NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY NMBGMR Open-file Geologic Map 235 Last Modified June 2014

Explanation Of Map Symbols Map Unit Descritions

106°45'0"W 106°42'30"W 106°40'0"W 106°37'30"W Quaternary And Neogene Post-Santa Fe Group alluvium on elevated valley margins 340000 341000 342000 343000 344000 345000 346000 347000 348000 349000 350000 Former shoreline—Identity and existance certain location accurate Qatfo Alluvium on high terrace of Turututu Draw deposited on local inset Rio Grande 34°30'0"N 34°30'0"N Qav Qsx deposits (middle Pleistocene)—White to pale-brown (10 YR 8/2-8/3), unconsolidated sand Qsx Post-Santa-Fe-Group units common to whole map Rio Grande terrace deposits after abandonment of highest level of Rio Grande deposit Qav and gravel of Tutututu Draw perhaps deposited as a valley-mouth fan on Qsx2. Clasts are a Qaom1 af Qsx Cross section line Qav combination of well-rounded Rio Grande gravel and subangular Proterozoic quartzites and Qaa3 Alluvium of stream valleys Qsy Qaom2 Qam2 Qaa1 Qrgt2 Rio Grande alluvium, intermediate terrace deposits (middle Pleistocene)—White to other metamorphic rocks, limestone, red sandstone, basalt, and basaltic andesite. pale-brown (10 YR 8/2-8/3; 7.5 YR 5/4), poorly consolidated, pebbly to cobbly sand and Pedogenic carbonate is Stage III. Thickness ranges from 0 to 5 m. Qaom Qaom2 Contact—Identity and existance certain, location accurate clast-supported gravel. On adjacent Abeytas quadrangle, lower (Qrgt3) and higher 3818000 Qay Channels and floodplains of major arroyo floors (Historic and Holocene)—Poorly to Qaom2 (Qrgt1) terraces are delineated (McCraw et al., 2007) , but not expressed on the Black Qaom1 moderately sorted, unconsolidated pebble- to cobble-alluvium and fine- to coarse- Qae1 Alluvium and eolian deposits, undivided (Holocene to upper Pleistocene)—Poorly 000 Butte quadrangle. Unconformably overlies red sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate of 3818 Qay Qae1 grained sand with local accumulations of cobbles and small boulders in channels, and consolidated, poorly sorted and poorly stratified tributary alluvium and eolian sand and Qaom Qaa2 Contact—Identity and existance certain, location approximate Qaom2 Qae1 unit QTsp on adjacent Abeytas quadrangle (McCraw et al., 2007). Cross-bedded gravels are Qaom2 Qaa2 silt and clay in backwaters and floodplains. Sand colors generally range from 5YR light silt sheets in tributary drainages and on intermediate inset terrace levels; thickness varies Qam2 Qabd generally pebbles smaller than 5 cm in diameter, but a few clasts are up to 20 cm in Qae2 Qaom2 values to 10 YR light values. Underlies narrow to broad streams; channels are inset from less than 1 m to 5 m. Locally, Qae1 fills older swales closer to sediment source diameter. Pebbles consist of well-rounded, extrabasinal clasts of igneous and Qay Qav against low terrace and floodplain deposits. Includes active alluvium of Abo, Isabel, terranes than Qsy and Qso, and has accumulated more calcium carbonate and iron-oxides metamorphic rocks, particularly orthoquartzite, and polished chert pebbles and cobbles. Fault generic—Identity and existance certain, location accurate Pino, Turututu, and Maes drainages. Deposits are generally thin and range from less in the B horizon and has more reworked pebbles at the surface than Qae2. Qae1 is Qaa1 Sparse rounded pebbles of Rabbit Mountain (Jemez Mountains; 1.4 Ma) and East Grants Qaa5 af than 1 m to more than 4 m thick. traceable down drainages to the same level as Qay, although in some reaches Qae1 grades QTsps Ridge (Grants; 3 Ma) obsidians are also present. Deposits sit between 43 and 50 m above Qaa5 down to Qav, Qas, or Qsy. Qae1 deposits are between 1 m and 5 m thick. Qae2 is younger Qsw Qay Qaa5 Qam1 Fault generic—Identity and existance certain, location approximate the present Rio Grande floodplain. Qav Abandoned and active valley bottom alluvium recently incised by modern channels and has less pedogenic calcium carbonate and iron oxides, and few pebbles at the surface. Qaa4 3817000 Qay QTsps Qsw Qae2 is traceable down drainages to the Qay or Qav level. Qae2 deposits are generally thin Qaa5 Qaa5 (Holocene and upper Pleistocene)—Poorly to moderately sorted, unconsolidated fine- af Qsx Qsx2 Rio Grande alluvium, oldest terrace deposits (middle Pleistocene)—White to pale- and range from less than 1 m to more than 3 m thick. 000 Qaa5 Qsw to coarse-grained sand with local accumulations of cobbles and small boulders in 3817 Fault generic—Identity and existance certain, location concealed Qsw Qaa5 Qsx Qabd channels, and silt and clay in backwaters and former floodplains. Sand colors generally brown (10 YR 8/2-8/3; 7.5 YR 5/4), poorly exposed, poorly consolidated, pebbly to cobbly Qaom1 sand and clast-supported gravel. Gravels are generally pebbles smaller than 5 cm in Qaa5 range from 5YR light values to 10 YR light values. Soils, where developed, are thin and Santa Fe Group Qay diameter, but a few clasts are up to 20 cm in diameter. Pebbles consist of well-rounded, Qaom barely achieve even Stage I pedogenic carbonate horizons. Near Scholle, in Abo Canyon Normal Fault—Identity and existance certain, location accurate 19 km east of the quadrangle, Hall et al. (2012) obtained radiocarbon ages of 11,100 and extrabasinal clasts of igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly orthoquartzite, and Qaa5 Qay 12,300 cal yr BP in a wet-meadow deposit at depths between 5.77 and 6.67 m in similar polished chert pebbles and cobbles. Sparse rounded pebbles of Rabbit Mountain (Jemez Qsx Sierra Ladrones Formation, axial-fluvial deposits (upper Santa Fe Group, lower Qaom Qay alluvium. Deposits are generally