ||3|| ॄयो वदिवरोे िनषधषे ुमहीपितः। अिूयः सवादी महानौिहणीपितः॥३॥ brahmaëyo vedavicchüro niñadheñu mahépatiù | akñapriyaù satyavädé mahänakñauhiëépatiù ||3||
Ipsito varanArINAmudAraH saMyatendriyaH | rakShitA dhanvinAM shreShThaH sAkShAdiva manuH svayam ||4|| ईितो वरनारीणामदारःु सयतियः।ं े रिता धिना ं ौःे साािदव मनःु यम॥् ४॥ épsito varanäréëämudäraù saàyatendriyaù | rakñitä dhanvinäà çreñöhaù säkñädiva manuù svayam ||4|| tathaivAsIdvidarbheShu bhImo bhImaparAkramaH | shUraH sarvaguNairyuktaH prajAkAmaH sa chAprajaH ||5|| तथवासीिदभषै ुभीमो भीमपराबमः। शरःू सवगण ु यःै ु ूजाकामः स चाूजः॥५॥ tathaiväsédvidarbheñu bhémo bhémaparäkramaù | çüraù sarvaguëairyuktaù prajäkämaù sa cäprajaù ||5|| sa prajArthe paraM yatnamakarotsusamAhitaH | tamabhyagachChadbrahmarShirdamano nAma bhArata ||6|| स ूजाथ परं यमकरोसमािहतः।ु तमगिषदमनो नाम भारत॥६॥ sa prajärthe paraà yatnamakarotsusamähitaù | tamabhyagacchadbrahmarñirdamano näma bhärata ||6||
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 15 taM sa bhImaH prajAkAmastoShayAmAsa dharmavit | mahiShyA saha rAjendra satkAreNa suvarchasam ||7|| त ं स भीमः ूजाकामोषयामास धमिवत। ् मिहा सह राजे सारणे सवचसम॥ु ् ७॥ taà sa bhémaù prajäkämastoñayämäsa dharmavit | mahiñyä saha räjendra satkäreëa suvarcasam ||7|| tasmai prasanno damanaH sabhAryAya varaM dadau | kanyAratnaM kumArAMshcha trInudArAnmahAyashAH ||8|| त ै ूसो दमनः सभायाय वरं ददौ। कार ं कमाराु ं ऽीनदाराहायशाः॥ु ८॥ tasmai prasanno damanaù sabhäryäya varaà dadau | kanyäratnaà kumäräàçca trénudäränmahäyaçäù ||8|| damayantIM damaM dAntaM damanaM cha suvarchasam | upapannAnguNaiH sarvairbhImAnbhImaparAkramAn ||9|| दमय दम ं दा ं दमन ं च सवचसम।ु ् उपपाणु ःै सवभीमाीमपराबमान॥ ् ९॥ damayantéà damaà däntaà damanaà ca suvarcasam | upapannänguëaiù sarvairbhémänbhémaparäkramän ||9|| damayantI tu rUpeNa tejasA yashasA shriyA | saubhAgyena cha lokeShu yashaH prApa sumadhyamA ||10|| दमयी त ु पणे तजसाे यशसा िौया। सौभाग्यने च लोकषे ुयशः ूाप सममा॥ु १०॥ damayanté tu rüpeëa tejasä yaçasä çriyä | saubhägyena ca lokeñu yaçaù präpa sumadhyamä ||10|| atha tAM vayasi prApte dAsInAM samalaMkR^itam | shataM sakhInAM cha tathA paryupAste shachImiva ||11|| अथ ता ं वयिस ूा े दासीना ं समलकतम।ं ृ ् शत ं सखीना ं च तथा पयपाु े शचीिमव॥११॥ atha täà vayasi präpte däsénäà samalaàkåtam | çataà sakhénäà ca tathä paryupäste çacémiva ||11|| tatra sma bhrAjate bhaimI sarvAbharaNabhUShitA | sakhImadhye .anavadyA~NgI vidyutsaudAminI yathA | atIva rUpasaMpannA shrIrivAyatalochanA ||12|| तऽ ॅाजत े भमीै सवाभरणभिषता। ू सखीम े ऽनवाी िवौदािमनीु यथा। अतीव पसपां ौीिरवायतलोचना॥१२॥ tatra sma bhräjate bhaimé sarväbharaëabhüñitä | sakhémadhye 'navadyäìgé vidyutsaudäminé yathä | atéva rüpasampannä çrériväyatalocanä ||12||
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 16 na deveShu na yakSheShu tAdR^igrUpavatI kvachit | mAnuSheShvapi chAnyeShu dR^iShTapUrvA na cha shrutA | chittapramAthinI bAlA devAnAmapi sundarI ||13|| न दवषे े ुन यषे ुतामपवतीू विचत।् मानषिपु े चाषे ुपवाू न च ौता।ु िचूमािथनी बाला दवानामिपे सरी॥ु १३॥ na deveñu na yakñeñu tädågrüpavaté kvacit | mänuñeñvapi cänyeñu dåñöapürvä na ca çrutä | cittapramäthiné bälä devänämapi sundaré ||13|| nalashcha narashArdUlo rUpeNApratimo bhuvi | kandarpa iva rUpeNa mUrtimAnabhavatsvayam ||14|| नल नरशालो पणाूितमोे भिव।ु कप इव पणे मितमानभवयम॥ू ् १४॥ nalaçca naraçärdülo rüpeëäpratimo bhuvi | kandarpa iva rüpeëa mürtimänabhavatsvayam ||14|| tasyAH samIpe tu nalaM prashashaMsuH kutUhalAt | naiShadhasya samIpe tu damayantIM punaH punaH ||15|| ताः समीप े त ु नलं ूशशसःं ु कतहलात।ु ू ् नषधै समीप े त ु दमय पनःु पनः॥ु १५॥ tasyäù samépe tu nalaà praçaçaàsuù kutühalät | naiñadhasya samépe tu damayantéà punaù punaù ||15|| tayoradR^iShTakAmo .abhUchChR^iNvatoH satataM guNAn | anyonyaM prati kaunteya sa vyavardhata hR^ichChayaH ||16|| तयोरकामो ऽभवतोःू सतत ं गणान।ु ् अो ं ूित कौये स वधत यः॥१६॥ tayoradåñöakämo 'bhücchåëvatoù satataà guëän | anyonyaà prati kaunteya sa vyavardhata håcchayaù ||16|| ashaknuvannalaH kAmaM tadA dhArayituM hR^idA | antaHpurasamIpasthe vana Aste rahogataH ||17|| अशनवलःु काम ं तदा धारियत ंु दा। अःपरसमीपु े वन आ े रहोगतः॥१७॥ açaknuvannalaù kämaà tadä dhärayituà hådä | antaùpurasamépasthe vana äste rahogataù ||17|| sa dadarsha tadA haMsA~njAtarUpaparichChadAn | vane vicharatAM teShAmekaM jagrAha pakShiNam ||18|| स ददश तदा हसाजातपपिरदान।ं ् वन े िवचरता ं तषामके े ं जमाह पिणम॥् १८॥ sa dadarça tadä haàsäïjätarüpaparicchadän | vane vicaratäà teñämekaà jagräha pakñiëam ||18||
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 17 tato .antarikShago vAchaM vyAjahAra tadA nalam | na hantavyo .asmi te rAjankariShyAmi hi te priyam ||19|| ततो ऽिरगो वाच ं ाजहार तदा नलम।् न हो ऽि त े राजिरािम िह त े िूयम॥् १९॥ tato 'ntarikñago väcaà vyäjahära tadä nalam | na hantavyo 'smi te räjankariñyämi hi te priyam ||19|| damayantIsakAshe tvAM kathayiShyAmi naiShadha | yathA tvadanyaM puruShaM na sA maMsyati karhichit ||20|| दमयीसकाश े ा ं कथियािम नषध।ै यथा द ं पषु ं न सा मितं किहिचत॥ ् २०॥ damayantésakäçe tväà kathayiñyämi naiñadha | yathä tvadanyaà puruñaà na sä maàsyati karhicit ||20|| evamuktastato haMsamutsasarja mahIpatiH | te tu haMsAH samutpatya vidarbhAnagamaMstataH ||21|| एवमतोु हसमसजं ु महीपितः। त े त ु हसाःं समु िवदभानगमतः॥ ं २१॥ evamuktastato haàsamutsasarja mahépatiù | te tu haàsäù samutpatya vidarbhänagamaàstataù ||21|| vidarbhanagarIM gatvA damayantyAstadAntike | nipetuste garutmantaH sA dadarshAtha tAnkhagAn ||22|| िवदभनगर गा दमयादािक।े िनपते ु े गः सा ददशाथ तागान॥् २२॥ vidarbhanagaréà gatvä damayantyästadäntike | nipetuste garutmantaù sä dadarçätha tänkhagän ||22|| sA tAnadbhutarUpAnvai dR^iShTvA sakhigaNAvR^itA | hR^iShTA grahItuM khagamAMstvaramANopachakrame ||23|| सा तानतपाु ै ा सिखगणावता।ृ ा महीत ंु खगमारमाणोपचबम॥ं े २३॥ sä tänadbhutarüpänvai dåñövä sakhigaëävåtä | håñöä grahétuà khagamäàstvaramäëopacakrame ||23|| atha haMsA visasR^ipuH sarvataH pramadAvane | ekaikashastataH kanyAstAnhaMsAnsamupAdravan ||24|| अथ हसां िवससपःृ ु सवतः ूमदावन।े एकैकशतः काासामपािवन॥ं ु ् २४॥ atha haàsä visasåpuù sarvataù pramadävane | ekaikaçastataù kanyästänhaàsänsamupädravan ||24|| damayantI tu yaM haMsaM samupAdhAvadantike | sa mAnuShIM giraM kR^itvA damayantImathAbravIt ||25|| दमयी त ु य ं हसं ं समपाधावदिक।ु े स मानषु िगरं काृ दमयीमथाॄवीत॥् २५॥ damayanté tu yaà haàsaà samupädhävadantike | sa mänuñéà giraà kåtvä damayantémathäbravét ||25||
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 18 damayanti nalo nAma niShadheShu mahIpatiH | ashvinoH sadR^isho rUpe na samAstasya mAnuShAH ||26|| दमयि नलो नाम िनषधषे ुमहीपितः। अिनोः सशो प े न समा मानषाः॥ु २६॥ damayanti nalo näma niñadheñu mahépatiù | açvinoù sadåço rüpe na samästasya mänuñäù ||26|| tasya vai yadi bhAryA tvaM bhavethA varavarNini | saphalaM te bhavejjanma rUpaM chedaM sumadhyame ||27|| त व ै यिद भाया ं भवथाे वरविणिन। सफलं त े भवजे प ं चदे ं समम॥ु े २७॥ tasya vai yadi bhäryä tvaà bhavethä varavarëini | saphalaà te bhavejjanma rüpaà cedaà sumadhyame ||27|| vayaM hi devagandharvamanuShyoragarAkShasAn | dR^iShTavanto na chAsmAbhirdR^iShTapUrvastathAvidhaH ||28|| वय ं िह दवगवमनोरगरासान।े ु ् वो न चाािभपवथािवधः॥ ू २८॥ vayaà hi devagandharvamanuñyoragaräkñasän | dåñöavanto na cäsmäbhirdåñöapürvastathävidhaù ||28|| tvaM chApi ratnaM nArINAM nareShu cha nalo varaH | vishiShTAyA vishiShTena saMgamo guNavAnbhavet ||29|| ं चािप र ं नारीणा ं नरषे ुच नलो वरः। िविशाया िविशने सगमों गणवावत॥ु े ् २९॥ tvaà cäpi ratnaà näréëäà nareñu ca nalo varaù | viçiñöäyä viçiñöena saàgamo guëavänbhavet ||29|| evamuktA tu haMsena damayantI vishAM pate | abravIttatra taM haMsaM tamapyevaM nalaM vada ||30|| एवमाु त ु हसनं े दमयी िवशा ं पत।े अॄवीऽ त ं हसं ं तमवे ं नलं वद॥३०॥ evamuktä tu haàsena damayanté viçäà pate | abravéttatra taà haàsaà tamapyevaà nalaà vada ||30|| tathetyuktvANDajaH kanyAM vaidarbhasya vishAM pate | punarAgamya niShadhAnnale sarvaM nyavedayat ||31|| तथाडजःे ु का ं वदभै िवशा ं पत।े पनरागु िनषधाले सव वदयत॥े ् ३१॥ tathetyuktväëòajaù kanyäà vaidarbhasya viçäà pate | punarägamya niñadhännale sarvaà nyavedayat ||31||
Note: The above text was drawn from the Mahabharata, 3-50-1 seq. ("Story of Nala and Damayanti")
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 19 3. Charts of the Devanagari Font "Sanskrit 2003"
The following charts systematically describe all characters of "Sanskrit 2003".
3.1. Unicode Range Devanagari (0900-097F) of "Sanskrit 2003"
(For comparison see also http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf)
Hex. Dec. Translit. ITX (=ITRANS) Name (DEV. = DEVANAGARI)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 21 स 0938 02360 sa sa DEV. LETTER SA ह 0939 02361 ha ha DEV. LETTER HA
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 22
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 23 3.2. Unicode Characters Not Supported by Itranslator 2003
For the following most marginal characters, some of which unattested or even invented by the Unicode Consortium, no ITX codes were ever defined and thus these characters cannot be automatically converted to Devanagari by Itranslator 2003. However, the font "Sanskrit 2003" includes these most marginal characters both in Devanagari and in transliteration, so that you can enter these characters manually.
Hex. Transl. Devanagari – Transliteration – Translation (Language) ऄ 0904 ă unattested by Unicode Consortium ऍ 090D ê unattested by Unicode Consortium ऎ 090E ĕ ऍिह – ĕhi – this (Medieval Hindi) ऑ 0911 ô ऑिस – ôpṭiksa – optics (Modern Marathi) ऒ 0912 ŏ ऒही – ŏhī – that (Medieval Hindi) ऩ 0929 ṉ unattested by Unicode Consortium ऱ 0931 ṟ unattested by Unicode Consortium ऴ 0934 ḻ unattested by Unicode Consortium ◌ॅ 0945 ê unattested by Unicode Consortium ◌ॆ 0946 ĕ कहउॆ – kahĕu (kahĕ:u) – said (Medieval Hindi) ◌ॉ 0949 ô कॉलजे – kôleja – college (Modern Marathi) ◌ॊ 094A ŏ सॊहाइ – sŏhāi (sŏhā:i) – pleases (Medieval Hindi) य़ 095F ẏ अषतीडयार – aṣatīẏyāra – reign (Medieval Rajasthani)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 24 3.3. Special Latin Codes and Private Use Area Codes of "Sanskrit 2003"
Hex. Dec. Description
0020 00032 Space ("borrowed" from "URW Palladio ITU") Latin 00A0 00160 No-break Space ("borrowed" from "URW Palladio ITU") Latin - 002D 00045 Hyphen ("borrowed" from "URW Palladio ITU") Latin - 00AD 00045 Soft Hyphen ("borrowed" from "URW Palladio ITU") Latin 200C 08204 Zero Width Non Joiner (ZWNJ , invisible control code) Latin 200D 08205 Zero Width Joiner (ZWJ, invisible control code) Latin ◌ 25CC 09676 Dotted Circle (fallback code for wrong letter combinations) Latin E001 57345 Candrabindu-Virama PUA ̎ E002 57346 Double Udatta (Svarita) PUA E003 57347 Visarga (as additional PUA character) PUA E004 57348 Candrabindu-Virama + Udatta (Svarita) PUA E005 57349 Candrabindu-Virama + Double Udatta (Svarita) PUA E006 57350 Candrabindu-Virama + Anudatta PUA E007 57351 Udatta (= Svarita) as floating accent PUA E008 57352 Double Udatta as floating accent PUA E009 57353 Anudatta as floating accent PUA
Note 1: The Private Use Area codes E001-E009 are required for Vedic Sanskrit only. Note 2: The Latin characters used for transliteration are not listed in the above chart.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 25 3.4. Half-Forms (Left Halves) of Consonants of "Sanskrit 2003"
Artificial and misspelt ligatures (e.g. "bmha" = ब्), for which no built-in ligatures exist, are converted by Itranslator 2003 to pseudo-ligatures with half-forms or with virama.
D. T. ITX Note त् t t{} ळ् ḻ L{} 1 k k{} थ् th th{} त ḻ (n.a.) 1, 2 ख् kh kh{} द् d d{} 1 व् v v{} ग् g g{} ध् dh dh{} ँ ś sh{} घ् gh gh{} न् n n{} ं ṣ Sh{} ङ् ṅ ~N{} 1 छ ṉ (n.a.) 2 ः s s{} च् c ch{} प् p p{} अ h h{} 1 छ् ch Ch{} 1 फ् ph ph{} ई q q{} ज् j j{} ब् b b{} उ K{} झ् jh jh{} भ् bh bh{} ऊ ġ G{} ञ् ñ ~n{} म् m m{} ए z z{} ट् ṭ T{} 1 य् y y{} औ ṛ .D{} 1 ठ् ṭh Th{} 1 र ् r r.h 1, 3 क ṛh .Dh{} 1 ड् ḍ D{} 1 ढ (ṟ) (n.a.) 2, 3 झ f f{} ढ् ḍh Dh{} 1 र् r r{} 3 ड ẏ (n.a.) 2
ṇ N{} ल् l l{}
1. These characters do not (and cannot) have left half-forms, because they lack the right vertical stem. Therefore the full forms of these characters are displayed with virama. 2. For these characters, ITX codes are not available (n.a.). Hence you have to enter these Devanagari half-forms directly in your word processor without Itranslator. Example छ : Entering the sequence ऩ (0929) + ◌् (094D) + ZWJ (200D) results in the half-form छ . 3. These r-characters require special treatment: (1a) If you enter "र (0930) + virama (094D) +" ZWNJ (200C) in your word program, you get र ्as a substitute for the non-available half-form of र. (1b) As ITX code you have to enter "r.h". (2a) If you enter "ऱ (0931 = r with nukta) + virama (094D) + ZWJ (200D), you get ढ (Marathi "eye-lash" half-form of र). (2b) No ITX code is available in this special case. (3a) If you enter "र (0930 = r without nukta) + virama (094D) + ZWJ (200D), you will also get र् (Marathi "eye-lash" half-form of र). (3b) The ITX code is r{} in this case.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 26 3.4.1. Half-Ligature Forms
"Sanskrit 2003" contains many half-ligature forms, e.g. etc. However, more than 50 half-ligature forms ending in "r", e.g. kr, khr, gr, ghr, ìr, cr, chr, jr, jhr, ïr etc., cannot be typeset due to Everson etc. who discarded the proposals of the "Indian niggers", see http://www.sanskritweb.net/sansdocs/tbsvaras.pdf
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 27 3.5. Ligatures of "Sanskrit 2003"
"Sanskrit 2003" contains all ligatures described and statistically evaluated by Ulrich Stiehl in his book "Konsonantenverbindungen in Sanskrit" (= "Conjunct consonants in Sanskrit"). "Sanskrit 2003" is a scholarly font containing only ligatures based on conjunct consonants attested by quotations from the original texts of the Vedic and Classical Sanskrit literature. Furthermore the font contains attested ligatures occurring only in Pali, Hindi, Marathi. The following works were completely evaluated for conjunct consonants. "Sanskrit 2003" includes all ligatures that would be required for typesetting all these works:
Abbreviations of Works ABh Äyabhaöéya (with Bhäskara commentary) ABr Aitareya-Brähmaëa AHS Añöäìga-Hådaya-Saàhitä (Vägbhaöa) AS Ästamba-Çrautasütra AV Atharva-Veda BhP Bhägavata-Puräëa BKS Båhat-Katha-Çloka-Saàgraha BrP Brahma-Puräëa BS Baudhäyana-Çrautasütra BuC Buddha-Carita (Açvaghoña) Hito Hitopadeça HYP Haöha-Yoga-Pradépikä KA Kauöiléya-Arthaçästra KS Kämasütra MBh Mahäbhärata (BORI edition as statistical reference) = 158,484 lines (= half-verses) MS Manu-Småti MW Monier-Williams Dictionary (checked against Boehtlingk's two Petersburg dictionaries) RAM Rämäyaëa RV Rig-Veda SBh Çaàkara-Bhagavadgétä-Bhäñya SBr Çatapatha-Brähmaëa SK Sanskrit-Kompendium by U.Stiehl Var Various: Kathäsaritsägara, Meghadüta, Mahäsubhäñitasaàgraha (by L. Sternbach), etc. VDh Viñëudharma YV Yajur-Veda Other Abbreviations Pali Pali conjunct consonants not occurring in Sanskrit Hin. Hindi conjunct consonants not occurring in Sanskrit * see note in "Konsonantenverbindungen in Sanskrit"
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 28
kk 0.070% MBh ल kl 0.391% MBh kkr 0.004% MBh kly 0.001% VDh kkl 0.001% BKS व kv 0.300% MBh kkv 0.001% BhP kç 0.043% MBh kkñ 0.009% MBh म kçm 0.001% BhP kkh 0.001% MBh kçr 0.002% MBh kc 0.064% MBh kçl 0.001% BhP kch 0.001% MBh kçv 0.001% MBh kö 0.004% Hin. kñ 9.976% MBh kë 0.011% RV kñë 0.305% MBh kt 4.850% MBh kñëy 0.003% MBh kty 0.162% MBh kñm 0.247% MBh ktr 0.118% MBh kñmy 0.026% MBh ktry 0.001% MS kñy 1.476% MBh ktv 0.687% MBh ॒ kñr 0.001% BhP ktvy 0.001% RV kñv 0.176% MBh kth 0.013% MBh स ks 0.069% MBh kthn 0.004% AHS kst 0.001% BrP kthy 0.001% MBh kstr 0.001% MBh न kn 0.102% MBh ksth 0.001% MBh kny 0.002% BrP ksn 0.001% MBh प kp 0.088% MBh ksp 0.001% MBh kpr 0.037% MBh ksph 0.001% BhP kpl 0.001% BhP ksm 0.001% MW फ kph 0.001% MBh ksy 0.001% MBh म km 0.140% MBh ksr 0.004% MBh kmy 0.008% RV ksv 0.002% MBh य ky 1.308% MBh ख khkh 0.001% RV* ब kr 5.207% MBh (t=KHt) 0.025% Hin. kry 0.001% RV न khn 0.001% MBh*
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 29 य khy 1.307% MBh ग्म gm 0.364% MBh व khv 0.001% RV ग् gmy 0.004% RV उव (v=KHv) 0.003% Hin. ग्य gy 0.191% MBh ग्ग gg 0.025% MBh म gr 2.453% MBh ग्म ggr 0.001% BrP gry 0.150% MBh ग्घ ggh 0.006% MBh grv 0.001% AHS ग्य gghy 0.007% SBr ग्ल gl 0.052% MBh ग्य gghr 0.001% MBh ग्व gv 0.126% MBh ग्ज gj 0.025% MBh ग् gvy 0.004% MBh ग्ज्ञ gjï 0.003% MBh ग्ो gvr 0.001% MBh ग्य gjy 0.030% MBh न ghn 0.545% MBh ग्व gjv 0.001% MBh ghny 0.007% MBh ग्ड gò 0.001% MW म ghm 0.001% RV ग्ण gë 0.020% MBh य ghy 0.007% MBh ग्द gd 0.034% MBh य ghr 0.743% MBh ग् gdy 0.001% MS ghry 0.001% MBh ग्ि gdr 0.004% BhP व ghv 0.016% MBh ग् gdv 0.007% MBh ghvy 0.001% ABh ग् gdvy 0.001% BrP ìk 0.505% MBh ग्ध gdh 0.249% MBh ìkt 0.091% MBh ग् gdhy 0.004% RV ìkty 0.006% MBh ग्ी gdhr 0.009% MBh ìktr 0.001% YV ग् gdhry 0.001% Var ìktv 0.004% MBh ग् gdhv 0.018% MBh ìkth 0.001% BhP न gn 1.290% MBh ìky 0.005% MBh gny 0.081% MBh ìkr 0.006% MBh ग्ब gb 0.023% MBh ìkl 0.003% BhP ग्ॄ gbr 0.003% MBh ìkv 0.009% ABh भ gbh 0.101% MBh ìkñ 0.195% MBh gbhy 0.018% MBh ìkñë 0.001% Var gbhr 0.002% MBh ìkñm 0.001% BhP
