Volcano Hazards in the Three Sisters Region, Oregon
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Appendix a Conceptual Geologic Model
Newberry Geothermal Energy Establishment of the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) at Newberry Volcano, Oregon Appendix A Conceptual Geologic Model April 27, 2016 Contents A.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 A.2 Geological and Geophysical Context of the Western Flank of Newberry Volcano ......................... A.2 A.2.1 Data Sources ...................................................................................................................... A.2 A.2.2 Geography .......................................................................................................................... A.3 A.2.3 Regional Setting ................................................................................................................. A.4 A.2.4 Regional Stress Orientation .............................................................................................. A.10 A.2.5 Faulting Expressions ........................................................................................................ A.11 A.2.6 Geomorphology ............................................................................................................... A.12 A.2.7 Regional Hydrology ......................................................................................................... A.20 A.2.8 Natural Seismicity ........................................................................................................... -
High Desert Oasis Delivers on Its Relaxation Promise | Lifestyles | Eugene, Oregon
8/3/2016 High desert oasis delivers on its relaxation promise | Lifestyles | Eugene, Oregon AUGUST 1, 2016 SUBSCRIBER SERVICES The Register-Guard LIFE LIFESTYLES NORTHWEST TRAVEL High desert oasis delivers on its relaxation promise Black Butte Ranch goes lowkey as other resorts go big 1/4 – A family of four rides bicycles past Phalarope Lake at Black Butte Ranch. There are more than 18 miles of paved trails at the Central Oregon resort. (Submitted photo) BY JOHN GOTTBERG ANDERSON For The Register‐Guard JULY 31, 2016 http://registerguard.com/rg/life/lifestyles/3461535574/highdesertoasisdeliversonitsrelaxationpromise.html.csp# 1/7 8/3/2016 High desert oasis delivers on its relaxation promise | Lifestyles | Eugene, Oregon LACK BUTTE RANCH — Miles of gentle foot and bicycle trails wind around Phalarope Lake and follow a linked series of B ponds to the source waters of Indian Ford Creek. They skirt a white‐barked aspen grove and cross marshy Big Meadow, sharing the grasses with horses and livestock, on a nature trail with viewing areas for dozens of colorful species of birds. This is summer at the 1,830‐acre Black Butte Ranch. The nearest Central Oregon resort to the Willamette Valley, just 100 miles east of Eugene via Santiam Pass, the 45‐year‐old destination property delivers on a promise of relaxation. Families may enjoy summer visits when swimming pools are open and other activities, including golf, tennis and horseback riding, are going full bore, but Black Butte Ranch, known as BBR, thrives on serenity. Other resorts are all about hustle and bustle, but Black Butte even banishes overhead street lights, enhancing a “night sky” program that makes the heavens come alive. -
Upper Deschutes River · ·Basin Prehistory
Upper Deschutes River · ·Basin Prehistory: A Preliminary Examination of Flaked Stone Tools and Debitage Michael W. Taggart 2002 ·~. ... .. " .. • '·:: ••h> ·';'"' •..,. •.• '11\•.. ...... :f~::.. ·:·. .. ii AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael W. Taggart for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies in Anthropology. Anthropology. and Geography presented on April 19. 2002. Title: Upper Deschutes River Basin Prehistory: A Preliminary Examination of Flaked Stone Tools and Debitage. The prehistory of Central Oregon is explored through the examination of six archaeological sites and two isolated finds from the Upper Deschutes River Basin. Inquiry focuses on the land use, mobility, technological organization, and raw material procurement of the aboriginal inhabitants of the area. Archaeological data presented here are augmented with ethnographic accounts to inform interpretations. Eight stone tool assemblages and three debitage assemblages are analyzed in order to characterize technological organization. Diagnostic projectile points recovered from the study sites indicate the area was seasonally utilized prior to the eruption of ancient Mt. Mazama (>6,845 BP), and continuing until the Historic period (c. 1850). While there is evidence of human occupation at the study sites dating to between >7,000- 150 B.P., the range of activities and intensity of occupation varied. Source characterization analysis indicates that eight different Central Oregon obsidian sources are represented at the sites. Results of the lithic analysis are presented in light of past environmental and social phenomena including volcanic eruptions, climate change, and human population movements. Chapter One introduces the key questions that directed the inquiry and defines the theoretical perspective used. Chapter Two describes the modem and ancient environmental context of study area. -