more than 2 m exposed and locally form bluffs several Mountains; 1.4 Ma) and East Grants Ridge (Grants; 3 Ma) obsidians are also present. Pleistocene)—White to pale-brown (10 YR 8/2-8/3) pebbly medium-coarse sand. Pebble Qaa5 and cobble gravels consist of well-rounded volcanic rocks (~40%), granite (25%), Qsw Qsy Qav Normal Fault—Identity and existance certain, location approximate meters high. Deposits sit approximately 70 m above the present Rio Grande floodplain. Bluff line of Qsx1 Qsw Qam1 terrace is along the northern edge of the Sunwell surface of Qsx deposits on the western orthoquartzite (20%), polished multicolored chert (15%), and uncommon subangular clasts 000 QTsps 3816 Qay Qaa5 Qsy part of U.S. Highway 60. Thickness is probably less than 5 m. of the fan facies reworked into the fluvial deposits. The most distinctive clasts are obsidians Qsw af Qav from Rabbit Mountain (Jemez Mountains; 1.4 Ma) and East Grants Ridge (Grants, 3 Ma). 3816000 Qaa8 Qaa5 Normal Fault—Identity and existance questionable, location approximate Qam Alluvium, undivided deposits at intermediate valley-border levels along tributaries Qaom1 (upper to middle Pleistocene)—Weakly consolidated sand and gravel associated with Associated with the upper part of this unit are rare clasts of ashflow tuff probably derived Qsw QTsps Qaa5 Alluvium of Abo and Isabel drainages inset after abandonment of highest level of Qaa8 Qaa6 modern drainages. Inset against older alluvium of large fans and is, where possible, from floods along the Rio Grande after the upper Bandelier Tuff eruption, documented Qswf Qam1 Rio Grande deposits Qaa5 Qav farther north east of the Rio Grande. Qsx1 is a coarse cobble unit that locally holds up an Qaa3 Qav Normal Fault—Identity and existance certain, location concealed divided locally into two subunits, Qam1 and Qam2. Pedogenic carbonate horizons reach Stage II. Colors are from 5YR to10YR light values. Thicknesses are between 5 m to 10 m. elevated remnant of Qsx beneath the communications tower along U.S. Highway 60 west of Qsw Qaa7 Qe Qaa6 QTsps Qaa1 Qaa5 Qam2 Alluvium, undivided inset terrace and fan deposits (upper middle Pleistocene)— Qsxo Qaa7 Qaom Pino Draw crossing. The unit is poorly exposed. Unit is 0 to 7 m thick. Qsw Qpl Unconsolidated sand and gravel associated with valley Abo valley borders (north and Qaom1 Qaom1 Qav Qsw Qaa5 Qsw af Qsw Qaa8 south) and inset fans upstream from mouth of Abo Valley that also extend along the Qaa5 Qaom1 Qsxo Sierra Ladrones Formation, mixed axial-fluvial deposits and distal fans (upper Santa Fe Qsy Qsy western edge of the quadrangle to the southwest. Gravels are subangular to subrounded QTsps QTsps Qsw 3815000 Qsy Swale bottom alluvium without inset channels or preserved eolian deposits, Group, lower Pleistocene)—Interbedded sands and gravels from the Rio Grande and b e l af a D r Qam Qsxo undivided (Holocene and upper Pleistocene)—Poorly to moderately sorted, pebbles and cobbles of limestone, sandstone, granitic, and metamorphic rock types s a w Qsx Qpl Qam1 Qaom2 alluvial fans from eastern and southeastern sources. Fluvial gravels contain abundant well- I indicating derivation from uplands to the east. The gravel matrix and finer-grained beds 000 Qsy unconsolidated fine- to coarse-grained sand and silt with rare local accumulations of 3815 Qaom1 rounded clasts of volcanic rocks (~40%), granite (25%), rounded orthoquartzite (20%) and af pebbles. Colors are similar to Qav. Swales are inset below other alluvial terrace deposits, of alluvium are typical Abo colors (5YR 7/3). Inset against the Sierra Ladrones formation. Qaa9 Qaa5 polished rounded chert (15%) where as local fan alluvium clasts are subangular to Qay Qav Overlies all of the Rio Grande terraces of McCraw et al. (2007) Qaa9 but have indistinct boundaries with flanking slope deposits. Deposits are generally thin subrounded limestone, sandstone, Proterozoic granitic and metamorphic rocks, and basalt. Qsxo Qswf Qae1 Qam af Qsy Qaa5 and range from less than 1 m to more than 2 m thick. The geochemical fingerprint of pumice clasts as pebbles, granules, and a pumice-raft Qav Qswf Qsy Qvf2 Qaom Qay Qam e Qaa1 Alluvial deposits along discrete paths of the Abo drainage after valley entrenchment deposit near the base of exposures is consistent with the Guaje pumice eruption at the base Qay Qav Qaom Qafbs n Qafo2 Alluvium with secondary eolian sediment in broad (50 m to 100 m) shallow (less than began (middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated gravel and sand (colors) associated with of the Otowi Member of the Lower Bandelier Tuff (1.61 Ma; Kelley et al. 2013). The unit is e o Qso Qav Qsw Qaa9 Qaa5 n Qso valley borders, particularly south of Abo Valley and along Isabel Draw. Gravels are poorly exposed on hillslopes and in arroyo banks on the western side of the quadrangle. Qsy Z —Poorly to moderately sorted, Qav Qsx 10 m) swales (Holocene to middle Pleistocene) Qaa2 Qaom o Qaa5 subangular to subrounded pebbles and cobbles of limestone, sandstone, granitic, and Unit combined with Qsx is estimated to be 60 m thick on the west side of the quadrangle, t unconsolidated fine- to coarse-grained sand and silt with rare local accumulations of Qav z Qvf4 000 l 3814 metamorphic rock types indicating derivation from uplands to the east. Rare clasts of 34°27'30"N pebbles, without inset channels or mappable eolian deposits of the Abo/Pino fan but thins to 0 m at the river's old bluff line to east. Qaom Qswf u 34°27'30"N Qaa3 Qrgt2 t rounded Rio-Grande-derived pebbles are reworked from older Qsx deposits to the east. Qsw a Qsw complex. Swales are inset below older alluvial deposits, but have indistinct boundaries 3814000 Qaa9 l

