NOTE: This Report Contains Codex Circular Letter CL 2008/10-FA
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The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes. A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ruyi Li BSc (Bio-Eng), MSc (Vit./Oen.) Northwest A&F University The University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine July 2012 Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................... iii Declaration...................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. ix Figures, Schemes and Tables......................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 1.1 General Introduction................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Carotenoids................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Definition, types and identification of carotenoids................................................. 3 1.2.2 Factors influencing the concentration of carotenoids -
Ricinus Cell Cultures. I. Identification of Rhodoxanthin
Hormone Induced Changes in Carotenoid Composition in Ricinus Cell Cultures. I. Identification of Rhodoxanthin Hartmut Kayser Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie and Armin R. Gemmrich Abteilung für Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Ulm, Postfach 40 66. D-7900 Ulm/Donau Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 50-54 (1984); received November 10. 1983 Rhodoxanthin. Carotenoids, Plant Cell Cultures, Plant Hormones, Ricinus communis When cell cultures of Ricinus communis are grown in light and with kinetin as the sole growth factor red cells are formed. The red pigmentation is due to the accumulation o f rhodoxanthin which is the major carotenoid in these cultures. The identification of this retro-type carotenoid is based on electronic and mass spectra, on chemical transformation to zeaxanthin, and on comparison with an authentic sample. Rhodoxanthin is not present in any part of the intact plant. The major yellow carotenoid in the red cultures is lutein. Introduction Materials and Methods Chloroplasts of higher plants contain a fairly Plant material constant pattern of carotenoids which function as accessory pigments in photosynthesis and protect The callus cultures are derived from the endo the chlorophylls and chloroplast enzymes against sperm of the castor bean. Ricinus communis; only photodestruction [1]. In contrast to this type of strain A, as characterized elsewhere [5]H was used. plastids, chromoplasts contain a great variety of The cells were cultivated under fluorescent white carotenoids, some of which are not found in other light (Osram L65W/32, 5 W /m 2) at 20 °C On a solid types of plastids. These pigments are responsible for Gamborg B5 medium [7] supplemented with 2% the bright red. -
Wednesday May 26, 1999
5±26±99 Vol. 64 No. 101 Wednesday Pages 28333±28712 May 26, 1999 federal register 1 VerDate 06-MAY-99 21:29 May 25, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\26MYWS.XXX pfrm03 PsN: 26MYWS II Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 101 / Wednesday, May 26, 1999 The FEDERAL REGISTER is published daily, Monday through SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Friday, except official holidays, by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, PUBLIC Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. Subscriptions: Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Committee of Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Superintendent of Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official edition. General online information 202±512±1530; 1±888±293±6498 Single copies/back copies: The Federal Register provides a uniform system for making available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Paper or fiche 512±1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public Paper or fiche 523±5243 interest. Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 523±5243 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Analysis of Chemical Composition of Cowpea Floral Volatiles and Nectar
i ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COWPEA FLORAL VOLATILES AND NECTAR BY CONSOLATA ATIENO AGER, B.Ed (Kenyatta) I56/7423/2001 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE SCHOOL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 2009 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my own original work and it has not been presented for award of a degree in any other university. Signed………………………..Date……………………… Consolata Atieno Ager Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Isaiah O. Ndiege Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Sauda Swaleh Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Ahmed Hassanali Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department (BCED) International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Remmy Pasquet Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department (MBBD) 1 2 International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) DEDICATION To my husband Godfrey Isaac Ochieng‟ and my children Mercy, Humphrey and Jeffrey 2 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I want to glorify and exalt the Almighty God for giving me sound health and mind during the entire research period. I register my sincere appreciation to my research supervisors: Prof. Isaiah Ndiege, Prof. Ahmed Hassanali, Dr. Remmy Pasquet and Dr. Sauda Swaleh for the guidance, comments, discussions, supervision, advice, support and encouragement they gave me during my research. Special thanks to all the staff of BCED and MBBD departments at ICIPE for technical assistance and cooperation during my stay at the center. -
Low Acyl Gellan Gum for Inclusion on the National List of Substances Allowed in Organic Production and Handling (7 CFR 205.605 (B)
