Plant Carotenoids As Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs
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Dandelion Taraxacum Officinale
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale DESCRIPTION: Dandelion is a hardy perennial with a thick, fleshy taproot and no stem. Leaves grow in a rosette from the crown. They are long, narrow, irregularly lobed, and lance shaped. The lobed tips are often opposite each other and pointing toward the crown. Leaves are often purple at the base and emit a milky latex when broken. The deep golden yellow flowers are borne in heads on long hollow stalks. Blossoms soon mature into spherical clusters of whitish fruits, like white puffballs, composed of parachute-like seeds. Seeds are carried by wind. Type of plant: broadleaf Life cycle: Perennial Growth habit: Bunch type Aggressiveness (1-10 scale; 7 10=most aggressive): Leaf attachment whorled Leaf color: Dark green Flower description: Deep yellow, with only one flower per seed stalk Seed description: Spherical clusters that appear as white puffballs. The seed resembles a parachute Reproduces by: Seed, rootstock U.S. states found in: Throughout the U.S. Countries found in: Mexico, South and Central America, Africa, Europe, Asia Golf course areas found in: Tees, fairways, roughs, low maintenance areas MONITORING: Begin scouting when average air temperatures reach 55 F (13 C) IPM Planning Guide 1 Dandelion Taraxacum officinale MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: Always check labels to determine turfgrass sensitivity to herbicides. For updated management information, see North Carolina State’s “Pest control for Professional Turfgrass Managers” Follow resistance management guidelines by rotating products as outlined in Weed Science Society of America’s Herbicide Site of Action Classification List Always consult the most recent version of all product labels before use. -
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes. A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ruyi Li BSc (Bio-Eng), MSc (Vit./Oen.) Northwest A&F University The University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine July 2012 Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................... iii Declaration...................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. ix Figures, Schemes and Tables......................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 1.1 General Introduction................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Carotenoids................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Definition, types and identification of carotenoids................................................. 3 1.2.2 Factors influencing the concentration of carotenoids -
A Comparison of the Anticancer Activities of Dietary Beta-Carotene, Canthaxanthin and Astaxanthin in Mice in Vivo
1: Anticancer Res 1999 May-Jun;19(3A):1849-53 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut A comparison of the anticancer activities of dietary beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in mice in vivo. Chew BP, Park JS, Wong MW, Wong TS. Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6320, USA. [email protected] The anticancer activities of beta-carotene, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin against the growth of mammary tumors were studied in female eight-wk-old BALB/c mice. The mice were fed a synthetic diet containing 0, 0.1 or 0.4% beta-carotene, astaxanthin or canthaxanthin. After 3 weeks, all mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(6) WAZ-2T tumor cells into the mammary fat pad. All animals were killed on 45 d after inoculation with the tumor cells. No carotenoids were detectable in the plasma or tumor tissues of unsupplemented mice. Concentrations of plasma astaxanthin (20 to 28 mumol/L) were greater (P < 0.05) than that of beta-carotene (0.1 to 0.2 mumol/L) and canthaxanthin (3 to 6 mmol/L). However, in tumor tissues, the concentration of canthaxanthin (4.9 to 6.0 nmol/g) was higher than that of beta-carotene (0.2 to 0.5 nmol/g) and astaxanthin (1.2 to 2.7 nmol/g). In general, all three carotenoids decreased mammary tumor volume. Mammary tumor growth inhibition by astaxanthin was dose-dependent and was higher than that of canthaxanthin and beta-carotene. Mice fed 0.4% beta-carotene or canthaxanthin did not show further increases in tumor growth inhibition compared to those fed 0.1% of each carotenoid. -
Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum Kok
