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The Madhesi Movement in Nepal: a Study on Social, Cultural and Political Aspects, 1990- 2015
THE MADHESI MOVEMENT IN NEPAL: A STUDY ON SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS, 1990- 2015 A Dissertation Submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Philosophy By Anne Mary Gurung DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES February, 2017 DECLARATION I, Anne Mary Gurung, do hereby declare that the subject matter of this dissertation is the record of the work done by me, that the contents of this dissertation did not form the basis of the award of any previous degree to me or to the best of my knowledge to anybody else, and that the dissertation has not been submitted by me for any research degree in any other university/ institute. The dissertation has been checked by using URKUND and has been found within limits as per plagiarism policy and instructions issued from time to time. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science, School of Social Sciences, Sikkim University. Name: Anne Mary Gurung Registration Number: 15/M.Phil/PSC/01 We recommend that this dissertation be placed before the examiners for evaluation. Durga Prasad Chhetri Swastika Pradhan Head of the Department Supervisor CERTIFICATE This to certify that the dissertation entitled, “The Madhesi Movement in Nepal: A Study on Social, Cultural and Political Aspects, 1990-2015” submitted to Sikkim University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Political Science is the result of bonafide research work carried out by Ms. -
In a Big Blow to Oli, Supreme Court Annuls Appointments of 20 Ministers
WITHOUT F EAR OR FAVOUR Nepal’s largest selling English daily Vol XXIX No. 125 | 8 pages | Rs.5 O O Printed simultaneously in Kathmandu, Biratnagar, Bharatpur and Nepalgunj 35.6 C 14.0 C Wednesday, June 23, 2021 | 09-03-2078 Nepalgunj Jomsom In a big blow to Oli, Supreme Court annuls appointments of 20 ministers Interim order asserts government is a caretaker one and terms induction of new ministers earlier this month, after prime minister lost a confidence vote, unconstitutional. TIKA R PRADHAN final hearing on petitions against his KATHMANDU, JUNE 22 May 21 House dissolution. With Tuesday’s order, the Oli gov- The KP Sharma Oli government is a ernment is left with five ministers, caretaker government. including himself. This is what the Supreme Court The Article of the constitution the said on Tuesday, as it quashed appoint- court has cited to relieve the 20 minis- ments of 17 ministers and three minis- ters of their positions states that if ters of state, citing Article 77 (3) of the the Office of the Prime Minister falls constitution. vacant after the prime minister fails Responding to six different peti- to win a vote of confidence or resigns, tions filed against Oli’s move of the same Council of Ministers shall expanding his Council of Ministers continue to act until another Council twice after his May 21 House dissolu- of Ministers is constituted. tion decision–on June 4 and June 10–a Oli lost a vote of confidence on May divisional bench of Chief Justice 10 after at least 28 members from his Cholendra Shumsher Rana and jus- own party, the CPN-UML, decided to POST PHOTO: KABIN ADHIKARI tice Prakash Kumar Dhungana called abstain. -
DEMOCRACY at STAKE in NEPAL Relevant For: International Relations | Topic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed & Developing Countries on India's Interests
Source : www.thehindu.com Date : 2021-05-29 DEMOCRACY AT STAKE IN NEPAL Relevant for: International Relations | Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed & developing countries on India's interests Nepal is facing its severest political crisis in decades. The repeated dissolution of Parliament, from last December to May this year, is not just a manifestation of the power struggle between political parties and leaders in Nepal but also a dangerous game plan by national and international forces to dismantle the federal republican democratic Constitution and restore the old Hindu monarchical state. It is really anachronistic that the so-called Marxist-Leninist party headed by Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli is in collusion with Hindu monarchical forces in Nepal and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in India. A section of the Janata Samajbadi Party (JSP) led by Mahanta Thakur and Rajendra Mahato have been lured or forced to join hands with Mr. Oli, who is notorious for his anti-Madhesh tirade till the other day. Even when India’s political and diplomatic culture saw a departure from best past practices, it was expected that its official regime would always support multiparty democracy, progressive political action and changing fundamentals. The long shadow of political turmoil in Nepal Contrary to this, India is being seen backing an autocratic and unconstitutional regime, surviving in ‘caretaker mode’ with the connivance of Nepal’s President Bidya Devi Bhandari and Mr. Oli. In helping an unpopular and illegitimate regime in Kathmandu, the game-plan seems to be to derail the Constitution and plunge the country into endless crisis. -