u F Inset against the Sierra Ladrones Formation. Pedogenic carbonate horizons reach Stages Qsy with flanking slope deposits. Matrix is generally slightly reddish with a mixture of less Qrgt2 a Sierra Ladrones Formation, sandstone- and mudstone-dominated generalized piedmont V a r g a s Qaa4 QTsps Qaom f Qafbs than 5 cm diameter subangular clasts of Precambrian quartzite, granite, chert, and II-III. Qaa1 is highest and easternmost inset level of inset fan deposits on both sides of y deposits (upper Santa Fe Group, lower Pleistocene to Pliocene)—Pink (7.5 YR 7/3), Qsy Qvf1 Abo valley, roughly 30-35 m above the valley floor, and Qaa2 is locally inset below that. Qrgt2 QTsps o a uncommon schist and gneisses (50-60%), sub-angular to sub-rounded limestone b reddish-yellow (5YR6/6), red (2.5 YR 5/6) and reddish-brown (2.5 YR 4/4), poorly exposed, w Qaa5 Qaa3 is slightly inset below that and extends farther west on both sides of the valley. Qsw A Qafo1 (30-40%), and blocky sub-angular red fine-grained laminated sandstone (10-20%). h C o m a l e s unconsolidated to poorly consolidated, uncemented to cemented, mudstones and Qsxo - Units Qaa4 through Qaa9 occur along the Abo-Isabel drainage divide farther west and Qrgt2 g Channels are visible and nominally active. Eolian accumulations are thin without s C u c h i l l a sandstones with moderately sorted tabular, crossbedded sandstone and scattered, irregular Qvf1 i identifiable deposits of sand sheets, dunes or wind ripples. Soils are similar to extend down Isabel Draw to the southwest. Qaa6 consists of coarse cobbles of Abo e QTsps H Qaa6 pebbly sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone lenses. Beds commonly form sequences Qaa9 a surrounding units, but generally are Stage III-IV. Thicknesses range from alluvium at an intermediate terrace level near the head of Isabel Draw. is a lower y Qafbs with a basal conglomerate that fines upward into sand and mud that is locally capped by M r QTsps 1 m to 3 m. inset terrace along Isabel Draw and one of its tributaries that contains a mixture of Abo a 3813000 Qaa7 calcic paleosols, thin rhizoconcretionary beds, and cemented tufa-like spring-groundwater- Qapf t clasts and locally reworked Rio Grande sediments derived from Qsxo and Qsx. Qswf i precipitated deposits. Pebbles comprised of subangular Proterozoic granite and Qso l Thicknesses range between 3 and 7 m. 3813000 i Qafo1 metamorphic rocks. Sandstone beds tend to comprise less than 30% of the unit. Mudstone Qsx Qaftt1 Anthropogenic deposits Qaa8 QTsps M Qaftt1 Qsxo Qsx Qswf units locally contain concretionary masses of gypsum crystals. Commonly overtopped by Qaa9 fan deposits (e.g. Qsfd) and ancestral Rio Grande deposits (Qsx). May include tongues of QTsps Artificial fill (historic)—Dumped fill and areas affected by human disturbances. Qvf3 af Qaa9 Qsxo in west-central part of quadrangle. Exposed thickness in valley walls ranges from 0 Qsxo Mapped where disturbances are extensive; areas commonly include levees and small Qay Qsw QTsps Qay QTsps Qaftt1 to more than 20 m and local water wells penetrate at least 165 m. Qapf Qsx Qsx earth-fill dams, paved raised roads, and dairies. Qav C a b r e s t o Qsy Qapf Qaftt1 Alluvium of Amizette Draw and east Vargas fans after abandonment of highest level of Rio Qav Qav Qabd Sierra Ladrones Formation, upper-level coarse-grained fan deposits from Abo drainage Qapf Qsy Eolian deposits Grande deposits Qsw Qsx (upper Santa Fe Group, lower Pleistocene)—Pink to reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6-7/3), Qswf Qafo1 3812000 Qay Qav Qaftt2 poorly consolidated, uncemented to locally well cemented, poorly to moderately sorted Qsxo Qswf Qafo1 Eolian deposits, undivided (Holocene to upper Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated, well- conglomerate, pebbly sand, and red mudstone. Because of pedogensis, some stripped 3812000 Qpf Qpl Qe Qvf1 Alluvium at low and intermediate levels of valley of Amizette Draw and east Vargas Figure 1—View southwest across Black Butte quadrangle from high Abo-fan surface (Qabd) across Abo valley, inset Abo terraces, faulted plains of old Abo fans, to sorted and locally stratified eolian