STB046 1939 the Carotenoid Pigments
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The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential ABA-Like Analogues: Prospective Substrates to Control Berry Ripening of Wine Grapes. A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ruyi Li BSc (Bio-Eng), MSc (Vit./Oen.) Northwest A&F University The University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine July 2012 Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................... iii Declaration...................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. ix Figures, Schemes and Tables......................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 1.1 General Introduction................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Carotenoids................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Definition, types and identification of carotenoids................................................. 3 1.2.2 Factors influencing the concentration of carotenoids -
Ricinus Cell Cultures. I. Identification of Rhodoxanthin
Hormone Induced Changes in Carotenoid Composition in Ricinus Cell Cultures. I. Identification of Rhodoxanthin Hartmut Kayser Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie and Armin R. Gemmrich Abteilung für Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Ulm, Postfach 40 66. D-7900 Ulm/Donau Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 50-54 (1984); received November 10. 1983 Rhodoxanthin. Carotenoids, Plant Cell Cultures, Plant Hormones, Ricinus communis When cell cultures of Ricinus communis are grown in light and with kinetin as the sole growth factor red cells are formed. The red pigmentation is due to the accumulation o f rhodoxanthin which is the major carotenoid in these cultures. The identification of this retro-type carotenoid is based on electronic and mass spectra, on chemical transformation to zeaxanthin, and on comparison with an authentic sample. Rhodoxanthin is not present in any part of the intact plant. The major yellow carotenoid in the red cultures is lutein. Introduction Materials and Methods Chloroplasts of higher plants contain a fairly Plant material constant pattern of carotenoids which function as accessory pigments in photosynthesis and protect The callus cultures are derived from the endo the chlorophylls and chloroplast enzymes against sperm of the castor bean. Ricinus communis; only photodestruction [1]. In contrast to this type of strain A, as characterized elsewhere [5]H was used. plastids, chromoplasts contain a great variety of The cells were cultivated under fluorescent white carotenoids, some of which are not found in other light (Osram L65W/32, 5 W /m 2) at 20 °C On a solid types of plastids. These pigments are responsible for Gamborg B5 medium [7] supplemented with 2% the bright red. -
Analysis of Chemical Composition of Cowpea Floral Volatiles and Nectar
i ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COWPEA FLORAL VOLATILES AND NECTAR BY CONSOLATA ATIENO AGER, B.Ed (Kenyatta) I56/7423/2001 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE SCHOOL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 2009 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my own original work and it has not been presented for award of a degree in any other university. Signed………………………..Date……………………… Consolata Atieno Ager Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Isaiah O. Ndiege Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Sauda Swaleh Department of Chemistry Kenyatta University Signed……………………..Date……………………… Prof. Ahmed Hassanali Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department (BCED) International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Signed……………………..Date……………………… Dr. Remmy Pasquet Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department (MBBD) 1 2 International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) DEDICATION To my husband Godfrey Isaac Ochieng‟ and my children Mercy, Humphrey and Jeffrey 2 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I want to glorify and exalt the Almighty God for giving me sound health and mind during the entire research period. I register my sincere appreciation to my research supervisors: Prof. Isaiah Ndiege, Prof. Ahmed Hassanali, Dr. Remmy Pasquet and Dr. Sauda Swaleh for the guidance, comments, discussions, supervision, advice, support and encouragement they gave me during my research. Special thanks to all the staff of BCED and MBBD departments at ICIPE for technical assistance and cooperation during my stay at the center. -
Characterization of the Novel Role of Ninab Orthologs from Bombyx Mori and Tribolium Castaneum T