Constituent Assembly Election 2064: List of Winning Candidates
Constituent Assembly Election 2064: List of Winning Candidates No. District Const Candidate Name Party Name Gender Age Ethnicity Total Votes 1 Taplejung 1 Surya Man Gurung Nepali Congress M 64 Janajati 8719 2 Taplejung 2 Damber Dhoj Tumbahamphe Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 50 Janajati 8628 3 Panchthar 1 Purna Kumar Serma Nepali Congress M 64 Janajati 12920 4 Panchthar 2 Damber Singh Sambahamphe Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 45 Janajati 12402 5 Ilam 1 Jhal Nath Khanal Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 58 Bahun 17655 6 Ilam 2 Subash Nembang Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 55 Janajati 17748 7 Ilam 3 Kul Bahadur Gurung Nepali Congress M 73 Janajati 16286 8 Jhapa 1 Dharma Prasad Ghimire Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 62 Bahun 15276 9 Jhapa 2 Gauri Shankar Khadka Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 47 Chhetri 18580 10 Jhapa 3 Purna Prasad Rajbansi Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 43 Janajati 16685 11 Jhapa 4 Dharma Sila Chapagain Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) F 35 Bahun 19289 12 Jhapa 5 Keshav Kumar Budhathoki Nepali Congress M 64 16466 13 Jhapa 6 Dipak Karki Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 47 Chhetri 14196 14 Jhapa 7 Bishwodip Lingden Limbu Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 32 Janajati 16099 15 Sankhuwasabha 1 Purna Prasad Rai Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 43 Janajati 12948 16 Sankhuwasabha 2 Dambar Bahadur Khadka Communist Party of Nepal (UML) M 42 Chhetri 10870 17 Tehrathum 1 Tulsi Subba Nepali Congress M 52 Janajati 19113 18 Bhojpur 1 Padam Bahadur Rai Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) M 41 Janajati 15796 19 -
Nepal: Identity Politics and Federalism
NEPAL: IDENTITY POLITICS AND FEDERALISM Asia Report N°199 – 13 January 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. IDENTITY POLITICS IN NEPAL ................................................................................. 3 A. ETHNIC ACTIVISM: PAST AND PRESENT ....................................................................................... 3 1. Before 1990 .................................................................................................................................. 3 2. After 1990 .................................................................................................................................... 4 B. ETHNIC DEMANDS AND THE “PEOPLE’S WAR” ............................................................................. 5 C. FEDERALISM AFTER THE PEACE DEAL .......................................................................................... 7 III. THE POLITICS OF FEDERALISM .............................................................................. 9 A. THE MAOISTS .............................................................................................................................. 9 B. THE MAINSTREAM PARTIES ....................................................................................................... 10 1. The UML: if you can’t convince them, -
Nepal's Troubled Tarai Region
NEPAL’S TROUBLED TARAI REGION Asia Report N°136 – 9 July 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. MADHES AND MADHESIS: THE ISSUES ............................................................... 2 III. POLITICS AND PLAYERS.......................................................................................... 5 A. POLITICS IN THE TARAI .........................................................................................................5 B. PARTIES ................................................................................................................................6 C. MILITANT AND FRINGE GROUPS ...........................................................................................9 IV. THE MADHESI MOVEMENT .................................................................................. 12 A. VIOLENCE IN THE TARAI .....................................................................................................12 B. THE RESPONSE....................................................................................................................13 V. THE CURRENT STATE OF PLAY........................................................................... 15 A. THE LIE OF THE LAND.........................................................................................................15 B. THE -
Nepal's Faltering Peace Process