sand in thin sheets and coppice dunes draped across Qafo1 Black Butte. Magdalena Mountains on skyline, Socorro and Lemitar mountains in far middle distance. fans (upper to middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel associated with surfaces are gray to pale cream-colored (10YR7/2-7/3), poorly consolidated, uncemented to Qafo2 Qsy Qsxo Qsxo QTsps pre-existing topographic features such as intermediate inset terraces, inactive stream paths of Amizette drainage and its fans on easternmost Qsx. Inset against older alluvium locally well cemented, poorly to moderately sorted conglomerate and pebbly sand. Locally Qsw Qsx Qvf2 Qsw Qav QTsps Qsw channels, and colluvial wedges. Colors are generally 10 YR light values. Thickness varies of large Santa-Fe-age Abo fans such as Qafft1 as the drainage incised across the Military the surfaces developed extensive desert pavement and some clasts are covered with rock Qswf Qafo2 from less than 1 m to 5 m. Highway fault zone. Divided into packages of inset fans from oldest to youngest: Qvf1, varnish. Bedding follows planar westward slope. Clasts include subangular to subrounded QTsps Qafo2 Qvf3 Qav Qvf2, Qvf3, and Qvf4. Qvf4 connects upstream with Qsy in the valley of Amizette Draw. pebbles to boulders of rocks from the Abo Pass area, including red sandstones, brown-to- Qswf Pedogenic carbonate horizons reach Stage II on Qvf1. Pebbles consist of a mixture of tan sandstones, limestones, granite, granite gneiss, amphibolite, metarhyolite, and Qafi1 Qafi1 QTsps Playa deposits Qapf Qvf4 reworked Abo and Rio Grande gravels. Colors are from 5YR to 10YR light values. quartzite. Has a scoured basal contact with underlying finer-grained deposits. Locally Qswf Qafi0 Qpfo Qswf Qso Qsx Qpl 000 Thicknesses are estimated to be between 3 m to 7 m. forms bluff line cut by axial-fluvial deposits of ancestral Rio Grande (Qsx). Pedogenic QTsps Qafo1 3811 Qpl Playa deposits with secondary eolian sediment in broad (50 m to 100 m) shallow (less carbonate horizon at top of unit reaches at least Stage IV. Qabd underlies high planar Qatf than 5 m) closed basins (historic to middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated, fine-grained 3811000 surface on north side of Abo valley. Qafo1 and Qafo2 underlie high planar surfaces on the sand, silt, and clay. Playas are inset below older alluvial deposits, but have indistinct Alluvium of Pino Draw after abandonment of highest level of Rio Grande deposits Qso south side of Abo valley, with Qafo2 slightly inset below Qafo1. Exposed thickness of Qafi1 Qam boundaries with flanking slope deposits and swales. Many developed in grabens or low Qpl Qso whole unit ranges up to 20 m. hanging-wall settings. Qplo deposits are in depressions developed on lower Pleistocene Alluvium of Pino Draw upstream from Black Butte Qafi2 Qso Qafi2 abandoned fan surfaces. Colors similar to surrounding slopes. Thickness ranges Qay QTsps from 0 to 2 m. Qafbs Sierra Ladrones Formation, slightly inset upper-level coarse-grained fan deposits from Qapf Qafo1 Qats Qswf Qapf Qap Alluvium at an intermediate level between Qafi and Qam along the valley of Pino draw Abo drainage (upper Santa Fe Group, lower Pleistocene)—Pink to reddish-yellow (7.5YR Qatf Qsx1 Qso Qam af Qafi1 Qso Correlation Of Map Units (Holocene to upper Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel associated with the 6/6-7/3), poorly exposed, poorly consolidated, uncemented to locally cemented, poorly to Qaftt1 Qplo Deposits are in depressions developed on lower Pleistocene abandoned path of Pino Draw and interaction with toes north-trending piedmont from the south moderately sorted cobble and pebble gravel, and pebbly sand. These broad inset fan Qsx 3810000 fan surfaces. Qatfo units in common drainage-specific units (Qpbs, Qfm, and Qpfs). Sediments are generally slightly reddish, poorly sorted sands with remnants are below the maximum aggradational sufaces of Qafo1 and Qafo2, but their Qsx Qaftt2 Qswf Qsx1 Qpl small gravels and a Stage II soil. Gravels are subangular and are dominated by granite, connection to inset Abo-valley pathways farther east remains problematic. Locally some 3810000 QTsps Qapf Qplo