plants Article Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Carolina Schuchovski 1 , Tea Meulia 2, Bruno Francisco Sant’Anna-Santos 3 and Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez 4,* 1 Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; [email protected] 3 Laboratório de Anatomia e Biomecânica Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-263-3822 Received: 13 August 2020; Accepted: 22 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin; TK) has received attention for its natural rubber content as a strategic biomaterial, and a promising, sustainable, and renewable alternative to synthetic rubber from fossil carbon sources. Extensive research on the domestication and rubber content of TK has demonstrated TK’s potential in industrial applications as a relevant natural rubber and latex-producing alternative crop. However, many aspects of its biology have been neglected in published studies. For example, floral development is still poorly characterized. TK inflorescences were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Nine stages of early inflorescence development are proposed, and floral micromorphology is detailed. Individual flower primordia development starts at the periphery and proceeds centripetally in the newly-formed inflorescence meristem. -
DANDELION Taraxacum Officinale ERADICATE
OAK OPENINGS REGION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DANDELION Taraxacum officinale ERADICATE This Best Management Practice (BMP) document provides guidance for managing Dandelion in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio and Southeast Michigan. This BMP was developed by the Green Ribbon Initiative and its partners and uses available research and local experience to recommend environmentally safe control practices. INTRODUCTION AND IMPACTS— Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) HABITAT—Dandelion prefers full sun and moist, loamy soil but can is native to Eurasia and was likely introduced to North America many grow anywhere with 3.5-110” inches of annual precipitation, an an- times. The earliest record of Dandelion in North America comes from nual mean temperature of 40-80°F, and light. It is tolerant of salt, 1672, but it may have arrived earlier. It has been used in medicine, pollutants, thin soils, and high elevations. In the OOR Dandelion has food and beverages, and stock feed. Dandelion is now widespread been found on sand dunes, in and at the top of floodplains, near across the planet, including OH and MI. vernal pools and ponds, and along roads, ditches, and streams. While the Midwest Invasive Species Information Net- IDENTIFICATION—Habit: Perennial herb. work (MISIN) has no specific reports of Dandelion in or within 5 miles of the Oak Openings Region (OOR, green line), the USDA Plants Database reports Dan- D A delion in all 7 counties of the OOR and most neighboring counties (black stripes). Dan- delion is ubiquitous in the OOR. It has demonstrated the ability to establish and MI spread in healthy and disturbed habitats of OH T © Lynn Sosnoskie © Steven Baskauf © Chris Evans the OOR and both the wet nutrient rich soils of wet prairies and floodplains as well Leaves: Highly variable in shape, color and hairiness in response to as sandy dunes and oak savannas. -
Effect of Carotenoids on Aflatoxin B1 Synthesis by Aspergillus Flavus
Postharvest Pathology and Mycotoxins Effect of Carotenoids on Aflatoxin B1 Synthesis by Aspergillus flavus Robert A. Norton USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604. Accepted for publication 24 April 1997. ABSTRACT Norton, R. A. 1997. Effect of carotenoids on aflatoxin B1 synthesis by type; lutein was similar to a-carotene and zeaxanthin was similar to ~ Aspergillus flavus. Phytopathology 87:814-821. carotene in inhibition. A mutant accumulating norsolorinic acid (NA), A. parasitiClis SRRC 162, incubated with a-carotene produced reduced levels Carotenes and xanthophylls occurring in yellow corn and related ter of both NA and aflatoxin, indicating that inhibition occurred before NA. penoids were tested for their effect on growth and aflatoxin B 1 produc Additional A. flavus strains tested against 50 Ilg/ml of ~-carotene had 89 tion by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, using the suspended disc culture to 96% inhibition, which was significantly more sensitive than NRRL method. Aflatoxin synthesis was inhibited at concentrations of ~-caro 3357. A. parasiticus strains were less sensitive and generally had similar tene, lutein, and zeaxanthin comparable to those found in the horny en or lower inhibition than NRRL 3357. The results indicate that the pre dosperm of mature corn. Usually growth was not significantly affected. sence of carotenoids in endosperm may decrease the amount of aflatoxin Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis was greater for compounds with an produced by A.flavus. a-ionone-type ring (a-carotene, lutein, or a-ionone) compared with com pounds with a ~-ionone ring. The presence of hydroxy groups on the rings Additional keywords: aflatoxin inhibition, ionones. -
Biocolorants and Its Implications in Health and Food Industry - a Review