The Science Behind Volcanoes
The Science Behind Volcanoes A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust in the interiors of plates, e.g., in the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "Plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so- called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. Volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere; however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the stratosphere. -
Volcanic Vistas Discover National Forests in Central Oregon Summer 2009 Celebrating the Re-Opening of Lava Lands Visitor Center Inside
Volcanic Vistas Discover National Forests in Central Oregon Summer 2009 Celebrating the re-opening of Lava Lands Visitor Center Inside.... Be Safe! 2 LAWRENCE A. CHITWOOD Go To Special Places 3 EXHIBIT HALL Lava Lands Visitor Center 4-5 DEDICATED MAY 30, 2009 Experience Today 6 For a Better Tomorrow 7 The Exhibit Hall at Lava Lands Visitor Center is dedicated in memory of Explore Newberry Volcano 8-9 Larry Chitwood with deep gratitude for his significant contributions enlightening many students of the landscape now and in the future. Forest Restoration 10 Discover the Natural World 11-13 Lawrence A. Chitwood Discovery in the Kids Corner 14 (August 4, 1942 - January 4, 2008) Take the Road Less Traveled 15 Larry was a geologist for the Deschutes National Forest from 1972 until his Get High on Nature 16 retirement in June 2007. Larry was deeply involved in the creation of Newberry National Volcanic Monument and with the exhibits dedicated in 2009 at Lava Lands What's Your Interest? Visitor Center. He was well known throughout the The Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests are a recre- geologic and scientific communities for his enthusiastic support for those wishing ation haven. There are 2.5 million acres of forest including to learn more about Central Oregon. seven wilderness areas comprising 200,000 acres, six rivers, Larry was a gifted storyteller and an ever- 157 lakes and reservoirs, approximately 1,600 miles of trails, flowing source of knowledge. Lava Lands Visitor Center and the unique landscape of Newberry National Volcanic Monument. Explore snow- capped mountains or splash through whitewater rapids; there is something for everyone. -
2013 80% Post-Consumer Recycled Paper
Volcanic Vistas Guide to Newberry National Volcanic Monument Becky McCall Lava Butte, depicted above, is the cinder cone volcano located to the North of Lava Lands Visitor Center. It was created during a two-phase eruption just over 7,000 years ago. The first phase sent gas-charged molten rock into the air. The material solidified in the air, trapping gas bubbles, and fell back to the earth as cinders in a pile. The grey outline above indicates the size of Lava Butte today. Lava spilled out of a side vent during the second phase and flowed for several miles to the Deschutes River. The lava cooled into a field of basaltic rock. These volcanic features, and many others, are preserved as part of Newberry National Volcanic Monument. To learn more about the Monument check out the quick facts at the bottom of each page. What Can I See In... Useful Contacts 2 Hours: Newberry National Volcanic Monument Lava Lands Visitor Center and Lava Butte Due to limited parking atop Lava Butte, 30 minute parking passes are issued on Current Information Hotline a first come, first served basis. Vehicles longer than 22 ft. prohibited. See page 6 for more information. 541-383-5700 Half-Day: Above sites plus explore Lava River Cave EMERGENCY 911 Allow 2 hours, round trip, to see entire cave. Site gate closes at 4pm. See page 7 for more information. Newberry National Volcanic Monument www.fs.usda.gov/attmain/centraloregon/specialplaces Full Day: Lava Lands Visitor Center 541-593-2421 Above sites plus Lava Cast Forest Access site via gravel road, 9 miles one way. -