Qatf Draw-Vargas Qay Qatfo Pino Draw granitic gneiss, schist, chert, and quartzite with uncommon limestone and rare red clasts are covered with rock varnish. Bedding follows planar westward slope. Clasts downstream

Qatfo Rio Grande Abo Valley Abo Valley North Side Qay Qay South Side Colluvial and slope deposits Palo Duro Small Fan Sepultura Los Pinos Amizette Turututu drainage Qsx2 upstream

Interfan sandstone clasts. It is between less than 1 m to 2 m above the active channel of Pino Draw Bootleg include subangular to subrounded pebbles to cobbles of rocks from the Abo Pass area, eolian Isabel Draw Draw Qapf Qam Playa Fan Fan with a diffuse upper edge. Sediment thicknesses range from less than 1 m to 2 m.

fan including red sandstones, brown-to-tan sandstones, limestones, granite, granite gneiss, alluvium colluvium Qsx2 Qswf Qafi2 Qav Qc Colluvium undivided (Holocene to middle Pleistocene)—Poorly consolidated, poorly amphibolite, metarhyolite, and quartzite. Has a scoured basal contact with underlying QTsps Qats Qsx Qatfo Historic Qay Qvf4 Qpf Qpfb Qpfs sorted, and poorly stratified, fine- to coarse-grained, clast- and matrix-supported 34°25'0"N 34°25'0"N (Abeytas) finer-grained deposits of QTsps. Pedogenic carbonate horizon 1-2 m thick at top of unit Qe Qpl (Qrg) Qafi3 Alluvium at intermediate levels of upper valley of Pino Draw (upper to middle Qav Qam Qsy deposits derived from a variety of mass-movement hillslope processes, including reaches Stage III. Qafbs underlies high inset planar surface on south edge of Abo valley and Qsy Qswf Holocene Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel associated with inset fans and paths of Qap 11 Ka Qav raveling of single clasts, debris flows, shallow slumps, and creep. overlying and more extensive surface along north side of Amizette Draw. The surface of this deposit Qap Qay Pino Draw. Inset below higher Abo fan deposits Qafo1 and Qafo2 as the drainage