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.3, No.4, pp 2228-2244, Oct-Dec 2011 Biocolorants and its implications in Health and Food Industry - A Review H. Rymbai1*, R.R. Sharma2, Manish Srivastav1 1Division of Fruits & Horticultural Technology, 2Division of Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India *Corres.author: [email protected] Mobile No. 09582155637 Abstract: Color is the main feature of any food item as it enhances the appeal and acceptability of food. During processing, substantial amount of color is lost, and make any food commodity attractive to the consumers, synthetic or natural colours are added. Several types of dyes are available in the market as colouring agents to food commodities but biocolorants are now gaining popularity and considerable significance due to consumer awareness because synthetic dyes cause severe health problems. Biocolorants are prepared from renewable sources and majority are of plant origin. The main food biocolorants are carotenoids, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, chlorophyll, betalain and crocin, which are extracted from several horticultural plants. In addition to food coloring, biocolorants also act as antimicrobials, antioxygens and thereby prevent several diseases and disorders in human beings. Although, biocolorants have several potential benefits, yet tedious extraction procedures, low colour value, higher cost than synthetic dyes, instability during processing etc., hinder their popularity. Although, it is presumed that with the use of modern techniques of biotechnology, these problems in extraction procedures will be reduced, yet to meet the growing demand, more detailed studies on the production and stability of biocolorants are necessary while ensuring biosafety and proper legislation. -
Raspberry Pomace - Composition, Properties and Application
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE European Journal ISSN 2449-8955 Review Article of Biological Research Raspberry pomace - composition, properties and application Agnieszka Joanna Brodowska Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland * Corresponding author: Agnieszka Brodowska; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2017; Revised submission: 24 March 2017; Accepted: 03 April 2017 Copyright: © The Author(s) 2017. European Journal of Biological Research © T.M.Karpi ński 2017. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495190 ABSTRACT industry by-product, is considered as a potential food ingredient. Its pomace contains plenty of Raspberry pomace can be valorised due to its valuable components such as carbohydrates, nutritionally favourable effect on human health. proteins, fats, fibre, flavours, pectins, vitamins, It is an important source of polyphenols, ellagic similar to the composition of whole raspberries [2]. acid, ellagitannins, tocopherols, unsaturated fatty Moreover, raspberry pomace is rich in a large group acids, and dietary fibre. Thus, raspberry pomace of various phenolics especially ellagitannins, can be considered as a potential raw material to proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, and receive products rich in polyphenols or dietary phenolic acids (especially, ellagic acid) which are fibre, which can provide healthy properties to food also predominant in berries [3]. -
Carotenoids Up-Regulate Connexin43 Gene Expression Independent of Their Provitamin a Or Antioxidant Properties1
(CANCER RESEARCH 52, 5707-5712, October 15, 1992] Carotenoids Up-Regulate Connexin43 Gene Expression Independent of Their Provitamin A or Antioxidant Properties1 Li-Xin Zhang, Robert V. Cooney, and John S. Bertram2 Molecular Oncology Unit, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 ABSTRACT their antioxidant capabilities were not. Neither activity was associated with the provitamin status of the various carotenoids Epidemiological evidence and studies in whole animals and cell cul tested (16). ture have indicated that carotenoids have cancer chemopreventive ac Here, we explore the mechanism by which various caro tion. In mouse C3H10T1/2 cells, this activity is highly correlated with the ability of carotenoids to up-regulate gap junctional intercellular tenoids elevate junctional communication. Gap junctions are communication. Here, we report that in mouse cells, carotenoids in composed of transmembrane proteins called connexins, which crease the expression of connexM.ì,a gene that encodes a major gap form a family of proteins (17). One member of this family, junction protein. This effect appears unrelated to their provitamin A Cx43,3 is a major gap junctional protein in various mammalian or antioxidant properties, since carotenoids with and without provitamin cells including 10T1/2 cells (18). The data indicate that caro A activity increased levels of connexin43 mRNA and protein, whereas tenoids enhance gap junctional communication by increasing the antioxidants methyl-bixin and a-tocopherol were inactive. More the levels of Cx43 mRNA and protein. This effect appears over, the active carotenoid canthaxanthin did not induce the vitamin unrelated to their provitamin A activity or antioxidant proper A-inducible gene retinoic acid receptor-0. -
Analysis of Chemical Composition of Cowpea Floral Volatiles and Nectar
i ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COWPEA FLORAL VOLATILES AND NECTAR BY CONSOLATA ATIENO AGER, B.Ed (Kenyatta) I56/7423/2001 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE SCHOOL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 2009 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my own original work and it has not been presented for award of a degree in any other university. Signed………………………..Date……………………… Consolata Atieno Ager Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Isaiah O. Ndiege Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Sauda Swaleh Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Ahmed Hassanali Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department (BCED) International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Remmy Pasquet Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department (MBBD) 1 2 International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) DEDICATION To my husband Godfrey Isaac Ochieng‟ and my children Mercy, Humphrey and Jeffrey 2 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I want to glorify and exalt the Almighty God for giving me sound health and mind during the entire research period. I register my sincere appreciation to my research supervisors: Prof. Isaiah Ndiege, Prof. Ahmed Hassanali, Dr. Remmy Pasquet and Dr. Sauda Swaleh for the guidance, comments, discussions, supervision, advice, support and encouragement they gave me during my research. Special thanks to all the staff of BCED and MBBD departments at ICIPE for technical assistance and cooperation during my stay at the center. -
Characterization of the Novel Role of Ninab Orthologs from Bombyx Mori and Tribolium Castaneum T
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 109 (2019) 106–115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibmb Characterization of the novel role of NinaB orthologs from Bombyx mori and Tribolium castaneum T Chunli Chaia, Xin Xua, Weizhong Sunb, Fang Zhanga, Chuan Yea, Guangshu Dinga, Jiantao Lia, ∗ Guoxuan Zhonga,c, Wei Xiaod, Binbin Liue, Johannes von Lintigf, Cheng Lua, a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China b College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China c Life Sciences Institute and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China d College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China e Sericulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China f Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ABSTRACT Carotenoids can be enzymatically converted to apocarotenoids by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases. Insect genomes encode only one member of this ancestral enzyme family. We cloned and characterized the ninaB genes from the silk worm (Bombyx mori) and the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). We expressed BmNinaB and TcNinaB in E. coli and analyzed their biochemical properties. Both enzymes catalyzed a conversion of carotenoids into cis-retinoids. The enzymes catalyzed a combined trans to cis isomerization at the C11, C12 double bond and oxidative cleavage reaction at the C15, C15′ bond of the carotenoid carbon backbone. Analyses of the spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that ninaB genes were differentially expressed during the beetle and moth life cycles with high expression in reproductive organs. -
Pigment Palette by Dr
Tree Leaf Color Series WSFNR08-34 Sept. 2008 Pigment Palette by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Autumn tree colors grace our landscapes. The palette of potential colors is as diverse as the natural world. The climate-induced senescence process that trees use to pass into their Winter rest period can present many colors to the eye. The colored pigments produced by trees can be generally divided into the green drapes of tree life, bright oil paints, subtle water colors, and sullen earth tones. Unveiling Overpowering greens of summer foliage come from chlorophyll pigments. Green colors can hide and dilute other colors. As chlorophyll contents decline in fall, other pigments are revealed or produced in tree leaves. As different pigments are fading, being produced, or changing inside leaves, a host of dynamic color changes result. Taken altogether, the various coloring agents can yield an almost infinite combination of leaf colors. The primary colorants of fall tree leaves are carotenoid and flavonoid pigments mixed over a variable brown background. There are many tree colors. The bright, long lasting oil paints-like colors are carotene pigments produc- ing intense red, orange, and yellow. A chemical associate of the carotenes are xanthophylls which produce yellow and tan colors. The short-lived, highly variable watercolor-like colors are anthocyanin pigments produc- ing soft red, pink, purple and blue. Tannins are common water soluble colorants that produce medium and dark browns. The base color of tree leaf components are light brown. In some tree leaves there are pale cream colors and blueing agents which impact color expression.