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 30 ìkñy 0.008% MBh भ ìbh 0.001% SBr ìkñv 0.025% MBh ìm 0.137% MBh ìks 0.001% SBr* य ìy 0.001% RV ìkh 0.330% MBh र ìr 0.002% SBr ìkhy 0.052% BhP व ìv 0.004% SBr ìg 2.091% MBh ìvy 0.001% RV ìgdh 0.001% RV ìvr 0.001% AV ìgdhy 0.001% SBr श ìç 0.001% MW ìgdhv 0.003% RV स ìs 0.001% RV ìgy 0.018% MBh ìsv 0.001% RV ìgr 0.019% BhP ह ìh 0.001% AV ìgv 0.001% MBh cc 1.716% MBh ìgh 0.038% MBh ccy 0.022% MBh ìghn 0.001% RV cch 4.297% MBh ìghy 0.001% MBh cchm 0.001% MBh ìghr 0.109% BhP cchy 0.011% MBh ìghry 0.010% BhP cchr 0.535% MBh ङ ìì 0.009% RV cchl 0.001% MBh च ìc 0.001% SBr cchv 0.033% MBh ज ìj 0.001% AV ञ cï 0.002% MBh त ìt 0.003% SBr cïy 0.001% BhP ìtr 0.001% RV म cm 0.001% MBh ìtv 0.001% AV य cy 1.111% MBh द ìd 0.001% SBr ऱ cr 0.001% RV* ध ìdh 0.003% RV* व cv 0.001% MW ìdhy 0.001% RV* य chy 0.001% AV ìn 0.030% MBh ज jj 0.584% MBh ìny 0.001% RV jjï 0.061% MBh ìnr 0.001% BhP jjy 0.017% MBh प ìp 0.001% AV jjv 0.033% MBh ìpr 0.001% SBr झ jjh 0.004% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 31 jjhy 0.001% KA ïçy 0.001% MBh ज्ञ jï 4.640% MBh ïçr 0.073% MBh jïy 0.002% BhP ïçl 0.008% MBh jïv 0.001% RV ïçv 0.018% MBh म jm 0.061% RV ह ïh 0.002% Pali jmy 0.001% AS क ök 0.030% MBh य jy 1.937% MBh ökr 0.001% MBh ळ jr 0.329% MBh ökñ 0.003% MBh jry 0.002% RV ख ökh 0.001% BrP व jv 0.435% MBh च öc 0.007% MBh jvy 0.001% AHS छ öch 0.001% MBh झ jhjh 0.001% MW* ट öö 0.091% MBh च ïc 1.779% MBh ööy 0.001% BKS ïcm 0.003% SK ठ ööh 0.335% Pali ïcy 0.002% MBh ण öë 0.001% SBr* ïcv 0.003% Hito त öt 0.007% MBh छ ïch 0.044% MBh ötr 0.005% MBh ïchn 0.001% RV ötv 0.001% BrP ïchy 0.001% MW प öp 0.015% MBh ïchr 0.002% MBh öpr 0.003% MBh ïchl 0.001% RV फ öph 0.001% MW ïchv 0.003% BhP म öm 0.001% AV ज ïj 1.057% MBh य öy 0.037% MBh ïjï 0.021% MBh श ör 0.007% Hin. ïjm 0.002% MBh व öv 0.005% MBh ïjy 0.010% MBh श öç 0.014% MBh ïjv 0.006% MBh öçr 0.001% MBh झ ïjh 0.001% MBh öçl 0.001% BhP ञ ïï 0.174% Pali ष öñ 0.001% MBh श ïç 0.528% MBh स ös 0.032% MBh ïçm 0.001% MBh öst 0.001% MW
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 32 östh 0.001% BhP òvy 0.001% BrP ösn 0.001% BhP (ḻh=òh) 0.109% RV ösp 0.001% BuC ढ òhòh 0.003% Hin. ösv 0.003% MBh य òhy 0.043% MBh ठ öhöh 0.044% Hin. ह òhr 0.003% MBh य öhy 0.013% MBh व òhv 0.011% RV ग òg 0.167% MBh ट ëö 0.068% MBh ògy 0.001% MW* य ëöy 0.001% MW ògr 0.008% AHS ठ ëöh 0.095% MBh घ ògh 0.001% BhP य ëöhy 0.003% MBh òghr 0.001% MS ड ëò 4.570% MBh ज òj 0.004% MBh ढ ëòòh 0.003% AV òjï 0.001% MBh य ëòy 0.045% MBh òjy 0.003% SBr स ëòr 0.018% MBh ड òò 0.002% MBh व ëòv 0.003% BS ढ òòh 0.006% RV ढ ëòh 0.011% MBh òòhy 0.001% RV य ëòhy 0.001% AHS òòhv 0.001% MBh ह ëòhr 0.001% HYP द òd 0.002% MBh ण ëë 0.077% MBh òdv 0.001% BhP न ën 0.003% MBh ध òdh 0.001% MBh म ëm 0.050% MBh ब òb 0.001% MBh य ëy 1.523% MBh òbr 0.001% MBh व ëv 0.137% MBh भ òbh 0.049% MBh ëvy 0.002% RV òbhy 0.001% MBh ह ëh 0.064% Pali òbhr 0.001% MBh tk 1.883% MBh म òm 0.001% BrP tky 0.001% MW य òy 0.097% MBh tkr 0.135% MBh स òr 0.018% MBh tkl 0.006% MBh ल òl 0.001% BhP tkv 0.018% MBh व òv 0.037% MBh tkñ 0.166% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 33 tkñm 0.001% MBh ts 3.350% MBh tkñv 0.001% RAM tsk 0.009% MBh tkh 0.025% MBh tskh 0.001% MBh tkhy 0.006% MBh tst 0.017% MBh tt 7.464% MBh tstr 0.016% MBh ttn 0.001% MW* tsth 0.072% MBh ttm 0.001% AS tsthy 0.001% MW tty 0.081% MBh tsn 0.217% MBh ttr 0.099% MBh tsp 0.009% MBh ttry 0.003% MBh tspr 0.001% SBr ttv 1.339% MBh tsph 0.005% MBh tts 0.002% RV tsphy 0.001% SBr tth 0.536% MBh tsm 0.033% MBh tthy 0.001% AS tsy 0.529% MBh tn 0.625% MBh tsr 0.016% MBh tny 0.038% MBh tsv 0.191% MBh tnv 0.003% RV thn 0.011% MBh tp 1.918% MBh thny 0.001% MW* tpr 0.910% MBh thy 0.363% MBh tpl 0.003% MBh ा thr 0.001% RV tph 0.071% MBh thv 0.018% MBh tm 4.163% MBh thvy 0.009% MBh tmy 0.052% MBh dg 0.483% MBh ty 9.763% MBh dgr 0.018% MBh tyv 0.001% MW dgl 0.003% MBh ऽ tr 14.060% MBh dgh 0.061% MBh try 0.158% MBh dghn 0.001% MBh trv 0.001% MBh dghr 0.001% MBh tv 8.125% MBh dd 0.868% MBh tvy 0.015% RV ddy 0.025% MBh tñ 0.006% MBh ddr 0.109% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 34 ddv 0.119% MBh dhvr 0.001% MW* ddvy 0.001% BhP nk 0.806% MBh ddh 6.155% MBh nkr 0.066% MBh ddhm 0.001% SBr nkl 0.013% MBh ddhy 0.217% MBh nkv 0.011% MBh ddhr 0.017% MBh nkñ 0.112% MBh ddhv 0.215% MBh nkh 0.025% MBh dn 0.037% MBh nkhy 0.002% MBh db 0.418% MBh ng 0.304% MBh dbr 0.277% MBh ngr 0.013% MBh dbh 1.687% MBh ngl 0.003% MBh dbhy 0.071% MBh ngh 0.043% MBh dbhr 0.057% MBh nghn 0.007% MBh dbhv 0.001% AV nghr 0.001% MBh dm 0.263% MBh nö 0.006% Hin. dmy 0.002% MBh nò 0.003% Hin. dy 5.591% MBh nt 12.919% MBh ि dr 5.763% MBh ntt 0.003% MW dry 0.016% MBh nttv 0.003% SBr drv 0.002% MBh ntth 0.001% SK dv 5.162% MBh ntm 0.003% RV dvy 0.115% MBh nty 0.820% MBh dvr 0.020% MBh ntr 0.536% MBh dhn 0.033% MBh ntry 0.088% MBh dhny 0.003% MBh ntv 0.144% MBh dhm 0.066% MBh ntvy 0.007% MBh dhy 2.680% MBh nts 0.206% SBr* ी dhr 0.335% MBh ntst 0.009% SBr* dhry 0.003% MBh ntsth 0.001% SBr* dhv 0.897% MBh ntsn 0.001% SBr* dhvy 0.004% MBh ntsp 0.001% SBr*
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 35 ntsy 0.023% SBr nbh 0.493% MBh ntsr 0.003% SBr* nbhr 0.054% MBh ntsv 0.018% SBr* nm 2.803% MBh nth 0.133% MBh nmy 0.005% MBh nthy 0.003% AS nmr 0.001% MBh nd 2.632% MBh nml 0.006% MBh nddh 0.002% MBh ny 7.223% MBh nddhy 0.001% BS nyv 0.001% BhP nddhv 0.006% SK ु nr 0.539% MBh ndm 0.002% SK nv 2.650% MBh ndy 0.095% MBh nvy 0.089% MBh ndr 2.427% MBh nvr 0.011% MBh ndry 0.001% MBh nñ 0.009% MBh ndv 0.085% MBh ns 1.767% MBh ndvy 0.001% BhP nsk 0.001% MBh ndh 2.396% MBh nskh 0.001% BhP ndhm 0.001% BhP nst 0.007% MBh ndhy 0.067% MBh nstr 0.012% MBh ndhr 0.046% MBh nsth 0.038% MBh ndhry 0.008% MBh nsn 0.005% MBh ndhv 0.011% MBh nsp 0.007% MBh nn 5.086% MBh nsph 0.001% MBh nny 0.027% MBh nsphy 0.001% AS nnv 0.025% SBr nsm 0.017% MBh np 1.195% MBh nsy 0.009% MBh npr 0.714% MBh nsr 0.003% MBh npl 0.003% MBh nsv 0.103% MBh nps 0.001% AV nh 0.345% MBh nph 0.014% MBh nhy 0.004% MBh nb 0.319% MBh nhr 0.006% MBh nbr 0.120% MBh nhv 0.001% AS
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 36 pk 0.002% MW (ft=PHt) 0.013% Hin. pkñ 0.001% BhP ६ (fr=PHr) 0.006% Hin. pkh 0.001% BhP bg 0.001% MW pc 0.001% MS bgr 0.001% SBr pch 0.008% BS bj 0.014% MBh pö 0.001% MW* bjy 0.002% BS pë 0.004% RV bt 0.007% Hin. pt 2.664% MBh bd 0.460% MBh pty 0.012% MBh bdy 0.003% MBh ptr 0.005% MBh bdh 0.464% MBh ptry 0.001% AS bdhy 0.001% SBh ptv 0.035% MBh bdhv 0.095% MBh pn 0.608% MBh bb 0.002% MBh pny 0.005% RV bbr 0.001% SBr pp 0.006% MBh bbh 0.006% MBh ppr 0.001% BS bbhy 0.003% SBr pph 0.002% AHS by 0.030% MBh pm 0.055% MBh ॄ br 4.583% MBh py 2.285% MBh bl 0.001% Var ू pr 21.172% MBh bv 0.031% SBr pry 0.001% RV bvy 0.001% BhP pl 0.300% MBh bhë 0.017% RV pv 0.005% RV bhn 0.013% RV pç 0.002% MBh bhm 0.002% RV pçy 0.001% RV bhy 3.240% MBh ps 0.523% MBh ॅ bhr 1.242% MBh psn 0.001% YV* bhry 0.004% SBr psny 0.003% RV bhrv 0.001% MBh psy 0.235% MBh bhl 0.001% YV* psv 0.004% MBh bhv 0.055% RV (fö=PHö) 0.002% Hin. bhvy 0.001% BhP
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 37 më 0.021% MBh rkc 0.001% AS md 0.006% Hin. rkt 0.001% RV mn 0.542% MBh rkth 0.001% BhP mny 0.001% MBh प rkp 0.001% SBr mp 0.245% MBh य rky 0.003% MBh mpy 0.007% MBh rkñ 0.011% MBh mpr 0.001% MBh rkñë 0.001% MW mpl 0.008% MW rkñy 0.024% MBh mps 0.001% MW स rks 0.001% YV mph 0.002% Var rksv 0.001% SBr mb 0.755% MBh ख rkh 0.020% MBh mby 0.014% MBh य rkhy 0.006% MBh mbr 0.001% MW ग rg 1.698% MBh mbv 0.001% MBh ग्ग rgg 0.001% SBr mbh 0.483% MBh ग्घ rggh 0.001% SBr mbhy 0.002% MBh ग्ज rgj 0.001% SBr mbhr 0.009% MW भ rgbh 0.003% SBr mm 0.001% MBh ग्य rgy 0.023% MBh mmy 0.001% MW* म rgr 0.030% MBh mmr 0.001% MW ग्ल rgl 0.001% MBh mml 0.001% MW ग्व rgv 0.001% BhP my 2.118% MBh घ rgh 0.379% MBh ॆ mr 0.129% MBh न rghn 0.003% MBh mry 0.002% SBr य rghy 0.035% MBh ml 0.059% MBh य rghr 0.001% MBh mv 0.001% MBh rìkh 0.001% MW* mh 0.015% Pali rìg 0.030% MBh yy 0.200% MBh rìgy 0.001% MBh yv 0.017% MBh च rc 0.365% MBh yh 0.047% Pali rcch 0.026% MBh क rk 0.321% MBh य rcy 0.038% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 38 छ rch 0.081% MBh rtsny 0.032% MBh ज rj 2.240% MBh rtsy 0.006% MBh ज्ञ rjï 0.028% MBh थ rth 4.883% MBh म rjm 0.001% RV rthy 0.032% MBh rjmy 0.001% BhP द rd 1.873% MBh य rjy 0.050% MBh rddh 0.017% MBh व rjv 0.020% MBh rddhy 0.001% MBh झ rjh 0.013% MBh rdm 0.004% MW ज rïj 0.002% SBr rdy 0.035% MBh ट rö 0.001% Var ि rdr 0.132% MBh ड rò 0.009% RV rdry 0.001% MW य ròy 0.001% MW* rdv 0.142% MBh ढ ròh 0.002% BS rdvy 0.001% SBr य ròhy 0.002% BS ध rdh 1.434% MBh ण rë 3.357% MBh rdhn 0.062% MBh ण rëë 0.004% MW* rdhny 0.008% MBh य rëy 0.047% MBh rdhm 0.015% AHS व rëv 0.003% RV rdhy 0.021% MBh त rt 4.314% MBh ी rdhr 0.031% MBh rtt 0.033% MBh rdhv 0.185% MBh rttr 0.001% BKS* न rn 1.118% MBh rtn 0.002% RV rny 0.023% MBh rtny 0.002% SBr rnv 0.001% RV rtm 0.040% MBh प rp 0.532% MBh rty 0.182% MBh rpy 0.009% MBh ऽ rtr 0.021% MBh फ rph 0.003% RV rtry 0.001% YV फ़ (rf=rPH) 0.016% Hin. rtv 0.023% MBh ब rb 0.731% MBh rtvy 0.001% MW* ॄ rbr 0.112% MBh rts 0.017% MBh भ rbh 1.285% MBh rtsn 0.002% MW rbhy 0.033% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 39 ॅ rbhr 0.042% MBh ह rh 1.688% MBh rbhv 0.001% MBh rhy 0.018% MBh म rm 9.114% MBh ॑ rhr 0.019% MBh rmy 0.080% MBh rhl 0.001% MBh ॆ rmr 0.001% MBh rhv 0.002% SBr rml 0.002% MBh lk 0.117% MBh य ry 6.633% MBh lky 0.097% SBr ryy 0.001% SBr lg 0.232% MBh र rr 0.027% Hin. lgv 0.001% RV ल rl 0.225% MBh lgvy 0.001% BhP व rv 11.898% MBh lö 0.015% Hin. rvy 0.146% MBh lt 0.006% Hin. ो rvr 0.013% MBh ld 0.001% RV* rvl 0.001% AS lp 0.754% MBh श rç 1.443% MBh lpy 0.013% MBh ँम rçm 0.001% YV lph 0.002% MBh ँय rçy 0.011% MBh lb 0.095% MBh rçv 0.103% MBh lby 0.001% MW rçvy 0.001% MW lbh 0.009% MBh ष rñ 4.117% MBh lbhy 0.006% MBh rñö 0.025% MBh lm 0.145% MBh rñöy 0.001% RAM ly 1.178% MBh rñöh 0.001% MW ll 0.563% MBh rñë 0.174% MBh lly 0.001% MBh rñëy 0.003% MBh lv 0.145% MBh rñm 0.009% MBh lvy 0.001% MW rñy 0.026% MBh lç 0.003% RV rñv 0.004% MBh lh 0.001% SBr स rs 0.001% RV* lhy 0.001% ABr ॐ rsr 0.003% RV* vë 0.001% MBh rsv 0.001% YV vn 0.013% RV
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 40 vny 0.001% RV ñö 4.855% MBh vy 6.095% MBh ñöy 0.237% MBh ो vr 1.172% MBh ñör 1.252% MBh vl 0.002% RV ñöry 0.001% BrP vv 0.003% Hin. ñöv 1.405% MBh vh 0.011% Pali ñöh 4.521% MBh ँक çk 0.006% Hin. ñöhy 0.015% MBh çc 12.999% MBh ñöhv 0.002% BhP çcy 0.044% MBh ñë 1.793% MBh ँछ çch 0.187% MBh ñëy 0.047% MBh ँत çt 0.037% Hin. ñëv 0.001% MBh çn 0.297% MBh ñp 0.451% MBh çny 0.002% RV ñpy 0.004% AHS ँप çp 0.026% RV ñpr 0.073% MBh ँम çm 0.380% MBh ñpl 0.001% BhP ँ çmy 0.007% MBh ñph 0.011% MBh ँय çy 3.276% MBh ñm 1.504% MBh ौ çr 5.604% MBh ñmy 0.004% RV çry 0.001% SBr ñy 3.440% MBh çrv 0.003% MBh ् ñr 0.001% RV* çl 0.204% MBh ñv 1.145% MBh çv 3.454% MBh ññ 0.008% RV* çvy 0.032% RV sk 0.713% MBh ँश çç 0.001% ABr* skr 0.002% MBh ñk 0.576% MBh skh 0.011% MBh ñky 0.002% MBh sö 0.013% Hin. ñkr 0.060% MBh sör 0.006% Hin. ñkl 0.001% MW st 13.762% MBh ñkv 0.001% MW stm 0.004% RV ñkñ 0.001% MBh* sty 0.332% MBh ñkh 0.001% Var str 2.764% MBh
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 41 stry 0.020% MBh sry 0.001% BrP stv 1.339% MBh sl 0.003% Hin. sts 0.001% MBh sv 4.801% MBh sth 3.492% MBh svy 0.003% BhP sthn 0.003% BrP ss 0.006% MBh sthny 0.003% AHS ssy 0.001% BhP sthy 0.030% MBh ssv 0.016% MBh sn 0.432% MBh hë 0.273% MBh sny 0.001% RV* hn 0.201% MBh sp 1.003% MBh hny 0.001% MBh spr 0.013% MBh hm 2.980% MBh sph 0.145% MBh hmy 0.008% MBh sphy 0.001% MBh hy 2.118% MBh sb 0.002% Hin. ॑ hr 0.341% MBh sm 4.964% MBh hl 0.134% MBh smy 0.055% MBh hv 0.420% MBh sy 13.483% MBh hvy 0.007% MBh ॐ sr 1.481% MBh
Note: The frequency percentages always refer to the primary source in column 4. Example: "tny" occurs in 61 lines (= half-verses) of the MBh (absolute frequency). Since the MBh contains 158,484 lines (= half-verses), the relative frequency is 61 / 156484 * 100 = 0.038%.
1.000% denotes that the conjunct consonant occurs in 1 out of 100 lines of text 0.100% denotes that the conjunct consonant occurs in 1 out of 1000 lines of text 0.010% denotes that the conjunct consonant occurs in 1 out of 10000 lines of text 0.001% denotes that the conjunct consonant occurs in 1 out of 100000 lines of text
A line is usually a (16-syllable çloka) half-verse. In prose works, a line is a prose text line.
(For more details, for absolute frequencies and for quotations from the original works attesting the conjunct consonants see my book "Konsonantenverbindungen in Sanskrit".)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 42 3.5.1. Consonant-Vowel-Ligatures of "Sanskrit 2003"
The font "Sanskrit 2003" internally contains dozens of consonant-vowel-ligatures, each one consisting of a consonant fused with a vowel matra, especially with matras u/ū and ṛ/ṝ; "fused" means that the matra does not "float" below (or above) the respective consonant, but that it is inseparably united with the consonant. This can be seen best by viewing consonant-vowel-ligatures in large point sizes. Examples:
mdu, mdū, mdṛ, mdṝ As the consonant-vowel-ligatures are built automatically no complete list of them is given.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 43 3.6. "Sanskrit 2003" versus Other Fonts
3.6.1. Simple Characters
Sanskrit Mangal Arial MS shiDeva DVBOT Code Jana Chandas Hex. Translit. 2003 Unicode (v. 2.0) Surekh 2000 Sanskrit 0900 ------
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 47 3.6.2. Ligatures
Sanskrit Mangal Arial MS shiDeva DVBOT Code Jana Chandas 2003 Unicode (v. 2.0) Surekh 2000 Sanskrit
क्क kk क्क क्ब क् र् क्ब kkr क्ब क्क्ल क्क्ल क् ्ल क्क्ल kkl क्क्ल क्क्व क् क् ्व क् kkv क्क्व क्क्ष क्क्ष क्क्ष ्ष क्क्ष kkñ क्क्ष क्ख क्ख क्ख ख क्ख kkh क्ख ख क्च क्च क्च च क्च kc क्च क्छ क्छ क्छ छ क्छ kch क्छ छ क्ट क्ट क्ट ट क्ट kö क्ट ट क्ण क्ण क्ण ण क्ण kë क्ण ण kt क्त्य क्त्य क्त्य ्य क्त्य kty क्त्य क्ऽ क् र् क्ऽ ktr क्ऽ क् य क् य क् य ्य क् य ktry क् य क्त्व क्त्व क्त्व ्व ktv क्त्व क्त्व्य क्त् क्त् य ्य ktvy क्त् क्थ क्थ क्थ थ क्थ kth क्थ थ क्थ्न क्थ्न क् न क् kthn क्थ्न क्थ्य क्थ्य क्थ्य य क्थ्य kthy क्थ्य य न क्न न kn क्न क्न्य क्न्य य य क्न्य kny क्न्य प क्प क्प क्प प क्प kp क्प प क्ू क् क् क्ू kpr क्ू क्प्ल क्प्ल क् ल क्प्ल kpl क्प्ल फ क्फ क्फ क्फ फ क्फ kph क्फ फ म क्म क्म क्म म km क्म क्म्य क्म्य क् य य क्म्य kmy क्म्य य य क्य क्य क्य य ky क्य U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 48 ब ब ब kr ब य य य य य kry य ल क्ल क्ल ल क्ल kl क्ल क्ल्य क्ल्य क् य य क्ल्य kly क्ल्य व क्व kv क्व क्श क्श क्श श क्श kç क्श श म क्ँम क्श्म क् म म क्ँम kçm क्ँम म क्ौ क् क् क्ौ kçr क्ौ क् क् क् ल क्ँल kçl क् क् क् क् क् kçv क् क्ष क्ष क्ष क्ष kñ क्ष क्ष आण ण ण ण आण kñë आण ण आण्य ण्य ण्य य आण्य kñëy आण्य ण्य आम म म म आम kñm आम म आम्य म्य य य आम्य kñmy आम्य य आय य य य आय kñy आय य ॒ ॒ क्षर् ॒ kñr ॒ आव व व व आव kñv आव व स क्स क्स क्स स क्स ks क्स स क्ःत क्स्त क् त त क्ःत kst क्ःत त क् क् क् क् kstr क् क्ःथ क्स्थ क् थ थ क्ःथ ksth क्ःथ थ क्ःन क् क् क् ksn क्ःन क्ःप क्स्प क् प प क्ःप ksp क्ःप प क्ःफ क्स्फ क् फ फ क्ःफ ksph क्ःफ फ क्ःम क्स्म क् म म क्ःम ksm क्ःम म क्ःय क्स्य क् य य क्ःय ksy क्ःय य क्ॐ क् क् क्ॐ ksr क्ॐ क्ःव क्स्व क् व व क्ःव ksv क्ःव ख ख्ख ख्ख ख्ख ख ख khkh ख उत त त त उत t=KHt उत त U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 49 न न khn य ख्य ख्य ख्य य य khy य य व ख्व ख्व ख्व व व khv व उव उव व व व उव v=KHv उव व ग्ग ग्ग ग्ग ग्ग ग ग्ग gg ग्ग ग्ग ग्म ग्म ग् ग् ग ग्म ggr ग्म ग् ग्घ ग्घ ग्घ ग्घ घ ग्घ ggh ग्घ ग्घ ग्य ग्घ्य ग्घ्य ग्घ्य य ग्घ्य gghy ग्घ्य ग् य ग्य ग्य ग् ग् घ ग्य gghr ग्य ग् ग्ज ग्ज ग्ज ग्ज ज ग्ज gj ग्ज ग्ज्ञ ग्ज्ञ ग्ज्ञ ग् ग् gjï ग् ग्य ग्ज्य ग्ज्य ग्ज्य य ग्ज्य gjy ग्ज्य य ग्व ग्ज्व ग्ज्व ग्ज्व व ग्ज्व gjv ग्ज्व ग् ग्ड ग्ड ग्ड ग्ड ड ग्ड gò ग्ड ग्ड ग्ण ग्ण ग्ण ग्ण ण ग्ण gë ग्ण ग्ण ग्द ग्द ग्द ग्द द ग्द gd ग्द ग्द ग् ग् ग् ग् ग् gdy ग् ग् ग्ि ग्ि ग् ग् ग्ि gdr ग्ि ग् ग् ग् ग् ग् ग् gdv ग् ग् ग् ग्द्व्य ग् ग्द् य ्य ग् gdvy ग् ग् ग्ध ग्ध ग्ध ग्ध ध ग्ध gdh ग्ध ग्ध ग् ग्ध्य ग्ध्य ग्ध्य य ग्ध्य gdhy ग्ध्य ग् य ग्ी ग्ी ग् ग् ध ग्ी gdhr ग्ी ग् ग् ग् य ग् य ग् य य ग् य gdhry ग् य ग् य ग् ग्ध्व ग्ध्व ग्ध्व व ग्ध्व gdhv ग् ग् व न ग्न न gn ग्न ग्न्य ग्न्य य य ग्न्य gny ग्न्य य ग्ब ग्ब ग्ब ग्ब ब ग्ब gb ग्ब ग्ब ग्ॄ ग्ॄ ग् ग् ब ग्ॄ gbr ग्ॄ ग् भ ग्भ ग्भ ग्भ भ ग्भ gbh ग्भ ग्भ ग्भ्य ग्भ्य ग् य य ग्भ्य gbhy ग्भ्य ग् य U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 50 ग्ॅ ग् ग् भ ग्ॅ gbhr ग्ॅ ग् ग्म ग्म ग्म ग्म म ग्म gm ग्म ग्म ग् ग्म्य ग्म्य ग् य य ग्म्य gmy ग्म्य ग् य ग्य ग्य ग्य ग्य य ग्य gy ग्य ग्य म म ग म gr म य य य य य gry य य व व व व व grv व व ग्ल ग्ल ग्ल ल ग्ल gl ग्ल ग्व ग्व ग्व ग्व व ग्व gv ग्व ग्व ग् ग्व्य ग् ग् य य ग्व्य gvy ग् ग् य ग्ो ग्ो ग् ग् व ग्ो gvr ग्ो ग् न घ्न न ghn घ्न घ्न्य घ्न्य य य घ्न्य ghny घ्न्य य म घ्म घ्म घ्म म घ्म ghm घ्म म य घ्य घ्य घ्य य घ्य ghy घ्य य य य घ य ghr य य य य य य ghry य य व घ्व घ्व घ्व व घ्व ghv घ्व व घ्व्य घ् घ् य य घ्व्य ghvy घ् य ङ्क ङ्क ìk ङ् ङ् ्त ङ् ìkt ङ् ङ्क्त्य ङ्क्त्य ङ्क्त्य ्य ìkty त्य ङ्क्ऽ ङ्क् र् ् ङ्क्ऽ ìktr ऽ ङ्क्त्व ङ्क्त्व ङ्क्त्व ्व ङ् ìktv त्व ङ्क्थ ङ्क्थ ङ्क्थ ्थ ङ्क्थ ìkth थ ङ्क्य ङ्क्य ङ्क्य ्य ìky य ङ्ब ङ् र् ङ्ब ìkr ङ्क्ल ङ्क्ल ङ् ्ल ङ्क्ल ìkl ल ङ्क्व ङ् ङ् ्व ìkv व ङ्क्ष ङ्क्ष ìkñ ङ्क्ष ङ्आण ङ् ण ङ् ण ्ण ङ्आण ìkñë ङ्आण U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 51 