Overview for Geologic Field-Trip Guides to Mount Mazama, Crater Lake Caldera, and Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Overview for Geologic Field-Trip Guides to Mount Mazama, Crater Lake Caldera, and Newberry Volcano, Oregon Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–J U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover (top photo): View east-northeast from Garfield Peak on the south rim of Crater Lake caldera. Peak on skyline is 8,929 feet (2,722 meters) Mount Scott, an ~420 thousand years before present (ka) dacite stratovolcano considered to be part of Mount Mazama, the volcano that collapsed during the caldera-forming eruption ~7,700 years ago. The caldera walls in this view expose Mazama lava flows and fragmental deposits from as old as ~400 ka at Phantom Cone, adjacent to tiny Phantom Ship island, to as young as ~27 ka at Redcloud Cliff, the V-shaped face at the top of the wall left of center. The beheaded glacial valley of Kerr Notch, the low point on the caldera rim, is seen between Phantom Ship and Mount Scott. Photograph by Carly McLanahan. Cover (bottom photo): Newberry Volcano, Oregon, is the largest volcano in the Cascades volcanic arc. This north-facing view taken from the volcano’s peak, Paulina Peak (elevation 7,984 feet), encompasses much of the volcano’s 4-by-5-milewide central caldera, a volcanic depression formed in a powerful explosive eruption about 75,000 years ago. The caldera’s two lakes, Paulina Lake (left) and the slightly higher East Lake (right), are fed in part by active hot springs heated by molten rock (magma) deep beneath the caldera. The Central Pumice Cone sits between the lakes. -
And Post-Laramide Geology of the South-Central
Syn- and post-Laramide geology of the south-central Gravelly Range, southwestern Montana by Ernest Jan Luikart A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences Montana State University © Copyright by Ernest Jan Luikart (1997) Abstract: The geologic history of post-Laramide basin evolution in the foreland of southwestern Montana has been a matter of controversy. A complex assemblage of Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks which record some of that history are exposed on and near the crest of the Gravelly Range. Past interpretations of their relations and tectonic implications conflict. The present investigation of a portion of the southern Gravelly Range crest helps to resolve the physical stratigraphy and ages of the post-Laramide deposits and suggests the following sequence of events: (1) syn- and post-Laramide erosional beveling of the Madison-Gravelly arch; (2) Late Cretaceous deposition of quartzite gravel from a thrust belt source, locally containing Archean metamorphic clasts from a foreland source; (3) conformable transition to deposition of limestone conglomerate derived from the Blacktail-Snowcrest arch, with interbedded siltstone, sandstone and lacustrine limestone, deposited prior to the end of Laramide deformation; (4) final movement of Laramide faults; (5) erosion represented by a 28-38 my-long unconformity; (6) deposition of tuffaceous mudstones beginning in the Duchesnean (40-37 Ma) and proceeding into the Whitneyan (32-29 Ma) interrupted by erosion at about 32 Ma; (7) eruption of basalt flows from local vents between 33 and 30 Ma; (8) minor erosion followed by early Miocene (23 Ma) eruption of an isolated mafic volcanic center; (9) emplacement of Huckleberry Ridge Tuff at 2.1 Ma after erosion or nondeposition of Miocene strata; (10) significant uplift of the range in Quaternary time; (11) Pleistocene deposition of glacial moraines in the deeper valleys, and ongoing mass-movement and colluvial processes. -
Volcano Hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Volcano Hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon By David R. Sherrod1, Larry G. Mastin2, William E. Scott2, and Steven P. Schilling2 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 OPEN-FILE REPORT 97-513 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1997 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Introduction 1 Hazardous volcanic phenomena 2 Newberry's volcanic history is a guide to future eruptions 2 Flank eruptions would most likely be basaltic 3 The caldera would be the site of most rhyolitic eruptions—and other types of dangerously explosive eruptions 3 The presence of lakes may add to the danger of eruptions in the caldera 5 The most damaging lahars and floods at Newberry volcano would be limited to the Paulina Creek area 5 Small to moderate-size earthquakes are commonly associated with volcanic activity 6 Volcano hazard zonation 7 Hazard zone for pyroclastic eruptions 7 Regional tephra hazards 8 Hazard zone for lahars or floods on Paulina Creek 8 Hazard zone for volcanic gases 10 Hazard zones for lava flows 10 Large-magnitude explosive eruptions of low probability 11 Monitoring and warnings 12 Suggestions for further reading 12 Endnotes 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate 1. Volcano hazards at Newberry volcano, Oregon in pocket Figure 1. Index map showing Newberry volcano and vicinity 1 Figure 2. -