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 109 (2019) 106–115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibmb Characterization of the novel role of NinaB orthologs from Bombyx mori and Tribolium castaneum T Chunli Chaia, Xin Xua, Weizhong Sunb, Fang Zhanga, Chuan Yea, Guangshu Dinga, Jiantao Lia, ∗ Guoxuan Zhonga,c, Wei Xiaod, Binbin Liue, Johannes von Lintigf, Cheng Lua, a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China b College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China c Life Sciences Institute and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China d College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China e Sericulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China f Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ABSTRACT Carotenoids can be enzymatically converted to apocarotenoids by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases. Insect genomes encode only one member of this ancestral enzyme family. We cloned and characterized the ninaB genes from the silk worm (Bombyx mori) and the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). We expressed BmNinaB and TcNinaB in E. coli and analyzed their biochemical properties. Both enzymes catalyzed a conversion of carotenoids into cis-retinoids. The enzymes catalyzed a combined trans to cis isomerization at the C11, C12 double bond and oxidative cleavage reaction at the C15, C15′ bond of the carotenoid carbon backbone. Analyses of the spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that ninaB genes were differentially expressed during the beetle and moth life cycles with high expression in reproductive organs. -
Pigment Palette by Dr
Tree Leaf Color Series WSFNR08-34 Sept. 2008 Pigment Palette by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Autumn tree colors grace our landscapes. The palette of potential colors is as diverse as the natural world. The climate-induced senescence process that trees use to pass into their Winter rest period can present many colors to the eye. The colored pigments produced by trees can be generally divided into the green drapes of tree life, bright oil paints, subtle water colors, and sullen earth tones. Unveiling Overpowering greens of summer foliage come from chlorophyll pigments. Green colors can hide and dilute other colors. As chlorophyll contents decline in fall, other pigments are revealed or produced in tree leaves. As different pigments are fading, being produced, or changing inside leaves, a host of dynamic color changes result. Taken altogether, the various coloring agents can yield an almost infinite combination of leaf colors. The primary colorants of fall tree leaves are carotenoid and flavonoid pigments mixed over a variable brown background. There are many tree colors. The bright, long lasting oil paints-like colors are carotene pigments produc- ing intense red, orange, and yellow. A chemical associate of the carotenes are xanthophylls which produce yellow and tan colors. The short-lived, highly variable watercolor-like colors are anthocyanin pigments produc- ing soft red, pink, purple and blue. Tannins are common water soluble colorants that produce medium and dark browns. The base color of tree leaf components are light brown. In some tree leaves there are pale cream colors and blueing agents which impact color expression. -
Identifying Anatomical Sites of Carotenoid Metabolism in Birds
Naturwissenschaften (2009) 96:987–988 DOI 10.1007/s00114-009-0544-7 COMMENTS & REPLIES Identifying anatomical sites of carotenoid metabolism in birds Kevin J. McGraw Received: 8 April 2009 /Accepted: 9 April 2009 /Published online: 20 May 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Carotenoid metabolism has long interested plant and animal identification (Wyss 2004), isotope labeling of precursors biochemists (Goodwin 1986; Lu and Li 2008). Identifying (Burri and Clifford 2004), and by inference from ex vivo tissue sites and enzymes responsible for carotenoid trans- chemical reactions (Khachik et al. 1998) or where caroten- formations (e.g., β-carotene to vitamin A) has been oid types exist in no other tissue type (McGraw 2004). challenging. Colorful birds have recently become a model del Val et al. (2009) undertook none of these types of for studying carotenoid nutrition and metabolism, in the investigation. The first step in such research is to rule out a context of sexual selection and honest signaling (McGraw dietary source to the pigment, but the authors did not study 2006). In a recent paper published in Naturwissenschaften, food carotenoids in crossbills; they sampled only liver, del Val et al. (2009) described carotenoid profiles in tissues skin, and feathers from accidentally field-killed animals and of male common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra), with the drew blood from molting birds. While red carotenoids are aim of localizing metabolic site(s) for a ketocarotenoid not currently thought to be common in diets of herbivorous pigment—3-hydroxy-echinenone (3HE)—present in red land birds (e.g., rubixanthin in rose hips, rhodoxanthin in feathers. They found 3HE in blood and liver, unlike Taxus berries), this is a key assumption to biochemically previous studies of colorful songbirds where metabolized validate for any species, given the paucity of information integumentary carotenoids were found only at peripheral on avian food carotenoids. -
Plant Carotenoids As Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs
foods Article Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs Kristina Kljak 1 , Klaudija Carovi´c-Stanko 1,2,* , Ivica Kos 1 , Zlatko Janjeˇci´c 1 , Goran Kiš 1, Marija Duvnjak 1 , Toni Safner 1,2 and Dalibor Bedekovi´c 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (Z.J.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (D.B.) 2 Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-1-2393-622 Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The Citation: Kljak, K.; Carovi´c-Stanko, 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. K.; Kos, I.; Janjeˇci´c,Z.; Kiš, G.; 21.79 µg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 µg/g). The tested plants did Duvnjak, M.; Safner, T.; Bedekovi´c,D. -
Effects of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on Chlorophyll and Carotenoids of Marigold (Calendula Officinalis L.)