ङ्आम ङ् म ङ् म ्म ङ्आम ìkñm ङ्आम ङ्आय ङ् य ङ् य ्य ìkñy ङ्आय ङ्आव ङ् व ङ् व ्व ìkñv ङ्आव ङ्क्स ङ्क्स ङ्क्स ्स ङ्क्स ìks स ङ्ख ङ्ख ìkh ङ्ख्य ङ्ख्य ङ्ख्य ्य ìkhy य ङ्ग ङ्ग ìg ङ्ग्ध ङ्ग्ध ङ्ग्ध ्ध ङ्ग्ध ìgdh ध ङ्ग्ध्य ङ्ग्ध्य ङ्ग्ध्य ्य ङ्ग्ध्य ìgdhy ध्य ङ्ग्ध्व ङ्ग्ध्व ङ्ग्ध्व ्व ङ्ग्ध्व ìgdhv ङ्ग्य ङ्ग्य ङ्ग्य ्य ìgy य ङ्म ङ् र् ङ्म ìgr ङ्ग्व ङ्ग्व ङ्ग्व ्व ìgv व ङ्घ ङ्घ ìgh ङ्घ्न ङ् ङ् ्न ङ् ìghn न ङ्घ्य ङ्घ्य ङ्घ्य ्य ìghy य ङ्य ङ् र् ङ्य ìghr ङ् य ङ् य ङ् य ्य ङ् य ìghry ङ् य ङ ङ्ङ ङ्ङ ङ्ङ ìì च ङ्च ङ्च ङ्च ङ्च ङ्च ìc ङ्च ज ङ्ज ङ्ज ङ्ज ङ्ज ङ्ज ìj ङ्ज त ङ्त ङ्त ङ्त ङ्त ङ्त ìt ङ्त ङ्ऽ ङ् ङ् ङ् ङ्ऽ ìtr ङ्ऽ ङ्त्व ङ्त्व ङ्त्व ङ्व ङ्त्व ìtv ङ्त्व द ङ्द ङ्द ङ्द ङ्द ङ्द ìd ङ्द ध ङ्ध ङ्ध ङ्ध ङ्ध ìdh ङ्ध ङ्ध्य ङ्ध्य ङ्ध्य ङ्य ìdhy ङ्ध्य ङ्न ङ्न ङ्न ìn ङ्न्य ङ्न्य ङ्न्य ्य ìny य ङ्ु ङ् ङ् ङ्ु ìnr प ङ्प ङ्प ङ्प ङ्प ङ्प ìp ङ्प U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 52 ङ्ू ङ् ङ् ङ् ङ्ू ìpr ङ्ू भ ङ्भ ङ्भ ङ्भ ङ्भ ìbh ङ्भ ìm य ङ्य ङ्य ìy र र ङ र ìr र व ङ्व ङ्व ङ्व ङ्व ìv ङ्व ङ्व्य ङ् ङ् य ङ्य ìvy ङ् ङ्ो ङ् ङ् ङ्व ङ्ो ìvr ङ्ो श ङ्श ङ्श ङ्श ङ्श ङ्श ìç ङ्श स ङ्स ङ्स ङ्स ङ्स ङ्स ìs ङ्स ङ्ःव ङ्स्व ङ् व ङ्व ङ्ःव ìsv ङ्ःव ह ङ्ह ङ्ह ङ्ह ङ्ह ङ्ह ìh ङ्ह च्च cc च्च च्च्य य च्च्य य च्च्य ccy च्च्य च्छ च्छ च्छ छ च्छ cch च्छ छ च्छ्म च्छ्म च्छ्म छ्म च्छ्म cchm च्छ्म च्छ्य च् च्छ्य च्छ्य cchy च् च्ल च् च् छ च्ल cchr च्ल च्छ्ल च्छ्ल च् छ्ल च्छ्ल cchl च्छ्ल च्छ्व च्छ्व च् छ्व cchv च्छ्व ञ च्ञ च्ञ च्ञ ञ cï च्ञ च्ञ्य च्ञ्य च्ञ्य य च्ञ्य cïy च्ञ्य य म च्म च्म च्म म च्म cm च्म म य च्य च्य च्य य च्य cy च्य य ऱ ऱ च ऱ cr ऱ व च्व च्व च्व व च्व cv च्व य छ्य छ्य छ्य chy ज ज्ज jj ज्ज ज्ज्ञ ज्ज्ञ ज् ञ ज् jjï ज् ज्ज्य य ज्ज्य य ज्ज्य jjy ज्ज्य य ज्ज्व व ज्ज्व व ज्ज्व jjv ज्ज्व U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 53 झ ज्झ ज्झ ज्झ झ ज्झ jjh ज्झ झ ज्झ्य ज्झ्य ज्झ्य य ज्झ्य jjhy ज्झ्य य ज्ञ ज्ञ ज्ञ jï इय य य य इय jïy इय य इव व व व इव jïv इव व म ज्म ज्म ज्म म ज्म jm ज्म म ज्म्य ज्म्य ज् य य ज्म्य jmy ज्म्य य य ज्य ज्य ज्य य ज्य jy ज्य य ळ ळ ळ jr ळ य य य य य jry य य व ज्व ज्व ज्व व ज्व jv ज्व ज्व्य ज् ज् य य ज्व्य jvy ज् य झ झ्झ झ्झ झ्झ झ झ्झ jhjh झ्झ झ च ञ्च ïc ञ्च ञ्च्म म ञ्च्म म ञ्च्म ïcm ञ्च्म ञ्च्य य ञ्च्य य ञ्च्य ïcy ञ्च्य ञ्च्व व ञ्च्व व ञ्च्व ïcv ञ्च्व छ ञ्छ ञ्छ ञ्छ छ ञ्छ ïch ञ्छ छ ञ्छ्न ञ्छ्न ञ् छ्न ञ् ïchn ञ्छ्न ञ्छ्य ञ् ञ्छ्य ञ्छ्य ïchy ञ् ञ्ल ञ् ञ् छ ञ्ल ïchr ञ्ल ञ्छ्ल ञ्छ्ल ञ् छ्ल ञ्छ्ल ïchl ञ्छ्ल ञ्छ्व ञ्छ्व ञ् छ्व ञ् ïchv ञ्छ्व ज ञ्ज ïj ञ्ज ञ्ज्ञ ञ्ज्ञ ञ् ्ञ ञ् ïjï ञ् ञ्ज्म म ञ्ज्म ्म ञ्ज्म ïjm ञ्ज्म ञ्ज्य य ञ्ज्य ्य ञ्ज्य ïjy ञ्ज्य य ञ्ज्व व ञ्ज्व ्व ञ्ज्व ïjv ञ्ज्व झ ञ्झ ञ्झ ञ्झ झ ञ्झ ïjh ञ्झ झ ञ ञ्ञ ञ्ञ ञ्ञ ञ ïï ञ्ञ श ञ्श ञ्श ञ्श श ञ्श ïç ञ्श श U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 54 ञ्ँम ञ्श्म ञ् म म ञ्ँम ïçm ञ्ँम म ञ्ँय ञ्श्य ञ् य य ञ्ँय ïçy ञ्ँय य ञ्ौ ञ् ञ् ञ्ौ ïçr ञ्ौ ञ् ञ् ञ् ल ञ्ँल ïçl ञ् ञ् ञ् ञ् ञ् ïçv ञ् ह ञ्ह ञ्ह ञ्ह ह ञ्ह ïh ञ्ह ह क ट्क ट्क ök ट्ब ट् र् ट्ब ökr ट्क्ष ट्क्ष ट्क्ष ्ष ट्क्ष ökñ ट्क्ष ख ट्ख ट्ख ट्ख ट्ख ट्ख ökh ट्ख च ट्च ट्च ट्च ट्च ट्च öc ट्च छ ट्छ ट्छ ट्छ ट्छ ट्छ öch ट्छ ट ट्ट öö ट्ट्य ट् ट् ्य ööy ट् ठ ट्ठ ööh ण ट्ण ट्ण ट्ण ट्ण ट्ण öë ट्ण त ट्त ट्त ट्त ट्त ट्त öt ट्त ट्ऽ ट् ट् ट् ट्ऽ ötr ट्ऽ ट्त्व ट्त्व ट्त्व ट्व ट्त्व ötv ट्त्व प ट्प ट्प ट्प ट्प öp ट्ू ट् ट् ट् ट्ू öpr ट्ू फ ट्फ ट्फ ट्फ ट्फ ट्फ öph ट्फ म ट्म ट्म ट्म ट्म öm ट्म य ट्य öy श श ट श ör श व ट्व ट्व ट्व öv श ट्श ट्श ट्श ट्श ट्श öç ट्ौ ट् ट् ट् ट्ौ öçr ट्ौ ट् ट् ट् ट्ल ट्ँल öçl ट् ष ट्ष ट्ष ट्ष ट्ष ट्ष öñ ट्ष स ट्स ट्स ट्स ट्स ट्स ös U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 55 ट्ःत ट्स्त ट् त ट्त ट्ःत öst ट्ःत ट्ःथ ट्स्थ ट् थ ट्थ ट्ःथ östh ट्ःथ ट्ःन ट् ट् ट् ट् ösn ट्ःन ट्ःप ट्स्प ट् प ट्प ट्ःप ösp ट्ःप ट्ःव ट्स्व ट् व ट्व ट्ःव ösv ट्ःव ठ ठ्ठ öhöh य ठ्य öhy ग ड्ग ड्ग òg ड्ग्य ड्ग्य ड्ग्य ्य ògy य ड्म ड् र् ड्म ògr घ ड्घ ड्घ ड्घ ògh ड्य ड् ड् ड्य òghr ज ड्ज ड्ज ड्ज ड्ज ड्ज òj ड्ज्ञ ड्ज्ञ ड् ड् ड् òjï ड् ड्ज्य ड्ज्य ड्ज्य ड्य ड्ज्य òjy ड्ज्य ड ड्ड òò ढ ड्ढ òòh ड्ढ्य ड् ड् ्य ड् òòhy ड् ड्ढ्व ड् व ड् व ्व ड् òòhv ड्ढ्व द ड्द ड्द ड्द ड्द ड्द òd ड् ड् ड् ड् ड् òdv ड् ध ड्ध ड्ध ड्ध ड्ध òdh ड्ध ब ड्ब ड्ब ड्ब ड्ब ड्ब òb ड्ब ड्ॄ ड् ड् ड्ब ड्ॄ òbr ड्ॄ भ ड्भ ड्भ ड्भ ड्भ òbh ड्भ्य ड्भ्य ड् य ड्य òbhy ड्भ्य ड्ॅ ड् ड् ड्भ ड्ॅ òbhr ड्ॅ म ड्म ड्म òm य ड्य òy स स ड स òr स ल ड्ल ड्ल ड्ल ड्ल ड्ल òl ड्ल U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 56 व ड्व ड्व ड्व òv ड्व्य ड् ड् य ड्य òvy ड् ह ह ह ह ह (•h=òh) ह ढ ढ्ढ òhòh ढ्ढ य ढ्य òhy ह ह ढ ह òhr ह व ढ्व व व ढ्व òhv ढ्व ट ण्ट ण्ट ण्ट ट ण्ट ëö ण्ट ण्ट य ण्ट्य ण् ण् ण् ëöy ण् ण् ठ ण्ठ ण्ठ ण्ठ ठ ण्ठ ëöh ण्ठ ण्ठ य ण्ठ्य ण् ण् ण् ëöhy ण् ण् ड ण्ड ण्ड ण्ड ड ण्ड ëò ण्ड ण्ड ढ ण्ड्ढ ण् ण् ण् ëòòh ण् ण् य ण्ड्य ण् ण् ण् ëòy ण् ण् स ण्स ण् ण् ड ण्स ëòr ण्स ण् व ण्ड्व ण्ड्व ण् ड्व ण् ëòv ण् ण् ढ ण्ढ ण्ढ ण्ढ ढ ण्ढ ëòh ण्ढ ण्ढ य ण्ढ्य ण् ण् ण् ëòhy ण् ण् ह ण्ह ण् ण् ढ ण्ह ëòhr ण्ह ण् ण ण्ण ण्ण ण्ण ण ण्ण ëë ण्ण ण्ण न ण्न ण्न ण्न न ën ण्न म ण्म ण्म ण्म म ण्म ëm ण्म ण्म य ण्य ण्य ण्य य ण्य ëy ण्य ण्य व ण्व ण्व ण्व व ण्व ëv ण्व ण्व ण्व्य ण् ण् य य ण्व्य ëvy ण् ण् य ह ण्ह ण्ह ण्ह ह ण्ह ëh ण्ह ण्ह त्क त्क त्क क त्क tk त्क क त्क्य त्क्य त्क्य य त् tky त्क्य त्ब त् त् त्ब tkr त्ब त्क्ल त्क्ल त् ल त्क्ल tkl त्क्ल त्क्व त् त् त् tkv त्क्व U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 57 त्क्ष त्क्ष त्क्ष त्क्ष tkñ त्क्ष क्ष त्आम त् म त् म म त्आम tkñm त्आम म त्आव त् व त् व व त्आव tkñv त्आव व त्ख त्ख त्ख ख त्ख tkh त्ख ख त्ख्य त्ख्य त्ख्य य त् य tkhy त् य य tt न त् त् न त् ttn त् म म त्त्म म म ttm म म य य त्त्य य य tty य य त्ऽ त् र् त्ऽ ttr त्ऽ त् य त् य त् य य त् य ttry त् य य व व त्त्व व व ttv व स स त्त्स स स tts स स त्थ त्थ त्थ थ त्थ tth त्थ थ त्थ्य त्थ्य त्थ्य य त्थ्य tthy त्थ्य य न tn य य य य य tny य य व व व व व tnv व व त्प त्प त्प प त्प tp त्प प त्ू त् त् त्ू tpr त्ू त्प्ल त्प्ल त् ल त्प्ल tpl त्प्ल त्फ त्फ त्फ फ त्फ tph त्फ फ त्म त्म त्म म त्म tm त्म म त्म्य त्म्य त् य य त्म्य tmy त्म्य य त्य त्य त्य य त्य ty त्य य त्य्व त्य्व त् व व त्य्व tyv त्य्व व ऽ ऽ ऽ tr ऽ य य य य य try य य व व व व व trv व व त्व त्व त्व व त्व tv त्व त्व्य त् त् य य त्व्य tvy त् य U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 58 त्ष त्ष त्ष ष त्ष tñ त्ष ष त्स त्स त्स स त्स ts त्स स त्ःक त्स्क त् क क त्ःक tsk त्ःक क त्ःख त्स्ख त् ख ख त्ःख tskh त्ःख ख त्ःत त्स्त त् त त त्ःत tst त्ःत त त् त् त् त् tstr त् त्ःथ त्स्थ त् थ थ त्ःथ tsth त्ःथ थ त्ःथ्य त्स्थ्य त् थ्य य त्ःथ्य tsthy त्ःथ्य य त्ःन त् त् त् tsn त्ःन त्ःप त्स्प त् प प त्ःप tsp त्ःप प त्ःू त्स् त् त्ःू tspr त्ःू त्ःफ त्स्फ त् फ फ त्ःफ tsph त्ःफ फ त्ःफ्य त्स्फ्य त् य य त्ः tsphy त्ःफ्य त्ःम त्स्म त् म म त्ःम tsm त्ःम म त्ःय त्स्य त् य य त्ःय tsy त्ःय य त्ॐ त् त् त्ॐ tsr त्ॐ त्ःव त्स्व त् व व त्ःव tsv त्ःव थ्न थ्न न thn थ्न थ्न्य थ्न्य य य थ्न्य thny थ्न्य य थ्य थ्य थ्य य थ्य thy थ्य य ा ा थ ा thr ा थ्व थ्व थ्व व थ्व thv थ्व व थ्व्य थ् थ् य य थ्व्य thvy थ् य dg द्म द्म dgr द्ग्ल द्ग्ल द् ्ल द्ग्ल dgl द्ग्ल dgh द्घ्न द् द् ्न द् dghn द्घ्न द्य द् र् द्य dghr द्य dd द् द् द् ्य ddy द् U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 59 द्ि र् द्ि ddr द्ि द् द् ddv द् द्द्व्य द् द्द् य ्य ddvy द् ddh द्ध्म द्ध्म द्ध्म ्म द्ध्म ddhm म द्ध्य द्ध्य द्ध्य ्य ddhy य द्ी द् र् द्ी ddhr द्ी द्ध्व द्ध्व द्ध्व ्व द्ध्व ddhv द्न dn db द्ॄ द् द्ॄ dbr द्ॄ dbh द्भ्य द् य ्य dbhy द्भ्य द्ॅ र् द्ॅ dbhr द्भ्व द्भ्व द् व ्व द्भ्व dbhv द्भ्व dm य द्म्य द् य ्य य dmy द्म्य य dy ि ि ि dr ि य य द्य dry व व व द्व व drv व dv द्व्य द् य ्य dvy द्ो द् र् द्ो dvr द्ो ध्न dhn ध्न ध्न्य य ध्न्य य ध्न्य dhny ध्न्य य ध्म ध्म ध्म म ध्म dhm ध्म म ध्य ध्य ध्य य ध्य dhy ध्य य ी ी ध ी dhr ी य य य य य dhry य य ध्व ध्व ध्व व ध्व dhv व U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 60 ध्व्य ध् ध् य य ध्व्य dhvy ध् य ध्ो ध् ध् व ध्ो dhvr ध्ो न्क न्क न्क क न्क nk न्क क न्ब न् न् न्ब nkr न्ब न्क्ल न्क्ल न् ल न्क्ल nkl न्क्ल न्क्व न् न् न् nkv न्क्व न्क्ष न्क्ष न्क्ष न्क्ष nkñ न्क्ष क्ष न्ख न्ख न्ख ख न्ख nkh न्ख ख न्ख्य न्ख्य न्ख्य य न् य nkhy न् य य न्ग न्ग न्ग ग न्ग ng न्ग ग न्म न् न् ग न्म ngr न्म न्ग्ल न्ग्ल न् ल न्ग्ल ngl न्ग्ल न्घ न्घ न्घ घ न्घ ngh न्घ घ न्घ्न न् न् न न् nghn न्घ्न न्य न् न् घ न्य nghr न्य न्ट न्ट न्ट ट न्ट nö न्ट ट न्ड न्ड न्ड ड न्ड nò न्ड ड न्त न्त न्त त न्त nt न्त न् न् न् न् ntt न् न् व न् व न्त्त्व व न् व nttv न् व न्त्थ न्त्थ न्त्थ थ न्त्थ ntth न्त्थ थ न्त्म न्त्म न्त्म म न्त्म ntm न्त्म म न्त्य न्त्य न्त्य य न्त्य nty न्त्य य न्ऽ न् न् न्ऽ ntr न्ऽ न् य न् य न् य य न् य ntry न् य य न्त्व न्त्व न्त्व व न्त्व ntv न्त्व न्त्व्य न्त् न्त् य य न्त्व्य ntvy न्त् य न्त्स न्त्स न्त्स स न्त्स nts न्त्स स न्त्ःत न्त्स्त न्त् त त न्त्ःत ntst न्त्ःत त न्त्ःथ न्त्स्थ न्त् थ थ न्त्ःथ ntsth न्त्ःथ थ न्त्ःन न्त् न्त् न्त् ntsn न्त्ःन U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 61 न्त्ःप न्त्स्प न्त् प प न्त्ःप ntsp न्त्ःप प न्त्ःय न्त्स्य न्त् य य न्त्ःय ntsy न्त्ःय य न्त्ॐ न्त् न्त् न्त्ॐ ntsr न्त्ॐ न्त्ःव न्त्स्व न्त् व व न्त्ःव ntsv न्त्ःव न्थ न्थ न्थ थ न्थ nth न्थ थ न्थ्य न्थ्य न्थ्य य न्थ्य nthy न्थ्य य न्द न्द न्द द न्द nd न्द द न् न् न् न् nddh न् न्द्ध्य न्द्ध्य न्द्ध्य ्य न् nddhy न् य न्द्ध्व न्द्ध्व न्द्ध्व ्व न्द्ध्व nddhv न् न् न् न् न् ndm न् न् न् न् न् ndy न् न्ि न् न् न्ि ndr न्ि न् य न् न् य द्य न् ndry न् न् न् न् न् ndv न् न्द्व्य न् न्द् य ्य न् ndvy न् न्ध न्ध न्ध ध न्ध ndh न्ध ध न्ध्म न्ध्म न्ध्म म न्ध्म ndhm न्ध्म म न्ध्य न्ध्य न्ध्य य न्ध्य ndhy न्ध्य य न्ी न् न् ध न्ी ndhr न्ी न् य न् य न् य य न् य ndhry न् य य न्ध्व न्ध्व न्ध्व व न्ध्व ndhv न् व न्न nn न्न्य य य ्य न्न्य nny य य न्न्व व व ्व न्न्व nnv व व न्प न्प न्प प न्प np न्प प न्ू न् न् न्ू npr न्ू न्प्ल न्प्ल न् ल न्प्ल npl न्प्ल न्प्स न्प्स न् स स न्प्स nps न्प्स स न्फ न्फ न्फ फ न्फ nph न्फ फ न्ब न्ब न्ब ब न्ब nb न्ब ब U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 62 न्ॄ न् न् ब न्ॄ nbr न्ॄ न्भ न्भ न्भ भ न्भ nbh न्भ भ न्ॅ न् न् भ न्ॅ nbhr न्ॅ न्म न्म न्म म न्म nm न्म म न्म्य न्म्य न् य य न्म्य nmy न्म्य य न्ॆ न् न् न्ॆ nmr न्ॆ न्म्ल न्म्ल न् ल न्म्ल nml न्म्ल न्य न्य न्य य न्य ny न्य य न्य्व न्य्व न् व व न्य्व nyv न्य्व व ु ु न ु nr ु न्व न्व न्व व न्व nv न्व व न्व्य न् न् य य न्व्य nvy न् य न्ो न् न् व न्ो nvr न्ो न्ष न्ष न्ष ष न्ष nñ न्ष ष न्स न्स न्स स न्स ns न्स स न्ःक न्स्क न् क क न्ःक nsk न्ःक क न्ःख न्स्ख न् ख ख न्ःख nskh न्ःख ख न्ःत न्स्त न् त त न्ःत nst न्ःत त न् न् न् न् nstr न् न्ःथ न्स्थ न् थ थ न्ःथ nsth न्ःथ थ न्ःन न् न् न् nsn न्ःन न्ःप न्स्प न् प प न्ःप nsp न्ःप प न्ःफ न्स्फ न् फ फ न्ःफ nsph न्ःफ फ न्ःफ्य न्स्फ्य न् य य न्ः nsphy न्ःफ्य न्ःम न्स्म न् म म न्ःम nsm न्ःम म न्ःय न्स्य न् य य न्ःय nsy न्ःय य न्ॐ न् न् न्ॐ nsr न्ॐ न्ःव न्स्व न् व व न्ःव nsv न्ःव न्ह न्ह न्ह ह न्ह nh न्ह ह न् न् न् न् nhy न् न्॑ न् न् न्॑ nhr न्॑ U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 63 न् न्ह्व न् न् nhv न् प्क प्क क क प्क pk प्क क प्क्ष प्क्ष क्ष प्क्ष pkñ प्क्ष क्ष प्ख प्ख ख ख प्ख pkh प्ख ख प्च प्च च च प्च pc प्च प्छ प्छ छ छ प्छ pch प्छ छ प्ट प्ट ट प्ट pö प्ट प्ण प्ण ण ण प्ण pë प्ण ण त pt य य त्य य य pty य य प्ऽ प् र् प्ऽ ptr प्ऽ प् य प् य य य प् य ptry प् य य व व त्व व व ptv व प्न न pn प्न प्न्य प्न्य य य प्न्य pny प्न्य य प्प प्प प प प्प pp प्प प प्ू प् प्ू ppr प्ू प्फ प्फ फ फ प्फ pph प्फ फ प्म प्म म म प्म pm प्म म प्य प्य य य प्य py प्य य ू ू ू pr ू य य य य य pry य य प्ल प्ल ल प्ल pl प्ल प्व प्व व व प्व pv प्व व प्श प्श श श प्श pç प्श प्ँय प्श्य य य प्ँय pçy प्ँय य प्स प्स स स प्स ps प्स स प्ःन प् प् psn प्ःन प्ःन्य प् य य य प्ःन्य psny प्ःन्य य प्ःय प्स्य य य प्ःय psy प्ःय य प्ःव प्स्व व व प्ःव psv प्ःव U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 64 झट ट ट ट झट (fö=PHö) झट ट झत त त त झत (ft=PHt) झत त ६ ६ ६ (fr=PHr) ६ ब्ग ब्ग ग ग ब्ग bg ब्ग ब्म ब् ग ब्म bgr ब्म ब्ज ब्ज ज ज ब्ज bj ब्ज ब्ज्य ब्ज्य ज्य य ब्ज्य bjy ब्ज्य य ब्त ब्त त त ब्त bt ब्त त ब्द ब्द द द ब्द bd ब्द द ब् ब् ब् bdy ब् ब्ध ब्ध ध ध ब्ध bdh ब्ध ध ब्ध्य ब्ध्य ध्य य ब्ध्य bdhy ब्ध्य य ब्ध्व ब्ध्व ध्व व ब्ध्व bdhv ब् व ब्ब ब्ब ब ब ब्ब bb ब्ब ब्ॄ ब् ब ब्ॄ bbr ब्ॄ ब्भ ब्भ भ भ ब्भ bbh ब्भ भ ब्भ्य ब्भ्य य य ब्भ्य bbhy ब्भ्य य ब्य ब्य य य ब्य by ब्य य ॄ ॄ ब ॄ br ॄ ब्ल ब्ल ल ब्ल bl ब्ल ब्व ब्व व व bv ब्व ब्व्य ब् य य ब्व्य bvy ब् य भ्ण भ्ण ण ण भ्ण bhë भ्ण ण भ्न भ्न न bhn भ्न भ्म भ्म म म भ्म bhm भ्म म भ्य भ्य य य भ्य bhy भ्य य ॅ ॅ भ ॅ bhr ॅ य य य य य bhry य य व व व व व bhrv व व भ्ल भ्ल ल ल भ्ल bhl भ्ल भ्व भ्व व व भ्व bhv भ्व व U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 65 भ्व्य भ् य य भ्व्य bhvy भ् य म्ण म्ण ण ण म्ण më म्ण ण म्द म्द द द म्द md म्द द म्न न mn म्न म्न्य म्न्य य य म्न्य mny म्न्य य म्प म्प प प म्प mp म्प प म्प्य म्प्य य य म्प्य mpy म्प्य य म्ू म् म्ू mpr म्ू म्प्ल म्प्ल ल म्प्ल mpl म्प्ल म्प्स म्प्स स स म्प्स mps म्प्स स म्फ म्फ फ फ म्फ mph म्फ फ म्ब म्ब ब ब म्ब mb म्ब ब म्ब्य म्ब्य य य म्ब्य mby म्ब्य य म्ॄ म् ब म्ॄ mbr म्ॄ म्ब्व म्ब्व व व म् mbv म्ब्व म्भ म्भ भ भ म्भ mbh म्भ भ म्भ्य म्भ्य य य म्भ्य mbhy म्भ्य य म्ॅ म् भ म्ॅ mbhr म्ॅ म्म म्म म म म्म mm म्म म म्म्य म्म्य य य म्म्य mmy म्म्य य म्ॆ म् म्ॆ mmr म्ॆ म्म्ल म्म्ल ल म्म्ल mml म्म्ल म्य म्य य य म्य my म्य य ॆ ॆ ॆ mr ॆ य य य य य mry य य म्ल म्ल ल म्ल ml म्ल म्व म्व व व म्व mv म्व व म्ह म्ह ह ह म्ह mh म्ह ह य्य य्य य य य्य yy य्य य य्व य्व व व य्व yv य्व व य्ह य्ह ह ह य्ह yh य्ह ह U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 66 क कर् कर् कर् क कर् rk कर् कर् क्च र् क्च र् क्च र् च क्च र् rkc क्चर् र् र् र् र् र् rkt र् र् क्थ र् क्थर् क्थ र् थ क्थ र् rkth क्थर् थ र् प क्प र् क्प र् क्प र् प क्प र् rkp क्पर् प र् य क्य र् क्य र् क्यर् य rky क्यर् र् र् क्ष र् क्ष र् क्षर् क्ष र् rkñ क्षर् क्षर् आण र् ण र् ण र् ण आण र् rkñë आणर् णर् आय र् य र् यर् य आय र् rkñy आयर् य र् स क्स र् क्स र् क्स र् स क्स र् rks क्सर् स र् क्ःव र् क्स्व र् क् वर् व क्ःव र् rksv क्ःवर् र् ख ख र् ख र् ख र् ख ख र् rkh खर् खर् य ख्य र् ख्य र् ख्यर् य य र् rkhy यर् य र् ग ग र् ग र् ग र् ग ग र् rg गर् गर् ग्ग ग्ग र् ग्गर् ग्ग र् ग ग्ग र् rgg ग्गर् ग्गर् ग्घ ग्घ र् ग्घ र् ग्घ र् घ ग्घ र् rggh ग्घर् ग्घर् ग्ज ग्ज र् ग्ज र् ग्ज र् ज ग्ज र् rgj ग्जर् र् भ ग्भ र् ग्भ र् ग्भर् भ ग्भ र् rgbh ग्भर् ग्भ र् ग्य ग्य र् ग्य र् ग्यर् य ग्य र् rgy ग्यर् ग्यर् म म र् र् र् ग म र् rgr मर् र् ग्ल ग्ल र् ग्लर् र् ल ग्ल र् rgl ग्लर् र् ग्व ग्व र् ग्वर् ग्वर् व ग्व र् rgv ग्वर् ग्वर् घ घ र् घ र् घ र् घ घ र् rgh घर् घर् न घ्न र् र् र् न rghn घ्नर् र् र् य घ्य र् घ्य र् घ्यर् य घ्य र् rghy घ्यर् यर् य य र् र् र् घ य र् rghr यर् र् ङ्ख र् ङ्खर् र् rìkh र् र् र् ङ्ग र् ङ्गर् र् rìg र् र् र् ङ्ग्य र् ङ्ग्यर् ङ्ग्यर् ्य rìgy यर् र् र् च च र् च र् च र् च च र् rc चर् चर् च्छर् च्छर् च्छर् छ च्छ र् rcch च्छर् छर् U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 67 य च्य र् च्यर् च्यर् य च्य र् rcy च्यर् यर् छ छर् छर् छर् छ छ र् rch छर् छर् ज ज र् ज र् ज र् ज ज र् rj जर् ज र् ज्ञ ज्ञ र् ज्ञ र् र् र् rjï र् र् म ज्म र् ज्म र् ज्म र् म ज्म र् rjm ज्मर् मर् ज्म्य र् ज्म्यर् ज् यर् य ज्म्य र् rjmy ज्म्यर् यर् य ज्य र् ज्यर् ज्यर् य ज्य र् rjy ज्यर् य र् व ज्व र् ज्व र् ज्वर् व ज्व र् rjv ज्वर् र् झ झ र् झर् झ र् झ झ र् rjh झर् झ र् ज ञ्ज र् र् र् rïj ञ्जर् र् र् ट टर् टर् टर् ट टर् rö टर् ट र् ड डर् ड र् डर् ड डर् rò डर् डर् य ड्य र् र् र् ròy र् र् र् ढ ढर् ढर् ढर् ढ ढर् ròh ढर् ढ र् य ढ्य र् र् र् ròhy र् र् र् ण ण र् ण र् ण र् ण ण र् rë णर् णर् ण ण्ण र् ण्ण र् ण्ण र् ण ण्ण र् rëë ण्णर् ण्ण र् य ण्य र् ण्य र् ण्यर् य ण्य र् rëy ण्यर् ण्यर् व ण्व र् ण्व र् ण्वर् व ण्व र् rëv ण्वर् ण्वर् त त र् त र् तर् त त र् rt तर् तर् र् र् र् र् rtt र् र् त्ऽ र् त् र् र्र् त्ऽ र् rttr त्ऽर् र् र् र् र् न र् rtn र् र् य र् यर् यर् य य र् rtny यर् य र् त्म र् त्मर् त्म र् म त्म र् rtm त्मर् म र् त्य र् त्यर् त्यर् य त्य र् rty त्यर् यर् ऽ ऽ र् र् र् ऽ र् rtr ऽर् र् य र् य र् यर् य य र् rtry यर् यर् त्व र् त्वर् त्वर् व त्व र् rtv त्वर् र् त्व्य र् त् र् त् य र् य त्व्य र् rtvy त् र् यर् त्स र् त्स र् त्स र् स त्स र् rts त्सर् सर् U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 68 त्ःन र् त् र् त् र् त् rtsn त्ःनर् र् र् त्ःन्य र् त् यर् त् यर् य त्ःन्य र् rtsny त्ःन्यर् य र् त्ःय र् त्स्यर् त् यर् य त्ःय र् rtsy त्ःयर् यर् थ थ र् थर् थ र् थ थ र् rth थर् थर् थ्य र् थ्य र् थ्यर् य थ्य र् rthy थ्यर् यर् द दर् द र् दर् द दर् rd दर् दर् र् र् र् र् rddh र् र् द्ध्य र् द्ध्यर् द्ध्यर् ्य rddhy यर् र् र् र् र् र् rdm र् र् र् र् र् र् र् rdy र् र् ि िर् र् र् िर् rdr िर् र् य र् यर् द्य rdry र् र् र् र् र् र् र् र् rdv र् र् द्व्य र् द् य र् ्य rdvy र् र् र् र् ध ध र् धर् धर् ध ध र् rdh धर् धर् ध्न र् र् र् rdhn ध्नर् र् र् ध्न्य र् यर् ध्न्यर् य ध्न्य र् rdhny ध्न्यर् यर् ध्म र् ध्म र् ध्म र् म ध्म र् rdhm ध्मर् म र् ध्य र् ध्य र् ध्यर् य ध्य र् rdhy ध्यर् य र् ी ी र् र् र् ध ी र् rdhr ीर् र् ध्व र् ध्व र् ध्वर् व ध्व र् rdhv र् वर् न न र् न र् नर् न न र् rn नर् नर् न्य र् न्य र् न्यर् य न्य र् rny न्यर् यर् न्व र् न्व र् न्वर् व न्व र् rnv न्वर् व र् प प र् पर् प र् प प र् rp पर् प र् प्य र् प्यर् यर् य प्य र् rpy प्यर् यर् फ फर् फर् फर् फ फर् rph फर् फर् फ़ फ़र् फ़र् फ़ र् फ़ फ़र् (rf=rPH) फ़र् फ़र् ब ब र् ब र् बर् ब ब र् rb बर् ब र् ॄ ॄ र् र् र् ब ॄ र् rbr ॄर् र् भ भ र् भर् भर् भ भ र् rbh भर् भ र् U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 69 भ्य र् भ्य र् यर् य भ्य र् rbhy भ्यर् यर् ॅ ॅ र् र् र् भ ॅ र् rbhr ॅर् र् भ्व र् भ्व र् वर् व भ्व र् rbhv भ्वर् वर् म म र् म र् म र् म म र् rm मर् म र् म्य र् म्यर् यर् य म्य र् rmy म्यर् यर् ॆ ॆ र् र् र् ॆ र् rmr ॆर् र् म्ल र् म्लर् र् ल म्ल र् rml म्लर् र् य य र् य र् यर् य य र् ry यर् यर् य्य र् य्य र् यर् य य्य र् ryy य्यर् यर् र रर् रर् रर् र रर् rr रर् रर् ल ल र् लर् लर् ल ल र् rl लर् लर् व व र् व र् वर् व व र् rv वर् व र् व्य र् र् य र् य व्य र् rvy र् यर् ो ो र् र् र् व ो र् rvr ोर् र् व्ल र् व्ल र् र् ल व्ल र् rvl व्लर् र् श