Qam Qats Qam Qvf3 Qatf Qfm interfingering with tributary alluvium at intermediate inset terrace levels. Clasts are Qafi2 shows maximum amount of offset across Military Road fault zone. Qaftt1 underlies a 3809000 Qapf Qae2 incised across the Military Highway fault zone. The sediment has a matrix of pale- Qam2 Ttr Qsx Qsw Qam typically rounded to subangular pebbles and cobbles reworked from units Tlp, Ttr, Qsfp, Qaftt2 reddish, poorly sorted, fine- to coarse-grained sand with subangular granitic, slightly lower planar surface on the south side of Amizette Draw, and is local and upper Qpf, Qsx and Qsfd. Colluvium is common on hillslopes and grades downslope to A af Qap Qam1 slightly inset below Qaftt1. Exposed thickness of whole unit ranges up to 5 m. 3809000 Qc QTsps Ttr Qvf2 Qafi1 metamorphic, limestone, fine-grained red sandstone common gravels and uncommon Qats Qae2 Qc alluvium. Both are dissected. Thickens downslope from less than 1 m to 5 m. Tlp cobbles reflective of upstream terrains and reworking of clasts from the older Abo fan Tlp Tlp Tlp Ttr Qam af Qay T u Qafi0 deposits (Qafo1 and Qafo2). Clasts are approximately 60% granitic and metamorphic Qsfd Sierra Ladrones Formation, coarse-grained fan deposits from Palo Duro drainage (upper r t Colluvium and slope-wash deposits on gentle slopes (historic to middle Pleistocene)— Qae2 u Qats Qsw rocks, 30% limestone and 10% red sandstone. Divided into packages of inset fans from t Santa Fe Group, lower Pleistocene)—Pink to reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6-7/3), poorly u Tlp A’ Poorly consolidated, poorly sorted, and poorly stratified, primarily sand- to clay-sized Qsx Qay Qafi3 oldest to youngest: Qafi0, Qafi1, Qafi2, and Qafi3. Inset levels north of Pino Draw may consolidated, uncemented to locally well-cemented, poorly to moderately sorted D r a w Qsw clasts, with matrix-supported larger pebbles derived from adjacent deposits via local reflect paths of the Abo drainage before Pino Draw was established. Soils range from Qafi3 Qap conglomerate and pebbly sand. Bedding follows planar northwestward sloping surfaces hillslope processes and eolian contributions. Overlies and interfingers with tributary Qafi2 Qafi3 Qafi1 Qafi0 Qsx Pleistocene Stage III in and , to Stage III-IV on to Stage IV-IV+ on , but the with local desert pavement. Clasts include subangular to subrounded pebbles to boulders Qam alluvium and swales. Locally dissected by rills and small gullies. Locally stable enough Qswf Qcxd Qsw proportions of clast lithologies remain approximately constant. Qe Qe Qc of rocks from the southern Los Pinos Mountains, including granite, granite gneiss, 000 128 Ka to develop Stage I-II pedogenic carbonate horizons. Thickens downslope from less 3808 amphibolite, metarhyolite, quartzite, sandstone, limestone, basalt, basaltic andesite, and (Abeytas) than 1 m to 5 m. Qrgt3 rhyolite. Has a scoured basal contact with underlying finer-grained deposits. It overlies top 000 Alluvium of Pino Draw downstream from Black Butte 3808 of axial fluvial deposits of ancestral Rio Grande (Qsx) and general piedmont deposits Qae2 Qae1 Qswf Colluvium and slope-wash deposits on slopes related to fault scarps (historic to (QTsps). Medial and proximal parts of the fan(s) on the Becker SW quadrangle show inset middle Pleistocene)—Poorly consolidated, poorly sorted, and poorly stratified, Qapf Alluvium along low-level terrace in Pino valley and fan on Rio Grande terrace (upper elevations and two or more episodes of fan activity not mapped on the Black Butte Qaom Qaom Qaom2 Qaom2 Qaom primarily sand- to clay-sized clasts, with matrix-supported larger pebbles and cobbles to middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated, poorly sorted, reddish sand and gravel along Qe quadrangle. Thickness ranges up to 15 m. Qaom1 Qaom1 derived from adjacent deposits uphill on fault scarps. Mass-movement hillslope terrace of Pino Draw and its fan on westernmost eroded Qsxo and Qrgt2. Clasts are a Qafi3 Qsfd processes, eolian contributions, and bioturbation cause poor sorting. Locally dissected mixture of subangular Proterozoic quartzites and other metamorphic rocks, limestone, Qrgt2 Qae1 by rills and small gullies. Thickens downslope from less than 1 m to 5 m. red sandstone, and well-rounded pebbles of ancestral Rio Grande gravel. Inset against Paleogene Qsfd Qso Qaa9 Qaa9 older alluvium and general Santa-Fe-Group basin-fill QTsps. Elevation of tread above

Neogene Qpfo QTsps 3807000 Pino Draw is approximately 5 m. Pedogenic carbonate is Stage II. Thickness ranges Qay Qae2 Qae1 Qsfd Qpfs Colluvium and slope-wash deposits on slopes related to fault scarps (historic to Tlp La Jara Peak Basaltic Andesite, (probably tongue 5, upper Oligocene)—Mostly medium- Qcxd Qae2 Qaa8 Qaa8 Qvf1 from 0 to 7 m. gray to purplish-gray, massive and platy to vesicular basaltic andesite lavas characterized 3807000 middle Pleistocene)—Includes poorly-exposed outcrops of coarse-grained cobbly Qae2 by moderately abundant (5–10%) fine- to medium-grained phenocrysts of olivine, usually Qav Qaa7 Qaa7 alluvium from the Palo Duro fan interpreted to be interfingering with ancestral Rio QTsps Qpfb altered to reddish brown iddingsite. Phenocrystic plagioclase is typically absent. Thin Qav Grande deposits (Qsx) along the fault scarp east of the pipeline along the northern Qpfo Alluvium on intermediate terrace of Pino Draw deposited as fan on Rio Grande Qaa6 Qaa6 Qsfd Qafi3 boundary of Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Overlies and interfingers with tributary deposits (upper to middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel of Pino Draw flows (3–6 m) commonly exhibit vesicular tops and reddish basal breccia zones. Two flows QTsps middle Qcxd valley alluvium at inset levels and in swales. Locally dissected by rills and small gullies. deposited as a valley-mouth fan on Qsxo. Clasts are a mixture of subangular Proterozoic of Tlp at the top of Turututu (Black Butte) rest on Vicks Peak Tuff and have a K-Ar age of Qae2 Qfm Qaa5 Qaa5 Thickens downslope from less than 1 m to 5 m quartzites and other metamorphic rocks, limestone, red sandstone, and well-rounded 24.3 ±1.5 Ma (Bachman and Mehnert, 1978). This age is probably too young because two-