id1185233 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com Available online at http://www.ijabbr.com International journal of Advanced Bi ological and Biomedical Research Volume 2, Issue 6, 2014: 1887-1893 Effects of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on Chlorophyll and Carotenoids of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Ali Salehi Sardoei* and Mojgan Shahdadneghad Young Researchers ans Elite Club, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Iran ABSTRACT Effect of gibberellic acid on marigold (Calendula Officinalis L.) was evaluated in a pot culture experiment. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design including 12 treatments and four replications was carried out. Main factor was foliar application stages (first, second and third) and -1 sub factor included different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, 150 and 250 mg L ). Results showed that foliar application of GA3 had positive effect on photosynthetic pigments. Effect of different concentrations of GA3 on chlorophyll a was significant (p<0.01). Chlorophyll a content was enhanced by -1 -1 increase in GA3 concentration up to 250 mg L treatment of 250 mg L resulted in production of 7.78 µg/ -1 L chlorophyll a, the index which was to some extent dropped in other concentrations. Different concentrations of GA3 had significant effect on chlorophyll b (p<0.01). Chlorophyll b was increased by -1 increase in GA3 concentration up to 250 mg L . the highest rate of total chlorophyll content and total -1 µg/ -1 pigment in three times of application and one application of 250 mg L was 14.6 and 15.4 L respectively; whereas the lowest chlorophyll and pigment content was observed in one foliar application µg/L-1 of control treatment with mean value as 4.67 and 5.5 . -
Halal Food Production
HALAL FOOD PRODUCTION © 2004 by CRC Press LLC HALAL FOOD PRODUCTION Mian N. Riaz Muhammad M. Chaudry CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riaz, Mian N. Halal food production / Mian N. Riaz, Muhammad M. Chaudry. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58716-029-3 (alk. paper) 1. Food industry and trade. I. Chaudry, Muhammad M. II. Title. TP370.R47 2003 297.5'76—dc22 2003055483 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0324846A1 Tomaschke Et Al
US 20090324846A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0324846A1 Tomaschke et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 31, 2009 (54) POLYENE PIGMENT COMPOSITIONS FOR Publication Classification TEMPORARY HIGHILIGHTING AND (51) Int. Cl MARKING OF PRINTED MATTER C09D II/02 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: John Tomaschke, San Diego, CA C08. 7/8 (2006.01) S. George Brown, Ramona, CA (s2 usic... 427/553; 106/31.6 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT BioTechnology Law Group 12707 High Bluff Drive Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a polyene Suite 200 compound and an additive selected from the group consisting fantioxidant. Surfactant, oil. wax. Solvent, and a combina Sanan DDiego, CA92130-2037 (US)US tionO thereof. Alsos discloseds Yu herein us ares methodss oftemporarily (73) Assignee: B&T TECHNOLOGIES, LLC marking a surface comprising marking the Surface with a San Diego, CA (US) s composition as disclosed herein, where the marking has a s color intensity; and exposing the Surface to ambient light and (21) Appl. No.: 12/146,400 ambient air, whereby the color intensity of the marking decreases over a period of time. Further, disclosed herein are (22) Filed: Jun. 25, 2008 markers comprising a composition as disclosed herein. US 2009/0324846 A1 Dec. 31, 2009 POLYENE PIGMENT COMPOSITIONS FOR soluble crayon markings on paper result in unsatisfactory TEMPORARY HIGHILIGHTING AND wrinkling damage of the paper Substrate. All of the aforemen MARKING OF PRINTED MATTER tioned color highlighting or marking removal techniques for paper Substrates require a time consuming additional treat FIELD OF THE INVENTION ment step. In particular, this additional removal step is very impractical for the quantities of textbook highlighting accu 0001. -
Vitamin a and Carotene Supplementation on Feedlot Lambs
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1983 Vitamin A and Carotene Supplementation on Feedlot Lambs Donald F. Samuel Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Samuel, Donald F., "Vitamin A and Carotene Supplementation on Feedlot Lambs" (1983). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4392. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/4392 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VITAMIN A AND CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION OF FEEDLOT LAMBS BY DONALD F. SAMUEL A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Major in Animal Science South Dakota St�te University 1983 SOUTH DA:<OTA STAT""' Ui'IVERSITY LIBRARY. VITAMIN A AND CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION OF FEEDLOT LAMBS This thesis is approved as a creditable and independent investigation by a candidate for the degree, Master of Science, and is acceptable for meeting the thesis requirements for this degree. Acceptance of this thesis does not imply that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department. L-awrence IB/ Emb"ry uaL.e Thesis Adviser Richard M. Luther Date hesis Adviser T --- John R. Romans 'uate Head, Department of· Animal and Range Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is extended by the author to Dr . -
Antioxidant Activity in Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes Favored by Nonpolar Environment and Disfavored by Hydrogen Bonding
antioxidants Review Antioxidant Activity in Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes Favored by Nonpolar Environment and Disfavored by Hydrogen Bonding Yunlong Gao 1,* , A. Ligia Focsan 2,* and Lowell D. Kispert 3 1 College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 2 Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA 3 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (A.L.F.) Received: 19 June 2020; Accepted: 9 July 2020; Published: 16 July 2020 Abstract: Carotenoids are well-known antioxidants. They have the ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge toxic free radicals preventing or reducing damage to living cells. We have found that carotenoids exhibit scavenging ability towards free radicals that increases nearly exponentially with increasing the carotenoid oxidation potential. With the oxidation potential being an important parameter in predicting antioxidant activity, we focus here on the different factors affecting it. This paper examines how the chain length and donor/acceptor substituents of carotenoids affect their oxidation potentials but, most importantly, presents the recent progress on the effect of polarity of the environment and orientation of the carotenoids on the oxidation potential in supramolecular complexes. The oxidation potential of a carotenoid in a nonpolar environment was found to be higher than in a polar environment. Moreover, in order to increase the photostability of the carotenoids in supramolecular complexes, a nonpolar environment is desired and the formation of hydrogen bonds should be avoided. Keywords: carotenoids; oxidation potentials; antioxidant activities; photostability; supramolecular complexes; β-glycyrrhizic acid; liposomes; MCM-41; TiO2; polarity of environment; hydrogen bond; anchoring mode 1.