श र् श र् श र् श श र् rç शर् श र् ँम ँम र् श्मर् म र् म ँम र् rçm ँमर् मर् ँय ँय र् श्य र् यर् य ँय र् rçy ँयर् यर् र् र् र् र् rçv र् र् य र् श् र् यर् य य र् rçvy ँ र् यर् ष ष र् षर् ष र् ष ष र् rñ षर् ष र् र् र् र् र् rñö र् र् ंट्य र् ष् र् र् ्य ं rñöy ं र् र् र् र् र् र् र् rñöh र् र् ंण र् ष्णर् ण र् ण ंण र् rñë ंणर् ण र् ंण्य र् ष्ण्य र् ण्यर् य ंण्य र् rñëy ंण्यर् ण्यर् ंम र् ष्म र् म र् म ंम र् rñm ंमर् मर् ंय र् ष्य र् यर् य ंय र् rñy ंयर् यर् ंव र् ष्व र् वर् व ंव र् rñv ंवर् व र् स स र् स र् स र् स स र् rs सर् स र् ॐ ॐ र् र् र् ॐ र् rsr ॐर् र् U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 70 ःव र् स्व र् वर् व ःव र् rsv ःवर् र् ह हर् ह र् हर् ह हर् rh हर् हर् र् र् र् र् rhy र् र् ॑ ॑र् र् र् ॑र् rhr ॑र् र् र् ह्लर् र् अल र् rhl र् र् र् ह्व र् र् र् rhv र् र् ल्क ल्क क क ल्क lk ल्क क ल्क्य ल्क्य क्य य ल् lky ल्क्य ल्ग ल्ग ग ग ल्ग lg ल्ग ग ल्ग्व ल्ग्व ग्व व ल्ग्व lgv ल्ग्व ग्व ल्ग्व्य ल्ग् ग् य य ल्ग्व्य lgvy ल्ग् ग् य ल्ट ल्ट ट ट ल्ट lö ल्ट ट ल्त ल्त त त ल्त lt ल्त त ल्द ल्द द द ल्द ld ल्द द ल्प ल्प प प ल्प lp ल्प प ल्प्य ल्प्य य य ल्प्य lpy ल्प्य य ल्फ ल्फ फ फ ल्फ lph ल्फ फ ल्ब ल्ब ब ब ल्ब lb ल्ब ल्ब्य ल्ब्य य य ल्ब्य lby ल्ब्य य ल्भ ल्भ भ भ ल्भ lbh ल्भ भ ल्भ्य ल्भ्य य य ल्भ्य lbhy ल्भ्य य ल्म ल्म म म ल्म lm ल्म म ल्य ल्य य य ल्य ly ल्य य ल्ल ल्ल ल्ल ll ल्ल ल्ल्य ल्ल्य य ्य ल्लय् lly ल्ल्य य ल्व ल्व व व ल्व lv ल्व ल्व्य ल् य य ल्व्य lvy ल् य ल्श ल्श श श ल्श lç ल्श श ल्ह ल्ह ह ह ल्ह lh ल्ह ह ल् ल् ल् lhy ल् व्ण व्ण ण ण व्ण vë व्ण ण U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 71 व्न न vn व्न व्न्य व्न्य य य व्न्य vny व्न्य य व्य य य व्य vy य ो ो व ो vr ो व्ल व्ल ल व्ल vl व्ल व्व व्व व व vv व्व व्ह व्ह ह ह व्ह vh व्ह ह ँक ँक श्क क क ँक çk ँक क çc य य च्य य य çcy य ँछ ँछ श्छ छ छ ँछ çch ँछ छ ँत ँत श्त त त ँत çt ँत त न çn य श्न्य न्य य य çny य य ँप ँप श्प प प ँप çp ँप श्प ँम ँम श्म म म ँम çm ँम म ँ ँम्य श्म्य य य ँम्य çmy ँम्य श् य ँय ँय श्य य य ँय çy ँय य ौ ौ ौ çr ौ य य र्य य य çry य य व व र्व व व çrv व व ल ँल çl çv य श् य य य çvy ँ य ँश ँश श्श श श ँश çç ँश ंक ष्क क क ंक ñk ंक क ंक्य ष्क्य क्य य ं ñky ंक्य ंब ष् ंब ñkr ंब ंक्ल ष्क्ल ल ंक्ल ñkl ंक्ल ंक्व ष् ं ñkv ंक्व ंक्ष ष्क्ष क्ष ंक्ष ñkñ ंक्ष क्ष U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 72 ंख ष्ख ख ख ंख ñkh ंख ख ñö ंट्य ष् ्य ं ñöy ं ñör ं य ष् य य ्य ं य ñöry ं य ंट्व ष्ट्व ्व ñöv ं ñöh ंठ्य ष् ्य ं ñöhy ं ंठ्व ष् व व ्व ñöhv ं व ंण ष्ण ण ण ंण ñë ंण ण ंण्य ष्ण्य ण्य य ंण्य ñëy ंण्य ण्य ंण्व ष्ण्व ण्व व ंण्व ñëv ंण्व ण्व ंप ष्प प प ंप ñp ंप प ंप्य ष्प्य य य ंप्य ñpy ंप्य य ंू ष् ंू ñpr ंू ंप्ल ष्प्ल ल ंप्ल ñpl ंप्ल ंफ ष्फ फ फ ंफ ñph ंफ फ ंम ष्म म म ंम ñm ंम म ंम्य ष्म्य य य ंम्य ñmy ंम्य य ंय ष्य य य ंय ñy ंय य ् ् षर् ष ् ñr ् ंव ष्व व व ंव ñv ंव व ंष ष्ष ष ष ंष ññ ंष ष ःक स्क क क ःक sk ःक क ःब स् ःब skr ःब ःख स्ख ख ख ःख skh ःख ख ःट स्ट ट ट ःट sö ःट ट ःश स् ट ःश sör ःश ःत स्त त त ःत st ःत त ःत्म स्त्म त्म म ःत्म stm ःत्म म ःत्य स्त्य त्य य ःत्य sty ःत्य य U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 73 str य स् य य य य stry य य ःत्व स्त्व त्व व ःत्व stv ःत्व ःत्स स्त्स त्स स ःत्स sts ःत्स स ःथ स्थ थ थ ःथ sth ःथ थ ःथ्न स्थ्न न ः sthn ःथ्न ःथ्न्य स्थ्न्य य य ःथ्न्य sthny ःथ्न्य य ःथ्य स्थ्य थ्य य ःथ्य sthy ःथ्य य ःन sn ःन ःन्य य य य ःन्य sny ःन्य य ःप स्प प प ःप sp ःप प ःू स् ःू spr ःू ःफ स्फ फ फ ःफ sph ःफ फ ःफ्य स्फ्य य य ः sphy ःफ्य ःब स्ब ब ब ःब sb ःब ःम स्म म म ःम sm ःम म ःम्य स्म्य य य ःम्य smy ःम्य य ःय स्य य य ःय sy ःय य ॐ ॐ ॐ sr ॐ य य र्य य य sry य य ःल स्ल ल ल ःल sl ःल ःव स्व व व ःव sv ःव ःव्य स् य य ःव्य svy ः य ःस स्स स स ःस ss ःस स ःःय स्स्य य य ःःय ssy ःःय य ःःव स्स्व व व ःःव ssv ःःव hë ह्न hn अन्य ह्न्य य ्य hny अन्य य hm अम्य ह्म्य य ्य hmy अम्य य U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 74 hy ॑ ॑ ॑ hr ॑ ह्ल अल hl ह्व hv ह् ्य hvy अव्य अ य Sanskrit Mangal Arial MS shiDeva DVBOT Code Jana Chandas 2003 Unicode (v. 2.0) Surekh 2000 Sanskrit
1. Sanskrit 2003 (Omkarananda Ashram) 2. Mangal (Default Devanagari system font of Windows 2000 and XP) 3. Arial Unicode MS (Default Unicode system font of Windows 2000) (The Macintosh system font "Devanagari MT" is identical in design) 4. shiDeva v. 2.0 (DVNG by Frans Velthuis, converted to Unicode by Ernst Tremel) 5. DVBOTSurekh (Radio Deutsche Welle; font contains OpenType bugs) 6. Code 2000 (by James Kass, California/USA, see http://home.att.net/~jameskass) 7. Jana Sanskrit (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing C-DAC, Mumbai) 8. Chandas (Chandas Devanagari by Mihail Bayaryn, see http://chandas.cakram.org)
Note: I removed the faulty fonts "Raghindi" and "TITUS Cyberbit" from above table and added the fonts "Code 2000", "Jana Sanskrit" and "Chandas". The new font "Jana Sanskrit" (2004) is an improved version of the old font "Raghindi" (2002).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 75 3.7. Orthographic Syllables of "Sanskrit 2003"
This list contains all approx. 3350 orthographic syllables of Classical Sanskrit of the type "C + V + M" (i.e. consonant(s) + vowel matra + vowel modifier) with frequency > 0.001% (the rarest orthographic syllables with frequency = 0.001% were omitted for lack of space).
क ् k (0.104) ा kkä (0.009) े kte (0.237) ktha (0.005) क ka (15.069) ि kki (0.016) ःे kteù (0.002) ो ktho (0.003) कं kaà (1.350) ु kku (0.013) ै ktai (0.066) नु knu (0.056) कः kaù (0.853) ृ kkå (0.008) ैः ktaiù (0.026) नो kno (0.045) का kä (8.951) े kke (0.002) ो kto (0.500) प kpa (0.018) का ं käà (0.273) kkña (0.006) ौ ktau (0.047) पा kpä (0.010) काः käù (0.534) े kkñe (0.003) ktya (0.013) प ु kpu (0.009) िक ki (1.309) kca (0.037) ा ktyä (0.126) प ू kpü (0.004) िकं kià (1.362) ा kcä (0.006) ृ ktyå (0.016) प ृ kpå (0.044) िकः kiù (0.117) ि kci (0.003) ो ktyo (0.003) पौ kpau (0.003) की ké (1.052) ै kcai (0.016) ktra (0.019) kpra (0.032) क kéà (0.019) kta (1.126) ं ktraà (0.020) े kpre (0.002) कीः kéù (0.002) ं ktaà (0.714) ः ktraù (0.004) म kma (0.092) कु ku (5.132) ः ktaù (0.432) ा kträ (0.048) म ं kmaà (0.005) कंु kuà (0.003) ा ktä (0.878) ाः kträù (0.004) मा kmä (0.008) कःु kuù (0.016) ा ं ktäà (0.047) ि ktri (0.002) िम kmi (0.029) कू kü (0.247) ाः ktäù (0.144) े ktre (0.006) मी kmé (0.005) कृ kå (6.030) ि kti (0.257) ै ktrai (0.004) य kya (0.512) कॢ kÿ (0.017) िं ktià (0.095) ैः ktraiù (0.003) य ं kyaà (0.432) के ke (3.060) िः ktiù (0.015) ो ktro (0.006) यः kyaù (0.038) कःे keù (0.007) ी kté (0.017) ौ ktrau (0.002) या kyä (0.132) कै kai (0.327) ु ktu (0.148) ktva (0.006) या ं kyäà (0.006) कैः kaiù (0.209) ंु ktuà (0.083) ं ktvaà (0.003) याः kyäù (0.020) को ko (1.565) ू ktü (0.011) ा ktvä (0.657) य े kye (0.063) कौ kau (1.194) ृ ktå (0.004) े ktve (0.013) य ै kyai (0.015) kka (0.020) ॄ ktè (0.003) ै ktvai (0.006) यःै kyaiù (0.010)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 76 यो kyo (0.074) वे kve (0.005) ः kñëaù (0.004) ो kñyo (0.018) यौ kyau (0.004) वो kvo (0.002) ा kñëä (0.047) ौ kñyau (0.002) ब kra (1.854) kça (0.021) ा ं kñëäà (0.008) kñva (0.126) बं kraà (0.116) ा kçä (0.003) ाः kñëäù (0.004) ा kñvä (0.035) बः kraù (0.047) ि kçi (0.010) े kñëe (0.030) े kñve (0.015) बा krä (0.413) ी kçé (0.003) ै kñëai (0.056) स ksa (0.026) बा ं kräà (0.009) ु kçu (0.004) ःै kñëaiù (0.025) स ं ksaà (0.010) िब kri (0.381) ो kçro (0.002) ो kñëo (0.010) सा ksä (0.010) बी kré (0.158) kña (4.745) ौ kñëau (0.002) िस ksi (0.002) बीः kréù (0.002) ं kñaà (0.279) ं kñëyaà (0.002) स ु ksu (0.006) बु kru (0.961) ः kñaù (0.136) kñma (0.134) स े kse (0.012) बःु kruù (0.050) ा kñä (0.679) ं kñmaà (0.015) ु ksru (0.002) बू krü (0.115) ा ं kñäà (0.097) ः kñmaù (0.005) ो ksro (0.003) बे kre (0.307) ाः kñäù (0.038) ा kñmä (0.029) ख kha (1.568) बै krai (0.009) ि kñi (1.861) ा ं kñmäà (0.003) ख ं khaà (0.466) बैः kraiù (0.002) ि ं kñià (0.002) ी kñmé (0.028) खः khaù (0.119) बो kro (0.752) ी kñé (0.255) kñméà (0.005) खा khä (0.814) बौ krau (0.030) kñéà (0.008) ीः kñméù (0.005) खा ं khäà (0.030) ल kla (0.085) ीः kñéù (0.004) े kñme (0.008) खाः khäù (0.078) लं klaà (0.005) ु kñu (0.661) ै kñmai (0.002) िख khi (0.311) लः klaù (0.003) ःु kñuù (0.036) ो kñmo (0.010) खी khé (0.119) ला klä (0.025) ू kñü (0.008) ा kñmyä (0.022) ख khéà (0.006) िल kli (0.117) ूं kñüà (0.008) kñya (0.907) ख ु khu (0.021) ली klé (0.035) े kñe (0.712) ं kñyaà (0.056) ख ंु khuà (0.003) ले kle (0.110) ै kñai (0.039) ः kñyaù (0.009) ख े khe (0.336) लै klai (0.004) ःै kñaiù (0.018) ा kñyä (0.400) ख ै khai (0.083) लैः klaiù (0.002) ो kño (0.269) ा ं kñyäà (0.007) खःै khaiù (0.047) लो klo (0.003) ोः kñoù (0.003) ाः kñyäù (0.007) खो kho (0.146) व kva (0.259) ौ kñau (0.115) े kñye (0.050) खौ khau (0.006) वं kvaà (0.005) kñëa (0.078) ै kñyai (0.016) य khya (0.102) वा kvä (0.026) ं kñëaà (0.041) ःै kñyaiù (0.003) य ं khyaà (0.070)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 77 यः khyaù (0.013) गौ gau (0.261) ग्ध ंु gdhuà (0.007) ो gnyo (0.009) या khyä (0.696) गौः gauù (0.008) ग्ध े gdhe (0.010) ग्ब gba (0.012) या ं khyäà (0.023) ग्ग gga (0.016) ग्ध ै gdhai (0.006) ग्बा gbä (0.004) याः khyäù (0.025) ग्ग ु ggu (0.004) ग्धःै gdhaiù (0.003) ग्ब ु gbu (0.006) य ु khyu (0.009) ग्ग ृ ggå (0.003) ग्धो gdho (0.015) ग्ॄ gbra (0.002) यःु khyuù (0.004) ग्घ ु gghu (0.002) ग्धौ gdhau (0.003) भ gbha (0.018) य े khye (0.293) ग्ज gja (0.018) ग्ीी gdhré (0.006) भा gbhä (0.011) य ै khyai (0.020) ग्जा gjä (0.002) ग्ी gdhréà (0.003) िभ gbhi (0.040) यःै khyaiù (0.010) िग्ज gji (0.002) ग्ा gdhvä (0.017) िभः gbhiù (0.013) यो khyo (0.018) ग्ज्ञा gjïä (0.003) न gna (0.132) भी gbhé (0.003) यौ khyau (0.025) ग्यो gjyo (0.030) न ं gnaà (0.042) भ ू gbhü (0.014) ग ga (12.089) ग्ण gëa (0.008) नः gnaù (0.020) gbhya (0.005) ग ं gaà (0.336) ग्णः gëaù (0.003) ना gnä (0.090) ः gbhyaù (0.009) गः gaù (0.247) ग्णा gëä (0.006) ना ं gnäà (0.011) ो gbhyo (0.003) गा gä (2.838) ग्द gda (0.013) नाः gnäù (0.026) ग्म gma (0.065) गा ं gäà (0.098) ग्दा gdä (0.006) िन gni (0.629) ग्मा ं gmäà (0.006) गाः gäù (0.257) ग् gdu (0.003) िन ं gnià (0.062) िग्म gmi (0.020) िग gi (0.526) ग् gdå (0.005) िनः gniù (0.047) ग्मी gmé (0.014) गी gé (0.340) ग्द े gde (0.002) नी gné (0.043) ग्म ु gmu (0.182) ग géà (0.002) ग्दो gdo (0.002) न gnéà (0.004) ग्मःु gmuù (0.075) ग ु gu (1.804) ग्ा gdvä (0.004) न े gne (0.093) ग्म ू gmü (0.003) ग ंु guà (0.005) िग् gdvi (0.002) नःे gneù (0.011) ग्य gya (0.067) गःु guù (0.016) ग्ध gdha (0.079) न ै gnai (0.012) ग्य ं gyaà (0.030) ग ू gü (0.092) ग्ध ं gdhaà (0.029) नःै gnaiù (0.003) ग्यः gyaù (0.003) ग ूं güà (0.002) ग्धः gdhaù (0.011) नो gno (0.021) ग्या gyä (0.023) ग ृ gå (1.269) ग्धा gdhä (0.056) नौ gnau (0.046) ग्या ं gyäà (0.005) ग े ge (0.946) ग्धा ं gdhäà (0.004) gnya (0.030) ग्याः gyäù (0.002) ग ै gai (0.141) ग्धाः gdhäù (0.008) ं gnyaà (0.008) ग्य ु gyu (0.003) गःै gaiù (0.131) िग्ध gdhi (0.005) ः gnyaù (0.009) ग्य े gye (0.021) गो go (0.913) ग्धी gdhé (0.002) ा gnyä (0.010) ग्यो gyo (0.035) गोः goù (0.013) ग्ध ु gdhu (0.009) े gnye (0.014) म gra (1.038)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 78 म ं graà (0.098) ग्व ृ gvå (0.008) नःु ghnuù (0.020) े ìke (0.041) मः graù (0.021) ग्व े gve (0.008) न े ghne (0.047) ै ìkai (0.002) मा grä (0.898) ग्व ै gvai (0.002) नो ghno (0.021) ो ìko (0.020) मा ं gräà (0.015) ग् gvya (0.003) नौ ghnau (0.003) ìkta (0.009) माः gräù (0.018) ग्ा gvyä (0.002) ghnya (0.003) ि ìkti (0.008) मी gré (0.124) घ gha (0.960) ः ghnyaù (0.003) े ìkte (0.071) म ू grü (0.006) घ ं ghaà (0.049) य ghya (0.002) ः ìktyaù (0.002) म े gre (0.128) घः ghaù (0.023) या ं ghyäà (0.003) ा ं ìktyäà (0.002) म ै grai (0.030) घा ghä (0.681) य ghra (0.322) ा ìktvä (0.003) मःै graiù (0.023) घा ं ghäà (0.156) य ं ghraà (0.124) ìkya (0.003) मो gro (0.051) घाः ghäù (0.048) यः ghraù (0.030) ìkra (0.006) मौ grau (0.002) िघ ghi (0.009) या ghrä (0.135) ìkña (0.079) grya (0.040) घी ghé (0.017) या ं ghräà (0.005) ा ìkñä (0.006) ं gryaà (0.033) घ ु ghu (0.083) याः ghräù (0.027) ि ìkñi (0.072) ः gryaù (0.013) घःु ghuù (0.003) य े ghre (0.017) ी ìkñé (0.026) ा gryä (0.020) घ ू ghü (0.020) य ै ghrai (0.015) े ìkñe (0.009) ा ं gryäà (0.011) घ ृ ghå (0.089) यःै ghraiù (0.002) ìkñya (0.008) ाः gryäù (0.009) घ े ghe (0.046) यो ghro (0.041) ìkñva (0.023) े grye (0.009) घ ै ghai (0.066) यौ ghrau (0.025) ìkha (0.122) ै gryai (0.006) घःै ghaiù (0.037) व ghva (0.006) ं ìkhaà (0.030) ःै gryaiù (0.004) घो gho (0.721) वा ghvä (0.009) ः ìkhaù (0.006) ो gryo (0.005) घौ ghau (0.006) ìka (0.204) ा ìkhä (0.066) ौ gryau (0.002) न ghna (0.269) ं ìkaà (0.016) ा ं ìkhäà (0.008) ग्ल gla (0.018) न ं ghnaà (0.048) ः ìkaù (0.016) ाः ìkhäù (0.014) ग्ला glä (0.032) नः ghnaù (0.014) ा ìkä (0.050) े ìkhe (0.012) ग्लो glo (0.003) ना ghnä (0.021) ा ं ìkäà (0.011) ै ìkhai (0.022) ग्व gva (0.022) नाः ghnäù (0.002) ाः ìkäù (0.002) ःै ìkhaiù (0.038) ग्व ं gvaà (0.003) िन ghni (0.026) ि ìki (0.071) ो ìkho (0.006) ग्वा gvä (0.019) नी ghné (0.013) ी ìké (0.010) ौ ìkhau (0.005) िग्व gvi (0.057) न ghnéà (0.005) ु ìku (0.056) ìga (0.680) ग्वी gvé (0.008) न ु ghnu (0.051) ìkå (0.002) ं ìgaà (0.111)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 79 ः ìgaù (0.054) च ca (22.848) ु ccyu (0.015) ा cchvä (0.013) ा ìgä (0.457) च ं caà (0.189) ccha (2.440) े cchve (0.006) ा ं ìgäà (0.051) चः caù (0.461) ं cchaà (0.036) ञा cïä (0.002) ाः ìgäù (0.028) चा cä (4.479) ः cchaù (0.002) य cya (0.674) ि ìgi (0.168) चा ं cäà (0.011) ा cchä (0.687) य ं cyaà (0.032) िं ìgià (0.004) चाः cäù (0.010) ा ं cchäà (0.008) यः cyaù (0.018) ी ìgé (0.043) िच ci (3.746) ाः cchäù (0.005) या cyä (0.062) ìgéà (0.020) िच ं cià (0.011) ि cchi (0.235) या ं cyäà (0.015) ु ìgu (0.068) िचः ciù (0.079) ी cché (0.028) याः cyäù (0.011) ू ìgü (0.016) ची cé (0.249) cchu (0.058) य ु cyu (0.218) े ìge (0.226) च céà (0.035) ः cchuù (0.004) य े cye (0.055) ै ìgai (0.039) च ु cu (0.188) cchü (0.032) य ै cyai (0.004) ःै ìgaiù (0.016) चःु cuù (0.110) cchå (0.051) यो cyo (0.020) ो ìgo (0.092) च ू cü (0.053) े cche (0.628) छ cha (0.138) ौ ìgau (0.015) च े ce (1.241) ःे ccheù (0.014) छा chä (0.123) ìgya (0.008) चःे ceù (0.003) ै cchai (0.018) िछ chi (0.237) ः ìgyaù (0.002) च ै cai (1.814) ःै cchaiù (0.004) छ े che (0.022) ा ìgyä (0.004) चःै caiù (0.020) ो ccho (0.043) ज ja (15.613) ु ìgyu (0.002) चो co (0.810) ौ cchau (0.004) ज ं jaà (0.720) ìgha (0.017) चौ cau (0.030) cchya (0.009) जः jaù (0.601) ा ìghä (0.011) cca (0.864) cchra (0.068) जा jä (5.586) ि ìghi (0.004) ः ccaù (0.003) ं cchraà (0.015) जा ं jäà (0.103) ो ìgho (0.003) ा ccä (0.315) ा cchrä (0.052) जाः jäù (0.425) ìna (0.012) ि cci (0.304) ा ं cchräà (0.003) िज ji (1.853) ा ìnä (0.004) ु ccu (0.010) ि cchri (0.068) जी jé (1.021) ि ìni (0.009) े cce (0.028) ी cchré (0.006) ज ु ju (0.176) ìma (0.035) ै ccai (0.143) ु cchru (0.218) जःु juù (0.026) ा ìmä (0.007) ःै ccaiù (0.028) ू cchrü (0.004) ज ू jü (0.004) ा ं ìmäà (0.003) ो cco (0.016) े cchre (0.085) ज ूं jüà (0.009) ु ìmu (0.085) ccya (0.006) ो cchro (0.017) ज ृ jå (0.013) े ìme (0.003) ा ccyä (0.002) cchva (0.013) ज े je (1.180)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 80 ज ै jai (0.139) ज्ञा jïä (2.124) ळो jro (0.006) ïjva (0.006) जःै jaiù (0.062) ज्ञा ं jïäà (0.197) व jva (0.340) श ïça (0.289) जो jo (0.782) ज्ञाः jïäù (0.060) वा jvä (0.095) श ं ïçaà (0.004) ज joà (0.003) िज्ञ jïi (0.103) झ jha (0.024) शा ïçä (0.029) जौ jau (0.160) ज्ञी jïé (0.003) िझ jhi (0.003) शा ं ïçäà (0.003) ज jja (0.346) ज्ञ ु jïu (0.007) च ïca (1.069) िश ïçi (0.059) ज ं jjaà (0.009) ज्ञःु jïuù (0.002) च ं ïcaà (0.008) शी ïçé (0.020) जः jjaù (0.003) ज्ञ े jïe (0.448) चा ïcä (0.611) श ु ïçu (0.032) जा jjä (0.103) ज्ञ ै jïai (0.079) िच ïci (0.021) श ू ïçü (0.038) जा ं jjäà (0.003) ज्ञःै jïaiù (0.027) च ु ïcu (0.004) ïçå (0.016) जाः jjäù (0.002) ज्ञो jïo (0.358) च े ïce (0.035) श े ïçe (0.005) िज jji (0.037) ज्ञौ jïau (0.009) च ै ïcai (0.023) श ै ïçai (0.009) जी jjé (0.041) म jma (0.002) चो ïco (0.005) शो ïço (0.020) जीः jjéù (0.002) य jya (0.965) छ ïcha (0.033) शौ ïçau (0.003) ज ु jju (0.013) य ं jyaà (0.283) छा ïchä (0.003) ïçra (0.010) ज े jje (0.019) यः jyaù (0.005) िछ ïchi (0.004) ा ïçrä (0.009) जो jjo (0.004) या jyä (0.244) ïchu (0.002) ि ïçri (0.012) ा jjïä (0.050) या ं jyäà (0.015) ज ïja (0.808) ी ïçré (0.004) ाः jjïäù (0.002) याः jyäù (0.009) ज ं ïjaà (0.004) ु ïçru (0.017) े jjïe (0.004) य े jye (0.275) जा ïjä (0.091) े ïçre (0.010) ै jjïai (0.002) य ै jyai (0.009) जाः ïjäù (0.003) ो ïçro (0.009) jjya (0.003) यो jyo (0.130) िज ïji (0.051) ïçla (0.007) ा jjyä (0.002) यौ jyau (0.002) जी ïjé (0.058) ïçva (0.006) े jjye (0.006) ळ jra (0.189) ज ु ïju (0.004) ा ïçvä (0.003) ो jjyo (0.007) ळ ं jraà (0.027) ज ू ïjü (0.005) े ïçve (0.008) jjva (0.031) ळः jraù (0.003) ज े ïje (0.020) ट ् ö (0.060) ा jjvä (0.003) ळा jrä (0.040) जो ïjo (0.010) ट öa (0.406) िझ jjhi (0.003) िळ jri (0.016) ा ïjïä (0.020) टं öaà (0.065) ज्ञ jïa (0.763) ळी jré (0.013) ïjma (0.002) टः öaù (0.042) ज्ञ ं jïaà (0.146) ळ े jre (0.026) ा ïjyä (0.006) टा öä (0.130) ज्ञः jïaù (0.322) ळ ै jrai (0.006) ो ïjyo (0.003) टा ं öäà (0.008)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 81 टाः öäù (0.021) या öyä (0.011) ड ै òai (0.007) ढं òhaà (0.072) िट öi (0.180) या ं öyäà (0.005) डःै òaiù (0.002) ढः òhaù (0.033) िटं öià (0.006) यो öyo (0.003) डो òo (0.024) ढा òhä (0.120) िटः öiù (0.004) वा övä (0.003) ग òga (0.058) ढा ं òhäà (0.012) टी öé (0.078) श öça (0.005) ग ं ògaà (0.028) ढाः òhäù (0.018) ट öéà (0.008) श öçü (0.006) गः ògaù (0.004) ढी òhé (0.003) टु öu (0.046) स ösa (0.021) गा ògä (0.009) ढ ु òhu (0.018) टू öü (0.002) सं ösaà (0.003) गा ं ògäà (0.003) ढं ु òhuà (0.033) टे öe (0.063) स ु ösu (0.007) गाः ògäù (0.004) ढ े òhe (0.047) टै öai (0.006) ösva (0.003) गी ògé (0.009) ढ ै òhai (0.006) टैः öaiù (0.008) ठ öha (0.058) ग ु ògu (0.011) ढःै òhaiù (0.009) टो öo (0.148) ठं öhaà (0.008) ग े òge (0.018) ढो òho (0.066) टौ öau (0.011) ठः öhaù (0.008) ग ै ògai (0.009) ढौ òhau (0.005) क öka (0.006) ठा öhä (0.010) गःै ògaiù (0.002) य òhya (0.006) का ökä (0.018) ठाः öhäù (0.003) गो ògo (0.008) य ं òhyaà (0.006) क ökå (0.004) िठ öhi (0.012) गौ ògau (0.002) यः òhyaù (0.003) ökña (0.002) ठे öhe (0.021) ज òja (0.003) या òhyä (0.015) च öca (0.004) ठो öho (0.004) भा òbhä (0.006) या ं òhyäà (0.002) च ै öcai (0.003) य öhya (0.011) िभ òbhi (0.026) य े òhye (0.004) ट ööa (0.024) य े öhye (0.002) िभः òbhiù (0.014) यो òhyo (0.006) टा ööä (0.017) ड òa (0.413) य òya (0.084) ण ëa (6.325) िट ööi (0.038) ड ं òaà (0.016) य ं òyaà (0.003) ण ं ëaà (1.548) ट ै ööai (0.006) डः òaù (0.011) या òyä (0.004) णः ëaù (1.367) टःै ööaiù (0.002) डा òä (0.158) यो òyo (0.003) णा ëä (4.171) त öta (0.004) डा ं òäà (0.012) स òra (0.011) णा ं ëäà (1.811) िं ötrià (0.005) डाः òäù (0.016) सा òrä (0.006) णाः ëäù (0.479) प öpa (0.011) िड òi (0.329) व òva (0.008) िण ëi (2.852) प ु öpu (0.003) डी òé (0.015) वा òvä (0.008) िण ं ëià (0.078) ा öprä (0.003) डु òu (0.028) िव òvi (0.006) िणः ëiù (0.072) य öya (0.015) डू òü (0.033) िव ं òvià (0.015) णी ëé (0.691) यः öyaù (0.002) ड े òe (0.030) ढ òha (0.323) ण ëéà (0.090)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 82 णीः ëéù (0.015) डा ं ëòäà (0.009) णा ं ëëäà (0.009) ती té (2.221) ण ु ëu (0.539) डाः ëòäù (0.009) णाः ëëäù (0.002) त téà (0.218) ण ंु ëuà (0.010) िड ëòi (0.345) णो ëëo (0.008) तीः téù (0.034) णःु ëuù (0.008) डी ëòé (0.290) म ëma (0.032) त ु tu (5.936) ण ू ëü (0.010) डु ëòu (0.413) मा ëmä (0.015) त ंु tuà (0.498) ण े ëe (2.132) डु ं ëòuà (0.010) य ëya (0.684) तःु tuù (0.428) णःे ëeù (0.011) डःु ëòuù (0.011) य ं ëyaà (0.201) त ू tü (0.300) ण ै ëai (0.538) डू ëòü (0.079) यः ëyaù (0.032) त ूं tüà (0.006) णःै ëaiù (0.332) डू ं ëòüà (0.002) या ëyä (0.233) त ृ tå (0.760) णो ëo (1.118) ड े ëòe (0.167) या ं ëyäà (0.049) तॄ tè (0.238) णोः ëoù (0.009) ड ै ëòai (0.015) याः ëyäù (0.027) तॄ ं tèà (0.042) णौ ëau (0.206) डःै ëòaiù (0.002) य ु ëyu (0.041) त े te (15.372) ट ëöa (0.043) डो ëòo (0.091) य े ëye (0.172) तःे teù (0.146) टा ëöä (0.018) डोः ëòoù (0.018) य ै ëyai (0.016) त ै tai (0.912) टा ं ëöäà (0.003) डौ ëòau (0.003) यःै ëyaiù (0.007) तःै taiù (0.707) टाः ëöäù (0.002) य ëòya (0.017) यो ëyo (0.058) तो to (6.729) ठ ëöha (0.027) य ं ëòyaà (0.003) यौ ëyau (0.002) तोः toù (0.057) ठं ëöhaà (0.003) यः ëòyaù (0.003) व ëva (0.103) तौ tau (1.079) ठः ëöhaù (0.007) या ëòyä (0.006) व ं ëvaà (0.007) tka (0.645) ठा ëöhä (0.020) या ं ëòyäà (0.002) वा ëvä (0.019) ा tkä (0.329) ठा ं ëöhäà (0.003) य े ëòye (0.006) वो ëvo (0.006) ा ं tkäà (0.004) ठाः ëöhäù (0.003) यो ëòyo (0.006) त ् t (5.654) ि tki (0.039) िठ ëöhi (0.006) स ëòra (0.005) त ta (47.014) िं tkià (0.073) ठीः ëöhéù (0.003) सा ëòrä (0.006) त ं taà (6.090) ी tké (0.019) ठे ëöhe (0.013) साः ëòräù (0.002) तः taù (8.719) ु tku (0.211) ठो ëöho (0.008) ढ ëòha (0.006) ता tä (14.905) ू tkü (0.006) यः ëöhyaù (0.002) ढं ëòhaà (0.002) ता ं täà (2.710) ृ tkå (0.447) ड ëòa (2.900) ण ëëa (0.023) ताः täù (2.639) े tke (0.039) ड ं ëòaà (0.056) ण ं ëëaà (0.004) ित ti (14.424) ै tkai (0.014) डः ëòaù (0.032) णः ëëaù (0.007) ित ं tià (0.502) ैः tkaiù (0.009) डा ëòä (0.116) णा ëëä (0.023) ितः tiù (1.023) ो tko (0.025)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 83 ौ tkau (0.021) ु ttu (0.228) े ttve (0.103) ाः tnyäù (0.006) tkra (0.021) ंु ttuà (0.014) ै ttvai (0.011) ो tnyo (0.004) ा tkrä (0.013) ःु ttuù (0.004) ःै ttvaiù (0.003) tpa (0.915) ि tkri (0.020) ू ttü (0.066) ो ttvo (0.015) ा tpä (0.371) ु tkru (0.051) ृ ttå (0.013) ौ ttvau (0.003) ि tpi (0.107) ू tkrü (0.003) े tte (0.608) ttha (0.125) ी tpé (0.011) ो tkro (0.025) ःे tteù (0.006) ं tthaà (0.006) ु tpu (0.352) ि tkli (0.003) ै ttai (0.027) ः tthaù (0.002) ंु tpuà (0.004) े tkle (0.003) ःै ttaiù (0.008) ा tthä (0.278) ू tpü (0.054) tkva (0.018) ो tto (0.260) ि tthi (0.112) ृ tpå (0.071) tkña (0.085) ौ ttau (0.045) े tthe (0.008) े tpe (0.021) ा tkñä (0.004) ttya (0.032) ै tthai (0.003) ो tpo (0.002) ि tkñi (0.044) ा ttyä (0.036) tna (0.192) ौ tpau (0.009) ी tkñé (0.004) ु ttyu (0.006) ं tnaà (0.052) tpra (0.636) ु tkñu (0.012) े ttye (0.002) ः tnaù (0.009) ा tprä (0.142) े tkñe (0.017) ो ttyo (0.002) ा tnä (0.141) ि tpri (0.061) tkha (0.013) ौ ttyau (0.002) ा ं tnäà (0.006) ी tpré (0.045) ं tkhaà (0.003) ttra (0.013) ाः tnäù (0.003) े tpre (0.018) ा tkhä (0.008) ा tträ (0.017) ि tni (0.005) ो tpro (0.008) ा tkhyä (0.006) ि ttri (0.049) ी tné (0.065) tpla (0.002) tta (4.202) ि ं ttrià (0.002) tnéà (0.017) tpha (0.055) ं ttaà (0.486) ी ttré (0.003) ु tnu (0.009) ा tphä (0.002) ः ttaù (0.184) ै ttrai (0.014) े tne (0.067) ु tphu (0.015) ा ttä (0.558) ttrya (0.003) ै tnai (0.025) tma (2.444) ा ं ttäà (0.047) ttva (0.511) ःै tnaiù (0.006) ं tmaà (0.015) ाः ttäù (0.056) ं ttvaà (0.200) ो tno (0.020) ा tmä (1.666) ि tti (0.440) ः ttvaù (0.008) ौ tnau (0.008) ि tmi (0.008) ि ं ttià (0.090) ा ttvä (0.409) tnya (0.008) ी tmé (0.002) िः ttiù (0.047) ा ं ttväà (0.029) ः tnyaù (0.004) े tme (0.011) ी tté (0.072) ाः ttväù (0.011) ा tnyä (0.013) ै tmai (0.013) ttéà (0.003) ि ttvi (0.035) ा ं tnyäà (0.003) ो tmo (0.003)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 84 ौ tmau (0.002) ऽ tréà (0.035) ै tvai (0.067) ः tsthaù (0.004) tmya (0.015) ऽ ु tru (0.324) ो tvo (0.016) ा tsthä (0.037) ं tmyaà (0.030) ऽ ंु truà (0.035) tña (0.004) ि tsthi (0.016) ा tmyä (0.005) ऽःु truù (0.020) ो tño (0.002) ो tstho (0.004) tya (5.220) ऽ ू trü (0.119) tsa (1.657) tsna (0.049) ं tyaà (0.896) ऽ ूं trüà (0.009) ं tsaà (0.223) ं tsnaà (0.064) ः tyaù (0.094) ऽ े tre (0.807) ः tsaù (0.004) ः tsnaù (0.002) ा tyä (1.242) ऽःे treù (0.004) ा tsä (0.271) ा tsnä (0.045) ा ं tyäà (0.088) ऽ ै trai (0.479) ा ं tsäà (0.021) ा ं tsnäà (0.035) ाः tyäù (0.066) ऽःै traiù (0.061) ाः tsäù (0.004) ि tsni (0.002) ु tyu (1.025) ऽो tro (0.649) ि tsi (0.050) े tsne (0.009) ंु tyuà (0.030) ऽोः troù (0.011) ि ं tsià (0.009) ो tsno (0.009) ःु tyuù (0.023) ऽौ trau (0.143) ी tsé (0.014) tspa (0.003) ू tyü (0.033) trya (0.062) ीः tséù (0.002) ृ tspå (0.006) ृ tyå (0.003) ं tryaà (0.015) ु tsu (0.485) ी tsphé (0.003) े tye (0.738) ः tryaù (0.004) ंु tsuà (0.025) tsma (0.026) ै tyai (0.057) ा tryä (0.035) ःु tsuù (0.033) ृ tsmå (0.006) ःै tyaiù (0.012) ा ं tryäà (0.013) ू tsü (0.044) tsya (0.247) ो tyo (0.200) ाः tryäù (0.004) ृ tså (0.269) ं tsyaà (0.011) ोः tyoù (0.008) ु tryu (0.013) े tse (0.072) ः tsyaù (0.013) ौ tyau (0.028) े trye (0.006) ै tsai (0.078) ा tsyä (0.157) ऽ tra (6.099) ो tryo (0.003) ःै tsaiù (0.003) ा ं tsyäà (0.009) ऽ ं traà (0.858) ौ tryau (0.002) ो tso (0.063) ाः tsyäù (0.015) ऽः traù (0.249) tva (2.305) ोः tsoù (0.004) े tsye (0.041) ऽा trä (2.258) ं tvaà (1.107) ौ tsau (0.023) ै tsyai (0.008) ऽा ं träà (0.105) ः tvaù (0.008) tska (0.009) ःै tsyaiù (0.005) ऽाः träù (0.093) ा tvä (3.897) tsta (0.015) ो tsyo (0.022) िऽ tri (1.444) ा ं tväà (0.385) ि tstri (0.008) tsra (0.015) िऽ ं trià (0.061) ि tvi (0.132) ी tstré (0.008) tsva (0.160) िऽः triù (0.025) ी tvé (0.003) tstha (0.006) ं tsvaà (0.006) ऽी tré (0.177) े tve (0.211) ं tsthaà (0.004) ा tsvä (0.011)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 85 ि tsvi (0.003) े thye (0.032) दौ dau (0.370) ू ddyü (0.009) े tsve (0.007) ै thyai (0.007) दौः dauù (0.015) ो ddyo (0.004) थ tha (3.457) ो thyo (0.013) dga (0.276) ौः ddyauù (0.003) थ ं thaà (1.314) thva (0.002) ा dgä (0.035) ddra (0.024) थः thaù (0.433) ा thvä (0.002) ा ं dgäà (0.004) ा ddrä (0.002) था thä (8.062) ी thvé (0.010) ाः dgäù (0.002) ु ddru (0.021) था ं thäà (0.095) thvéà (0.003) ि dgi (0.017) ो ddro (0.045) थाः thäù (0.426) ा thvyä (0.003) ी dgé (0.008) ौ ddrau (0.018) िथ thi (1.443) ा ं thvyäà (0.004) ु dgu (0.056) ddva (0.004) िथ ं thià (0.086) द da (14.944) ृ dgå (0.047) ं ddvaà (0.003) िथः thiù (0.080) द ं daà (1.821) े dge (0.002) ा ddvä (0.017) थी thé (0.109) दः daù (0.468) ो dgo (0.028) ि ddvi (0.079) थ théà (0.013) दा dä (8.653) ौ dgau (0.007) ी ddvé (0.003) थ ु thu (0.117) दा ं däà (0.273) dgra (0.011) े ddve (0.004) थ ंु thuà (0.004) दाः däù (0.223) ा dgrä (0.007) ै ddvai (0.008) थःु thuù (0.006) िद di (5.519) dgha (0.006) ddha (1.546) थ ू thü (0.006) िद ं dià (0.010) ा dghä (0.005) ं ddhaà (0.479) थ े the (0.751) िदः diù (0.004) ृ dghå (0.006) ः ddhaù (0.286) थःे theù (0.014) दी dé (1.647) ो dgho (0.041) ा ddhä (0.792) थ ै thai (1.025) द déà (0.097) dda (0.197) ा ं ddhäà (0.041) थःै thaiù (0.081) दीः déù (0.012) ा ddä (0.086) ाः ddhäù (0.091) थो tho (0.648) du (3.832) ि ddi (0.138) ि ddhi (1.155) थौ thau (0.103) ं duà (0.004) ी ddé (0.032) ि ं ddhià (0.167) thna (0.005) ः duù (1.180) ु ddu (0.057) िः ddhiù (0.097) ा thnä (0.003) dü (0.283) ःु dduù (0.060) ी ddhé (0.052) ी thné (0.003) då (3.326) ू ddü (0.006) ु ddhu (0.067) thya (0.134) द े de (5.994) ddå (0.079) ंु ddhuà (0.024) ं thyaà (0.072) दःे deù (0.002) े dde (0.184) ू ddhü (0.057) ः thyaù (0.004) द ै dai (0.737) ै ddai (0.018) ृ ddhå (0.099) ा thyä (0.094) दःै daiù (0.061) ो ddo (0.008) े ddhe (0.596) ा ं thyäà (0.007) दो do (0.818) ु ddyu (0.005) ःे ddheù (0.013)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 86 ै ddhai (0.053) dbha (0.468) ः dyaù (0.062) drya (0.004) ःै ddhaiù (0.015) ा dbhä (0.108) ा dyä (0.666) ा dryä (0.009) ो ddho (0.459) ि dbhi (0.292) ा ं dyäà (0.073) ा drvä (0.002) ौ ddhau (0.066) िः dbhiù (0.112) ाः dyäù (0.035) dva (0.924) ddhya (0.037) ी dbhé (0.132) ु dyu (0.926) ं dvaà (0.049) ा ddhyä (0.167) ु dbhu (0.339) ःु dyuù (0.004) ः dvaù (0.015) ु ddhyu (0.003) ू dbhü (0.153) ू dyü (0.119) ा dvä (1.078) े ddhye (0.005) ृ dbhå (0.042) े dye (0.157) ा ं dväà (0.048) ो ddhyo (0.002) े dbhe (0.009) ै dyai (0.056) ाः dväù (0.011) ddhra (0.004) ै dbhai (0.012) ःै dyaiù (0.004) ि dvi (2.139) ि ddhri (0.002) ो dbho (0.018) ो dyo (0.195) िः dviù (0.003) ु ddhru (0.011) dbhya (0.010) ौ dyau (0.035) ी dvé (0.156) ddhva (0.009) ः dbhyaù (0.008) ौः dyauù (0.005) ृ dvå (0.114) ं ddhvaà (0.002) ा dbhyä (0.013) ि dra (1.803) े dve (0.265) ा ddhvä (0.199) ा ं dbhyäà (0.024) िं draà (0.226) ै dvai (0.293) े ddhve (0.003) ो dbhyo (0.016) िः draù (0.074) ो dvo (0.034) ै ddhvai (0.003) dbhra (0.011) िा drä (0.857) ौ dvau (0.033) dna (0.025) ं dbhraà (0.005) िा ं dräà (0.042) dvya (0.073) ं dnaà (0.003) ा dbhrä (0.040) िाः dräù (0.026) ा dvyä (0.029) ा dnä (0.008) dma (0.140) िि dri (0.068) ू dvyü (0.005) dba (0.262) ं dmaà (0.008) ििः driù (0.002) े dvye (0.003) ा dbä (0.064) ः dmaù (0.007) िी dré (0.105) ो dvyo (0.004) ि dbi (0.014) ा dmä (0.033) ि dréà (0.006) dvra (0.018) ी dbé (0.009) ि dmi (0.046) िु dru (0.586) ध dha (9.958) ु dbu (0.061) ी dmé (0.002) िू drü (0.048) ध ं dhaà (0.329) ृ dbå (0.006) े dme (0.007) िःू drüù (0.002) धः dhaù (0.215) ो dbo (0.002) ै dmai (0.003) िे dre (0.205) धा dhä (3.588) dbra (0.167) ो dmo (0.016) ि ै drai (0.015) धा ं dhäà (0.111) ा dbrä (0.057) dmya (0.002) िःै draiù (0.004) धाः dhäù (0.172) ु dbru (0.003) dya (3.191) िो dro (1.160) िध dhi (4.220) ू dbrü (0.049) ं dyaà (0.066) िौ drau (0.531) िध ं dhià (0.060)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 87 िधः dhiù (0.080) ा dhyä (0.647) न ं naà (5.274) िं nkià (0.028) धी dhé (0.828) ा ं dhyäà (0.034) नः naù (4.955) ी nké (0.012) ध dhéà (0.003) ाः dhyäù (0.011) ना nä (14.775) ु nku (0.146) धीः dhéù (0.037) ु dhyu (0.011) ना ं näà (3.776) ू nkü (0.006) ध ु dhu (0.696) ू dhyü (0.004) नाः näù (0.803) ृ nkå (0.106) ध ंु dhuà (0.004) े dhye (0.418) िन ni (13.930) े nke (0.052) धःु dhuù (0.033) ै dhyai (0.008) िन ं nià (0.112) ै nkai (0.003) ध ू dhü (0.239) ो dhyo (0.037) िनः niù (0.445) ो nko (0.018) ध ूं dhüà (0.009) ौ dhyau (0.013) नी né (2.543) ौ nkau (0.027) धःू dhüù (0.004) ी dhra (0.038) न néà (0.207) nkra (0.012) ध ृ dhå (1.144) ी ं dhraà (0.003) नीः néù (0.008) ि nkri (0.004) ध े dhe (0.767) ीः dhraù (0.003) न ु nu (4.922) ी nkré (0.005) धःे dheù (0.011) ीा dhrä (0.016) न ंु nuà (0.051) ु nkru (0.023) ध ै dhai (0.238) ीाः dhräù (0.008) नःु nuù (0.193) ू nkrü (0.004) धःै dhaiù (0.093) िी dhri (0.022) न ू nü (0.215) ो nkro (0.018) धो dho (0.285) ीी dhré (0.003) न ूं nüà (0.032) े nkle (0.011) धोः dhoù (0.003) ी ु dhru (0.226) न ृ nå (1.604) nkva (0.010) धौ dhau (0.184) ी े dhre (0.007) न ॄ nè (0.013) nkña (0.062) dhna (0.007) ी ै dhrai (0.002) न े ne (3.996) ा nkñä (0.003) ा dhnä (0.009) ीो dhro (0.005) नःे neù (0.050) ि nkñi (0.027) ी dhné (0.006) dhrya (0.003) न ै nai (1.206) ी nkñé (0.004) ु dhnu (0.004) dhva (0.607) नःै naiù (0.244) ु nkñu (0.011) ो dhno (0.006) ं dhvaà (0.163) नो no (2.727) े nkñe (0.006) dhma (0.010) ा dhvä (0.049) नोः noù (0.051) nkha (0.019) ा dhmä (0.021) ि dhvi (0.045) नौ nau (0.471) ा nkhä (0.004) ु dhmu (0.010) ी dhvé (0.023) nka (0.221) ा nkhyä (0.002) ःु dhmuù (0.008) dhvéà (0.004) ं nkaà (0.004) nga (0.145) ौ dhmau (0.012) े dhve (0.003) ः nkaù (0.002) ा ngä (0.028) dhya (1.384) dhvya (0.003) ा nkä (0.150) ा ं ngäà (0.002) ं dhyaà (0.086) न ् n (4.127) ा ं nkäà (0.006) ि ngi (0.016) ः dhyaù (0.028) न na (33.988) ि nki (0.024) ु ngu (0.062)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 88 ृ ngå (0.028) ःै ntaiù (0.011) ं ntvaà (0.007) ौ ndau (0.011) ो ngo (0.015) ो nto (0.703) ा ntvä (0.006) ि nddhi (0.002) ौ ngau (0.006) ोः ntoù (0.007) ि ntvi (0.018) ndya (0.045) ngra (0.006) ौ ntau (0.162) े ntve (0.018) ं ndyaà (0.004) ा ngrä (0.007) ntya (0.356) ntvya (0.007) ा ndyä (0.024) ngla (0.003) ं ntyaà (0.017) ntha (0.013) ा ं ndyäà (0.004) ngha (0.002) ः ntyaù (0.027) ं nthaà (0.002) ु ndyu (0.008) ा nghä (0.002) ा ntyä (0.141) ा nthä (0.081) ू ndyü (0.004) ृ nghå (0.003) ा ं ntyäà (0.009) ाः nthäù (0.012) ndra (1.143) ो ngho (0.036) ाः ntyäù (0.030) ि nthi (0.017) ं ndraà (0.094) nghna (0.007) ु ntyu (0.095) ि ं nthià (0.003) ः ndraù (0.069) nta (3.739) े ntye (0.071) ी nthé (0.002) ा ndrä (0.216) ं ntaà (0.936) ै ntyai (0.009) ु nthu (0.002) ा ं ndräà (0.005) ः ntaù (0.482) ो ntyo (0.035) nda (1.230) ाः ndräù (0.019) ा ntä (0.678) ौ ntyau (0.027) ं ndaà (0.052) ि ndri (0.495) ा ं ntäà (0.078) ntra (0.226) ः ndaù (0.043) ी ndré (0.013) ाः ntäù (0.054) ं ntraà (0.044) ा ndä (0.235) ndréà (0.004) ि nti (3.158) ः ntraù (0.008) ा ं ndäà (0.023) ु ndru (0.018) ि ं ntià (0.025) ा nträ (0.041) ाः ndäù (0.011) े ndre (0.115) िः ntiù (0.015) ाः nträù (0.005) ि ndi (0.253) ै ndrai (0.018) ी nté (0.590) ि ntri (0.120) ि ं ndià (0.002) ःै ndraiù (0.005) ntéà (0.103) ी ntré (0.019) ी ndé (0.060) ो ndro (0.184) ीः ntéù (0.003) ntréà (0.002) ndu (0.175) ौ ndrau (0.027) ु ntu (0.374) े ntre (0.023) ं nduà (0.005) ndva (0.008) ंु ntuà (0.117) ै ntrai (0.020) ः nduù (0.018) ा ndvä (0.010) ःु ntuù (0.020) ःै ntraiù (0.005) ndü (0.011) ि ndvi (0.056) ू ntü (0.011) ो ntro (0.020) ndå (0.127) ी ndvé (0.003) ृ ntå (0.008) ौ ntrau (0.003) े nde (0.262) े ndve (0.004) ॄ ntè (0.005) ntrya (0.080) ै ndai (0.020) ै ndvai (0.003) े nte (1.610) ा ntryä (0.005) ःै ndaiù (0.004) ndha (1.315) ै ntai (0.030) ntva (0.095) ो ndo (0.088) ं ndhaà (0.060)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 89 ः ndhaù (0.028) nna (1.954) ा nprä (0.129) ु nbhru (0.002) ा ndhä (0.399) ं nnaà (0.281) ि npri (0.013) nma (1.705) ा ं ndhäà (0.018) ः nnaù (0.132) ी npré (0.023) ा nmä (0.245) ाः ndhäù (0.011) ा nnä (0.852) े npre (0.032) ा ं nmäà (0.095) ि ndhi (0.098) ा ं nnäà (0.027) ै nprai (0.002) ि nmi (0.053) ी ndhé (0.040) ाः nnäù (0.062) ो npro (0.002) ी nmé (0.004) ु ndhu (0.193) ि nni (0.932) npla (0.003) ु nmu (0.167) ंु ndhuà (0.004) िः nniù (0.023) npha (0.011) ू nmü (0.061) ःु ndhuù (0.005) ी nné (0.027) ु nphu (0.002) ृ nmå (0.094) ू ndhü (0.026) ु nnu (0.090) nba (0.185) े nme (0.285) ूं ndhüà (0.003) ू nnü (0.011) ा nbä (0.091) ै nmai (0.017) ृ ndhå (0.035) ृ nnå (0.138) ि nbi (0.009) ो nmo (0.073) े ndhe (0.056) ॄ nnè (0.002) ी nbé (0.004) ौ nmau (0.005) ै ndhai (0.027) े nne (0.266) ु nbu (0.022) nmya (0.004) ःै ndhaiù (0.007) ै nnai (0.083) ृ nbå (0.008) े nmle (0.006) ो ndho (0.064) ःै nnaiù (0.015) nbra (0.056) nya (2.823) ौ ndhau (0.005) ो nno (0.166) ा nbrä (0.052) ं nyaà (0.449) ndhya (0.022) ौ nnau (0.026) ु nbru (0.002) ः nyaù (0.144) ं ndhyaà (0.015) nnya (0.018) ू nbrü (0.010) ा nyä (1.234) ः ndhyaù (0.004) ा nnyä (0.009) nbha (0.174) ा ं nyäà (0.179) ा ndhyä (0.013) npa (0.404) ा nbhä (0.059) ाः nyäù (0.056) ो ndhyo (0.010) ा npä (0.318) ि nbhi (0.013) ु nyu (0.449) ndhra (0.008) ि npi (0.066) ी nbhé (0.095) ंु nyuà (0.040) ं ndhraà (0.003) ी npé (0.011) ु nbhu (0.034) ःु nyuù (0.038) ा ndhrä (0.007) ु npu (0.261) ू nbhü (0.053) ू nyü (0.023) ि ndhri (0.009) ू npü (0.052) ृ nbhå (0.023) े nye (1.044) ी ndhré (0.009) ृ npå (0.063) े nbhe (0.007) ै nyai (0.094) ndhréà (0.003) े npe (0.002) ै nbhai (0.011) ःै nyaiù (0.032) ु ndhru (0.003) ै npai (0.002) ो nbho (0.021) ो nyo (0.587) ा ndhryä (0.004) ौ npau (0.013) nbhra (0.005) ोः nyoù (0.008) ndhva (0.011) npra (0.512) ा nbhrä (0.046) ौ nyau (0.022)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 90 ु nra (0.256) ू nsü (0.037) nhra (0.003) ाः ptäù (0.058) ुा