Hydrogeology of the Mckinney Butte Area: Sisters, Oregon
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 Hydrogeology of the McKinney Butte Area: Sisters, Oregon Joshua Andrew Hackett Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hackett, Joshua Andrew, "Hydrogeology of the McKinney Butte Area: Sisters, Oregon" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 371. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.371 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Hydrogeology of the McKinney Butte Area: Sisters, Oregon by Joshua Andrew Hackett A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology: Geohydrology Thesis Committee: Robert B. Perkins, Chair Michael Cummings Kenneth Lite, Jr. Portland State University ©2011 Abstract McKinney Butte, a late Tertiary andesite vent and flow complex, is located near the town of Sisters, Oregon, in the upper Deschutes Basin, and is situated along the structural trend that forms the eastern margin of the High Cascades graben (Sisters fault zone and Green Ridge). Rapid development and over appropriated surface water resources in this area have led to an increased dependence upon groundwater resources. A primary concern of resource managers is the potential impact of expanding groundwater use on stream flows and spring discharge. Two sets of springs (McKinney Butte Springs and Camp Polk Springs) discharge to Whychus Creek along the east flank of McKinney Butte, and during low-flow conditions supply a substantial component of the total flow in the creek. -
Chapter 5 Supplemental Planning Sections
Chapter 5 Supplemental Sections Planning Section 5.1 Introduction Background This chapter provides material that supplements the other chapters of the Plan. There are no goals or policies in these sections. Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide a glossary, list all acknowledged Goal 5 resources in one location (see Section 2.4) and list all Goal Exceptions and Goal 5 inventories. The final section in this Chapter is a table to track all amendments to this Plan. This table will ensure a clear legislative history is maintained. The following information is covered in this chapter. Glossary and Acronyms (Section 5.2) . Goal 5 Water Resources (Section 5.3) . Goal 5 Wildlife Resources (Section 5.4) . Goal 5 Open Space and Scenic Views and Sites Resources (Section 5.5) . Goal 5 Energy Resources (Section 5.6) . Goal 5 Wilderness, Natural Areas and Recreation Trails (Section 5.7) . Goal 5 Surface Mining Resources (Section 5.8) . Goal 5 Cultural and Historic Resources (Section 5.9) . Goal Exception Statements (Section 5.10) . Goal 5 Adopted Ordinances (Section 5.11) . Ordinance History (Section 5.12) 2 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - 2011 CHAPTER 5 SUPPLEMENTAL SECTIONS SECTION 5.1 INTRODUCTION Section 5.2 Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Note: Terms defined in Deschutes County Code 18.04 (Zoning Code) are not repeated here, but have the same meaning as DCC 18.04. “Agricultural-tourism” or “Agri-tourism” means a commercial enterprise at a working farm or ranch, operated in conjunction with the primary farm or ranch use, conducted for the enjoyment and/or education of visitors, that promotes successful agriculture, generates supplemental income for the owner and complies with Oregon Statute and Rule. -
DOGAMI Open-File Report O-83-03, Survey of Potential Geothermal
DOE/BP/272 STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1005 State Office Building Portland, Oregon 97201 OPEN-FILE REPORT 0-83-3 SURVEY OF POTENTIAL GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION SITES AT NEWBERRY VOLCANO, DESCHUTES COUNTY, OREGON 1983 edited by George R. Priest, Beverly F. Vogt, and Gerald L. Black, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-AC79-82BP36734. Governi Board State Geologist Allen P. St·inchfield, Chairman, North Bend Donald A. Hull Donald A. Haagensen, Portland Sidney R. Johnson, Baker Deputy State Geologist John D. Beaulieu NOTICE The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the subject matter is consistent with the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of information, this paper ~as not been edited to our usual standards. ii CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, by George R. Priest 1 Introduction 1 Objectives 1 Methodology 1 Assumptions 2 Conclusions 2 Acknowledgments 4 CHAPTER 2. GEOLOGY OF THE NEWBERRY VOLCANO AREA, DESCHUTES COUNTY, OREGON, by George R. Priest 5 Introduction . 5 Genera 1 Geo 1 ogy . 5 Results of USGS Drilling Program 10 Geophysical Evidence for a Shallow Intrusive 12 Distribution of Volcanic Centers: Implications for the Lateral Extent of a Silicic Intrusive Body 13 Caldera Geometry: Implications for Depths to Former Magma Chambers .