(Abeytas) 40 39 QTsps Qrgt1 pebbles of ancestral Rio Grande gravel. Inset against Qsxo and general Santa-Fe Group thirds of basaltic andesite eruptions are between 27.2 and 28.7 Ma Ar/ Ar ages (Chapin Qay Qsfd QTsps Qe 640 Ka basin-fill QTsps. Elevation of tread above Pino Draw is approximately 7m to 10 m. et al., 2004). Maximum thickness is 13 m. (Description modified from William McIntosh, Qaa4 Qaa4 Post-Santa-Fe-Group alluvium of young piedmont aprons and alluvial fans from west face of 000 Pedogenic carbonate is Stage III. Thickness ranges from 0 to 5 m. written communication, 1 April 2013). Qae2 3806 Los Pinos Mountains Qplo Qaa3 Qaa3 QTsps 3806000 Qsfd Rhyolitic tuffs beneath Tlp on Turututu (Oligocene)—Vicks Peak Tuff (17-20 m), La Jencia Alluvium in fans and aprons along the west flank of the Los Pinos Mountains Alluvium of Turututu Draw Ttr Qaa2 Qaa2 Qafi2 Qpf Tuff (13 m), and Hells Mesa Tuff (> 12 m) at 28.4, 28.7, and 32 Ma 40Ar/39Ar ages respectively (Holocene and upper Pleistocene)—Poorly to moderately sorted, unconsolidated fine- Qae1 Qafi1 (Chapin et al., 2004). Vicks Peak Tuff: densely welded, brown to light brownish gray and light Qae2 Qae1 to coarse- grained sand with local accumulations of cobbles and small boulders in Qatf Alluvium along low-level terrace in Turututu valley and fan on Rio Grande terrace Qsfd QTsps Qaa1 Qaa1 Qafi0 gray, phenocryst poor, pumiceous, rhyolite ignimbrite. Pervasive well developed compaction Qsx2 channels and on intra-channel bars, and silt and minor clay in backwaters; grain sizes QTsps Qatfo (upper to middle Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel along terrace of Qsfd foliation, and large “sandy” (vapor phase) pumice lapilli up to 30 cm long. La Jencia Tuff: QTsps 800 Ka decrease down slope to distal run-out zones. These fans are graded to modern inset Turututu Draw and its fan on westernmost eroded Qsxo and Qrgt2 and on fan of Pino Qsx densely welded light-gray, pale-red and grayish-red, phenocryst poor, rhyolite ignimbrite. Qpfs Qsx1 drainages, but commonly bury older fan deposits and soils which probably extend Draw (Qapf). Grades upstream and upslope to Qats. Inset against Qsxo and general QTsps Qsfd Qsfd Contains sparse (3–5%) phenocrysts of sanidine and quartz with rare plagioclase and biotite. QTsps Qaftt2 hundreds of meters below the modern surfaces. Rounded “whalebacks” of Pleistocene Santa Fe Group basin-fill QTsps. Clasts are a mixture of subangular Proterozoic Qsfd Hells Mesa Tuff: Pale-reddish-gray to light-gray, mostly densely welded, phenocryst-rich Qsfd 3805000 alluvial deposits stick up 2-5 m above active channels, particularly along distal portions quartzites and other metamorphic rocks, limestone, red sandstone, basalt, basaltic Qsfd (40–50%), quartz-rich, rhyolite ignimbrite. Typically contains abundant medium grained Qsfd QTsps Qaftt1 of the fans, but are too small in area to be mapped at 1:24,000. Fan-shaped alluvium from andesite, and well-rounded pebbles of ancestral-Rio Grande gravel. Elevation of tread Qsfd Qsxo lower (1–3 mm) phenocrysts of sanidine, plagioclase, quartz and minor biotite. Quartz is minor 000 Qay Qsfd Qpfs Qpfb 3805 Qsfd Qsfd Qsfd two major canyon drainages are mapped individually as (Sepultura fan) and above Turututu Draw is approximately 5 m. Pedogenic carbonate is Stage II. Thickness QTsps component (1–2%) in thin basal zone (not exposed here). (Description modified from William 34°22'30"N 34°22'30"N Qafbs Qafbs (Bootleg fan) based on extent of active distributary channels. ranges from 0 to 7 m. 340000 QTsps 341000 QTsps 342000 343000 344000 345000 346000 347000 348000 349000 350000 McIntosh, written communication, 1 April 2013). 106°45'0"W 106°42'30"W 106°40'0"W 106°37'30"W Qafo2 Qafo2 Qpfs Sepultura fan Qats Alluvium and colluvium along slopes in Turututu valley derived from adjacent basin- Qabd Qafo1 Qafo1 Qafo1 Td Datil Group, intermediate-composition volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Lower Base map from U.S. Geological Survey 1952, from photographs taken 1947. Map edited 1979. fill deposits (middle to upper Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sand and gravel along 1927 North American datum, Polyconic projection. Reprojected to UTM projection NAD 27 zone 13. Oligocene and Upper Eocene)—In subsurface in cross section only, beneath rhyolitic tuffs Qsx QTsps 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 13, shown in red. 1:24,000 Qpfb Bootleg fan valley-margin slopes of Turututu Draw below the level of in contact with . under Black Butte and elsewhere. Spears Formation of Datil Group exposed along Palo This draft geologic map is preliminary and will undergo revision. It was produced 2.0 Ma Clasts are a combination of well-rounded Rio Grande gravel and subangular Proterozoic volcanic rocks Duro Canyon on the Becker SW and the La Joya quadrangles to the south-southwest where 1 0.5 0 1 MILE from either scans of hand-drafted originals or from digitally drafted original maps 25 Ma quartzites and other metamorphic rocks, limestone, red sandstone, and basaltic andesite. it rests on Permian rocks. May be unidentified unit between tuffs and Permian Yeso and figures using a wide variety of software, and is currently in cartographic production. Tlp Matrix derived from QTsps commonly is pink (7.5YR 7/3), reddish-yellow (5YR 6/6), red Elevated, abandoned remants of alluvium between Sepultura Fan (Qpfs) and Bootleg Formation in local oil well stratigraphic test (B. Black, written communication, 2014). It is being distributed in this draft form as part of the bureau's Open-file map series Paleogene Qfm (2.5 YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5 YR 4/4). Locally forms slight intermediate terrace. Ttr Qpfb 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET (OFGM), due to high demand for current geologic map data in these areas where Fan ( ) (upper Pleistocene)—Poorly to moderately sorted, unconsolidated fine- to Thickness less than 4 m. VEGUITA TURN TOME SE STATEMAP quadrangles are located, and it is the bureau's policy to disseminate coarse- grained sand with local accumulations of pebbles and cobbles; grain sizes Td geologic data to the public as soon as possible. decrease down slope to distal inactive run-out channels. Stable portions of surface have Stage I-II pedogenic carbonate horizons. Thickness is at least 3 m. 1 0.5 0 1 KILOMETER After this map has undergone scientific peer review, editing, and final cartographic 40 Ma