nrä (0.226) ृ nså (0.021) ि nhri (0.002) ि pti (0.061) िु nri (0.006) े nse (0.015) ी nhré (0.002) ि ं ptià (0.018) ु ु nru (0.031) ै nsai (0.013) प pa (26.171) िः ptiù (0.011) ु ू nrü (0.007) ो nso (0.032) प ं paà (0.653) ु ptu (0.024) ुो nro (0.006) ौ nsau (0.013) पः paù (0.756) ंु ptuà (0.031) ुौ nrau (0.006) nsta (0.002) पा pä (11.981) ृ ptå (0.007) nva (0.771) ि nstri (0.004) पा ं päà (0.151) े pte (0.160) ं nvaà (0.004) ी nstré (0.008) पाः päù (0.342) ै ptai (0.042) ा nvä (0.356) nstha (0.002) िप pi (6.104) ःै ptaiù (0.011) ि nvi (1.065) ा nsthä (0.015) िप ं pià (0.011) ो pto (0.242) ी nvé (0.116) ि nsthi (0.021) िपः più (0.009) ौ ptau (0.032) ृ nvå (0.054) ा nsnä (0.003) पी pé (0.615) ptya (0.004) े nve (0.129) ृ nspå (0.006) प péà (0.008) ा ptyä (0.008) ै nvai (0.145) nsma (0.016) प ु pu (9.385) ptra (0.002) ो nvo (0.008) ा nsyä (0.007) प ंु puà (0.218) ा ptvä (0.034) nvya (0.042) nsva (0.071) पःु puù (0.053) pna (0.021) ा nvyä (0.035) ा nsvä (0.018) प ू pü (2.259) ं pnaà (0.005) ु nvyu (0.002) ा ं nsväà (0.002) प ूं püà (0.005) ा pnä (0.011) ू nvyü (0.004) े nsve (0.010) प ृ på (1.666) ु pnu (0.307) े nvye (0.004) nha (0.194) प े pe (1.146) े pne (0.014) nvra (0.008) ं nhaà (0.006) प ै pai (0.211) ो pno (0.249) ी nvré (0.003) ा nhä (0.008) पःै paiù (0.068) ppa (0.006) nña (0.007) ि nhi (0.071) पो po (0.936) pma (0.009) ो nño (0.002) िं nhià (0.004) पोः poù (0.003) ा pmä (0.045) nsa (1.136) ी nhé (0.003) पौ pau (0.437) pya (1.701) ं nsaà (0.207) nhu (0.004) pta (0.979) ं pyaà (0.035) ा nsä (0.097) nhå (0.033) ं ptaà (0.321) ः pyaù (0.004) ि nsi (0.013) े nhe (0.019) ः ptaù (0.141) ा pyä (0.145) ि ं nsià (0.014) ै nhai (0.003) ा ptä (0.483) ाः pyäù (0.003) ु nsu (0.168) nhya (0.003) ा ं ptäà (0.043) ु pyu (0.204)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 91 ू pyü (0.003) psya (0.191) ि bdi (0.009) ॄ ू brü (0.352) ृ pyå (0.005) ा psyä (0.030) े bde (0.081) भ bha (10.255) े pye (0.158) े psye (0.013) ै bdai (0.016) भ ं bhaà (0.215) ै pyai (0.017) ि psvi (0.002) ःै bdaiù (0.005) भः bhaù (0.233) ो pyo (0.008) फ pha (1.023) ो bdo (0.060) भा bhä (5.296) ू pra (14.175) फा phä (0.017) bdya (0.002) भा ं bhäà (0.097) ू ं praà (0.170) फु phu (0.015) bdha (0.160) भाः bhäù (0.187) ूः praù (0.034) फे phe (0.035) ं bdhaà (0.040) िभ bhi (5.034) ूा prä (4.105) ब ba (5.249) ः bdhaù (0.033) िभ ं bhià (0.003) ूा ं präà (0.018) ब ं baà (0.003) ा bdhä (0.094) िभः bhiù (1.731) ूाः präù (0.033) बः baù (0.003) ा ं bdhäà (0.002) भी bhé (3.129) िू pri (0.820) बा bä (2.159) ाः bdhäù (0.028) भ bhéà (0.003) ूी pré (0.603) िब bi (0.381) ि bdhi (0.003) भीः bhéù (0.016) ू े pre (0.835) िबः biù (0.002) ु bdhu (0.004) भ ु bhu (0.977) ू ै prai (0.049) बी bé (0.184) ंु bdhuà (0.003) भ ंु bhuà (0.009) ूःै praiù (0.012) ब béà (0.002) े bdhe (0.027) भःु bhuù (0.267) ूो pro (0.320) ब ु bu (1.305) ै bdhai (0.008) भ ू bhü (3.871) ूौ prau (0.006) ब ंु buà (0.002) ःै bdhaiù (0.002) भःू bhüù (0.023) pla (0.116) ब ृ bå (0.343) ो bdho (0.040) भ ृ bhå (1.091) ा plä (0.013) ब ृं båà (0.026) ौ bdhau (0.021) भ े bhe (0.838) ु plu (0.170) ब े be (0.071) ा bdhvä (0.090) भ ै bhai (0.179) िप्ष pñi (0.003) बो bo (0.257) े bdhve (0.005) भःै bhaiù (0.068) psa (0.288) bja (0.005) ि bbi (0.002) भो bho (1.052) ा psä (0.013) ा bjä (0.004) bbha (0.006) भोः bhoù (0.020) ा ं psäà (0.003) े bje (0.003) bya (0.011) भौ bhau (0.450) ि psi (0.100) bda (0.112) ं byaà (0.004) bhya (1.520) ु psu (0.070) ं bdaà (0.054) ा byä (0.011) ं bhyaà (0.044) ंु psuà (0.007) ः bdaù (0.066) ो byo (0.003) ः bhyaù (0.274) ःु psuù (0.011) ा bdä (0.040) ॄ bra (2.693) ा bhyä (0.312) ू psü (0.008) ा ं bdäà (0.006) ॄा brä (1.213) ा ं bhyäà (0.473) े pse (0.019) ाः bdäù (0.008) ॄ ु bru (0.330) ाः bhyäù (0.002)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 92 ु bhyu (0.136) म ू mü (1.049) ा mbä (0.039) ु myu (0.016) े bhye (0.109) म ूं müà (0.029) ा ं mbäà (0.004) े mye (0.113) ै bhyai (0.002) मःू müù (0.028) ि mbi (0.045) ै myai (0.011) ो bhyo (0.367) म ृ må (1.945) ु mbu (0.151) ो myo (0.028) ॅ bhra (0.262) म े me (7.397) ू mbü (0.063) ौ myau (0.009) ॅ ं bhraà (0.034) मःे meù (0.006) े mbe (0.025) ॆ mra (0.028) ॅा bhrä (0.815) म ै mai (0.385) ै mbai (0.003) ॆ ं mraà (0.002) ॅाः bhräù (0.002) मःै maiù (0.133) ो mbo (0.086) ॆा mrä (0.059) िॅ bhri (0.003) मो mo (2.152) ौ mbau (0.002) ॆा ं mräà (0.002) ॅ ु bhru (0.056) म moà (0.003) mbya (0.013) िॆ mri (0.028) ॅःु bhruù (0.002) मौ mau (0.497) mbha (0.186) ॆ े mre (0.004) ॅ ू bhrü (0.026) ा mëä (0.020) ं mbhaà (0.022) ॆो mro (0.003) ॅःू bhrüù (0.006) mna (0.184) ः mbhaù (0.024) ः mlaù (0.002) ॅ े bhre (0.026) ं mnaà (0.062) ा mbhä (0.066) ा mlä (0.011) ॅ ै bhrai (0.003) ः mnaù (0.037) ा ं mbhäà (0.004) ु mlu (0.006) ॅःै bhraiù (0.002) ा mnä (0.111) ाः mbhäù (0.006) े mle (0.037) म ् m (16.935) ा ं mnäà (0.007) ि mbhi (0.020) ो mlo (0.002) म ma (45.657) ि mni (0.027) ी mbhé (0.045) य ya (28.723) म ं maà (1.634) ी mné (0.004) ु mbhu (0.006) य ं yaà (4.029) मः maù (1.423) े mne (0.035) ू mbhü (0.002) यः yaù (2.785) मा mä (19.026) ै mnai (0.007) े mbhe (0.026) या yä (11.137) मा ं mäà (1.254) ो mno (0.065) ै mbhai (0.003) या ं yäà (0.805) माः mäù (0.502) mpa (0.172) ःै mbhaiù (0.003) याः yäù (0.521) िम mi (7.968) ा mpä (0.015) ो mbho (0.068) िय yi (1.800) िम ं mià (0.079) ा ं mpäà (0.006) ौ mbhau (0.002) यी yé (0.141) िमः miù (0.037) ि mpi (0.028) mya (1.664) य yéà (0.023) मी mé (0.793) ी mpé (0.004) ं myaà (0.067) य ु yu (6.577) म méà (0.011) े mpe (0.016) ः myaù (0.013) य ंु yuà (0.013) म ु mu (7.289) mba (0.309) ा myä (0.158) यःु yuù (0.249) म ंु muà (0.009) ं mbaà (0.015) ा ं myäà (0.030) य ू yü (0.216) मःु muù (0.018) ः mbaù (0.008) ाः myäù (0.008) य ूं yüà (0.004)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 93 य े ye (3.733) र réà (0.105) खः rkhaù (0.004) िघ rghi (0.002) यःे yeù (0.013) रीः réù (0.004) खा rkhä (0.003) घ ृ rghå (0.008) य ै yai (0.421) ru (6.197) ख rkhe (0.002) घ rghe (0.016) यःै yaiù (0.139) ं ruà (0.094) ख rkho (0.004) घ rgho (0.122) यो yo (5.188) ः ruù (0.088) या rkhyä (0.004) घ rghau (0.003) योः yoù (0.351) rü (1.730) ग rga (0.821) न rghna (0.003) यौ yau (0.566) ं rüà (0.017) ग rgaà (0.165) य rghya (0.011) yya (0.066) rå (0.052) गः rgaù (0.036) य rghyaà (0.015) ं yyaà (0.037) र े re (4.418) गा rgä (0.193) या rghyä (0.007) ः yyaù (0.002) रःे reù (0.030) गा rgäà (0.009) rìga (0.023) ा yyä (0.052) र ै rai (0.761) गाः rgäù (0.008) rìgaà (0.002) ा ं yyäà (0.007) रःै raiù (0.809) िग rgi (0.026) ा rìgä (0.003) ाः yyäù (0.002) रो ro (3.464) गी rgé (0.006) च rca (0.187) ु yyu (0.006) र roà (0.002) ग ु rgu (0.141) चा rcä (0.010) े yye (0.016) रोः roù (0.033) ग ू rgü (0.002) चाः rcäù (0.003) ो yyo (0.003) रौ rau (0.587) ग ृ rgå (0.038) िच rci (0.139) ौ yyau (0.010) क rka (0.254) ग rge (0.162) िचः rciù (0.008) yva (0.009) क rkaà (0.012) ग rgai (0.006) ची rcé (0.006) ा yvä (0.003) कः rkaù (0.007) गः rgaiù (0.002) च ु rcu (0.003) ा ं yväà (0.002) का rkä (0.013) ग rgo (0.074) चःु rcuù (0.002) ी yvé (0.002) िक rki (0.002) ग rgau (0.010) च rce (0.005) र ra (31.164) क rke (0.013) ग्य rgya (0.008) rccha (0.011) रं raà (3.866) क rkai (0.003) ग्य rgyaà (0.010) ि rcchi (0.010) रः raù (2.508) क rko (0.014) ग्यः rgyaù (0.003) rcche (0.003) रा rä (19.451) क rkau (0.002) म rgra (0.021) य rcya (0.033) रा ं räà (0.436) य rkya (0.003) मा rgrä (0.008) य rcyaà (0.002) राः räù (0.864) rkña (0.009) घ rgha (0.167) छ rcha (0.037) िर ri (6.138) rkñya (0.017) घ rghaà (0.015) छा rchä (0.003) िरं rià (0.254) rkñyaà (0.002) घः rghaù (0.002) िछ rchi (0.035) िरः riù (0.069) ः rkñyaù (0.003) घा rghä (0.042) छ rche (0.004) री ré (1.704) ख rkha (0.004) घा rghäà (0.003) ज rja (0.748)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 94 ज rjaà (0.005) य rëya (0.025) ः rtyaù (0.015) दः rdaù (0.011) जा rjä (0.083) य rëyaà (0.016) ा rtyä (0.043) दा rdä (0.091) िज rji (0.383) य rëye (0.005) ाः rtyäù (0.006) िद rdi (0.337) जी rjé (0.025) त rta (2.305) rtye (0.016) दी rdé (0.038) ज ु rju (0.983) त rtaà (0.083) rtyai (0.002) rdu (0.054) ज rje (0.007) तः rtaù (0.031) rtyo (0.011) ः rduù (0.035) ज rjai (0.004) ता rtä (0.550) ऽा rträ (0.015) rdü (0.207) ज्ञा rjïä (0.020) ता rtäà (0.023) ऽ rtre (0.006) rdå (0.068) ज्ञ rjïe (0.008) ताः rtäù (0.021) ा rtvä (0.011) द rde (0.180) य rjya (0.008) ित rti (0.546) ि rtvi (0.011) द rdai (0.015) या rjyä (0.018) ित rtià (0.047) rtsa (0.016) द rdo (0.018) या rjyäà (0.003) ितः rtiù (0.019) rtsnye (0.032) rddha (0.003) याः rjyäù (0.002) ती rté (0.016) rtsya (0.004) ि rddhi (0.009) य rjye (0.009) त ु rtu (0.235) थ rtha (1.545) ि rddhià (0.002) य rjyo (0.009) त ु rtuà (0.131) थ rthaà (0.883) िः rddhiù (0.002) व rjva (0.020) तःु rtuù (0.026) थः rthaù (0.172) rdya (0.010) झ rjha (0.013) त ृ rtå (0.064) था rthä (0.531) ु rdyu (0.003) ण rëa (1.279) तॄ rtè (0.009) था rthäà (0.037) ू rdyü (0.016) ण rëaà (0.631) तॄ rtèà (0.002) थाः rthäù (0.072) rdyau (0.005) णः rëaù (0.165) त rte (0.140) िथ rthi (0.704) ि rdra (0.036) णा rëä (0.468) त rtai (0.008) थी rthé (0.076) ि rdraà (0.004) णा rëäà (0.067) तः rtaiù (0.004) थ rthe (0.534) िा rdrä (0.006) णाः rëäù (0.040) त rto (0.050) थ rthai (0.030) िु rdru (0.015) िण rëi (0.122) त rtau (0.004) थः rthaiù (0.015) ि rdre (0.003) णी rëé (0.013) ा rttä (0.002) थ rtho (0.251) ि rdro (0.039) ण ु rëu (0.003) ि rtti (0.031) थ rthau (0.031) ि rdrau (0.024) ण rëe (0.232) rtma (0.024) rthya (0.013) rdva (0.009) ण rëai (0.044) ा rtmä (0.014) rthyaà (0.011) rdvaà (0.030) णः rëaiù (0.013) rtme (0.003) ा rthyä (0.006) ा rdvä (0.022) ण rëo (0.259) rtya (0.083) द rda (0.797) ि rdvi (0.069) ण rëau (0.021) rtyaà (0.004) द rdaà (0.021) ी rdvé (0.002)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 95 rdve (0.004) न ु rnu (0.003) ॄ ू rbrü (0.005) म ू rmü (0.024) rdvai (0.006) न ू rnü (0.006) भ rbha (0.425) म ृ rmå (0.048) ध rdha (0.980) न ृ rnå (0.079) भ rbhaà (0.040) म rme (0.526) ध rdhaà (0.181) न rne (0.017) भः rbhaù (0.020) म rmai (0.018) धा rdhä (0.117) न rnai (0.017) भा rbhä (0.171) मः rmaiù (0.002) िध rdhi (0.044) न rno (0.015) भा rbhäà (0.004) म rmo (0.327) धी rdhé (0.026) rnya (0.018) िभ rbhi (0.157) म rmau (0.013) ध ु rdhu (0.008) ा rnyä (0.004) िभः rbhiù (0.022) rmya (0.020) ध ू rdhü (0.008) प rpa (0.311) भी rbhé (0.115) rmyaà (0.030) ध ृ rdhå (0.026) प rpaà (0.021) भ rbhéà (0.003) ा rmyä (0.015) ध rdhe (0.032) पः rpaù (0.010) भ ु rbhu (0.040) ा rmyäà (0.005) ध rdhai (0.003) पा rpä (0.054) भ ू rbhü (0.153) ाः rmyäù (0.003) ध rdho (0.003) पा rpäà (0.003) भ ृ rbhå (0.054) rmye (0.003) ध rdhau (0.003) पाः rpäù (0.004) भ rbhe (0.030) rmyo (0.003) ा rdhnä (0.018) िप rpi (0.087) भ rbhai (0.007) rmyau (0.002) ि rdhni (0.042) िपः rpiù (0.002) भ rbho (0.039) rmle (0.002) rdhnya (0.003) प rpéà (0.002) भ rbhau (0.003) य rya (2.690) ु rdhnyu (0.003) प rpe (0.011) ा rbhyä (0.010) य ryaà (0.538) ा rdhyä (0.015) प rpai (0.003) ा rbhyäà (0.019) यः ryaù (0.148) rdhye (0.003) पः rpaiù (0.003) ॅ rbhra (0.004) या ryä (1.153) ी rdhra (0.015) प rpo (0.021) ॅा rbhrä (0.038) या ryäà (0.136) ी ु rdhru (0.016) rpya (0.009) म rma (5.310) याः ryäù (0.060) rdhva (0.121) ब rba (0.342) म rmaà (0.314) य ु ryu (0.364) rdhvaà (0.060) बा rbä (0.223) मः rmaù (0.201) यःु ryuù (0.008) ा rdhvä (0.004) िब rbi (0.020) मा rmä (1.544) य ू ryü (0.007) न rna (0.395) बी rbé (0.004) मा rmäà (0.042) य rye (0.370) नः rnaù (0.003) ब ु rbu (0.122) माः rmäù (0.018) य ryai (0.035) ना rnä (0.231) ब ृ rbå (0.016) िम rmi (0.295) यः ryaiù (0.013) िन rni (0.338) ब rbo (0.002) िमः rmiù (0.002) य ryo (1.074) िनः rniù (0.006) ॄ rbra (0.066) मी rmé (0.017) य ryau (0.034) नी rné (0.009) ॄा rbrä (0.040) म ु rmu (0.416) ल rla (0.145)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 96 ला rlä (0.004) श rçaà (0.030) ष rñe (0.319) rhå (0.059) िल rli (0.005) शः rçaù (0.015) षः rñeù (0.023) ह rhe (0.057) rlu (0.002) शा rçä (0.059) ष rñai (0.045) ह rhai (0.009) ल rle (0.004) शा rçäà (0.003) षः rñaiù (0.015) हः rhaiù (0.003) ल rlo (0.065) िश rçi (0.208) ष rño (0.052) ह rho (0.041) व rva (5.245) शी rçé (0.030) ष rñau (0.011) ह rhau (0.004) व rvaà (1.004) श rçe (0.024) ि rñöi (0.023) rhya (0.008) वः rvaù (0.047) श rçai (0.007) ा rñëä (0.008) ा rhyä (0.002) वा rvä (1.843) शः rçaiù (0.004) ि rñëi (0.030) rhye (0.004) वा rväà (0.127) श rço (0.018) ि rñëià (0.011) rhyo (0.003) वाः rväù (0.141) श rçau (0.002) िः rñëiù (0.006) ॑ा rhrä (0.008) िव rvi (0.880) ँय rçya (0.011) rñëe (0.117) ि॑ rhri (0.004) िव rvià (0.019) rçva (0.047) rñëya (0.003) ॑ी rhré (0.004) वी rvé (0.165) rçvaà (0.011) rñma (0.004) ल la (7.269) व rvéà (0.035) ा rçvä (0.005) ा rñmä (0.005) लं laà (1.999) व ृ rvå (0.209) rçve (0.037) rñya (0.004) लः laù (0.844) व rve (1.751) ष rña (2.373) ा rñyä (0.014) ला lä (2.847) व rvai (0.229) ष rñaà (0.155) ा rñyäà (0.002) ला ं läà (0.179) वः rvaiù (0.076) षः rñaù (0.056) ु rñyu (0.003) लाः läù (0.361) व rvo (0.126) षा rñä (0.279) rñva (0.002) िल li (1.317) व rvau (0.004) षा rñäà (0.006) ा rñvä (0.002) िलं lià (0.049) rvya (0.039) षाः rñäù (0.009) ह rha (0.992) िलः liù (0.097) ा rvyä (0.056) िष rñi (0.504) ह rhaà (0.038) ली lé (0.564) ा rvyäà (0.015) िष rñià (0.020) हः rhaù (0.028) ल léà (0.024) ु rvyu (0.003) िषः rñiù (0.050) हा rhä (0.109) लीः léù (0.003) ू rvyü (0.009) षी rñé (0.118) हा rhäà (0.004) lu (0.256) rvye (0.020) ष rñéà (0.004) हाः rhäù (0.010) ं luà (0.004) rvyo (0.003) षीः rñéù (0.013) िह rhi (0.294) ः luù (0.004) ो rvra (0.011) ष ु rñu (0.045) िह rhià (0.003) lü (0.079) ोी rvré (0.002) षःु rñuù (0.015) ही rhé (0.024) ले le (1.900) श rça (1.043) ष ू rñü (0.004) rhu (0.009) लःे leù (0.006)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 97 ल ै lai (0.208) lbha (0.002) ैः llaiù (0.023) vya (2.749) लःै laiù (0.120) ं lbhaà (0.002) ो llo (0.233) ं vyaà (0.550) लो lo (3.809) ो lbhyo (0.003) lva (0.083) ः vyaù (0.079) लौ lau (0.150) lma (0.078) ं lvaà (0.013) ा vyä (1.911) lka (0.037) ा lmä (0.021) ः lvaù (0.006) ा ं vyäà (0.114) ं lkaà (0.009) ा ं lmäà (0.002) ा lvä (0.009) ाः vyäù (0.051) ः lkaù (0.002) ाः lmäù (0.002) ाः lväù (0.002) ु vyu (0.070) ा lkä (0.045) ी lmé (0.026) ि lvi (0.005) ू vyü (0.182) ा ं lkäà (0.004) ु lmu (0.009) े lve (0.017) े vye (0.149) ाः lkäù (0.008) lya (0.404) ो lvo (0.006) ै vyai (0.043) े lke (0.011) ं lyaà (0.140) व va (40.068) ःै vyaiù (0.009) lkya (0.011) ः lyaù (0.068) व ं vaà (2.581) ो vyo (0.165) lga (0.027) ा lyä (0.331) वः vaù (1.693) ौ vyau (0.022) ि lgi (0.004) ा ं lyäà (0.009) वा vä (20.321) ो vra (0.898) ु lgu (0.199) ाः lyäù (0.009) वा ं väà (0.447) ो ं vraà (0.035) lpa (0.353) ि lyi (0.003) वाः väù (0.775) ोः vraù (0.004) ं lpaà (0.053) े lye (0.068) िव vi (19.940) ोा vrä (0.092) ः lpaù (0.017) ै lyai (0.023) िव ं vià (0.192) ोा ं vräà (0.002) ा lpä (0.098) ःै lyaiù (0.003) िवः viù (0.062) िो vri (0.007) ा ं lpäà (0.003) ो lyo (0.107) वी vé (4.285) ोी vré (0.052) ाः lpäù (0.009) ौ lyau (0.014) व véà (0.242) ो ु vru (0.028) ि lpi (0.090) lla (0.107) व ु vu (0.303) ोःु vruù (0.011) ी lpé (0.005) ं llaà (0.005) वःु vuù (0.076) ो ू vrü (0.003) े lpe (0.068) ा llä (0.045) व ू vü (0.013) ो े vre (0.036) ै lpai (0.014) ा ं lläà (0.004) व ृ vå (3.514) ोो vro (0.003) ःै lpaiù (0.010) ाः lläù (0.003) व े ve (5.173) श ça (14.150) ो lpo (0.028) ि lli (0.012) वःे veù (0.006) श ं çaà (2.201) ौ lpau (0.004) ी llé (0.008) व ै vai (3.670) शः çaù (1.197) lpya (0.011) ु llu (0.004) वःै vaiù (0.269) शा çä (3.669) lba (0.023) े lle (0.083) वो vo (1.523) शा ं çäà (0.577) ि lbi (0.071) ै llai (0.035) वौ vau (0.227) शाः çäù (0.195)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 98 िश çi (3.155) ँछा çchä (0.024) ौ çra (1.066) ःै çvaiù (0.017) िश ं çià (0.008) िँछ çchi (0.114) ौ ं çraà (0.008) ो çvo (0.074) िशः çiù (0.002) ँछे çche (0.008) ौः çraù (0.003) ौ çvau (0.006) शी çé (1.011) çna (0.046) ौा çrä (0.310) ष ña (5.278) श çéà (0.026) ं çnaà (0.029) ौाः çräù (0.003) ष ं ñaà (0.481) शीः çéù (0.009) ः çnaù (0.004) िौ çri (0.589) षः ñaù (0.391) श ु çu (2.490) ा çnä (0.045) ौी çré (0.271) षा ñä (1.793) श ंु çuà (0.019) ि çni (0.004) ौीः çréù (0.016) षा ं ñäà (1.306) शःु çuù (0.100) ी çné (0.027) ौ ु çru (1.514) षाः ñäù (0.106) श ू çü (0.970) ु çnu (0.125) ौःु çruù (0.003) िष ñi (1.413) श ूं çüà (0.007) े çne (0.004) ौ ू çrü (0.291) िष ं ñià (0.051) çå (0.633) ो çno (0.011) ौ ूं çrüà (0.004) िषः ñiù (0.083) श े çe (1.399) ँम çma (0.237) ौ े çre (1.154) षी ñé (0.389) श ै çai (0.433) ँमा çmä (0.030) ौ ै çrai (0.009) ष ñéà (0.036) शःै çaiù (0.054) िँम çmi (0.079) ौो çro (0.301) षीः ñéù (0.003) शो ço (1.859) िँमः çmiù (0.007) ौौ çrau (0.059) ष ु ñu (3.291) शौ çau (0.237) ँमी çmé (0.023) ा çrvä (0.003) ष ंु ñuà (0.012) çca (8.652) ँम çméà (0.002) çla (0.035) षःु ñuù (0.029) ा çcä (1.713) ँा çmyä (0.007) ा çlä (0.044) ष ू ñü (0.081) ि çci (0.957) ँय çya (2.302) ि çli (0.047) ष े ñe (0.813) ी çcé (0.012) ँय ं çyaà (0.131) े çle (0.020) षःे ñeù (0.011) ु çcu (0.016) ँयः çyaù (0.026) ो çlo (0.057) ष ै ñai (0.091) ू çcü (0.009) ँया çyä (0.517) çva (2.177) षःै ñaiù (0.037) े çce (0.207) ँया ं çyäà (0.013) ं çvaà (0.083) षो ño (0.567) ै çcai (1.271) ँयाः çyäù (0.018) ः çvaù (0.038) षोः ñoù (0.002) ो çco (0.143) िँय çyi (0.002) ा çvä (0.600) षौ ñau (0.024) ौ çcau (0.016) ँय े çye (0.205) ा ं çväà (0.046) ñka (0.321) çcya (0.016) ँय ै çyai (0.020) ाः çväù (0.017) ं ñkaà (0.008) ा çcyä (0.003) ँयःै çyaiù (0.002) ि çvi (0.091) ा ñkä (0.032) ु çcyu (0.024) ँयो çyo (0.037) े çve (0.254) ा ं ñkäà (0.002) ँछ çcha (0.040) ँयौ çyau (0.003) ै çvai (0.052) ि ñki (0.008)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 99 ी ñké (0.003) ा ं ñöyäà (0.006) े ñöhe (0.230) ं ñpaà (0.015) ु ñku (0.015) े ñöye (0.004) ै ñöhai (0.015) ः ñpaù (0.002) ृ ñkå (0.155) ñöra (0.520) ःै ñöhaiù (0.003) ा ñpä (0.081) े ñke (0.012) ं ñöraà (0.142) ो ñöho (0.190) ि ñpi (0.071) ै ñkai (0.006) ः ñöraù (0.045) ौ ñöhau (0.016) ु ñpu (0.003) ैः ñkaiù (0.002) ा ñörä (0.204) ñöhya (0.003) ू ñpü (0.002) ो ñko (0.009) ा ं ñöräà (0.006) ं ñöhyaà (0.006) े ñpe (0.025) ñkya (0.002) ाः ñöräù (0.024) ा ñöhyä (0.002) ै ñpai (0.008) ñkra (0.030) ि ñöri (0.011) ा ं ñöhyäà (0.003) ःै ñpaiù (0.006) ा ñkrä (0.021) ी ñöré (0.008) ñëa (0.589) ो ñpo (0.009) ि ñkri (0.009) ñöréà (0.003) ं ñëaà (0.081) ñpra (0.044) ñöa (1.594) े ñöre (0.104) ः ñëaù (0.052) ा ñprä (0.019) ं ñöaà (0.416) ै ñörai (0.015) ा ñëä (0.257) े ñpre (0.009) ः ñöaù (0.261) ःै ñöraiù (0.006) ा ं ñëäà (0.060) ñpha (0.009) ा ñöä (0.925) ो ñöro (0.162) ाः ñëäù (0.006) ñma (0.823) ा ं ñöäà (0.061) ौ ñörau (0.002) ि ñëi (0.103) ं ñmaà (0.167) ाः ñöäù (0.145) ñöva (0.003) ी ñëé (0.078) ः ñmaù (0.117) ि ñöi (0.327) ा ñövä (1.336) ñëéà (0.040) ा ñmä (0.149) ि ं ñöià (0.078) े ñöve (0.011) ु ñëu (0.180) ा ं ñmäà (0.004) िः ñöiù (0.026) ै ñövai (0.046) ंु ñëuà (0.029) ि ñmi (0.009) ी ñöé (0.013) ो ñövo (0.009) ःु ñëuù (0.025) े ñme (0.121) ीः ñöéù (0.003) ñöha (1.481) ू ñëü (0.007) ो ñmo (0.108) ु ñöu (0.151) ं ñöhaà (0.284) े ñëe (0.113) ौ ñmau (0.003) ुं ñöuà (0.102) ः ñöhaù (0.149) ो ñëo (0.126) ñya (2.002) े ñöe (0.216) ा ñöhä (0.384) ोः ñëoù (0.015) ं ñyaà (0.088) ै ñöai (0.042) ा ं ñöhäà (0.039) ौ ñëau (0.033) ः ñyaù (0.030) ःै ñöaiù (0.020) ाः ñöhäù (0.042) ñëya (0.035) ा ñyä (0.861) ो ñöo (0.367) ि ñöhi (1.642) ं ñëyaà (0.002) ा ं ñyäà (0.015) ौ ñöau (0.105) ी ñöhé (0.026) ा ñëyä (0.003) ाः ñyäù (0.037) ñöya (0.013) ु ñöhu (0.016) े ñëye (0.005) ु ñyu (0.003) ा ñöyä (0.211) ू ñöhü (0.002) ñpa (0.225) े ñye (0.322)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 100 ै ñyai (0.018) सो so (1.767) stya (0.239) ो stvo (0.002) ःै ñyaiù (0.004) सोः soù (0.017) ं styaà (0.004) stha (0.270) ो ñyo (0.052) सौ sau (0.939) ः styaù (0.018) ं sthaà (0.142) ौ ñyau (0.006) ska (0.355) ा styä (0.045) ः sthaù (0.054) ñva (0.568) ं skaà (0.005) ु styu (0.002) ा sthä (1.112) ा ñvä (0.426) ः skaù (0.002) े stye (0.015) ा ं sthäà (0.038) ि ñvi (0.054) ा skä (0.074) ो styo (0.009) ाः sthäù (0.030) ृ ñvå (0.004) ाः skäù (0.002) stra (0.791) ि sthi (1.380) े ñve (0.076) ु sku (0.006) ं straà (0.232) ी sthé (0.011) ै ñvai (0.017) ृ skå (0.249) ः straù (0.015) ु sthu (0.037) स sa (35.299) ै skai (0.002) ा strä (0.445) ःु sthuù (0.020) स ं saà (10.703) ो sko (0.014) ा ं sträà (0.006) ू sthü (0.051) सः saù (1.028) ौ skau (0.002) ाः sträù (0.008) े sthe (0.131) सा sä (7.823) skha (0.011) ि stri (0.530) ै sthai (0.026) सा ं säà (0.472) sta (6.249) ि ं strià (0.057) ःै sthaiù (0.003) साः säù (0.184) ं staà (0.367) ी stré (0.295) ो stho (0.097) िस si (3.684) ः staù (0.038) stréà (0.006) ौ sthau (0.088) िस ं sià (0.445) ा stä (1.167) े stre (0.197) sthya (0.012) िसः siù (0.003) ा ं stäà (0.140) ै strai (0.101) ं sthyaà (0.011) सी sé (1.185) ाः stäù (0.067) ःै straiù (0.028) े sthye (0.004) स séà (0.039) ि sti (1.002) ो stro (0.038) ो sthyo (0.002) सीः séù (0.004) ी sté (0.379) ौ strau (0.014) sna (0.004) स ु su (7.391) ु stu (1.977) strya (0.012) ा snä (0.208) स ंु suà (0.087) ंु stuà (0.015) ु stryu (0.008) ि sni (0.028) सःु suù (0.086) ू stü (0.197) stva (0.748) ु snu (0.054) स ू sü (1.678) ृ stå (0.052) ं stvaà (0.312) े sne (0.137) स ूं süà (0.005) े ste (1.714) ा stvä (0.073) spa (0.736) स ृ så (0.869) ै stai (0.130) ा ं stväà (0.080) ृ spå (0.269) स े se (3.126) ःै staiù (0.040) ि stvi (0.056) spra (0.012) स ै sai (0.955) ो sto (0.141) ृ stvå (0.003) spha (0.006) सःै saiù (0.076) ौ stau (0.088) े stve (0.063) ा sphä (0.043)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 101 ि sphi (0.003) ःै syaiù (0.004) हं haà (2.195) ि hëi (0.011)
ी sphé (0.027) ो syo (0.144) हः haù (0.442) ी hëé (0.072) ु sphu (0.039) ौ syau (0.006) हा hä (10.570) े hëe (0.021) ू sphü (0.013) ॐ sra (0.626) हा ं häà (0.073) hna (0.032) ो spho (0.015) ॐ ं sraà (0.110) हाः häù (0.103) ं hnaà (0.002) sma (0.953) ॐः sraù (0.021) hi (5.836) hnaù (0.003) ः smaù (0.003) ॐा srä (0.404) िह ः ा smä (1.656) ॐा ं sräà (0.021) िहं hià (0.215) ा hnä (0.026) ा ं smäà (0.009) ॐाः sräù (0.010) िहः hiù (0.011) ि hni (0.074) smi (1.481) sri (0.011) ि िॐ ही hé (1.281) िं hnià (0.008) ि ं smià (0.179) ॐी sré (0.019) ह héà (0.098) िः hniù (0.011) ी smé (0.064) ॐ ु sru (0.047) हीः héù (0.002) ु hnu (0.005) ृ små (0.336) ॐ े sre (0.088) hu (2.168) hne (0.027) े sme (0.008) ॐ ै srai (0.033) े ै smai (0.262) ॐःै sraiù (0.016) ं huà (0.072) ःे hneù (0.003) ो smo (0.014) ॐो sro (0.068) ः huù (0.312) ै hnai (0.003) smya (0.038) srau (0.003) ॐौ hü (0.592) ो hno (0.003) ा smyä (0.003) sva (3.302) ं hüà (0.013) ौ hnau (0.003) ु smyu (0.009) ं svaà (0.111) ः hüù (0.003) hma (2.632) े smye (0.004) ः svaù (0.004) hå (1.459) ं hmaà (0.034) sya (9.940) ा svä (0.421) ं syaà (0.095) ा ं sväà (0.032) ह े he (1.748) ः hmaù (0.003) ः syaù (0.013) ि svi (0.500) ह ै hai (0.200) ा hmä (0.228) syä (2.236) své (0.148) ा ी हःै haiù (0.031) ी hmé (0.004) ा ं syäà (0.172) े sve (0.195) हो ho (0.955) hméà (0.011) ाः syäù (0.090) ै svai (0.057) होः hoù (0.008) े hme (0.016) ु syu (0.116) ःै svaiù (0.012) हौ hau (0.095) ै hmai (0.009) ःु syuù (0.024) ो svo (0.016) hëa (0.068) hmo (0.045) ू syü (0.028) े sse (0.005) ो े sye (0.403) ssva (0.015) ं hëaà (0.009) ा hmyä (0.007)
ै syai (0.208) ह ha (15.960) ा hëä (0.092) hya (1.365)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 102 ं hyaà (0.132) ो hyo (0.021) hla (0.005) ी hvé (0.012)
ः hyaù (0.007) ौ hyau (0.002) ा hlä (0.025) ीः hvéù (0.003)
ा hyä (0.240) ॑ hra (0.122) ि hli (0.052) ृ hvå (0.002) ा ं hyäà (0.015) ॑ा hrä (0.063) ी hlé (0.052) े hve (0.003)
ाः hyäù (0.006) ि॑ hri (0.052) hva (0.245) ै hvai (0.002)
ु hyu (0.044) ॑ी hré (0.060) ं hvaà (0.004) ो hvo (0.040)
ंु hyuà (0.002) ॑ीः hréù (0.004) ः hvaù (0.004) ोः hvoù (0.002)
ृ hyå (0.002) hru (0.025) ा hvä (0.090) ः hvyaù (0.004)
े hye (0.269) ः hruù (0.010) ा ं hväà (0.006) ो hvyo (0.002)
ै hyai (0.013) ॑ े hre (0.005) ाः hväù (0.003)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 103 4. Charts of Transliteration Font "URW Palladio ITU"
The font "URW Palladio ITU" comes in four styles (Roman, Bold, Italic, and Bold Italic). The Roman (non-italic) style is also contained in the Devanagari font "Sanskrit 2003" so that it is possible to create mixed Sanskrit and English texts with one font only.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 032 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 048 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? 064 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 080 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ 096 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 112 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ 128 € ‚ ƒ „ … † ‡ ˆ ‰ Š ‹ Œ Ž 144 ‘ ’ “ ” • – — ˜ ™ š › œ ž Ÿ 160 ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ - ® ¯ 176 ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ 192 À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï 208 Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß 224 à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï 240 ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ 0100 0101 0120 0121 012A 012B 015A 015B 016A 016B 1E0C 1E0D 1E24 1E25 1E36 1E37
U Ā ā Ġ ġ Ī ī Ś ś Ū ū Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ N 1E38 1E39 1E3A 1E3B 1E40 1E41 1E42 1E43 1E44 1E45 1E46 1E47 1E5A 1E5B 1E5C 1E5D I Ḹ ḹ Ḻ ḻ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ Ṅ ṅ Ṇ ṇ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ C 1E62 1E63 1E6C 1E6D 030D 030E 0331 F140 F141 F146 F147 F148 F156 F157 O D Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ ̍ ̎ ̱ E 0102 0103 0114 0115 014E 014F 1E48 1E49 1E5E 1E5F 1E8E 1E8F
Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ŏ ŏ Ṉ ṉ Ṟ ṟ Ẏ ẏ
Range 032-255: Codepage 1252 Latin 1 ("Western Europe") Range 128-191: For this mixed range see next chapter 4.1 Unicode white: Additional diacritics, used by Itranslator 2003 Unicode yellow: Vedic floating accents, used by Itranslator 2003 Unicode cyan: Private Use Area codes, used by Itranslator 2003 Unicode grey: Additional diacritics, not used by Itranslator 2003
Note: Itranslator uses only lowercase characters for the transliteration of Sanskrit texts.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 104 4.1. Mixed 8/16-bit Range 128-191 of "URW Palladio ITU"
In this range 128-191 the keypress codes often (not always) differ from the storage codes, depending on whether the text is stored as 8-bit "Windows" text file or as 16-bit "Unicode" text file. E.g. for "ƒ" you can enter by keyboard the 8-bit code 0131 (decimal) or 0083 (hex), but for "ƒ" you may also enter the 16-bit Unicode code points 0402 (decimal) or 0192 (hex).
Char Dec Hex Adobe Standard Names Code Points Descriptive Names
€ 128 0080 .notdef Euro 0080 20AC EURO SIGN
• 129 0081 .notdef c129 0081 UNDEFINED
‚ 130 0082 quotesinglbase 201A SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
ƒ 131 0083 florin 0192 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK
„ 132 0084 quotedblbase 201E DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
… 133 0085 ellipsis 2026 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
† 134 0086 dagger 2020 DAGGER
‡ 135 0087 daggerdbl 2021 DOUBLE DAGGER
ˆ 136 0088 circumflex 02C6 MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
‰ 137 0089 perthousand 2030 PER MILLE SIGN
Š 138 008A Scaron 0160 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON
‹ 139 008B guilsinglleft 2039 SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
Π140 008C OE 0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE
• 141 008D .notdef c141 008D UNDEFINED
Ž 142 008E .notdef Zcaron 008E 017D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON
• 143 008F .notdef c143 008F UNDEFINED
• 144 0090 .notdef c144 0090 UNDEFINED
‘ 145 0091 quoteleft 2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
’ 146 0092 quoteright 2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
“ 147 0093 quotedblleft 201C LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
” 148 0094 quotedblright 201D RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
• 149 0095 bullet 2022 BULLET
– 150 0096 endash 2013 EN DASH
— 151 0097 emdash 2014 EM DASH
˜ 152 0098 tilde 02DC SMALL TILDE
™ 153 0099 trademark 2122 TRADE MARK SIGN
š 154 009A scaron 0161 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON
› 155 009B guilsinglright 203A SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
œ 156 009C oe 0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
• 157 009D .notdef c157 009D UNDEFINED U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 105 ž 158 009E .notdef zcaron 009E 017E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
Ÿ 159 009F Ydieresis 0178 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
160 00A0 uni00A0 00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE
¡ 161 00A1 exclamdown 00A1 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
¢ 162 00A2 cent 00A2 CENT SIGN
£ 163 00A3 sterling 00A3 POUND SIGN
¤ 164 00A4 currency 00A4 CURRENCY SIGN
¥ 165 00A5 yen 00A5 YEN SIGN
¦ 166 00A6 brokenbar 00A6 BROKEN BAR
§ 167 00A7 section 00A7 SECTION SIGN
¨ 168 00A8 dieresis 00A8 DIAERESIS
© 169 00A9 copyright 00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN
ª 170 00AA ordfeminine 00AA FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR
« 171 00AB guillemotleft 00AB LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
¬ 172 00AC logicalnot 00AC NOT SIGN
- 173 00AD minus 00AD SOFT HYPHEN
® 174 00AE registered 00AE REGISTERED SIGN
¯ 175 00AF macron 00AF 02C9 MACRON
° 176 00B0 degree 00B0 DEGREE SIGN
± 177 00B1 plusminus 00B1 PLUS-MINUS SIGN
² 178 00B2 twosuperior 00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO
³ 179 00B3 threesuperior 00B3 SUPERSCRIPT THREE
´ 180 00B4 acute 00B4 ACUTE ACCENT
µ 181 00B5 mu 00B5 03BC MICRO SIGN
¶ 182 00B6 paragraph 00B6 PILCROW SIGN
· 183 00B7 periodcentered 00B7 2219 MIDDLE DOT
¸ 184 00B8 cedilla 00B8 CEDILLA
¹ 185 00B9 onesuperior 00B9 SUPERSCRIPT ONE
º 186 00BA ordmasculine 00BA MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR
» 187 00BB guillemotright 00BB RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
¼ 188 00BC onequarter 00BC VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER
½ 189 00BD onehalf 00BD VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
¾ 190 00BE threequarters 00BE VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
¿ 191 00BF questiondown 00BF INVERTED QUESTION MARK
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 106 5. Keyboard Entry and the INSCRIPT Keyboard Driver
Windows users can enter Devanagari characters by the following methods (as an example we select character "अ" = hexadecimal 0905 = decimal 02309, see the charts in chapter 3):
5.1. General-Purpose Keyboard Entry Methods
a) Num Pad Method (Alt + "0" + decimal Unicode Number)
All Unicode characters can be entered on the numerical keypad by pressing the Alt key, and while keeping Alt pressed, entering the decimal code on the keypad, e.g. Alt+02309. The prefix "0" (zero) may usually be omitted, i.e. Alt+2309. This num pad method works with Windows XP and should also work with Windows 2000, but it does not work with e.g. Windows 98, because in Windows 98, the num pad method is limited to the characters in the decimal range 0-255, so that e.g. Alt+0256 cannot be entered on a Windows 98 PC.
Microsoft would not be "micro"soft, if it offered flawless software. So, it does not surprise that the num pad method, although it can be considered as a most easy programming task, is too difficult for the "micro" programmers at Microsoft. E.g. on my German Windows XP computer, it is impossible to enter "छ" with Alt+02331. Try it on your own Windows XP! b) Alt-x Method ("U+" +"0" + hexadecimal Unicode Number + Alt-x)
All Unicode characters can be entered by prefixing "U+", followed by prefix "0" and the hexadecimal code of the Unicode character, followed by pressing Alt and while keeping Alt pressed, by hitting on key "x", e.g. U+0905 Alt-x. It should be noted that on localized computers, e.g. on German Windows XP computers, Alt-c is to be typed instead of Alt-x. The Alt-x method works with Windows XP and should also work with Windows 2000, but does not work with Windows 98. Depending on the context and on the hexadecimal code, it is often possible to omit prefix "U+" and prefix "0", so that e.g. 905 Alt-x is enough here. c) Char Map Method (Mouse Click on the Character Map = Symbol Palette)
This non-keyboard method is convenient for entering e.g. a special mathematical symbol, but it cannot be recommended for entering Devanagari texts. d) Other Methods
There exist other methods of entering Unicode characters, e.g. the "Eureka" method (see http://www.sanskritweb.net/fonts/eureka.doc) which can even be used with old Word 97 on an old Windows 98 computer.
Furthermore, third-party developers provide Windows keyboard drivers, e.g. Keyman, see http://www.tavultesoft.com.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 107 5.2. The INSCRIPT Method
INSCRIPT ("Indian Script") is a keyboard driver for Devanagari (and other Indic scripts) supplied with Windows XP (and also with Windows 2000), but only installed, if you select "Enable International Support" (for installation procedure see "Itranslator 2003" help file). In addition to installing the INSCRIPT Devanagari (Sanskrit/Hindi) keyboard driver from the Windows XP installation CD, you should also install "Microsoft Visual Keyboard" (vkey.exe, only 200 KB) downloadable free of charge from Microsoft's Office site.
INSCRIPT keyboard layout (1) on American keyboard, (2) on European keyboards:
Non-Shift Keys
Shift Keys
AltGr Keys
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 108 A few non-Devanagari characters are only accessible by special key combinations:
After having installed (1) the INSCRIPT keyboard driver and (2) the MS Visual Keyboard, start your word processor, e.g. Word XP, and select "Sanskrit 2003" as font.
Then select "Microsoft Visual Keyboard" (via the Start/Programs/Office Programs menue) and here also select "Sanskrit 2003". You will see this keyboard picture (on a German PC):
On the MS Visual Keyboard you can "type" by clicking on the key cap pictures. In this way you can memorize the keyboard layout. Try and make your own "typing" experiments to become familiar with the INSCRIPT keyboard driver.
Cave: If you enter a Sanskrit text directly via INSCRIPT keyboard, you do not create an ITX source text file of this Sanskrit text and hence you cannot give your entered text to those who cannot use 16-bit OpenType fonts. But if you enter a Sanskrit text as ITX file, it can be converted to any 8-bit and 16-bit Devanagari font format by Itranslator 99 and 2003.