Petition for Evaluation of Low Acyl Gellan Gum for Inclusion on the National List of Substances Allowed in Organic Production and Handling (7 CFR 205.605 (b) Submitted by: CP Kelco U.S., Inc. 3100 Cumberland Blvd., Suite 600 Atlanta, GA 30339 Date: 08 August 2019 CP Kelco U.S., Inc. 08 August 2019 National Organic List Petiion Low Acyl Gellan Gum Table of Contents Item A.1 — Section of National List ........................................................................................................... 4 Item A.2 — OFPA Category - Crop and Livestock Materials .................................................................... 4 Item A.3 — Inert Ingredients ....................................................................................................................... 4 1. Substance Name ................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Petitioner and Manufacturer Information ............................................................................................. 5 2.1. Corporate Headquarters ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Manufacturing/Processing Facility ...............................................................................................5 2.3. Contact for USDA Correspondence .............................................................................................5 3. Intended or Current Use .......................................................................................................................5 -
Characterization of the Novel Role of Ninab Orthologs from Bombyx Mori and Tribolium Castaneum T
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 109 (2019) 106–115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibmb Characterization of the novel role of NinaB orthologs from Bombyx mori and Tribolium castaneum T Chunli Chaia, Xin Xua, Weizhong Sunb, Fang Zhanga, Chuan Yea, Guangshu Dinga, Jiantao Lia, ∗ Guoxuan Zhonga,c, Wei Xiaod, Binbin Liue, Johannes von Lintigf, Cheng Lua, a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China b College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China c Life Sciences Institute and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China d College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China e Sericulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China f Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ABSTRACT Carotenoids can be enzymatically converted to apocarotenoids by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases. Insect genomes encode only one member of this ancestral enzyme family. We cloned and characterized the ninaB genes from the silk worm (Bombyx mori) and the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). We expressed BmNinaB and TcNinaB in E. coli and analyzed their biochemical properties. Both enzymes catalyzed a conversion of carotenoids into cis-retinoids. The enzymes catalyzed a combined trans to cis isomerization at the C11, C12 double bond and oxidative cleavage reaction at the C15, C15′ bond of the carotenoid carbon backbone. Analyses of the spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that ninaB genes were differentially expressed during the beetle and moth life cycles with high expression in reproductive organs. -
Pigment Palette by Dr
Tree Leaf Color Series WSFNR08-34 Sept. 2008 Pigment Palette by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Autumn tree colors grace our landscapes. The palette of potential colors is as diverse as the natural world. The climate-induced senescence process that trees use to pass into their Winter rest period can present many colors to the eye. The colored pigments produced by trees can be generally divided into the green drapes of tree life, bright oil paints, subtle water colors, and sullen earth tones. Unveiling Overpowering greens of summer foliage come from chlorophyll pigments. Green colors can hide and dilute other colors. As chlorophyll contents decline in fall, other pigments are revealed or produced in tree leaves. As different pigments are fading, being produced, or changing inside leaves, a host of dynamic color changes result. Taken altogether, the various coloring agents can yield an almost infinite combination of leaf colors. The primary colorants of fall tree leaves are carotenoid and flavonoid pigments mixed over a variable brown background. There are many tree colors. The bright, long lasting oil paints-like colors are carotene pigments produc- ing intense red, orange, and yellow. A chemical associate of the carotenes are xanthophylls which produce yellow and tan colors. The short-lived, highly variable watercolor-like colors are anthocyanin pigments produc- ing soft red, pink, purple and blue. Tannins are common water soluble colorants that produce medium and dark browns. The base color of tree leaf components are light brown. In some tree leaves there are pale cream colors and blueing agents which impact color expression. -
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS)
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) A to Z Index Follow FDA FDA Voice Blog Most Popular Searches Home Food Drugs Medical Devices Radiation-Emitting Products Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Tobacco Products Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) FDA Home Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) - The list below is an alphabetical inventory representing only five of 196 fields in FDA/CFSAN's PAFA database. Definitions of the labels that are found in the inventory are: Label Definition DOCTYPE An indicator of the status of the toxicology information available for the substance in PAFA (administrative and chemical information is available on all substances): A Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. S P E There is reported use of the substance, but it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature search. A F N There is reported use of the substance, and an initial toxicology literature search is in progress. E W NI Although listed as a added to food, there is no current reported use of the substance, and, therefore, L although toxicology information may be available in PAFA, it is not being updated. N There is no reported use of the substance and there is no toxicology information available in PAFA. U L B The substance was formerly approved as a food additive but is now banned; there may be some toxicology A data available. N DOCNUM PAFA database number of the Food Additive Safety Profile volume containing the printed source information concerning the substance. -
STB046 1939 the Carotenoid Pigments