ABEYTAS BLACK BECKER production adhering to bureau map standards, it will be released in our Geologic Map BUTTE NEW MEXICO CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET (GM) series. This final version will receive a new GM number and will supercede NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 this preliminary open-file geologic map.

CERRO LA JOYA BECKER SW MONTOSO Magnetic Declination July, 2012 West Cross Section A—A’ East 9.0385º East New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources At Map Center Open-file Geologic Map 235 DRAFT A A’ Quadrangle Location 5,500 5,500

Mapping of this quadrangle was funded by a matching-funds grant from the Tlp STATEMAP program of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Act (Award New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Number: G13AC00186), administered by the U. S. Geological Survey, and by the New New Mexico Tech Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, (L. Greer Price, Director and State Geologist, Dr. J. Michael Timmons, Geologic Mapping Program Manager). Tlp 801 Leroy Place Comments To Map Users Ttr Socorro, New Mexico A geologic map displays information on the distribution, nature, orientation, and age relationships Qay 87801-4796 Qam Qay of rock and deposits and the occurrence of structural features. Geologic and fault contacts are Tlp Qc Qay Qsx Qc Qsx irregular surfaces that form boundaries between different types or ages of units. Data depicted Tlp Qc Qafi3 Geologic Map of the Black Butte Qcxd Qae1 Qay Qats Qafi3 Qpfb [575] 835-5490 on this geologic quadrangle map may be based on any of the following: reconnaissance field QTsps geologic mapping, compilation of published and unpublished work, and photogeologic interpretation. Qsx Locations of contacts are not surveyed, but are plotted by interpretation of the position of a given 5,000 QTsps 5,000 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Socorro and Valencia Qsx Qsfd contact onto a topographic base map; therefore, the accuracy of contact locations depends on the Ttr

This and other STATEMAP quadrangles are available Feet (ASL) scale of mapping and the interpretation of the geologist(s). Any enlargement of this map could cause Qsx Qsx QTsps for free download in both PDF and ArcGIS formats at: Counties, New Mexico misunderstanding in the detail of mapping and may result in erroneous interpretations. Site-specific Qsfd conditions should be verified by detailed surface mapping or subsurface exploration. Topographic Ttr Qsfd and cultural changes associated with recent development may not be shown. http://geoinfo.nmt.edu Qsx QTsps Td Td QTsps Cross sections are constructed based upon the interpretations of the author made from geologic June, 2014 mapping, and available geophysical, and subsurface (drillhole) data. Cross-sections should be used as

an aid to understanding the general geologic framework of the map area, and not be the sole source QTsps Td by of information for use in locating or designing wells, buildings, roads, or other man-made structures. Tlp The map has not been reviewed according to New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Vertical Exaggeration = 10x 1 2 2 standards. The contents of the report and map should not be considered final and complete until 4,500 4,500 Alex J. Rinehart David W. Love and Phil L. Miller Ttr reviewed and published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. The views and 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 39,268 conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as 1 Earth and Environmental Science Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801 necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the State of New Mexico, or Feet 2 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 the U.S. Government.