NEPAL’S FALTERING PEACE PROCESS Asia Report Nº163 – 19 February 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................i I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 II. CONSENSUS OR CONFLICT? ......................................................................................2 A. WHAT’S LEFT OF THE PEACE PROCESS?.......................................................................................2 B. THE MAOIST-LED GOVERNMENT: IN OFFICE BUT NOT IN POWER? ..............................................3 C. OLD NEPAL: ALIVE AND WELL....................................................................................................5 D. THE RISKS OF FAILURE................................................................................................................6 III. PEACE PARTNERS AT ODDS.......................................................................................8 A. THE MAOISTS: BRINGING ON THE REVOLUTION?.........................................................................8 B. UNCERTAIN COALITION PARTNERS..............................................................................................9 C. THE OPPOSITION: REINVIGORATED, BUT FOR WHAT? ................................................................11 1. The Nepali Congress................................................................................................................. 11 2. The smaller parties ................................................................................................................... -
Understanding Nepal's Madhesi Movement and Its Future Trajectory
Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, Vol. 5, No.1, 2010 Understanding Nepal’s Madhesi movement and its future trajectory Pramod K. Kantha7 Wright State University In early 2007, Nepal’s hitherto sleepy Terai region became the epicenter of its continuing political turbulence. The Seven Party Alliance (SPA) of pro-democracy parties and the hitherto insurgent Maoists, known as the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-M) had signed a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in November 2006. As the two sides were forging a governing partnership, the country’s Terai region, home to almost half of Nepal’s population, was threatened by a violent movement that quickly engulfed the entire region. What had started as a protest against the exclusion of vital Madhesi issues (federalism, proportional representation etc.) from the just promulgated Interim Constitution turned into a massive rebellion resulting in the deaths of dozens of protesters. Spearheaded by a little known Madhesi civil society organization, the Madhesi People’s Rights Forum (MPRF), the movement showed resilience and ferocity. First denounced by the SPA government and the Maoists as foreign-inspired and regressive, the government had to quickly accept many of the Madhesi demands. To date the Madhesi movement has several accomplishments to its credit. Thanks to this movement, federalism and regional autonomy have become central to the state restructuring, the victims of Madhesi protests have officially been recognized as martyrs, and the Madhesi parties gained the fourth and fifth positions in the Constituent Assembly Elections of April 2008, with important role in the volatile coalitional politics of the country. -
India's Duality?
www.newsfront.com.np Kathmandu l 21-27 Jan, 2008 l # 50 l Price Rs. 25 India’s duality? BJP questions India’s Nepal policy ä nf correspondent security. It is also a threat to our democracy.” “Why then has the United Progressive India’s Nepal policy is more guided by the Alliance (UPA) government remained a silent appeasement of Maoists at the cost of pro- onlooker with communists in India playing the democracy forces ignoring its implications on role of a colluder, when constitutional monarchy India’s security, according to Bharatiya Janata was disbanded recently under the pressure of Party leader and its Prime Ministerial candidate Maoists? The monarchy in Nepal was a symbol for the next general election, LK Advani. of its unique national identity and a source of its Advani’s categorical disapproval of the identity,” he continued. government of India’s Nepal policy, comes in the This is first time that a major political party in background of interim parliament adopting the India questions its own government’s policy that resolution declaring Nepal a Republic state, with has virtually abandoned the twin pillar theory, the directive to the future constituent assembly after it mediated a deal between Nepal’s pro- to implement it. Advani said BJP was clearly in democracy parties and the Maoists in November favour of preservation of Nepal as a Hindu 2005. This also literally challenges the Indian Kingdom with constitutional monarchy. government to clarify, if its approach on Nepali He said the genuine aspirations of the people Maoists and the Indian Maoists are different. -