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 109 Appendix I
Attested Hindi Ligatures
compiled by Ernst Tremel
Nasalized vowels (Anunasik) represented by Candrabindu or Bindu (Anuswar) as in अ ँ आ ँ इ ँ ईं उँ ऊँ ए ँ ऐ ं ओ ं औ ं are transliterated by ã ĩ ũ ẽ õ respectively. All the other Anuswar forms are transliterated – preceding क, ख, ग, घ by „ṅ“, – preceding प, फ, ब, भ by „m“, – preceding च, छ, ज, झ by „ñ“, – preceding फ़ by „n“ or „m“, – preceding ज़ by „ñ“ or „n“, – preceding म by „ṅ“ or „m“, – preceding ट, ठ, ढ by „ṇ“, – preceding य, र, ल by „ñ“, – preceding ड by „ṇ“ or „n“, – preceding व by „m“, – preceding त, थ, द, ध by „n“, – preceding श by „ñ“ or „n“, – preceding न by „ṅ“ or „n“, – preceding स by „ñ“ or „n“ or „m“, – preceding ह by „ṅ“ in Gatzlaff-Hälsig’s „Handwörterbuch Hindi-Deutsch“. ज्ञ is transliterated by „gy“ matching its Hindi pronunciation. In McGregor’s „The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary“ nasalized vowels are transliterated by „vowelsign + ṁ“; all the other Anuswar forms as Gatzlaff-Hälsig does, except य, र, ल, व, श, स, ह by „ṃ“ if preceded by a Bindu sign. First column Ligature Second column Transliteration Third column Hindi Anuswar form Fourth column Example with transliteration Fifth column German and English translation
einundzwanzig kk इीस , ikkīs twenty-one Fortschritt ईक़ qq तरईक़ी , taraqqī progress Butter kkh मन , makkhan butter Knochenbruch kc ६ैर , fraikcar fracture Hautabschürfung kch दे , tvakched excoriation Arzt kṭ डॉर , ḍôkṭar doctor Elektron श kṭr इलशॉने , ilekṭrôn electron Blut kt र , rakt blood Zeit ईत qt वईत , vaqt time
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 110 Sophisterei kty याभासु , yuktyābhās sophistry Getrenntheit ktv पथृ , pthaktv separateness gekochter Reis kth िस , sikth boiled rice bar ईद qd नईद , naqd cash redegewandt प kp वापटु , vākpaṭu eloquent Stiftung ईफ़ qf वईफ़ , vaqf endowment Geständnis ईब qb इईबाल , iqbāl admission Befehl म km म , hukm order einundfünfzig य ky इयावन , ikyāvan fifty-one Tapferkeit ब kr िवबम , vikram valour Verstand ईल ql अईल , aql mind rein ल kl शलु , śukl pure jung व kv वारा , kvārā young Karte ईश qś नईशा , naqśā map Rikscha kś िरा , rikśā rickshaw Seite kṣ प , pakṣ side scharf kṣṇ ती , tīkṣṇ sharp Lakschmi kṣm ली , lakṣmī Lakshmi nicht essbar kṣy अभ , abhakṣy not to be eaten Taxi स ks टैसी , ṭaiksī taxi Fehler ईस qs नईसु , nuqs fault Orientierung ksth िदापन , diksthāpan orientation hart t स , sat hard Wunde उम m ज़उम , zam wound
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 111 Mon-Khmer-Sprachen ख्म khm मोनख्मरे भाषाए ँ , monakhmer bhāṣāẽ Mon-Khmer languages berühmt य khy यात , khyāt celebrated Gedanke उय y उयाल , yāl thought Christ भ khr िभान , khriṣṭān Christian Prahlerei क़ r फ़क़ , far boasting Lohn उव v तनउवाह , tanavāh wages verleihen उश ś बउशना , baśanā to bestow Person उस s शउस , śas person bedeutend ग्ग gg िदग्गज , diggaj great Eule ग्घ ggh घग्घु ू , ghugghū owl Gehirn ऊज़ ġz मऊज़ , maġz brain Luxemburg ग्ज़ gz लग्ज़मबग , lagzamabarg Luxemburg leeres Gerede ग्ज gj वाग्जाल , vāgjāl net of words rechtes Wissen ग्ज्ञ ggy सग्ज्ञान , samyaggyān right knowledge krank ग्ण gṇ ग्ण , rugṇ ill Überblick ग्द gd िदग्दशन , digdarśan survey laienhaft ग्ध gdh अिवदग्ध , avidagdh amateurish Redegewandtheit ग् gdhy वाग्वदग्ै , vāgvaidagdhy eloquence Feuer न gn अिन , agni fire Schutzgottheiten der Mondphasen ग्प gp िदग्पाल , digpāl guardian deities of the different quarters Hauptpunkt ग्ब gb िदग्बं , digbandu cardinal point Unterschied भ gbh पथभावृ , pthagbhāv difference Verwirrung gbhr िदमाितं , digbhramānti confusion Paar ग्म gm यग्मु , yugm couple
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 112 elf ग्य gy ग्यारह , gyārah eleven Krokodil म gr माह , grāh crocodile Niedergeschlagenheit ग्ल gl ग्लािन , glāni depression Rinderhirte ग्व gv ग्वाला , gvālā cowherd alles durchdringend ग् gvy िदग्ापी , digvyāpī all pervasive ungünstige Stellung der Gestirne ग्श gś िदग्शलू , digśūl inauspicious planetary conjunction Hindernis न ghn िवन , vighn obstacle lobenswert य ghy ाय , ślāghy praiseworthy schnell य ghr शीय , śīghr quickly Zahl ṅk ◌ंक अ अकं , aṅk number Loch ङ् ṅkc ◌ं पङ्र परं , paṅkcar puncture Reihe ṅkt ◌ं पि पिं , paṅkti row kennzeichnungspflichtig ṅky ◌ंय अ अयं , aṅky to have to be marked Durchgang ṅkr ◌ंब सम सबमं , saṅkram passage ङ् ṅkś ◌ं रलवजङ्ने े रलवजने े ं , Bahnknotenpunkt relavejaṅkśan railway-junction Wunsch ṅkṣ ◌ं काा काां , kāṅkṣā desire Ventilator ṅkh ◌ंख पा पखां , paṅkhā fan Nummer ṅkhy ◌ंय सा सयां , saṅkhyā number Dienstag ṅg ◌ंग मलवार मगलवारं , Tuesday maṅgalavār ङ्ग् ṅgts ◌ंग् याङ्ग्-े यागं याग्ं -े यागं , Jangtsekiang yāṅgtse-kyāṅg Yangtsekiang Ironie ṅgy ◌ंग्य ग्यं , vyaṅgy irony Kongress ṅgr ◌ंम कॉसे कॉमसं े , kôṅgres congress ङ्ग्ल ṅgl ◌ंग्ल अङ्ग्लो-इिडयनं अग्लों -इिडयनं , Angloinder aṅglo-iṇḍiyan Anglo-Indian Kingston ङ्ग् ṅgsṭ ◌ंग् िकङ्ग्न िकग्नं , kiṅgsṭan Kingston U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 113 Vereinigung ṅgh ◌ंघ स सघं , saṅgh society unwegsam ṅghy ◌ंय ल लय , durlaṅghy impassable Versfuß ṅghr ◌ंय अि अियं , aṅghri foot bedeutend ṅn िदाग = िदग्गज , diṅnāg = diggaj great Literatur ṅm वाय , vāṅmay literature kompakt ह ṅh ◌ंह सहत सहतं , saṅhat compact fünfundzwanzig cc पीस , paccīs twenty-five gut cch अा , acchā good schlecht cchr कृ , kcchr bad Ausatmung cchv उास , ucchvās breathing out unverrückbar य cy अयतु , acyut fixed Ehre एज़ zz इएज़त , izzat honour Knochenmark ज jj मजा , majjā marrow of a bone Schamlosigkeit jjy नलै , nairlajjy shamelessness hell jjv उल , ujjval bright Wasserkrug झ jjh झझर , jhajjhar water-jug kenntnisreich ज्ञ gy िवज्ञ , vigy knowing Gefühl एब zb जएबा , jazbā emotion Kommunismus एम zm किनएमु , kamyunizm communism Bogensehne य jy या , jyā bow-string viel एय zy एयादा , zyādā much Einwand फ़ zr उफ़ , uzr objection Vergütung ळ jr उळत , ujrat remuneration Flut व jv वर , jvar flood-tide
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 114 Fünfeck च ñc ◌ंच पचकोण पचकोणं , pañcakoṇ pentagon ein Vogel छ ñch ◌ंछ पछी पछीं , pañchī a bird Tansania ञ्ज़ ñz ◌ंज़ ताञ्ज़ािनया ताज़ािनयां , tāñzāniyā Tanzania Panschab ज ñj ◌ंज पजाब पजाबं , pañjāb Panjab Bewusstsein ñgy ◌ंज्ञ सा सज्ञां , sañgyā consciousness Pause झ ñjh ◌ंझ अझा अझां , añjhā interval kontrolliert ञ्य ñy ◌ंय सञ्यत सयतं , sañyat controlled Beschützer व ñr ◌ंर सवक सरकं , sañrakṣak protector Gespräch ञ्ल ñl ◌ंल सञ्लाप सलापं , sañlāp conversation loses Frauenzimmer ञ् ñśc ◌ं पञ्लीु पलींु , puñścalī a loose woman Zuflucht ñśr ◌ंौ सय सौयं , sañśray refuge synthetisch ñśl ◌ं सि सिं , sañśliṣṭ synthetic Parlamentarier ञ्स ñs ◌ंस माञ्सद मासदं , māñsad member of parliament kultiviert ञ् ñsk ◌ं सञ्ृ त सं ृ त , sañskt cultivated Schicht ञ् ñst ◌ं सञ्र सरं , sañstar layer maskulin ञ् ñstv ◌ं पञ्ु पंु , puñstv masculine Institut ञ् ñsth ◌ं सञ्ा सां , sañsthā institute Kontakt ञ् ñsp ◌ं सञ्श सशं , sañsparś contact Erinnerung ञ् ñsm ◌ं सञ्रण सरणं , sañsmaraṇ remembrance Bronze ञ् ñsy ◌ं काञ् कां , kāñsy bronze gewalttätig ञ्ॐ ñsr ◌ंॐ िहञ्ॐ िहॐं , hiñsr violent Sechseck क ṭk षकोण , ṣaṭkoṇ hexagon Stuttgart ट्ग ṭg ँटट्गाटु , śṭuṭgārṭ Stuttgart Schweiz ट्ज़ ṭz िट्ज़रलड , sviṭzaralaiṇḍ Switzerland
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 115 Freizeit ट ṭṭ टी , chuṭṭī vacation Brief ठ ṭṭh िचठी , ciṭṭhī letter Wischakhpatnam ट्न ṭn िवशाखपट्नम , viśākhapaṭnam Vishakhapatnam sechsbeinig प ṭp षपद , ṣaṭpad six-footed Institut य ṭy इीयटं ू , insṭīṭyūṭ institute Zug श ṭr शने , ṭren train sechsjährig व ṭv षवषीय , ṣaṭvarṣīy six-year-old die sechs klassischen Systeme श ṭś षशा , ṣaṭśāstr the six systems of Indian philosphy Schlittschuhe स ṭs से , skeṭs skates vereinigt ठ ṭhṭh एकठा , ekaṭhṭhā united lesbar य ṭhy सपायु , supāṭhy legible Schwert ग ḍg खग , khaḍg sword erster Ton (von sieben) ज ḍj षज , ṣaḍj first tone (of seven) Laddu (Süßigkeit) ड ḍḍ लड , laḍḍū Laddu (a sweet) bejahrt ढ ḍḍh बढाु , buḍḍhā aged die sechs klassischen Systeme द ḍd षदशन , ṣaḍdarśan the six systems of Indian philosphy Sechseck भ ḍbh षभजु , ṣaḍbhuj hexagon Pflicht य ḍy यटीू , ḍyūṭī duty Fahrer स ḍr साइवर , ḍrāivar driver die sechs Entwicklungsphasen von ḍv ṣaḍvikār व षिवकार , Lebewesen the six stages of development of human beings
reich an Früchten य ḍhy फलाय , phalāḍhy with plenty of fruits Stunde ट ṇṭ ◌ंट घटा घटां , ghaṇṭā hour zentral श ṇṭr ◌ंश सशले सशल , seṇṭral central U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 116 Stumpfsinn ठ ṇṭh ◌ंठ कठाु कठांु , kuṇṭhā dullness Hals- य ṇṭhy ◌ंय कय कयं , kaṇṭhy having to do with the throat Ei ड ṇḍ ◌ंड अडा अडां , aṇḍā egg Niederlande ड्ज़ ṇḍz ◌ंड्ज़ नदरले ड्ज़ै नदरले ड्ज़ , nedaralaiṇḍz Netherlands ड्स ṇḍs ◌ंड्स नीदरलड्सै नीदरलड्स , Niederlande nīdaralaiṇḍs Netherlands Räuber ढ ṇḍh ◌ंढ ढढु ढंढु , ḍhuṇḍh robber ununterbrochen ण ṇṇ अणु , akṣuṇṇ continuing Tongefäß प ṇp मपाऽृ , mṇpātr earthenware vessel aus Ton म ṇm ममयृ , mṇmay earthen die Brahmanen य ṇy ॄाय , brāhmaṇy the brahmans Ferment व ṇv िकव , kiṇv ferment gewaltig tk उट , utkaṭ vast Umkehrung tkr उम , utkram reversal Ausstoßen tkṣ उपे , utkṣep pushing out Ausgrabung tkh उनन , utkhanan excavation Elektrodynamik त्ग tg िवत्गितकीु , vidyutgatikī electrodynamics Antenne त्म tgr िवत्महकु , vidyutgrahak aerial Leiter त्च tc िवत्चालकु , vidyutcālak conductor nördlich tt उर , uttar northerly Alliteration tty वनूासृ ु , vttyanuprās alliteration Bedeutung ttv मह , mahattv greatness Stein tth पर , patthar stone Elektroskop त्द td िवत्दशीु , vidyutdarśī electroscope elektrischer Strom त्ध tdh िवत्धाराु , vidyutdhārā electric current
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 117 Ehefrau tn पी , patnī wife Stellung als Nebenfrau tny साप , sāpatny the second wife’s position Lehmklumpen tp मिडृ ं , mtpiṇḍ lump of clay Emigration tpr उवास , utpravās emigration Auftrieb tpl उावकता , utplāvakatā lift voll erblüht tph उु , utphull fully open Vergnügen त्फ़ tf त्फ़ , lutf pleasure Glühbirne त्ब tb िवत्बु , vidyutbalb electric bulb fertig tm ख़ , atm finished Identität tmy तादा , tādātmy identity Verlassen ty ाग , tyāg leaving Brief ऽ tr पऽ , patr letter dreitägig try ािहक , tryāhik lasting three days Mord त्ल tl क़त्ल , qatl murder Haut tv चा , tvacā skin Elektroenergie त्श tś िवत्शिु , vidyutśakti electric energy Ermutigung ts ूोाहन , protsāhan encouragement Herzgegend tsth ल , htsthal cardiac region Metonymie tsthy ता , tātsthy metonymy Mondlicht tsn योा , jyotsnā moonlight Halbvokal tsp ईषृ , īṣatspṣṭ semi-vowel Fisch tsy म , matsy fish das höchste Wesen tsv जगामी , jagatsvāmī the supreme being त्ह th िवत्दलखु ं े , Elektrokardiogramm vidyuthtspandalekh electrocardiogram
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 118 erwähnenswert thy क , kathy deserving to be said Sensation ा thr िाल , thril thrill die Erde thv पीृ , pthvī the earth Herzklappe द्क dk द्कपाट , hdkapāṭ cardiac valve Seligkeit dg सित , sadgati beatitude heiliges Buch dgr संथ , sadgranth holy book Einweihung dgh उाटन , udghāṭan inauguration hartnäckig dd िज़ी , ziddī stubborn bekannt ddh ूिस , prasiddh well-known Herzton ddhv िन , hddhvani cardiac sound Herzversagen द्प dp द्पात , hdpāt heart failure Erleuchtung db उोध , udbodh enlightenment wunderbar dbh अतु , adbhut wonderful verwirrt dbhr उातं , udbhrānt confused Haus dm स , sadm house obgleich dy यिप , yadyapi although flüssig ि dr िव , drav fluid Armut dry दािर , dāridry poverty Tür dv ार , dvār door Sittlichkeit dvy सवहार , sadvyavahār morality Herzbräune द्श dś द्शलू , hdśūl angina pectoris Lehrer dhy अापक , adhyāpak teacher beweglich ी dhr अीवु , adhruv unfixed Laut dhv िन , dhvani sound
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 119 Leugnen nk इार , inkār denial besetzt ng एजडे , engejaḍ engaged großes Tablett eines Straßenhändlers न्च nc ख़ोन्चा , oncā a hawker’s tray akzeptiert न्ज़ nz ◌ंज़ मन्ज़रू मज़रं ू , manzūr accepted Dividende nḍ ◌ंड िडिवडे िडिवडड , ḍiviḍenḍ dividend Ende nt ◌ंत अ अतं , ant end dental nty ◌ं द दं , danty dental Minister ntr ◌ंऽ मी मिऽं , mantrī minister of state Freiheit ntry ◌ं ात ातं , svātantry freedom Pfad nth ◌ंथ प पथं , panth path Hindi nd ◌ंद िही िहदीं , hindī Hindi Langsamkeit ndy ◌ं मा मां , māndy sluggishness fünfzehn ndr ◌ंि पह पिहं , pandrah fifteen Paar ndv ◌ं ं , dvandv pair Beschäftigung ndh ◌ंध धा धधां , dhandhā occupation abendlich ndhy ◌ं सा सां , sāndhy having to do with evening porös ndhr ◌ंी सरी सरीीं , sarandhrī porous neunzehn nn उीस , unnīs nineteen Aufgeben nny ◌ं सास सासं , sannyās abandonment Konferenz न्६ nfr ◌ं६ कॉन्६ स कॉ६ं स, kônfrens conference Geburt nm ज , janm birth leer ny शू , śūny empty Verbindung nv समय , samanvay connection Schreiber न्श nś ◌ंश मन्शीु मशींु , munśī writer
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 120 Mensch ns ◌ंस इान इसानं , insān human being Institut न् nsṭ ◌ं इन्ीयटू इीयटं ू , insṭīṭyūṭ institute Inspektor nsp ◌ं इरे इरं े , inspekṭar inspector ihnen nh उ , unhẽ to them Neptun प्य pcy नप्यनै ू , naipcyūn Neptune Abgeordneter pṭ िडी , ḍipṭī deputy bekommen pt ूा , prāpt obtained Hoffnung etwas zu erlangen pty ूााशा , prāptyāśā expectation to get something Traum pn , svapn dream Sandale pp चल , cappal sandal Pfennig प्फ़ pf प्फ़िनषे , pfeniṣ Pfennig Lunge pph फसु ु , phupphus lungs Liebe py ार , pyār love Region ू pr ूदशे , pradeś region Diplom pl िडोमा , ḍiplomā diploma sinnliche Begierde ps इिियिलां , indriyalipsā lust Wort झज़ fz लझज़ , lafz word Leutnant fṭ लिने ट , lefṭineṇṭ lieutenant Damespiel झस fṭs साझस , ḍrāfṭs draughts Erdöl फ्त pht नफ्ताै , naiphtā petroleum Woche ft हा , haftā week Nephthalin झथ fth नझथलीने , nefthalīn Nephthalin Aussprache झफ़ ff तलझफ़ज़ु , talaffuz pronunciation Sperrstunde झय fy करझय ू , karafyū curfew
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 121 Kopfschuppen फ्य phy फ्यास , phyās dandruff Afrika ६ fr अ६ीका , afrīkā Africa Wohnung झल fl झलटै , flaiṭ flat Veilchen झश fś बनझशा , banafśā violet Gram झस fs अझसोस , afsos sorrow arabisches Alphabet bj अद , abjad Arabic alphabet Gemüse ब्ज़ bz सब्ज़ी , sabzī vegetable Beginn bt इिदा , ibtidā beginning Wort bd श , śabd word Ozean bdh अि , abdhi ocean sechsundzwanzig bb छीस , chabbīs twenty-six Steppdecke bbh गा , gabbhā quilt Hochzeit by ाह , byāh marriage Brahmane ॄ br ॄाण , brāhmaṇ brahman Problem bl ूॉम , prôblam problem äthiopisch ब्श bś हब्शी , habśī Ethiopian Tumult भ्भ bhbh भभ्भड़ , bhabhbhaṛ uproar Übung bhy अास , abhyās practice korrupt ॅ bhr ॅ , bhraṣṭ corrupt großes Tablett eines Straßenhändlers म्च mc ख़ोम्चा , omcā a hawker’s tray der Rückenmarkskanal mṇ सषाु ु , suṣumṇā the channel of the spinal cord Prüfung म्त mt इम्तहान , imtahān examination ausgezeichnet md उा , umdā excellent niedrig mn िन , nimn low
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 122 Gesellschaft mp ◌ंप कनी कपनीं , kampanī company Computer mpy ◌ं कटरू कटरं ू , kampyūṭar computer gegenwärtig mpr ◌ंू सित सूितं , samprati at the present time Auffädeln mph ◌ंफ गनु गफनंु , gumphan stringing together Sinfonie म्फ़ mf ◌ंफ़ िसम्फ़नी िसफ़नीं , simfanī symphony lang mb ◌ंब ला लबां , lambā long möglich mbh ◌ंभ सव सभवं , sambhav possible Verwirrung mbhr ◌ंॅ सम सॅमं , sambhram confusion Hoffnung mm उीद , ummīd hope übereinstimmend mm ◌ंम सत समतं , sammat agreeing Zwickel my ानी , myānī gusset Lebensalter ॆ mr उॆ , umr lifetime welk ml ान , mlān withered Jahr mv ◌ंव सत सवत् ं ,् samvat year Komsomol म्स ms कोम्सोमोल , komsomol comsomol Amsterdam म् msṭ ◌ं एम्रडमै एरडं मै , emsṭaraḍaim Amsterdam euer mh ताराु , tumhārā your bereit yy महाु , muhayyā prepared Unterschied क़ rq फ़क़ , farq difference Markt क rk माकत , mārket market Rundschreiben य rky सयलरु , sarkyular circular Marxismus स rks मासवाद , mārksavād Marxism Rad ख़ rkh̲ ̲ चख़ा , carā̲ wheel dumm ख rkh मखू , mūrkh stupid
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 123 Hahn ग़ rġ मग़ु , murġ cock Himmel ग rg ग , svarg heaven schwer begreiflich म rgr मा , durgrāhy difficult to comprehend Unfall घ rgh घटना , durghaṭanā accident geachtet य rghy अय , arghy respected März च rc माच , mārc March Ohnmacht rcch माू , mūrcchā faint Portugal य rcy पोयगाल , porcyagāl Portugal Speer छ rch बछा , barchā spear Dutzend ज rj दजन , darjan dozen Schneider ज़ rz दज़ी , darzī tailor verboten य rjy वय , varjy prohibited Wasserfall झ rjh िनझर , nirjhar waterfall Partei ट rṭ पाटी , pārṭī party Hertz स rṭs हसे , herṭs Hertz Wächter ड rḍ वाडन , vārḍan warden Beschreibung ण rṇ वणन , varṇan description richtige Aussprache der Laute य rṇy सौवय , sauvarṇy the sounds’ correct pronunciation Tänzer त rt नतक , nartak dancer Statue rtt मिू , mūrtti statue Augenlid rtm व , vartm eyelid gemeinsames Vielfaches rty समापव , samāpavarty common multiple Schreibmaschinenschreiberin ऽ rtr टाइपकऽी , ṭāipakartrī typist Alveole rts व , varts alveolus
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 124 alveolar rtsy व , vartsy alveolar viert थ rth चतथु , caturth fourth Fähigkeit rthy साम , sāmarthy ability Urdu द rd उ , urdū Urdu zerebral rddh मू , mūrddhany cerebral von Liebe erfüllt ि rdr हािे , snehārdr full of love ruhig rdv िन , nirdvandv calm arm ध rdh िनधन , nirdhan poor Bruch rdhm व , vardhm rupture senkrecht rdhv ऊ , ūrdhv vertical Turnier न rn टनामू ट , ṭūrnāmeṇṭ tournament Baumwolle प rp कापास , kārpās cotton nur फ़ rf िसफ़ , sirf only Sperrstunde झय rfy कझय ू , karfyū curfew stören ब rb िडब करना , ḍisṭarb karanā to disturb Mutterleib भ rbh गभ , garbh womb unbeirrt ॅ rbhr िनॅम , nirbhram not erring Schande म rm शम , śarm shame Gleichartigkeit rmy साध , sādharmy similarity Burma rmh बा , barmhā Burma Maurjas य ry मौय , maury Mauryas Myrobalane र rr हरा , harrā myrobalan schamlos ल rl िनलज , nirlajj shameless Stolz व rv गव , garv pride
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 125 schlechte Angewohnheit rvy सन , durvyasan bad habit Anblick श rś दशन , darśan sight Seite rśv पा , pārśv side Jahr ष rṣ वष , varṣ year Stuhl स rs कसीु , kursī chair erst rsṭ फ़ , farsṭ first Tadel ह rh गहण , garhaṇ censure tadelnswert rhy िवग , vigarhy censurable Besitz lk िम , milk possession Kreis ल्क़ lq हल्क़ा , halqā circle bitter ल्ख़ l तल्ख़ , tal bitter geringfügig lg फ ु , phalgu insignificant Salisbury ल्ज़ lz साल्ज़बरी , sālzabarī Salisbury Rettungsring lṭ लाइफ़बे , lāifabelṭ life-belt Aktionär ल्ड lḍ शयरहोल्डरे , śeyaraholḍar shareholder aufgeschoben lt मवीु , multavī delayed Rheinland-Pfalz ल् lts राइनलड-फ़ाल् , rāinalaiṇḍ-fālts Rhineland-Pfalz Britischer Staatenbund ल्थ lth कॉमनवल्थे , kômanavelth Commenwealth Geschwindigkeit ld जी , jaldī speed Handwerk lp िश , śilp craft Alpen ल् lps आल् , ālps Alpes Knöchel lph गु , gulph ankle Locke ल्फ़ lf ज़ल्फ़ु , zulf lock Herz lb क़ , qalb heart
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 126 mutig lbh ूग , pragalbh bold Mut lbhy ूाग , prāgalbhy boldness Film lm िफ़ , film film Preis ly मू , mūly price Eule ll उू , ullū owl kahl lv खाट , khalvāṭ bald Emulsion lś इमन , imalśan emulsion Beil lh काड़ाु , kulhāṛā axe Person vy ि , vyakti person Gelübde ो vr ोत , vrat vow neunzig vv न े , navve ninety Liebe ँक़ śq इँक़ , iśq love schwierig ँक śk मिँकलु , muśkil difficult Erstaunen śc आय , āścary astonishment offen ँछ śch िनँछल , niśchal not deceitful Stuttgart ँट śṭ ँटट्गाटु , śṭuṭgārṭ Stuttgart Fleisch ँत śt गोँत , gośt meat Frage śn ू , praśn question Spree ँू śpr ँू े , śpre Spree Brille ँम śm चँमा , caśmā glasses nötig ँय śy आवँयक , āvaśyak necessary Wohlstand ौ śr ौी , śrī prosperity Umarmung śl आष , āślaṣ embrace Atem śv आास , āśvās breath
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 127 ausdrücklich ँश śś कँशाफ़ , kaśśāf explicit muskulös ṣk मु , muṣk muscular Bezahlung ṣkr िनय , niṣkray payment schwer verständlich ंम ṣgr ंमा , duṣgrāhy difficult to understand Schwierigkeit ṣṭ क , kaṣṭ difficulty Spezifikum ṣṭy विशै , vaiśiṣṭy distinguishing feature Kamel ṣṭr उ , uṣṭr camel ältest ṣṭh ये , jyeṣṭh eldest labial ṣṭhy ओ , oṣṭhy labial schwarz ṣṇ कृ , kṣṇ black Vollendung ṣp िनि , niṣpatti completion leblos ṣpr िनाण , niṣprāṇ lifeless unfruchtbar ṣph िनल , niṣphal not bearing fruit heiße Jahreszeit ṣm मी , grīṣm hot season Schüler ṣy िश , śiṣy pupil lächeln sk मरानाु , muskarānā to smile Bildschirm skr ीन , skrīn screen Schwadron ःव skv ःवासन , skvāḍran squadron Straucheln skh लन , skhalan stumbling Moschee ःज sj मिःजद , masjid mosque Bahnhof sṭ शने , sṭeśan railway station Tragbahre sṭr चरे , sṭrecar stretcher Dresden ःड sḍ सःडने , ḍresḍan Dresden August st अग , agast August
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 128 manuell sty ह , hasty manual Mechaniker str िमी , mistrī mechanic Rajasthan sth राजान , rājasthān Rajasthan Gesundheit sthy ा , svāsthy health Absicht ःद sd क़ःद , qasd intention Baden sn ान , snān bathing Berührung sp श , sparś touching Sprungfeder spr िगं , spriṅg spring Phosphat ःफ़ sf फ़ॉःफ़टे , fôsfeṭ phosphate ausgedehnt sph ार , sphār extensive in Bezug auf sb बिनत , banisbat in respect of Schicksal sm िक़त , qismat fate Mitglied sy सद , sadasy member Ägypten ॐ sr िमॐ , misr Egypt Islam sl इाम , islām Islam Bild sv तीर , tasvīr picture achtzig ss अी , assī eighty Restauration ः ssth पनःापनाु , punassthāpanā restoration Zeichen hn िच , cihn mark Brahmane hm ॄाण , brāhmaṇ brahman annehmbar hy मा , grāhy to be taken Verminderung ॑ hr ॑ास , hrās lessening Freude hl आाद , āhlād joy Aufforderung hv आान , āhvān summons
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 129
There should be fifteen other ligatures concerning some Hindi grammar books. But I could not attest them by any examples: म cm, ल chr, म jm, ttr, dn, dhn, dhm, nph, ु nr, pm, pv, bhv, े yr, yv, ṣv
Reference Works:
Gatzlaff-Hälsig, Margot: Handwörterbuch Hindi-Deutsch, (Helmut Buske Verlag) Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-87548-177-1
McGregor, R. S.: The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, (Oxford University Press) Ninth impression, Oxford 1993/ New Delhi 2001, ISBN 019 563846 8
Pathak, R. C: Bhargava's Standard Illustrated Dictionary of the Hindi Language, Hindi- English Edition, (The Bhargava Bhushan Press), Third Revised Edition, Banaras 1946
Gatzlaff-Hälsig, Margot: Grammatischer Leitfaden des Hindi, 4. Auflage (copyright 1967 Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig, copyright 1993 Langenscheidt) - Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig, Berlin, München, Druck: Interdruck Leipzig GmbH, Printed in Germany ISBN 3- 324-00393-8; now Helmut Buske Verlag, Richardstraße 47, D-22081 Hamburg, 2. unveränderte Auflage 1978 (VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig 1967)
McGregor R. S: Outline of Hindi Grammar. With Exercises, (Oxford University Press), Second Edition, New Delhi 1977
Teach Yourself Hindi: by (c) 2000 Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman, (Hodder & Stoughton), Second Edition, London 2000, ISBN: 0-340-75816-3
Teach Yourself Hindi: Simon Weightman, (Hodder & Stoughton), New Edition, London 2003, ISBN: 034086687X
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 130
Appendix II
Typesetting of Yajurveda Texts with "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas"
In order to typeset the Yajurveda texts at website http://www.sanskritweb.net/yajurveda I have used till now a special Vedic version "Sanskrit 2003v" containing additional glyphs. As of September 2005, these additional Vedic Private Use Area glyphs have been added to the updated version 1.1 of "Sanskrit 2003" made by Swami Satchidananda and also to the new font "Chandas" made by Mihail Bayaryn. Both fonts - "Sanskrit 2003" and "Chandas" - are completely interchangeable and both suited for typesetting Yajurveda texts.
1. Glyphs in the PUA range E000 (see also chapter 3.3 on page 25)
Sanskrit Chandas Code Position 2003 U+ of Svara Candrabindu-Virama E001 त as spacing character Double Udatta (Svarita) *** ̎ E002 त̎ as floating accent without prop, flush right Visarga (as an additional PUA character) E003 त as spacing (!) character (compare U+0903!) Candrabindu-Virama + Udatta (Svarita) E004 त as spacing character Candrabindu-Virama + Double Udatta (Svarita) E005 त as spacing character Candrabindu-Virama + Anudatta E006 त as spacing character Single Udatta (= Svarita) E007 त as floating accent without prop, centered Double Udatta (Svarita) E008 त as floating accent without prop, centered Anudatta E009 त as floating accent, flush right *** In the new release 1.1 of "Sanskrit 2003", the Double Udatta with prop (or stub) was replaced by a Double Udatta without prop, since the new version without prop (now the default version) is needed much more often than the version with prop. The old glyph was moved from E002 to F209 (see next page)
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 131
2. Glyphs in the PUA range F200 (newly added as of September 2005)
Sanskrit Chandas Hex Position 2003 of Svara Double Udatta (Svarita) F201 त as floating accent without prop, flush right, position lower (E002: position a bit higher, F201: position slightly lower)
Double Udatta (Svarita) F202 त as spacing accent with non-protruding prop (or stub) Double Udatta (Svarita) F203 त as floating accent without prop, flush right (F203, a copy of E002, is reserved for future use!)
Double Candrabindu-Virama F204 त as spacing character Double Candrabindu-Virama + Anudatta F205 त as spacing character Double Candrabindu-Virama + Single Udatta (Svarita) F206 त as spacing character Double Candrabindu-Virama + Double Udatta (Svarita) F207 त as spacing character Single Udatta (= Svarita) ॑ F208 त॑ as spacing accent with protruding prop (or stub) Double Udatta (= Svarita) *** F209 त as spacing accent with protruding prop (or stub) *** The new slot F209 of version 1.1 now contains the old glyph of slot E002 of version 1.0 of "Sanskrit 2003"
For the pronunciation of above Vedic svaras read the documents by Shriramana Sharma downloadable at http://www.sanskritweb.net/sansdocs
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 132
3. Manual Patches for Typesetting of Yajurveda Texts
3.1. Manual Patches for {\m+}{\m+} Encoding:
ITX Code Result by Replacement by Hex Code of Itranslator MS Word Replacement {\m+}{\m+} F204 {\m+}{\m+}\' F206 {\m+}{\m+}\_ F205
3.2. Manual Patches for Svaras on pada-final Nasals:
ITX Code Result by Replacement by Hex Code of Itranslator MS Word Replacement n\' || न◌् ॑ न ् न +् E007 nn\' || ◌् ॑ ् +् E007 ~N\' || ङ◌् ॑ ङ ् ङ ् + E007 ~N~N\' || ङ◌् ॑ ङ ् ङ +् E007
3.3. Other Examples of Manual Patches:
The 200-page document "Svara Statistics of Vedic Sanskrit" analyses the accented syllables of the "Taittitérya Brähmaëa" (see http://www.sanskritweb.net/sansdocs/tbsvaras.pdf). All the red Double Udattas in this file TBsvaras.pdf display Vedic accents that cannot be typeset properly with current Unicode fonts due to the faulty specifications made by the Unicode consortium which was not willing to accept proposals made by "Indian niggers".
For the Double Udatta ITX code (i.e. \''), Itranslator 2003 generates U+E002. This is okay for क̎ and का̎ , but it is not okay for ̎ ै and ̎ै . Here, the PUA codes should or may be used to improve the typographical display, e.g. by ै (F202) and by ै (F209). In other cases, the PUA codes must be used, e.g. ङ◌् ॑ must be replaced by ङ ् (E007).
U.Stiehl, Technical Manual of Itranslator 2003, Page 133