THE CAROTENOID PIGMENTS Occurrence, Properties, Methods of Determination, and Metabolism by the Hen FOREWORD This bulletin has been written as a brief review of the carotenoid pigments. The occurrence, properties, and methods of determina- tion of this interesting class of compounds are considered, and special consideration is given to their utilization by the hen. The work has been done in the departments of Chemistry and Poultry Husbandry, cooperating, on Project No. 193. The project was started in 1932 and several workers have aided in the accumulation of information. The following should be men- tioned for their contributions: Mr. Wilbor Owens Wilson, Mr. C. L. Gish, Mr. H. F. Freeman, Mr. Ben Kropp, and Mr. William Proudfit. We are also greatly indebted to Dr. H. D. Branion of the Depart- ment of Animal Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada, for his fine coöperative studies on the vitamin A potency of corn. A number of unpublished observations from these laboratories and others have been organized and included in this bulletin. Extensive use has also been made of the material presented in Zechmeister’s “Carotenoide,” and “Leaf Xanthophylls” by Strain. It is hoped that this work be considered in no way a complete story of the metab- olism of carotenoid pigments in the fowl, but rather an interpreta- tion of the information which is available at this time. The wide range of distribution of the carotenoid pigments in such a wide variety of organisms points strongly to the importance of these materials biologically. In recent years chemical and physio- logical studies of the carotenoids have revealed numerous relation- ships to other classes of substances in the plant and animal world. -
Identifying Anatomical Sites of Carotenoid Metabolism in Birds
Naturwissenschaften (2009) 96:987–988 DOI 10.1007/s00114-009-0544-7 COMMENTS & REPLIES Identifying anatomical sites of carotenoid metabolism in birds Kevin J. McGraw Received: 8 April 2009 /Accepted: 9 April 2009 /Published online: 20 May 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Carotenoid metabolism has long interested plant and animal identification (Wyss 2004), isotope labeling of precursors biochemists (Goodwin 1986; Lu and Li 2008). Identifying (Burri and Clifford 2004), and by inference from ex vivo tissue sites and enzymes responsible for carotenoid trans- chemical reactions (Khachik et al. 1998) or where caroten- formations (e.g., β-carotene to vitamin A) has been oid types exist in no other tissue type (McGraw 2004). challenging. Colorful birds have recently become a model del Val et al. (2009) undertook none of these types of for studying carotenoid nutrition and metabolism, in the investigation. The first step in such research is to rule out a context of sexual selection and honest signaling (McGraw dietary source to the pigment, but the authors did not study 2006). In a recent paper published in Naturwissenschaften, food carotenoids in crossbills; they sampled only liver, del Val et al. (2009) described carotenoid profiles in tissues skin, and feathers from accidentally field-killed animals and of male common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra), with the drew blood from molting birds. While red carotenoids are aim of localizing metabolic site(s) for a ketocarotenoid not currently thought to be common in diets of herbivorous pigment—3-hydroxy-echinenone (3HE)—present in red land birds (e.g., rubixanthin in rose hips, rhodoxanthin in feathers. They found 3HE in blood and liver, unlike Taxus berries), this is a key assumption to biochemically previous studies of colorful songbirds where metabolized validate for any species, given the paucity of information integumentary carotenoids were found only at peripheral on avian food carotenoids. -
Halal Food Production
HALAL FOOD PRODUCTION © 2004 by CRC Press LLC HALAL FOOD PRODUCTION Mian N. Riaz Muhammad M. Chaudry CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riaz, Mian N. Halal food production / Mian N. Riaz, Muhammad M. Chaudry. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58716-029-3 (alk. paper) 1. Food industry and trade. I. Chaudry, Muhammad M. II. Title. TP370.R47 2003 297.5'76—dc22 2003055483 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. -
2019 L-Malic Acid Technical Report
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service | National Organic Program Document Cover Sheet https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/national-list/petitioned Document Type: ☐ National List Petition or Petition Update A petition is a request to amend the USDA National Organic Program’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances (National List). Any person may submit a petition to have a substance evaluated by the National Organic Standards Board (7 CFR 205.607(a)). Guidelines for submitting a petition are available in the NOP Handbook as NOP 3011, National List Petition Guidelines. Petitions are posted for the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. ☒ Technical Report A technical report is developed in response to a petition to amend the National List. Reports are also developed to assist in the review of substances that are already on the National List. Technical reports are completed by third-party contractors and are available to the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. Contractor names and dates completed are available in the report. L-Malic Acid Handling/Processing 1 2 Identification of Petitioned Substance 3 4 Chemical Names: Trade Names: 5 L-malic acid L-malic acid 6 L(-)-malic acid 7 L-hydroxysuccinic acid CAS Numbers: 8 L-hydroxybutanedioic acid L-malic acid (97-67-6) 9 L-1-hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid 10 L-malate Other Codes: 11 (S)-hydroxybutanedioic acid L-malic acid EC 202-601-5 12 (S)-malate 13 14 Other Name: Apple acid, Deoxytetraric acid, Methyl tartronic acid 15 16 17 Summary of Petitioned Use 18 19 L-malic acid is currently listed at 7 CFR 205.605(a) along with other nonsynthetic, “nonagricultural 20 (nonorganic) substances allowed as ingredients in or on processed products labeled ‘organic’ or ‘made 21 with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)).’” L-malic acid is used as a flavor enhancer, flavoring 22 agent, adjuvant, and pH control agent in a variety of foods (USDA, 2015a).