The Role of Nepalese Political Parties in Democracy (1990-2018) by Thapaliya, Ram Sharan
The Role of Nepalese Political Parties in Democracy (1990-2018) By Thapaliya, Ram Sharan Mr. Thapaliya is Pursuing PhD from Tribhuvan University, Contact: email: Abstract This research paper analyzes the role of political parties in the democratic period of 1990-2018. This period was dominantly ruled by Nepali Congress and Nepal Communist Party (NCP)- United Marxist Leninist (UML). This paper explores how the major political parties revisited their political policies and diversified their scope after the second people’s movement (SPM) as a way to address the pressure exerted by the inclusion agenda forwarded by the then Nepal Communist Party-Maoist. After the king assumed direct executive power through a political coup, the coalition of the parliamentarian parties knows as Seven Party Alliance and the rebelling Maoist party reached a twelve-point understanding which consequently led to declare Nepal a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of governance. But the intraparty feuds and the ideological divides between the democratic and the communist parties remain. Keywords: Political Parties, Democracy, Introduction This research paper discusses the role of political parties in institutionalizing democracy in Nepal after the restoration of democracy in 1990 till 2018. Kelly and Ashiagbor have considered “political parties form a cornerstone of democratic society”. The authors further view that “they aggregate the interests of the public, articulate them in the form of policy options and provide structures for political participation. In addition, they train political leaders and contest elections to seek a measure of control over government institutions” (Kelly and Ashiagbor, 2011). It means that political parties are a heart-soul chamber of democracy. -
Nepal – Terai – Madhesi/Pahadi Violence – State Protection
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: NPL33154 Country: Nepal Date: 17 April 2008 Keywords: Nepal – Terai – Madhesi/Pahadi violence – State protection This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide details regarding violence between Madhesis and Pahadis in Nepal since 2006. 2. What was the response of the government and the authorities? 3. Please advise if the police able and willing to protect Pahadis, in Kathmandu and elsewhere, who are under threat from Madhesis? RESPONSE 1. Please provide details regarding violence between Madhesis and Pahadis in Nepal since 2006. According to the available information, violence between Madhesis and Pahadis in the Terai increased in 2007. Armed groups espousing different agendas have proliferated in the Terai and the security situation is poor. Sources indicate that, as a generalisation, Madhesis (majority in the Terai) have long been discriminated against and under-represented in Nepal, while Pahadis (a minority in the Terai) have dominated Nepal politically and economically. Deepak Thapa states that “In the two years since the sidelining of Nepal’s monarchy in April 2006, and the restoration of a democracy that promised a more inclusive polity, the country has been characterised by a surge of ethno-nationalism. -
Occasional Paper JANUARY 2016
82 Occasional Paper JANUARY 2016 N: Finding A Way Forward R S N: Finding A Way Forward R S ABOUT THE AUTHOR Amb. Rakesh Sood joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1976 after completing postgraduate studies in Physics at St. Stephen's College, Delhi University. He subsequently pursued postgraduate studies in Economics and Defence Studies. He has served in the Indian missions in Brussels, Dakar, Geneva, and Islamabad in different capacities and also as Deputy Chief of Mission in Washington. In Delhi, Amb. Sood served as Director (Disarmament) and set up the Disarmament and International Security Affairs Division which he led for eight years upto 2000 as Joint Secretary (D&ISA), in the Foreign Ministry. During this period, he was responsible for multilateral disarmament negotiations (including CWC, CTBT and the BWC verification protocol), bilateral dialogues on CBMs with Pakistan, strategic dialogues with other countries especially after the nuclear tests in 1998, and India's role in the ARF. As India's first Ambassador - Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament at the United Nations, in Geneva, from 2001 to 2004, he chaired a number of Working Groups including the negotiations on landmines and cluster munitions. Amb. Sood served on UNSG's Disarmament Advisory Board (2002-03). He served as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2005 to 2008, to Nepal from 2008 to 2011 and to France from 2011 to 2013. He served for 36 years in the diplomatic service before retiring. In September 2013, Amb. Sood was appointed Special Envoy of the Prime Minister (SEPM) for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Issues; he held this position until May 2014.