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A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called the Metamorphosis of Ajax

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A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called the Metamorphosis of Ajax A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called The Metamorphosis of Ajax By Sir John Harington Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2015 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain The Metamorphosis of Ajax CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................3 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND EDITORIAL NOTE........................................................4 TITLE PAGE OF ORIGINAL EDITION .....................................................................5 ADVERTISEMENT......................................................................................................6 NOTES TO THE ADVERTISEMENT.........................................................................9 DEDICATION.............................................................................................................10 A LETTER WRITTEN BY A GENTLEMAN OF GOOD WORTH, TO THE AUTHOR OF THIS BOOK.........................................................................................11 NOTES TO A LETTER WRITTEN BY A GENTLEMAN .......................................12 THE ANSWER TO THE LETTER.............................................................................13 NOTES TO THE ANSWER TO THE LETTER.........................................................16 EPIGRAMS RELATING TO THE AJAX BY SIR JOHN HARINGTON. ...............17 EPIGRAPH..................................................................................................................19 THE PROLOGUE .......................................................................................................20 NOTES TO THE PROLOGUE ...................................................................................25 A SHORT ADVERTISEMENT OF THE AUTHOR TO THE READER. ................27 THE FIRST SECTION................................................................................................28 NOTES TO THE FIRST SECTION............................................................................39 THE SECOND SECTION...........................................................................................41 NOTES TO THE SECOND SECTION.......................................................................57 THE THIRD SECTION...............................................................................................60 NOTES TO THE THIRD SECTION ..........................................................................70 AN ANATOMY OF THE METAMORPHO-SED AJAX..........................................72 NOTES TO THE ANATOMY ....................................................................................78 THE FIRST APOLOGY..............................................................................................79 NOTES TO THE FIRST APOLOGY..........................................................................82 THE TRIAL OF MISACMOS.....................................................................................84 NOTES TO THE SECOND APOLOGY ..................................................................103 GLOSSARY TO THE METAMORPHOSIS OF AJAX...........................................107 -2- Sir John Harington INTRODUCTION Long before Thomas Crapper, there was John Harington. Born in 1560 and dying in 1612, he was a courtier (and godson) to Queen Elizabeth I of England. Though he held various minor offices, he was principally a literary man, poet, translator and inventor of the flush toilet. His works included the first English translation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, which he produced as a punishment, ordered by Queen Elizabeth, for having shown a translation of some naughty parts of it to her ladies-in-waiting. He was intermittently in and out of favour with the queen, in, because of his wit, learning and poetical talents; out, because of his cheekiness and scurrility. On his return from a failed expedition to quell rebels in Ireland, he faced the full force of her anger: "'Go home,' she said. I did not stay to bidden twice; if all the Irish rebels had been at my heels, I should not have had better speed, for I did now flee from one whom I both loved and feared too." He was soon back in favour again, and survived the downfall and execution of his patron, the Earl of Essex, to become a sardonic observer of the drunkenness and ribaldry of the court of Elizabeth's successor, James I & VI. His account of the intrigues and roistering was published in 1769 as Nugae Antiquae ("Ancient trifles") and is well worth reading. A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, called The Metamorphosis of Ajax (1596) is a book impossible to classify. It starts with a long prologue justifying its subject, with many examples from Biblical and classical sources relating to excretion and the disposal of sewage, before describing his invention – the first flush toilet. He had installed one in his own house, and persuaded some of his friends to do the same. There then follows his "Apology", a mock description of his trial for having written on so unworthy a subject, which ends, of course, with his triumphant acquittal. The book was widely circulated in manuscript before being finally printed. Some critics have interpreted it allegorically as an attack on the faults of the times, which should be flushed away. Certainly it is full of direct and coded references to the politics and great men of the day, and this contributed to its great popularity at the time, but also to its subsequent obscurity when these were no longer topical. It is also full, however, of jokes and scatological puns (there are two in the title) as well as obscure learning, the whole presented in a droll and deadpan manner, still entertaining today to those with a taste for Rabelaisian humour. -3- The Metamorphosis of Ajax BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND EDITORIAL NOTE This edition of The Metamorphosis of Ajax is taken from a limited edition by Charles Whittingham, 1814. This included Harington's own notes in the margins; identified here by "Side note." Other notes have been provided by the Ex-Classics Project. The spelling has been modernised and obsolete words standardised using the primary spelling used by the OED. Latin has been translated, as follows: Quotations from the Vulgate Bible have been taken from the Authorised (King James) version. Others have been taken from public domain sources if available; the translator has been credited in each case. Uncredited translations are by the Ex-Classics Project. The Glossary is the work of the Ex-Classics project -4- Sir John Harington TITLE PAGE OF ORIGINAL EDITION A NEW DISCOURSE OF A STALE SUBJECT; CALLED THE METAMORPHOSIS OF AJAX. WRITTEN BY MISACMOS, TO HIS FRIEND AND COUSIN PH1LOSTILPNOS. {Illustration 1 – Publisher's device} AT LONDON: Printed by Richard Field, dwelling in the BlackFriars. 1596. -5- The Metamorphosis of Ajax ADVERTISEMENT. THE tracts which constitute the following volume, are perhaps the first specimens of the Rabelaisian satire our language has to boast. They are replete with that kind of humour which distinguishes the writings of the French Lucian, and partake of their grossness. The extreme rarity of these once popular trifles, renders it doubtful whether Swift or Sterne were acquainted with them; yet there are passages in the writings of both these eccentric writers, so strongly resemblant to some parts of the present volume, as almost to induce a suspicion that they had seen them: this resemblance, however, may have arisen from the circumstance of their being, like our author, imitators of Rabelais and the other early French writers of facetiae. Of the Metamorphosis of Ajax, the avowed purport is the description of a species of watercloset which Sir John Harington had invented and erected at Kelston, his seat near Bath; but he has contrived to make it the vehicle of much diverting matter, evincing his extensive reading: he has also interspersed numerous satiric touches and allusions to cotemporary persons and events; many of which are now necessarily obscure, and which were no doubt one of the causes of its great popularity at the time of publication. Elizabeth, however she might be diverted with the humour of this whimsical performance, affected to be much displeased, and forbade its author the court in consequence: like most satiric writings it procured the writer many enemies; and it is supposed that he owed his good fortune in escaping a Starchamber suit to the favour of the queen<1>, who is said to have conceived much disquiet on being told he had aimed a shaft at Leicester. The Metamorphosis of Ajax, for which a license was refused, appears to have been twice reprinted within a few months; the first edition bears in the title the name of Richard Field, who also printed the first and second editions of the author's translation of Ariosto. This first edition appears to have been published previous to the third of August 1596. The book was in a subsequent impression put forth without the name of the printer; and this edition, according to a copy collated on the present occasion, must have appeared in or before the month of September in the same year, having at the bottom of the title, Printed 1596. A third edition, evidently an attempt at an exact facsimile of the latter, but differing in several minute particulars, sufficient to demonstrate that the press had been entirely reset, is in possession of the editor. The Anatomy appears to have been published at the same time, or very shortly after; in October 1596, a former possessor of the copy above referred to, appears to have acquired this part of the work
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